State Of Madhya Pradesh vs Awadh Kishore Gupta and Ors

[AIR 2004 SC 517]

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DATE OF JUDGMENT: 18/11/2003

FACTS OF THE CASE:

7 petitioners had filed the petition before the High Court to quash the investigation and
proceedings on the ground that while investigating into alleged acquisition of disproportionate
assets of Awadh Kishore Gupta, the income of other respondents were not taken note of. The
allegation again the accused was that he had acquired property that was beyond his known
source of income thereby punishable under section 13 (1) (e) of the Prevention of Corruption
Act, 1988. High Court quashed the investigation and the proceedings. Thus, the appeal was
filed before the Supreme Court.

ISSUE IN THE CASE:

Whether the High Court was right in quashing the investigation and proceedings while the
matter is still under examination?

ARGUMENTS IN THE CASE:

Appellant: The whole approach of the High Court was erroneous. At the stage of considering
an application for quashing the investigation or further proceedings, it is not permissible to
proceed as if the court was holding a trial and trying to sift evidence. The parameter for exercise
of jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code is very limited. Without keeping in view the
parameters and relying on documents and materials which were yet to be tested, the High Court
has quashed the investigation and the proceedings.

Respondent: The investigation and further proceedings would have been an exercise in futility.
When the materials considered by the High Court are taken into account, nothing more remains
to be done and without first granting an opportunity to explain, the investigating agency could

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not have alleged commission of offence punishable under Section 13(1) (e) of the Act. The
judgment, according to learned counsel, does not warrant interference.

JUDGMENT OF THE CASE:

The court observed that when the materials relied upon by a party are required to be proved,
no inference can be drawn on the basis of those materials to conclude the complaint to be
unacceptable. The Court should not act on annexures to the petitions under Section 482 of the
Code, which cannot be termed as evidence without being tested and proved. When the factual
position of the case at hand is considered in the light of principles of law highlighted, the
inevitable conclusion is that the High Court was not justified in quashing the investigation and
proceedings in the connected case. The Court set aside the impugned judgment. It was held
that the State shall be at liberty to proceed in the matter further. Appeal was allowed.

ANALYSIS:

The powers possessed by the High Court under Section 482 of the Code are very wide and the
very plenitude of the power requires great caution in its exercise. Court must be careful to see
that its decision in exercise of this power is based on sound principles. The inherent power
should not be exercised to stifle a legitimate prosecution. High Court being the highest Court
of a State should normally refrain from giving a prima facie decision in a case where the entire
facts are incomplete and hazy, more so when the evidence has not been collected and produced
before the Court and the issues involved, whether factual or legal, are of magnitude and cannot
be seen in their true perspective without sufficient material. Of course, no hard and fast rule
can be laid down in regard to cases in which the High Court will exercise its extraordinary
jurisdiction of quashing the proceeding at any stage.

When an information is lodged at the police station and an offence is registered, then the mala
fides of the informant would be of secondary importance. It is the material collected during the
investigation and evidence led in Court which decides the fate of the accused person. The
allegations of mala fides against the informant are of no consequence and cannot by itself be
the basis for quashing the proceeding.

Therefore, the High Court in the present case was not correct in giving the order to quash the
investigation while the examination was not completed. And hence, Supreme Court was very
right in reversing the order.