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Ingls

The players of each team line up in pairs, one behind the


other. When the whistle is blown, one soldier in each pair
carries his partner to the distance line, thirty meters, using
the fireman's carry. At the distance line, the soldiers
exchange places and return to the starting line. As a
variation, the soldier to be carried lies on the ground and
his partner picks him up to the proper position. This relay
may be performed with the other carries described in guerrilla
exercises.

1. The exercise is done by :

A) Policemen
B) Soldiers
C) Firemen
D) Boys B.

2. Each pair of soldiers runs a total of:

A) three hundred meters


B) thirteen rounds
C) sixty meters
D) sixty rounds C.

3. They start running when...

A) One soldier picks up another soldier


B) They are ready to run
C) They hear a starting signal
D) Somebody whistles a blown C.

4. Before returning they must...

A) Exchange places
B) Hear the starting signal
C) Do a variation
D) Carry the closest fireman A.

5. This exercise must be performed by:

A) Thirty members
B) Couples of soldiers
C) An even number of teams
D) night B.

1
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The ACE is a combat engineer tractor and is designed to


enable combat formations to breach enemy earth obstacles,
prepare fighting positions, create anti-tank ditches and keep
supply routes open. Its armor allows it to carry out these tasks
under fire and operate closely with tanks and mechanized
infantry formations.
Bowen-McLaughlin-York delivered the first examples to the
US Army in 1986, and the first full-production vehicles were
handed over to major units in 1989. They performed well during
the Gulf War, when they were with cranes to speed the off-
loading of pallets.

1.- Why can the ACE perform engineer tasks despite enemy
opposition ?

a.Because it is an engineer machine


b.Because it works in ditches
c.Because of its accessories
d.Because it is armored heavy equipment

2.- What happened to the ACE during the Gulf War ?

a.They were equipped with accessories


b.They built wells
c.Their performance was not up to scratch
d.They increased their speed

3.- When did the ACE enter service ?

a.During the Gulf War


b.In 1986
c.In 1989
d.Immediately after being delivered as examples

4.- How can the ACE help logistics ?

a.Unloading pallets
b.Keeping the crane busy
c.Keeping roads open
d.Following supply routes

5.- What is the ACE designed to enable?

a.Combat formations
b.The creation of anti-tank Ditches
c.The removal of enemy obstacles at any height
d.The removal of enemy obstacles built on the ground

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH B

Great plot for a John Grisham thriller : best-selling


author and lawyer returns to courtroom to try his first case in
seven years, announcing, "Ive got the jitters." He triumphs,
winning a verdict that found a railroad at fault for the death
of a brakeman in 1991. Best thing is its true. Grishams
success came in his home state of Mississippi, and the
brakemans widow Barbara King was awarded $683,500. Made rich by
" The Firm " and " The Pelican Brief ", Grisham wont accept a
fee from King, who hired him before he gained literary fame.
Expect to read this summation in a novel someday ? He admits, "
Everything is grist for the mill for a future book. "

1.- What are the lawyers feelings about his return to the
courtroom ?

a. He feels relaxed
b. He is anxious about it
c. He feels self-confident
d. He feels ready

2.- What was the case about ?

a. People having jitters


b. A labour accident
c. An heiress widow
d. A railroad disaster

3.- Which of the above sentences is not true ?

a. This is Grishams first case


b. It is a thrillers storyline
c. The widow paid a large bill
d. All of the above

4.- According to the last sentence...

a. The case could be useful as a plot for a novel


b. The case cant be used as a plot for a novel
c. The case will be used as a plot for sure
d. The case is too complicated and boring for a future
book

5.- According to the text...

a. We will definitely find the details of the case


in a future novel someday
b. King and Grisham are in conflict about payments
c. You cant find details about the case in a novel

Error!Marcador no definido.
d. Grisham is more a lawyer than an author

PARAGRAPH C

When Abercromby arrived with his troops he found that there


were so many ways of attacking the fort that he was spoiled for
choice. However, rejecting the idea of flank attacks on
undefended parts of the fort as too easy, or artillery
bombardment from hills overlooking the French position as too
obvious, or blasting the breastwork to pieces with his guns as
too clumsy, he instead left his guns behind with the boats and
ordered his infantry to charge through the thorn-bushes, hedges
and branches laid down by the French. Perhaps he saw this as a
thoroughly sporting way of evening up the odds.

1.- What could be done with the breastwork ?

a. To store ammunition
b. To build it with pieces
c. To take their guns off
d. To use artillery for destroying it

2.- How did Abercromby feel upon finding so many


ways of attacking ?

a. He was irresolute about them


b. He was amazed by the possibilities
c. He felt they were all unsatisfactory
d. He felt the choice was devastating

3.- According to the text, he made his choice for the


attack...

a. Because it was carefully planned


b. Because it was the easiest option
c. After checking the odds
d. As an attempt to balance the chances

4.- How could an artillery bombardment have been carried


out ?

a. From obvious positions


b. From ground higher than the French one
c. From hills which would surprise the French
d. None of the above

5.- The infantry was ordered to charge...

a. Through open ground


b. Over a lot of vegetation

Error!Marcador no definido.
c. With their weapons left in their boats
d. Through French obstacles

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH D

While gem cutters nationalities may have changed over the


years, the craft that is passed down from master to apprentice
has not. Rough diamonds are still cut on steel spinning wheels,
called skives. With the help of a steady hand and the naked eye,
a cutter meticulously carves 57 tiny facets on a round,
brilliant-cut stone. To etch and polish each angle to
perfection, diamond dust is sprinkled on the spinning wheel, oil
is added with the touch of a finger, and the diamond is pressed
close to-never touching-the wheel. Since half the weight of a
stone is normally lost in polishing, wringing even a fraction of
a carat from a rough diamond can make a big difference in the
bottom line.

1.- What has been kept as in past times ?

a. Nationalities of masters
b. Relations between masters and apprentices
c. The technique for cutting gems
d. Cutters changes of nationalities

2.- What is a "skive" ?

a. The name of rough diamond


b. A balancing machine with wheels
c. A turning machine
d. The name of the cutting process

3.- Why is it important to avoid wringing the diamond ?

a. To make a difference in its bottom


b. To make its sides uneven
c. To try to keep its value at a maximum
d. To leave it rough

4.- What kind of help does the cutter have for


carving ?

a. 57 tiny facets
b. His sight and ability to keep still
c. A round stone
d. His apprentice gives him a hand

5.- In order to get a good finish...

a. The diamond is polished using a finger


b. The diamond is lubricated with dust
c. Gems dust is scattered on the skive
d. Polishing is avoided to keep its weight

Error!Marcador no definido.
ANSWER SHEET:

" The ACE is a combat engineer..."

1.- D 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- A 12.- A 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- C 13.- D 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- C 14.- B 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- D 15.- D 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- B 16.- C 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- B 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- D 18.- C 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- A 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- C 20.- C 30.- 40.- 50.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

In the early-1950s the standard United States Army


Armored Personnel Carrier was the M75, followed in 1954 by the
M59. Neither of these was satisfactory and in 1954 foundations
were laid for a new series of vehicles. In 1958 prototypes of
the T113 (aluminum hull) and T117 (steel hull) armored
personnel carriers were built. A modified version of the T113,
the T113E1, was cleared for production in mid-1959 and
production commenced at the FMC plant at San Jose, California,
in 1960. The vehicle is still in production today and some
70,000 have been built in the USA.

1. What is the T113E1 ?

A) The main basement for the design of the M75


B) An outdated version of the T113
C) A newer version of the T113
D) None of the above

2. In what year did the production of the T113E1 begin ?

A) 1954
B) 1958
C) 1959
D) 1960

3. What was the hull of the T117 made of ?

A) aluminum
B) steel
C) mixed aluminum
D) mixed steel

4. What happened in 1959 ?

A) Production was banned


B) Americans didn't trust this vehicle
C) The T113 was cleared for production
D) None of the above

5. Which of the following is not true ?

A) M75 and M59 were not satisfactory


B) The T113E1 is still in production
C) The T113E1 was the precursor of the T113
D) Around 70,000 T113E1s have been produced in the
USA
PARAGRAPH B

Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges


of North America, Europe, and Asia. In these areas the near
eternal freezing temperatures cause an environment in which
plant life is virtually impossible. The existence of ice
rather than water for the majority of the year means that
vegetation lacks sufficient moisture for growth. During the
short period of time when the temperature increases enough for
the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water.
This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage through
the frozen subsoil, does not allow vegetation to flourish.

1. What would be the most appropriate title for the


passage?

A) Where Desert Tundra Is Found


B) The Weather in the Arctic
C) Why Cold Deserts Occur
D) The Variety of Plant Life in Desert Tundra

2. Desert tundra is found:

A) throughout North America, Europe and Asia


B) In Antarctica
C) on the Arctic borders of the northern continents
D) at the North Pole

3. What makes plant life almost impossible in areas of


desert tundra during most of the year ?

A) Excessive water on the plants


B) the frozen state of the water
C) The increase in temperature
D) The lack of ice

4. Which of the following happens when the weather heats


up?

A) Plants can flourish


B) Vegetation lacks sufficient moisture
C) The days become shorter
D) There is too much water

5. Why can't the water drain after it melts ?

A) The land beneath the surface is still frozen


B) The temperature is too high
C) The period of time is too short
D) The vegetation is flourishing
PARAGRAPH C

The troposphere is the layer of air that begins at the


surface of the earth and extends upward to an average altitude
of seven miles. Its height varies from the equator to the
poles, and from season to season. It is higher over the
equator than over the poles, and it also has a greater height
in the summer. The troposphere contains about three quarters
of the earth's atmosphere by weight and almost all of the
weather. The border between the troposphere and the
stratosphere is called the tropopause. It is important because
high-speed winds are often found near the tropopause.

1. We live:

A) near the tropopause


B) above the stratosphere
C) in the troposphere
D) below the atmosphere

2. The tropopause

A) Has a longitude of seven miles


B) Has an altitude of more or less seven miles
C) Random varies from summer to winter
D) Has an altitude of seven miles

3. Mark the correct answer

A) The atmosphere is in the troposphere


B) The troposphere is in the stratosphere
C) The troposphere is in the atmosphere
D) The tropopause is in the stratosphere

4. The main topic of the reading is:

A) What the troposphere is


B) The importance of the atmosphere height
C) The weather in the troposphere
D) The variation of the atmosphere layers

5. Weather phenomena:

A) occur mostly in the troposphere


B) occur only in the troposphere
C) never occur in the tropopause
D) occur mostly in the atmosphere
PARAGRAPH D

The deer is a distinctive animal easily recognized by the


antlers that adorn most species of male deer. These antlers
are used by the males primarily to fight, either for mates or
for leadership of the herd. Deer generally lose their antlers
each winter and begin growing new ones in late spring. The new
antlers are soft knobs covered with velvety hairs. Later in
the year as the seasons progress, the antlers grow and harden
into solid branches. In the middle of winter, the full-grown
antlers fall off and decay on the ground. The following spring
the process begin again.

1. The deer is called a distinctive animal because it:

A) uses its antlers to recognize others.


B) has many species.
C) has antlers.
D) has to fight for its mates.

2. The deer does not use its antlers

A) to fight other deer.


B) to get a mate.
C) to become a leader.
D) to climb branches.

3. When do the new antlers begin to grow ?.

A) In August
B) In late spring
C) At the end of Autumn
D) In early summer

4. What happens to the antlers when they fall off ?.

A) They disintegrate
B) They wither
C) They mummify
D) They flourish

5. What is the main use of antlers ?.

A) To be eaten by humans.
B) In order to fight.
C) To break branches of trees.
D) None of the above.
ANSWER SHEET:

1.-C 11.-C 21.- 31.-


41.-

2.-D 12.-B 22.- 32.-


42.-

3.-B 13.-C 23.- 33.-


43.-

4.-D 14.-A 24.- 34.-


44.-

5.-C 15.-A 25.- 35.-


45.-

6.-C 16.-C 26.- 36.-


46.-

7.-C 17.-D 27.- 37.-


47.-

8.-B 18.-B 28.- 38.-


48.-

9.-D 19.-A 29.- 39.-


49.-

10.-A 20.-B 30.- 40.-


50.-
Ingls

The M1A1 Abrams tank is the U.S. Army's primary combat


weapon for closing with and destroying the enemy. Its 120 mm
smooth-bore cannon and Thermal Imaging System give it immense
hitting power at ranges up to 3,991 yards, in all weathers and
at night. Chobham and depleted uranium armor ensure
unparalleled survivability, even from direct hits.
Development of the Abrams began in 1973 after the
collapse of the MBT-70 project. Chrysler won a competition for
the Abrams contract against the General Motors Corporation and
production of the first version, the M1, began in 1979 at the
Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant.

1. When did the production of the M1 begin ?

A) In 1973
B) In 1975
C) In 1977
D) In 1979 D

2. Which sentence is true ?

A) The MBT-70 improved the Thermal Imaging System


B) Chobhan and depleted uranium was not a success
C) MBT had already collapsed when the Abrams was
introduced.
D) General Motors increased the number of MBT-70s
manufactured C

3. What happened at the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant ?.

A) The production of the M1 began


B) The quality of chobham armor was improved
C) There was a race between Chrysler and Abrams
D) Thermal Imaging System collapsed A

4. What is the maximun range of Abrams' weaponry ?

A) More than 3,991 yards


B) Less than 3,991 yards
C) Equal to 3,991 yards
D) None of the above C

5. Under what weather conditions was the Abrams mostly


adequate ?

A) Only on sunny days


B) On rainy days with heavy thunderstorms
C) On foggy days
D) None of the above D

1
Although most Universities in the United States are on a
semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring,
some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall,
winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year,
September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven
weeks each beginning in September, January, and March; the
summer quarter, June to August, is composed of shorter
sessions of varying length. Students may take advantage of the
opportunity to study year round by enrolling in all four
quarters. Most students begin their programs in the fall
quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the
other quarters.

1. The main topic is:

A) Universities in the United States


B) The Academic Year
C) The Quarter System
D) The Semester System C

2. How many terms are there in a quarter system ?.

A) Four regular terms and one summer term


B) Three regular terms and one summer term
C) Two regular terms and two summer terms
D) One regular term and four summer terms B

3. When is the academic year ?

A) Spring to summer
B) Spring to autumn
C) Summer to autumn
D) Autumn to summer D

4. A semester system

A) has eleven-week sessions


B) is not very popular in the United States
C) gives students the opportnity to study year
around
D) has two major sessions a year D

5. When may students begin studying in a school that uses


a quarter system ?.

A) September
B) Summer semester only
C) At the beginning of any quarter
D) At the beginning of the academic year C

2
Geographically, California's diversity is breathtaking,
and the state's coastline from north to south is no exception.
Measuring 840 miles in length, the coast consists of the
rugged cliffs of the Coast Ranges in the north and wide sandy
beaches in the south. Along the coastline there are two major
harbours, one in the north at San Francisco, the other in the
south at San Diego. Near Humboldt and Monterey are smaller
natural harbours.

1. The topic of the passage is

A) how the State of California is divided into north


and south.
B) tourist attractions in California.
C) the breathtaking beauty of California.
D) the variation in Californias coastal geography.
D

2. What measures 840 miles in length ?

A) The California coastline


B) The Coast Ranges
C) The rugged cliffs
D) The exceptional part of northern California A

3. The Coast Ranges are

A) near the cliffs on the coast of California


B) found in southern California
C) a series of mountains paths
D) hundreds of miles north of the cliffs A

4. It is implied in the passage that northern California

A) has more beaches than southern California


B) is roughly the same as southern California
C) has fewer major harbours than southern California
D) has a substantially different coastline from
southern California. D

5. Where are the major harbours located in California ?

A) In San Diego
B) Only in northern California
C) Near Humboldt and Monterey
D) In the north and in the south D

3
Circulorespiratory endurance depends on the efficiency of
the lungs and heart. The maximum effort a soldier can exert
over a period of time is limited by the amount of oxygen his
lungs can absorb with each breath inhaled and the amount of
carbon dioxide his lungs can expel with each breath exhaled.
The process of absorbing oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
(circulorespiratory process) is performed by the blood that
circulates through the lungs. The average soldier's capacity
for keeping fresh blood circulating through his lungs can be
greatly increased by exercise. Running is one of the best
exercises for this purpose.

1. The main topic is...

A) The soldier's breathing


B) The respiratory process
C) The purpose of running
D) Physical training for soldiers B.

2. Mark the correct answer

A) A soldier will make more of an effort if he


exhales more oxygen than carbon dioxide
B) A soldier will make more of an effort if he
inhales and exhales at the same time
C) The maximum effort will be limited by the respi-
ratory process of each soldier over a period of
time
D) A soldier will make more of an effort if he
inhales and exhales more air C.

3. Something to improve respiratory endurance could be:

A) Keeping fresh blood


B) Jumping
C) Jogging
D) Breathing properly C.

4. From the reading we can say that it is important...

A) To keep the lungs fresh


B) To keep fresh blood in circulation
C) To keep ourselves fresh while running
D) To keep up the effort a soldier can make B.

5. The circulorespiratory process take place in:

A) The lungs
B) The blood
4
C) The mouth and nose
D) The heart A.

5
6
Ingls

There is only one problem: the American people could


hardly care less. More than that: they are actively hostile to
the notion of American leadership if it requires risking
American lives. In the case of Bosnia, that is exactly what
American leadership has led to. Clinton has said he will send
20,000 troops to enforce a peace agreement, and Americans are
deeply concerned about this prospect. They are not convinced
that their sons and daughters should die for the sake of
Sarajevo.

1.- According to the first sentence, Americans:

A) Are quite interested


B) Do fully agree
C) Are not interested at all
D) Dont share points of view C

2.- The meaning of "deeply concerned about" is...

A) anxious
B) related
C) confused
D) resolved A

3.- What has American leadership led to ?

A) Withdrawing troops from Bosnia


B) Risking American lives
C) Peoples active hostility
D) Convincing American people B

4.- According to the text;

A) American people are eager to send troops to


Bosnia
B) American people strongly oppose the idea of
deploying troops to Bosnia
C) American troops will be sent for sure
D) They are not sure of the necessity of sending
troops D

5.- People are not convinced that their children should


die:

A) for the freedom of Sarajevo


B) for the liberation of Sarajevo
C) on behalf of Sarajevo
D) to avoid the sack of Sarajevo C

1
Disneyland Paris has opened a new roller coaster. Called
"Space Mountain" and inspired by Jules Verne's novel "From the
Earth to the Moon", this roller coaster is the park's eleventh
addition since its debut in 1992. The ride, which consists of
a series of rocket ships, hurls passengers for two and a half
minutes into the darkness, past meteorites and the moon. Along
the way, riders must endure three inverted loops. With speeds
of up to 75 kilometres per hour, space mountain is 20 per cent
faster than any other Disney ride. For information on the
park's attractions, call 0733/160306030.

1. Space Mountain:

A) was designed by Jules Verne


B) is on the French coast
C) is a new Disneyland resort
D) is a fun-park machine D

2. Since 1992 Disneyland Paris has:

A) invested in space exploration


B) made a lot of money
C) added eleven new attractions
D) doubled in size C?

3. The ride:

A) has no lights in one part


B) makes passengers nauseous
C) carries people through water
D) is not suitable for serious people A

4. Riders:

A) have to pay a lot of money


B) travel at over 75 km. per hour
C) must wear special space suits
D) go around in circles D?

5. Space Mountain is Disney's:

A) best investment to date


B) most famous attraction
C) fastest ride now
D) most popular asset C?

2
A few years ago, the American Medical association awarded
its first annual Community Service Medal to Dr.Archer Sudan.
Dr.Sudan was born on a farm in the western part of the United
States in 1894. Before he was ten years old, he knew that he
wanted to be a doctor. He began his career by giving medicine
to his father's cows and horses. When he was 16, he went to
the city where a married sister lived and entered the city
high school. He learned to be a barber and worked as a barber
while he continued his studies through college and medical
school.
One day, Dr.Sudan decided to take a vacation. He was 32
years old, and he had recently married a red-haired nurse whom
he had known in medical school.

1. Dr.Archer Sudan:

A) was the first person to win the medal


B) was the last person to win the medal
C) won the medal every year
D) awarded the medal to the association A

2. Dr.Archer Sudan:

A) wanted to be a doctor when he was a child


B) wanted to be a vet when he was a child
C) wanted to be a farmer or a barber
D) didn't know what he wanted to be A

3. He was:

A) an unsuccessful barber
B) an unsuccessful doctor
C) a farmer's son
D) an only child C

4. He:

A) went to college with his married sister


B) did same hairdressing work
C) didn't study enough
D) gave up work in order to study B

5. His wife was:

A) always away on vacation


B) already married when they met
C) a doctor who gave lectures
D) a nurse he had met years before D

3
In his perceptive book A Leg to Stand On, Oliver Sacks describes
how formal hospital wards rounds make patient-doctor communication virtually impossible.
"I have experienced this from both sides. As a junior surgeon you are constantly at the mercy
of your beeper - forever shuttling between clinics, the operating theatre, the wards and the
administration. The essential work on the wards is the ordering of tests and the scheduling of
operations, and you resent anything that distracts you from the task".

1. Patient-doctor relationships are...

A) too formal and serious in hospitals.


B) circular, with equal input from both parties.
C) not satisfactory in the rounds system.
D) better in private rooms than in wards. C

2. Oliver Sacks...

A) wrote his book while he was in hospital.


B) has been both a doctor and a patient.
C) gave up his job as a surgeon to become an administrator.
D) failed his exams because he was distracted. B

3. Junior surgeons are under pressure because:

A) they have to respond to calls and rush around


everywhere.
B) their patients don't listen to them properly.
C) they haven't got enough experience when they start work.
D) They don't get on well together due to their mutual resentment.
A

4. The most important ward work involves...

A) arranging operations and asking for tests to be done.


B) operating and post-operation care.
C) being patient, merciful and not easily distracted.
D) trying to improve the level of patient-doctor communication. A

5. Oliver Sacks'book...

A) is essential reading material for junior surgeons.


B) is formal but easy to read.
C) has become very famous in recent years.
D) includes observations on life in hospital wards. D

4
5
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

Once again, the Serbian troops which are attacking the


Bosnian City of Bihac have achieved a military victory in a
full challenge to all reasons of justice and vain resolutions
of the United Nations, which to make matters worse, have just
ordered yesterday the fulfillment of a cease-fire officially
declared last Friday in New York, to which the Serbs have
responded with redoubled attacks with Infantry and Heavy
Artillery units, after setting fire to the southern districts
of the city to prevent the return of their neighbors and
especially, to finish off the physical destruction of the
Fifth Army Corps, the most hardened among the Bosnian troops,
technically disappeared in military terms because of the
Serbian offensive.

1.- According to the text...

a. Serbian troops went against U.N. resolutions in


Bihac
b. Serbian troops fulfilled U.N. resolutions in Bihac
c. Serbian troops reasoned with the U.N. for justice
in Bihac
d. Serbian troops challenged justice in vain

2.- The United Nations...

a. Solved the situation by ordering a cease-fire


b. Made the Serbs fulfil an order given last Friday
c. Declared a ceasefire yesterday
d. Caused a setback in the peace process

3.- What was the Serbian response to the U.N.s last


resolution ?

a. They withdrew artillery and infantry units


b. They gave up fighting in southern districts
c. They attacked at double speed
d. They made stronger attacks

4.- What is not true, according to the text ?

a. The U.N. made adequate decisions about Bihac


b. Serbian forces won a victory in spite of justice
c. The Serbian offensive weakened the Fifth Army
Corps
d. The U.N. resolutions accomplished nothing

5.- The Serbian offensive...

a. Was not conducted technically


b. Was designed to destroy the city especially
c. Was the cause of the elimination of the Fifth Army
Corps
d. Strengthened the Fifth Army Corps position
1
2
PARAGRAPH B

Not so long ago, Magic Johnson was the poster boy for how
to avoid AIDS. Now he is the man to show people how to deal
with it. "Enjoy life," he says. "Live. Im not just talking
about people with HIV or AIDS, but about people with problems
or handicaps. For people who have HIV, come out and share your
life with somebody and make them feel better. Try to hold it
among parents or brothers or sisters. You carry a lot of
weight when you keep it to yourself."

1.- What did Johnson do not a long time ago ?

a. He made posters
b. He appeared in posters with boys
c. He was used for advertisements
d. He put up posters in the street

2.- What is he doing now ?

a. Hes making a deal with some people


b. He has a show for people with AIDS
c. He is doing deals for shows
d. He gives tips on coping with AIDS

3.- Johnson says :

a. Have a good time


b. Make your life funny
c. Easy does it
d. Be a party pooper

4.- Why should HIV-sufferers come out ?

a. To carry a lot of weight


b. For the sake of their parents
c. To make society reject them
d. To prevent themselves from getting down

5.- From the text, we can presume...

a. Magic Johnson is retiring from the scene


b. HIV-sufferers are living better nowadays
c. Johnson is all for encouraging HIV-sufferers
d. HIV-sufferers families arent willing to help them

3
PARAGRAPH C

For anyone who wants to rent a general, the place to go


is Military Professional Resources Inc., headquartered in a
squat, red brick office building in Alexandria, Virginia.
Eight years old and with annual revenues of about $12 million,
MPRI is, according to its brochure, "the greatest corporate
assemblage of military expertise in the world." With 160 full-
time employees and some 2,000 retired generals, admirals and
other officers on call, it is making a fair claim. This is the
outfit that the U.S. will probably turn to for help in Bosnia.

1.- Which of the following statements about MPRI


is true ?.

a. It has 2160 full-time employees


b. It has 2000 retired employees
c. It has 2000 officers standing by
d. It has 160 employees working from time to time

2.- What will the U.S. probably do in Bosnia ?

a. Give officers special outfits


b. Do the civilians a turn
c. Make fair claims
d. Call on MPRI for assistance

3.- Which statement is true about the building in


Alexandria, Virginia ?

a. It has squatters
b. The MPRI bosses are based there
c. All MPRI employees work there
d. It is a tall, red building

4.- Who o what says MPRI is "The greatest corporate


assemblage..." ?

a. An MPRI information leaflet


b. An MPRI commercial
c. An MPRI advertisement
d. MPRIs buildings sign

5.- Why is MPRI said to be making a fair claim ?

a. Because of its revenues


b. Because of the U.S.intervention in Bosnia
c. Because it has so many military officers on call
d. Because of its brochure
4
PARAGRAPH D

In the decade before 1914 moves had been made by most


European armies towards less conspicuous uniforms, the British
setting the pattern with their khaki and the Germans adopting
field-grey. Last to see the wisdom of these changes were the
French, who thought of their uniforms of red kepis (caps), red
trousers, blue jackets and blue greatcoats as quintessentially
Gallic. During the Balkan wars of 1912-13, the French Minister
for War, Adolphe Mssimy, saw the advantage of dull colours
for uniforms which blend in with the background. He decided
that the French armies should have these uniforms in the
future. But reaction inside France was immensely hostile and
he was accused of wanting to dress French soldiers in `muddy,
inglorious' colours.

1.- Which statement is not true :


a. The French used "Gallic" uniforms
b. The Germans were the second to adopt field-grey
uniforms
c. Changes to uniforms were introduced at the dawning
of the century
d. The British were the first to change

2.- How did the French react to Mssimys decision ?


a. They knocked it
b. They fought over it
c. They backed it
d. They put him on trial

3.- What was Mssimy accused of ?


a. Wanting to change red colours
b. Copying Germanys and Britains uniforms
c. Dressing soldiers for glory
d. Dressing soldiers in dirty-looking clothes

4.- What did the French Minister see during the period
1912- 1913 ?
a. The Balkan Wars
b. The necessity for a better blending of men and
earth
c. No need for darker uniforms
d. A need for tainted fabrics in uniforms

5.- How did Mssimy react to dull colours for uniforms ?


a. He put them off
b. He was into them
c. He took them aback
d. He didnt go for them

5
ANSWER SHEET:

Parrafo A comienza: " Once again, the Serbian troops..."

1.- A 11.- C 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- D 12.- D 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- D 13.- B 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- A 14.- A 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- C 15.- C 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- D 17.- A 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- A 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- D 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- C 20.- B 30.- 40.- 50.-

6
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

As a result of the past oil crisis, 9.9 million of


Californias fifteen million motorists were subjected to an
odd-even plan of gas rationing. The governor signed a bill
forcing motorists with license plates ending in odd numbers to
buy gas only on odd-numbered days, and those ending in even
numbers on even-numbered days. Those whose plates were all
letters or specially printed had to follow the odd-numbered
plan.
Exceptions were made only for emergencies and out-of-state
drivers. Those who could not get gas were forced to walk,
bike, or skate to work.
This plan was expected to eliminate the long queues at many
service stations. Those who tried to purchase more than twenty
gallons of gas or tried to fill a more than half filled tank
would be fined and possibly imprisoned.

1.- All of the following are true except...

a. Officials hoped that this plan would alleviate


long gas lines
b. A gas limit was imposed
c. California has almost 10 million drivers
d. The governor signed the bill concerning gas
rationing

2.- Those who violated the rationing program...

a. Were forced to walk, bike, or skate to work


b. Were fined and possibly imprisoned
c. Had to wait in long lines
d. Were forced to use odd-numbered days

3.- The gas rationing plan was not binding on

a. Even-numbered license plates


b. Odd-numbered license plates
c. All-lettered plates
d. Out-of-state plates

4.- California was forced to adopt this plan because...

a. A past oil shortage necessitated it


b. Too many drivers were filling their tanks with
more than twenty gallons and spilling it
c. People were not getting enough exercise and need
to walk, bike, or skate
d.- Too many motorists had odd-numbered plates

5.- Even-numbered license plates...

a. Have an even number of digits


b. Have an even number first
1
c. Could end in 2
d. Must end in 2

2
PARAGRAPH B

Not so long ago, Magic Johnson was the poster boy for how
to avoid AIDS. Now he is the man to show people how to deal
with it. "Enjoy life," he says. "Live. Im not just talking
about people with HIV or AIDS, but about people with problems
or handicaps. For people who have HIV, come out and share your
life with somebody and make them feel better. Try to hold it
among parents or brothers or sisters. You carry a lot of
weight when you keep it to yourself."

1.- What did Johnson do not a long time ago ?

a. He made posters
b. He appeared in posters with boys
c. He was used for advertisements
d. He put up posters in the street

2.- What is he doing now ?

a. Hes making a deal with some people


b. He has a show for people with AIDS
c. He is doing deals for shows
d. He gives tips on coping with AIDS

3.- Johnson says :

a. Have a good time


b. Make your life funny
c. Easy does it
d. Be a party pooper

4.- Why should HIV-sufferers come out ?

a. To carry a lot of weight


b. For the sake of their parents
c. To make society reject them
d. To prevent themselves from getting down

5.- From the text, we can presume...

a. Magic Johnson is retiring from the scene


b. HIV-sufferers are living better nowadays
c. Johnson is all for encouraging HIV-sufferers
d. HIV-sufferers families arent willing to help them

3
PARAGRAPH C

Wellington's Peninsula generals included so many


incompetents that the Iron Duke must have wondered sometimes
who was the greater enemy, Napoleon or a British War Office
that saddled him with men like "Black Jack" Slade. Not only
was Major-General Slade known to be inept but he was also a
coward. Wellington in fact only kept him in Spain as the
lesser of two evils, the alternative presented to him being a
yet more egregious blunderer in the person of Sir Granby
Calcraft. It was during the Corunna Campaign of 1809 that
Slade had shown his true colours. Lord Paget reported that
when Slade was ordered to charge with the 10th Hussars he kept
stopping to adjust his stirrup leathers
until the need for the charge had passed.

1.- What did General Slade demonstrate in 1809 ?

a. His leadership
b. His real character
c. The hussars' colours
d. His stirrups

2.- Which statement is not true ?

a.Sir Granby Calcraft was a less efficient commander


than Slade
b.Slade was courageous but incompetent
c.He avoided charging with the Hussars
d.Napoleon was Wellingtons enemy

3.- With what did Slade supposedly have problems during


the charge ?

a. His feet
b. His clothes
c. His hands
d. His timing

4.- Why did Wellington keep Slade in The Peninsula ?

a. Because he was a coy person


b. Because he was a coward
c. Because he disliked his replacement
d. Because he was not evil

5.- What impression do we get of Wellington ?

a. He was spiteful
b. He was inept
c. He was dopey
d. He was tough

4
PARAGRAPH D

In the decade before 1914 moves had been made by most


European armies towards less conspicuous uniforms, the British
setting the pattern with their khaki and the Germans adopting
field-grey. Last to see the wisdom of these changes were the
French, who thought of their uniforms of red kepis (caps), red
trousers, blue jackets and blue greatcoats as quintessentially
Gallic. During the Balkan wars of 1912-13, the French Minister
for War, Adolphe Mssimy, saw the advantage of dull colours
for uniforms which blend in with the background. He decided
that the French armies should have these uniforms in the
future. But reaction inside France was immensely hostile and
he was accused of wanting to dress French soldiers in `muddy,
inglorious' colours.

1.- Which statement is not true :


a. The French used "Gallic" uniforms
b. The Germans were the second to adopt field-grey
uniforms
c. Changes to uniforms were introduced at the dawning
of the century
d. The British were the first to change

2.- How did the French react to Mssimys decision ?


a. They knocked it
b. They fought over it
c. They backed it
d. They put him on trial

3.- What was Mssimy accused of ?


a. Wanting to change red colours
b. Copying Germanys and Britains uniforms
c. Dressing soldiers for glory
d. Dressing soldiers in dirty-looking clothes

4.- What did the French Minister see during the period
1912- 1913 ?
a. The Balkan Wars
b. The necessity for a better blending of men and
earth
c. No need for darker uniforms
d. A need for tainted fabrics in uniforms

5.- How did Mssimy react to dull colours for uniforms ?


a. He put them off
b. He was into them
c. He took them aback
d. He didnt go for them

5
ANSWER SHEET:
Parrafo A comienza " As a result of the ..."

Parrafo B comienza " Not so long ago, Magic..."

1.- C 11.- B 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- B 12.- B 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- D 13.- A 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- A 14.- C 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- C 15.- D 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- D 17.- A 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- A 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- D 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- C 20.- B 30.- 40.- 50.-

6
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

Once again, the Serbian troops which are attacking the


Bosnian City of Bihac have achieved a military victory in a
full challenge to all reasons of justice and vain resolutions
of the United Nations, which to make matters worse, have just
ordered yesterday the fulfillment of a cease-fire officially
declared last Friday in New York, to which the Serbs have
responded with redoubled attacks with Infantry and Heavy
Artillery units, after setting fire to the southern districts
of the city to prevent the return of their neighbors and
especially, to finish off the physical destruction of the
Fifth Army Corps, the most hardened among the Bosnian troops,
technically disappeared in military terms because of the
Serbian offensive.

1.- According to the text...

a. Serbian troops went against U.N. resolutions in


Bihac
b. Serbian troops fulfilled U.N. resolutions in Bihac
c. Serbian troops reasoned with the U.N. for justice
in Bihac
d. Serbian troops challenged justice in vain

2.- The United Nations...

a. Solved the situation by ordering a cease-fire


b. Made the Serbs fulfil an order given last Friday
c. Declared a ceasefire yesterday
d. Caused a setback in the peace process

3.- What was the Serbian response to the U.N.s last


resolution ?

a. They withdrew artillery and infantry units


b. They gave up fighting in southern districts
c. They attacked at double speed
d. They made stronger attacks

4.- What is not true, according to the text ?

a. The U.N. made adequate decisions about Bihac


b. Serbian forces won a victory in spite of justice
c. The Serbian offensive weakened the Fifth Army
Corps
d. The U.N. resolutions accomplished nothing

5.- The Serbian offensive...

a. Was not conducted technically


b. Was designed to destroy the city especially
c. Was the cause of the elimination of the Fifth Army
Corps
d. Strengthened the Fifth Army Corps position
1
2
PARAGRAPH B

But Yeltsin is in a bind. Public opinion is strongly


opposed to any extension, and to have to return to the two-
year rule in force until 1991 would look like a defeat for
army reform. But he has the military brass to keep sweet and a
duty to preserve the ragged remnants of the Soviet military
machine.
The armed forces have numbers on their side. They are short
of 600.000 men, they say. Draft-dodging is epidemic;
only 20 per cent of the last call-up were called up.
Desertion, a devastating loss of prestige and
pitiful salaries have taken a terrible toll.

1.- Whats happening to Yeltsin ?

a. He is inside a barrel
b. He is constrained
c. He cant see the present reality
d. He is isolated

2.- The armed forces...

a. Have figures in their favour


b. Have plenty of short recruits
c. Used to paint numbers on tank sides
d. Need sidearms in great numbers

3.- Yeltsin...

a. Wants military bands to keep playing sweet


b. Prefers sweet talking
c. Has to keep commanders happy
d. Has to preserve the military budget

4.- What does the year 1991 mark ?

a. The end of a two-year rule


b. The extension of force during the year
c. The defeat of army reform
d. The rule of two years of forced employment

5.- The Soviet military machine...

a. Has a permanent duty to perform


b. Preserves its loyalty to Yeltsin
c. Has too many duties at present
d. Is tattered and scrappy

3
PARAGRAPH C

For anyone who wants to rent a general, the place to go


is Military Professional Resources Inc., headquartered in a
squat, red brick office building in Alexandria, Virginia.
Eight years old and with annual revenues of about $12 million,
MPRI is, according to its brochure, "the greatest corporate
assemblage of military expertise in the world." With 160 full-
time employees and some 2,000 retired generals, admirals and
other officers on call, it is making a fair claim. This is the
outfit that the U.S. will probably turn to for help in Bosnia.

1.- Which of the following statements about MPRI


is true ?.

a. It has 2160 full-time employees


b. It has 2000 retired employees
c. It has 2000 officers standing by
d. It has 160 employees working from time to time

2.- What will the U.S. probably do in Bosnia ?

a. Give officers special outfits


b. Do the civilians a turn
c. Make fair claims
d. Call on MPRI for assistance

3.- Which statement is true about the building in


Alexandria, Virginia ?

a. It has squatters
b. The MPRI bosses are based there
c. All MPRI employees work there
d. It is a tall, red building

4.- Who o what says MPRI is "The greatest corporate


assemblage..." ?

a. An MPRI information leaflet


b. An MPRI commercial
c. An MPRI advertisement
d. MPRIs buildings sign

5.- Why is MPRI said to be making a fair claim ?

a. Because of its revenues


b. Because of the U.S.intervention in Bosnia
c. Because it has so many military officers on call
d. Because of its brochure
4
PARAGRAPH D

The whole Resistance myth, Porch claims, was to do with


De Gaulles vision of post-war France. Porch says that De
Gaulle had to convince the French that they had resisted,
otherwise France would be demoralized and incapable of
assuming the great role he envisaged for it. The Resistance
was, therefore, elevated into a necessary myth, an essential
ingredient in forging the national character. " The
Resistance," said De Gaulle, " was just a bluff that came
off."
Resistance has a great influence in French secret services,
and it was a price to pay. Pure intelligence gathering was not
enough. The legacy of the resistance demanded action.

1.- What was De Gaulles opinion about the Resistance ?

a. It was a just cause


b. It was a successful invention
c. It was an inane bluff
d..It was a necessary evil

2.- De Gaulle________a great world role for France


(fill in the blank)

a. Foresaw
b. Feared
c. Prepared
d. Raised

3.- According to the text, what was not enough ?

a. The quality of intelligence


b. The quantity of the intelligence
c. Collecting intelligence only
d. Undeveloped intelligence

4.- According to the text, the whole Resistance Myth...

a. Was created by Porch


b. Was related to De Gaulles views
c. was active in the post-war period
d. None of the above

5.- What is not true, according to the text...

a. Action was required in the secret services


b. The national character was influenced by the
Resistance
c. At the end of the war, the Resistance was
immediately appreciated
d. De Gaulle had to convince the French they had
5
participated

ANSWER SHEET:
Parrafo A comienza " Once again, the Serbian troops..."

Parrafo B comienza " But Yeltsin is ..."

1.- A 11.- C 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- D 12.- D 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- D 13.- B 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- A 14.- A 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- C 15.- C 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- B 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- A 17.- A 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- C 18.- C 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- A 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- D 20.- C 30.- 40.- 50.-

6
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A 31-ALFA

The first use of helicopters to land a sizeable force took place in the summer of 1956, when
the British and French governments decided to send a force to make sure the Suez Canal was kept
open. 415 men and 23 tons of combat stores were landed in 83 minutes, by a small force of
helicopters, giving support to the seaborne assault. Airmobile forces have been widely used since
World War II. In 1982, during operation " corporate ", the "helos" flew many missions, to insert
special force teams into the island, and none were detected by the Argentinean garrisons on East or
West Falkland.

1.- What was one of the main missions for helicopters in 1956 ?.

(A)- To see if the Suez Canal was open.


(B)- To transport troops and equipment.
(C)- To land on a sizeable area.
(D)- To send 23 tons of combatants.

2.- When did helicopters begin to be used in operations ?.

(A)- In the Gulf War.


(B)- In the Falklands conflict.
(C)- In the battle of seaborne.
(D)- After World War II.

3.- What does the word "helos" mean ?.

(A)- The nickname of the operation "corporate" soldiers.


(B)- It is a type of Argentinean helicopter.
(C)- It is another name for helicopters in general.
(D)- It is the name of a special force unit.

4.- What were helicopters used for in the Falklands?

(A)- To send blue helmets into the garrisons.


(B)- To send groups of guerrilla units.
(C)- To transport cargo from ships.
(D)- To prevent detection by the Argentineans.

5.- From the text, we could say that...

(A)- Helicopters are useless combat vehicles.


(B)- Helicopters are a very important support in combat.
(C)- They only used helicopters for infiltration operations.
(D)- The usefulness of helicopters was put into question.

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH B

The way our society is structured affects all human relationships. Outside the home we
have a system of power relationships: worker/employer, individual/state, etc., and most people feel
powerless outside the home to a greater or lesser extent. People can feel particularly powerless if
their specific situation is beyond their control: for example, if they are unemployed, earning a living,
working at unpleasant jobs at unpleasant hours, or if they have to 'be' people they don't want to be
(such as a man 'having' to be a bread-winner or a woman 'having' to be a housewife). The resultant
stresses and strains need outlets.

1.- What is the topic of the paragraph ?.

(A)- Worker/employer relationships.


(B)- The effects of the structure of society on people.
(C)- Types of behaviour in married people.
(D)- Different types of behaviour.

2.- Most people feel powerless outside the home......

(A)- To the extent they can reach.


(B)- Depending on how great they are.
(C)- To some degree or other.
(D)- Up to a certain stress level.

3.- What does 'earning a living' mean ?.

(A)- Stealing food.


(B)- Complaining about their jobs.
(C)- Trying to survive with what they earn.
(D)- Trying to avoid working in this way.

4.- In the text, what does outlet mean ?.

(A)- An exit.
(B)- A failure.
(C)- A toilet.
(D)- Food.

5.- A bread-winner is:

(A)- A good worker.


(B)- An ant.
(C)- A person who sells a lot of bread.
(D)- Someone whose earnings support his/her family.

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH C

From Yorktown in the Revolutionary War to the Yalu River in the Korean War, the U.S.
Army has a long history of successful offensive campaigns. Sherman, Jackson, MacArthur, Bradley
and Patton are names which stand out from a long list of American leaders who were expert in the
attack.
General Grant also understood the essence of offensive operations. Although he could fight
direct and bloody actions when necessary, he was a master of maneuver, speed, and the indirect
approach. His operation south of Vicksburg, called the most brilliant campaign ever fought on
American soil, exemplifies the qualities of a well-conceived, violently executed offensive plan.
The same speed, surprise, maneuver and decisive action will be required to win battles in
the future.

1.- What is the topic of the paragraph ?.

(A)- Fates met by American Generals.


(B)- Airland battles in the coming future.
(C)- Fates carried out by General Grant.
(D)- Feats carried out by American Generals.

2.- What can be said of Bradley ?.

(A)- He did not participate in the Korean War.


(B)- He was a pundit in offensive battle.
(C)- He got rich with the exploitation of soil.
(D)- He participated in the Vicksburg campaign.

3.- What can be said of General Grant ?.

(A)- He was injured in Vicksburg.


(B)- He behaved violently in Vicksburg.
(C)- He was highly skilled in the battlefield.
(D)- He preferred bloody actions instead of maneuver.

4.- What happened in Vicksburg ?.

(A)- General Grant began defending his position.


(B)- General Grant took advantage of the weather conditions to defeat the
enemy.

Error!Marcador no definido.
(C)- General Grant demonstrated his mastery.
(D)- General Grant died in the battle.

5.- What can we learn from the passage ?.

(A)- Victory in the future will require the same virtues as in the past.
(B)- Bloody actions are not necessary to win battles.
(C)- General Jackson and his comrades were clumsy.
(D)- Battles in the future won't require virtues from the past.

PARAGRAPH D

Critics argue that Americas rising weapons sales will turbocharge regional arms races -
66% of all U.S. exports go to the Third World countries, among which are many fragile autocracies
vulnerable to sudden power shifts. While smuggling weapons abroad may delay the Pentagons and
its client industrys shrinkage, it perpetuates an addiction for military privileges. As Randall
Forsberg, director of the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, puts it, "The forces and defense industries needed by the industrial countries are
largely a function of regional arms buildups created by their own arms exports."

1.- There is evidence that...

(A)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to developed countries.


(B)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to underdeveloped countries.
(C)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to fragile autocracies.
(D)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to financially ruined democracies.

2.- How are Third World countries considered in the text ?.

(A)- All of them are easily broken autocracies.


(B)- All of them are fragile democracies.
(C)- Some of their inhabitants do shift-work.
(D)- Some of them are weak regimes.

3.- Smuggling arms abroad benefits:

(A)- Military personnel.


(B)- All industrial countries.
(C)- Forsbergs Institute.
(D)- The Pentagon and its client industry.

4.- Which of the following statements is true ?.

Error!Marcador no definido.
(A)- Mr. Forsberg is the chairman of a U.S. institute.
(B)- Mr. Forsbergs statements go against critics arguments.
(C)- Mr. Forsberg is the director of an American high school.
(D)- Mr. Forsberg is the coach of an American agency.

5.- What can be concluded from this paragraph ?.

(A)- Critics are cheerful about Americas arms sales.


(B)- Mr. Forsberg is a smuggler of arms.
(C)- Critics are looking forward to selling arms deceitfully.
(D)- Critics disapprove of Americas arms sales policy.

ANSWER SHEET:
31-ALFA "The first use of helicopters..."

1.- B 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- D 12.- B 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- C 13.- C 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- B 14.- C 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- B 15.- A 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- B 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
7.- C 17.- D 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- C 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- A 19.- A 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.-D 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

A skunk is a small black animal which has white stripes on its back. People are afraid of
skunks because of a yellow liquid that skunks can shoot out at them. This liquid smells terrible and
is very difficult to remove from your skin and clothes. If this liquid gets on you, you will have to
wash your skin and hair with tomato juice many times so you won't smell bad. You won't be able to
get the smell out of your clothes. You'll have to burn them. Be specially careful at night when they
are used to looking for food.

1.- Why are people afraid of skunks ?

(A)- Because they have white strips.


(B)- Because of the yellow liquid.
(C)- Because they are small animals.
(D)- Because they shoot stripes to your back.

2.- What are the main characteristics of the yellow


liquid ?

(A)- It smells well and it is easy to remove from


clothes.
(B)- It smells bad but it is easy to remove from
your skin.
(C)- It smells bad and it is difficult to remove
from clothes.
(D)- It smells well so nobody wants to remove it from
their clothes.

3.- What is tomato juice used for ?

(A)- To feed the skunks.


(B)- So you can shoot it out at skunks.
(C)- To make yourself smell terrible many times.
(D)- To wash your skin if the liquid gets on you.

4.- What is a solution to remove the liquid from your


clothes ?

(A)- To wash them with tomato juice.


(B)- To burn them.
(C)- To give it away to your best friend.
(D)- To wash them with a special soap.

5.- When should you be more careful to avoid skunks ?

(A)- When you go to buy food.


(B)- All the day.
(C)- When they go out to look for food, which occurs

Error!Marcador no definido.
at night.
(D)- Only at night if you go to look for food.
PARAGRAPH B

When you are in a store, a school, an office, or an


apartment, look up at the ceiling. You may see small metal
plates up there, and this should make you feel safer. These
plates spray water and chemicals when there is a fire in a room
or building. At the same time, an alarm goes off, making a loud
noise. This alarm tells the people to get out of the building.
It also lets the fire department know where the fire is. These
small plates can help to save lives.

1.- If you see a small metal plate in the ceiling of


a room ...

(A)- You are in a school.


(B)- You can suffer.
(C)- You can feel yourself somehow safe.
(D)- There is a fire.

2.- What do these plates do ?

(A)- They make the ceiling more beautiful.


(B)- They make you look up at the ceiling.
(C)- They provoke fire.
(D)- They spray water if there is a fire.

3.- What does the alarm do in case of fire ?

(A)- It begins to sound loud.


(B)- It never works.
(C)- It sprays water.
(D)- It makes you feel safer.

4.- What must people in the building do ?

(A)- They have to look up at the ceiling.


(B)- They have to leave the building.
(C)- They have to see the fire.
(D)- They have to make loud noises.

5.- Who or what tells the fire department there is a fire?

(A)- The first person who phones the fire


department.

Error!Marcador no definido.
(B)- The alarm.
(C)- The sprays.
(D)- The police always do that.

PARAGRAPH C

Polyester is a man-made material. We use it to make many


things- from automobile tires to the clothes we wear. It's a
very strong material. It lasts a long time and is easy to clean.
Polyester and natural materials together make clothes that are
easy to wear in all kinds of weather and climates. People in the
United States use polyester and other man-made materials more
than natural materials. Polyester is also becoming very popular
in other countries. Another reason to use polyester is that it
is really a cheap material.

1.- Polyester...

(A)- Is made of automobile tires.


(B)- Is easily found as a natural product.
(C)- Is a brand of tires and clothes.
(D)- Is a manufactured product.

2.- What are some characteristics of polyester ?

(A)- It is soft but easy to clean.


(B)- It is soft and easy to clean.
(C)- It lasts a long time and it is a very strong
material.
(D)- It needs a lot of time to be cleaned.

3.- Some clothes are made ...

(A)- Of natural materials and mixed with polyester.


(B)- Only of polyester to adapt to all weather
conditions.
(C)- Of polyester but they need to be cleaned.
(D)- Of easy-to-clean polyesters.

4.- Polyester ...

(A)- Is not very used by people in the United States.


(B)- And other manufactured products are widely used
in the United States.
(C)- Is less used in the United States than natural
materials.
(D)- Is only known in the United States.

Error!Marcador no definido.
5.- Polyester is also :

(A)- A natural material.


(B)- Used in computers.
(C)- Becoming an expensive product.
(D)- A very cheap material

PARAGRAPH D

Critics argue that Americas rising weapons sales will


turbocharge regional arms races - 66% of all U.S. exports go to
the Third World countries, among which are many fragile
autocracies vulnerable to sudden power shifts. While smuggling
weapons abroad may delay the Pentagons and its client
industrys shrinkage, it perpetuates an addiction for military
privileges. As Randall Forsberg, director of the Institute for
Defense and Disarmament Studies in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
puts it, "The forces and defense industries needed by the
industrial countries are largely a function of regional arms
buildups created by their own arms exports."

1.- There is evidence that...

(A)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to developed countries.


(B)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to underdeveloped
countries.
(C)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to fragile autocracies.
(D)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to financially ruined
democracies.

2.- How are Third World countries considered in the text ?.

(A)- All of them are easily broken autocracies.


(B)- All of them are fragile democracies.
(C)- Some of their inhabitants do shift-work.
(D)- Some of them are weak regimes.

3.- Smuggling arms abroad benefits:

(A)- Military personnel.


(B)- All industrial countries.
(C)- Forsbergs Institute.
(D)- The Pentagon and its client industry.

4.- Which of the following statements is true ?.

(A)- Mr. Forsberg is the chairman of a U.S. institute.


(B)- Mr. Forsbergs statements go against critics
arguments.
(C)- Mr. Forsberg is the director of an American high
school.
(D)- Mr. Forsberg is the coach of an American agency.

Error!Marcador no definido.
5.- What can be concluded from this paragraph ?.

(A)- Critics are cheerful about Americas arms sales.


(B)- Mr. Forsberg is a smuggler of arms.
(C)- Critics are looking forward to selling arms
deceitfully.
(D)- Critics disapprove of Americas arms sales
policy.

ANSWER SHEET:
31-ALFAbis "A skunk is asmall black..."

1.- B 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- C 12.- C 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- D 13.- A 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- B 14.- B 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- C 15.- D 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- D 17.- D 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- A 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- B 19.- A 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.-B 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
Error!Marcador no definido.
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A 31-BRAVO

Something is killing the clients of a clinic in this Brazilian town. All 126 patients who
underwent dialysis at the Kidney Disease Institute between Feb.13 and Feb.16 fell ill with
symptoms ranging from nausea and blurred vision to convulsions and internal hemorrhaging; by last
week 40 had died and 68 remained hospitalized. Experts believe the outbreak, diagnosed as a
nervous-system infection and toxic hepatitis, was caused by microcystin, which was discovered in
the water and the filters of the dialysis machines. An initial probe found that the clinic had failed to
perform required inspections of the dialysis water and that the staff lacked the qualifications to
operate the machinery.

1.- All 126 patients who ......... at the Kidney Disease Institute fell ill.

(A)- were diagnosed as dialethics.


(B)- received dialysis treatment.
(C)- remained hospitalized.
(D)- died of dialysis.

2.- What was one of the symptoms of the disease ?.

(A)- Bleeding.
(B)- Hepatitis.
(C)- Microcystin.
(D)- Blindness.

3.- Who thinks the illnesses were caused by microcystin ?.

(A)- Specialists in the field.


(B)- Dialysis machine operators.
(C)- Nurses who were not sufficiently qualified.
(D)- Someone who did not permit them to work.

4.- What was discovered in the machines ?.

(A)- There was a probe in the water.


(B)- A substance in the liquids and filters.
(C)- An infection in their nervous system.
(D)- Huge particles causing blockages.

5.- What could be said about the clinics staff ?.

(A)- They killed 40 clients on purpose.


(B)- They provoked an outbreak in the machinery.
(C)- They didnt know how to handle the machinery properly.
(D)- They didnt know anything about blurred vision and so on.

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH B

The three-day business conference of 500 or so participants is deliberately timed to coincide


with UNCTAD IX, a high level intergovernmental conference ( with its estimated 3000 participants
) that will be taking place over a two-week period at the same venue in South Africa and whose
agenda focuses on issues of globalization, liberalization and enterprise development. Many heads of
government and Ministers of Trade, Industry, Commerce and Finance will attend the global
intergovernmental gathering, and an opportunity will therefore be provided for regional
businessmen and top executives of transnational corporations to interact with the key policy
formulators and decision makers in both Africa and the rest of the world.

1.- From the text, we understand that...

(A).- Both conferences will take place in the same avenue.


(B).- Both conferences will be developed in three days.
(C).- Both conferences will take place at the same time.
(D).- Both conferences will be prepared by UNCTAD CO.

2.- What is the UNCTAD IX?

(A).- A trademark.
(B).- A play.
(C).- A briefing.
(D).- A summit.

3.- What is focused on issues of globalization ?

(A).- The menu.


(B).- The diary.
(C).- The program.
(D).- The dietary.

4.- Who will go, among others, to the intergovernmental gathering ?.

(A).- Many trade union leaders.


(B).- Representatives of several States and Nations.
(C).- African shop-owners.
(D).- South African decision makers.

Error!Marcador no definido.
5.- What opportunity will the managers of businesses probably have?

(A).- To have interactive ideas.


(B).- To communicate with important decision makers.
(C).- To learn how to globalize enterprises.
(D).- To see what policies and decisions will be made by
businessmen and top executives.

PARAGRAPH C

Critics argue that Americas rising weapons sales will turbocharge regional arms races -
66% of all U.S. exports go to the Third World countries, among which are many fragile autocracies
vulnerable to sudden power shifts. While smuggling weapons abroad may delay the Pentagons and
its client industrys shrinkage, it perpetuates an addiction for military privileges. As Randall
Forsberg, director of the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, puts it, "The forces and defense industries needed by the industrial countries are
largely a function of regional arms buildups created by their own arms exports."

1.- There is evidence that...

(A)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to developed countries.


(B)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to underdeveloped countries.
(C)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to fragile autocracies.
(D)- 66 % of U.S. exports go to financially ruined democracies.

2.- How are Third World countries considered in the text ?.

(A)- All of them are easily broken autocracies.


(B)- All of them are fragile democracies.
(C)- Some of their inhabitants do shift-work.
(D)- Some of them are weak regimes.

3.- Smuggling arms abroad benefits:

(A)- Military personnel.


(B)- All industrial countries.
(C)- Forsbergs Institute.
(D)- The Pentagon and its client industry.

4.- Which of the following statements is true ?.

Error!Marcador no definido.
(A)- Mr. Forsberg is the chairman of a U.S. institute.
(B)- Mr. Forsbergs statements go against critics arguments.
(C)- Mr. Forsberg is the director of an American high school.
(D)- Mr. Forsberg is the coach of an American agency.

5.- What can be concluded from this paragraph ?.

(A)- Critics are cheerful about Americas arms sales.


(B)- Mr. Forsberg is a smuggler of arms.
(C)- Critics are looking forward to selling arms deceitfully.
(D)- Critics disapprove of Americas arms sales policy.

PARAGRAPH D

At that moment Fort Wagner became a mass of fire, from which poured a stream of rubble
and shell. Just a brief break, and the deafening explosions of cannon were renewed, mingled with
the crash and rattle of musketry. A sheet of flame, followed by a running fire, like electric sparks,
destroyed the parapet. When this tempest of war came, before which men fell in numbers on every
side, the only response the Fifty-fourth made to the deadly challenge was to change step to the
double-quick, that it might the sooner close with the foe. There had been no stop, pause, or check
at any period of the advance, nor was there now.

1.- Although not stated openly, there is evidence that...

(A)- General Wagner finally died.


(B)- The Fifty-fourth regiment retreated after the bombing.
(C)- There was a short pause before cannons went on shooting.
(D)- The Fifty-fourth regiment changed its mind and retreated.

2.- What happened after the short interval of quiet ?.

(A)- The cannons were replaced.


(B)- Musketry was shabby and dirty.
(C)- The fire reached the parapet.
(D)- The enemy surrendered.

Error!Marcador no definido.
3.- What was the purpose of changing step ?.

(A)- To flee from the enemy.


(B)- To become a friend of the enemy.
(C)- To appeal the enemy.
(D)- To approach the enemy.

4.- How can this tempest of war be considered ?.

(A)- an innocuous challenge.


(B)- a harmless attack.
(C)- a deadly attack.
(D)- a twisted provocation.

5.- What could be the topic of the passage ?.

(A)- The feats of General Wagner.


(B)- Pyromaniacs in the First World War.
(C)- A fire in Fort Wagner.
(D)- The assault on Fort Wagner.

ANSWER SHEET:

31-BRAVO

1.-B 11.- B 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.-A 12.- D 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.-A 13.- D 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.-B 14.- A 24.- 34.- 44.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
5.-C 15.- D 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.-C 16.- C 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.-D 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.-C 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.-B 19.- C 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.-B 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

On winter nights, accidents often take place because a driver doesn't know there is ice
or snow on the road. Now there's a new item that tells a driver the temperature of the road
ahead. This tells him there might be ice or snow on the road. The new item is made of a
material that changes color with the temperature. It's put on a wood or metal pole next to the
road, and a driver can see the color because of the car's headlights. Green shows temperatures
above 45 degrees F, yellow shows temperatures around 37 degrees F, and orange and red
show lower temperatures.

1.- What is the subject of the paragraph ?.

(A)- Don't drive on ice.


(B)- Temperatures to drive better.
(C)- Another way to prevent car accidents.
(D)- Temperature changes the color of the roads.

2.- What problem could be found by a driver while driving on winter nights ?.

(A)- He can't use the headlights of his car.


(B)- It is difficult to know if there is ice or snow.
(C)- He never wants to know if there is ice or snow.
(D)- It is difficult to know if there is wood on the ground.

3.- What is the mentioned item made of?.

(A)- Green, yellow, orange and red colors.


(B)- Ice and snow.
(C)- A material which changes color.
(D)- Wood or metal.

4.- According to the text:

(A)- It is dangerous to drive if the temperature is


44 F.
(B)- It is dangerous to drive if the color is red or orange.
(C)- It is dangerous to drive if the item shows a color.
(D)- It is dangerous to drive if the road is nice or snowed.

5.- As a conclusion:

(A)- This system will decrease the ice on the roads.


(B)- This system is going to improve safety on winter nights.
(C)- This system will increase accidents related to cars.

1
(D)- Drivers will not like this system.

PARAGRAPH B

The effectiveness and efficiency of ATGMs result from their design, manoeuvrability,
rate of fire, guidance system and penetrating power. The first generation was slow, wire
guided and required the operator to track the target continuously. The second generation
requires only that the operator keep his target on the aiming mark. The more recent laser
seeking missiles, such as the US Hellfire or the Soviet Spiral, need a ground or airborne laser
designator to mark the target. Each of the current guidance systems has some disadvantages.
Lasers have difficulty in penetrating smoke or fog and they can be detected and attacked.
Systems using infra-red seekers can be decoyed by flares or burning vehicles.

1.- What could ATGMs stand for ?.

(A)- Antitank Gun Machines.


(B)- Antitank Gained Measures.
(C)- Antitank Guided Missiles.
(D)- Antitank Great Missiles.

2.- What does the second generation need ?.

(A)- The gunner has to overcome the target.


(B)- The gunner has to line up the sights on target.
(C)- The operator has to paint the target.
(D)- The operator has to hold the launcher firmly.

3.- What could be said comparing the 1st. and the 2nd. generations ?

(A)- The first one needs more people to operate the system.
(B)- The 2nd. generation's systems require the operator to align the target with
aiming mark.
(C)- The first generation require a slow operator.
(D)- The second needs lasers to solve fog problems.

4.- What is the best guidance system currently ?

(A)- Laser ones because they pass through fog easily.


(B)- The first one because the second needs more time to hit the target.
(C)- The first one because the second is wire guided.
(D)- Each one has its disadvantages and advantages.

5.- Which is a problem of the infra-red system ?

(A)- They can be diverted by heat sources.

2
(B)- The second generation has a laser system.
(C)- The magazine allows a high rate of fire.
(D)- They lack a guidance system.

PARAGRAPH C

Land mines are the lethal detritus of 20th-century warfare. Indiscriminate, all but
permanent, ever cheaper and increasingly hard to detect, they impede efforts to put a country
back together after the shooting stops. And not just Bosnia, where millions of high-tech mines
lie hidden - and where 35 NATO soldiers have been injured and seven killed by mines this
year. In Cambodia, Angola, Mozambique and Afghanistan, peasants often must risk their
lives to earn a living; huge fertile areas are left as wastelands.
The problem is staggering. Up to 110 million active mines are scattered in 64 countries.
The toll: 2,000 victims a month.

1.- What is the topic of the passage ?.

(A)- Hazards faced by rustics.


(B)- The amount of debris in developing countries.
(C)- Scattering mines costs a huge amount of money.
(D)- Land mines and their perils.

2.- What can be said about land mines ?.

(A)- They are virtually permanent.


(B)- They are almost twisted.
(C)- They do not beleaguer efforts to rebuild a country.
(D)- They are difficult to catch up with.

3.- What has happened in the countries mentioned ?

(A)- Mines have been found in wastelands.


(B)- Mines have caused 64 casualties this year.
(C)- It is impossible to plough the land.
(D)- 2,000 victims per year are reported.

4.- Ater the shooting stops...

(A)- The Country goes back in time.


(B)- Fertile areas provide a huge amount of fruits.
(C)- It is hard to rebuild the country.
(D)- Peasants are able to live a normal life.

5.- What kind of mines were hidden in bosnia?

3
(A)- Very cheap ones.
(B)- A lot of the most advanced ones.
(C)- Approximately 2,000.
(D)- The ones made by NATO.

PARAGRAPH D

Honeymoons rarely last and the joy of faxing has long since disappeared. People take
it for granted. They complain as they fight with a new roll and are positively irate when they
find that vital faxes stored in the filing cabinet have been turned into blank pieces of paper.
Progress waits for no machine. Companies dont want bulky copiers taking over a
corner of the office. You have to buy to keep up, flitting from one technological romance to
another. But do you really need the latest Pentium?.
One of the financial banes of office life is deciding what to buy.

1.- Which of the following topics is discussed in the text?

(A).- Recycling.
(B).- Technical changes in the workplace.
(C).- Extra-marital affairs.
(D).- Shopping in department stores.

2.- According to the text, faxing:

(A).- no longer exists.


(B).- is quite enjoyable.
(C).- is less popular now.
(D).- is always vital.

3.- What happens to the machine in the paragraph ?

(A).- They last forever.


(B).- They are waiting to be fixed.
(C).- They get old too fast.
(D).- They get out of order very often.

4.- Which of the following statements is true?

(A).- Companies prefer big copying machines.


(B).- You wont be up-to-date unless you buy new equipment.
(C).- Extra-marital relationships are common in offices.
(D).- Office corners are prepared for new machines.

5.- According to the text, it seems that...

4
(A).- It is important to have romances.
(B).- It is easy to decide what to buy.
(C).- Mr. Pentium is in charge of computers.
(D).- Changing the equipment could always be not necessary.

ANSWER SHEET:

31-CHARLIE

1.- C 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- B 12.- A 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- C 13.- C 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- B 14.- C 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- B 15.- B 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- B 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- B 18.- C 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- D 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- A 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

5
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

In Afghanistan conscripts were never sent directly to the front; they had to undergo
two months of preparation at special training camps located in regions of the Soviet Union
where climate and terrain closely resembled the conditions they would encounter once they
went into action. In Chechnya I met young boys sent off to war almost immediately after they
were drafted. One brigade, which arrived directly from Siberia, was dispatched into Grozny at
night, knowing nothing of the city, in a fog so thick you could barely see 10 steps ahead. After
10 hours of fighting, only three of its 20 tanks managed to get out of the city intact.

1.- According to the text, it is possible to state that...

(A)- Conscripts did not have to fight in Afghanistan.


(B)- There were no differences between Afghanistan and
Chechnya in conscription policies.
(C)- Conscripts in Afghanistan had to pass through nice situations.
(D)- In Chechnya, conscripts were sent too early to war.

2.- What happened in Grozny ?.

(A)- The brigade was acquainted with the city.


(B)- The brigade set off at dawn.
(C)- Visibility was poor on the night in question.
(D)- The fighting did not cause any damage to the unit.

3.- In Chechnya boys were ...

(A)- Allowed to pilot helicopters.


(B)- Withdrawn from the front early on.
(C)- Summoned for military service.
(D)- Forced to do two-year training courses.

4.- What was the weather like in Grozny ?.

(A)- It was difficult to see without glasses.


(B)- It was cloudy, but only in the early morning.
(C)- The ground was parched.
(D)- It was very humid at night.

5.- Which of the following statements is true ?.

(A)- Troops in afghanistan had better training.


(B)- Outlaws in Afghanistan were executed.
(C)- After fighting in Grozny one brigade was sent to Siberia.

1
(D)- Young boys were drafted after they were dispatched into combat zones.

PARAGRAPH B

Good news for budget travelers interested in connections among three of Europe's
most popular capital cities. Cityzap, a speedy, low-cost motor coach service just launched by
European Bus, offers twice daily nonstop trips that link Paris, London and Amsterdam. Travel
time on the Paris-London and Paris-Amsterdam routes averages six hours; allow an hour
longer for the London-Amsterdam run. The one-way fare between any two of the three cities
is $49; round-trip is $86. A three-city circuit ticket is also available at $135. By contrast, a one-
way London-Paris second-class rail trip on the Eurostar ( a three-hour ride) costs as much as
$129.

1.- What is the name of the bus company ?

(A)- Eurostar.
(B)- Cityzap.
(C)- European Bus.
(D)- Inter-city Bus.

2.- London-Amsterdam takes....:

(A)- An average of one hour.


(B)- A little more than an hour.
(C)- About seven hours.
(D)- About five hours.

3.- Going by train from London to Paris......:

(A)- Takes less time but it is more expensive.


(B)- Takes less time and it is cheaper.
(C)- Takes more time but it is cheaper.
(D)- Takes more time and it is more expensive.

4.- What is the name of the service which has been brought in by the company ?

(A)- Eurostar.
(B)- Cityzap.
(C)- European Bus.
(D)- Inter-city Bus.

5.- What would be the price of the following trip: Paris-Amsterdam-Paris aboard
Cityzap ?

(A)- $98.

2
(B)- $129.
(C)- $135.
(D)- $86.

PARAGRAPH C

Combat Radio networks are based on the use of light manpack radio sets, either using
VHF ( the military band goes from 30 MHz up to 90 MHz, the Warsaw Pact radio sets start
from 20 MHz ) or HF ( from 3 MHZ to 30 MHz ). Frequency hopping and burst transmission
are commonly used. When using burst transmission, the radio messages are automatically
compressed and emitted in bursts. At the receiver's end an electronic device unscrambles the
message back to its previous format. This procedure provides encoded and short time
broadcasting but requires wide band transceivers and some means of synchronization and
error correction. Operational trials have shown that these are the key in systems using digital
techniques.

1.- Which one of the following is true ?

(A)- American Combat Radios use only the VHF band.


(B)- Russian Radios start from 2 MHz.
(C)- Nobody uses HF in Combat Radios, except in the Warsaw Pact.
(D)- The HF band ( from 3 MHz to 30 MHz ) is used in Combat Radios.

2.- According to the text...

(A)- Radio sets need flashlights to work properly.


(B)- Operators pack radios in plastic bags.
(C)- combat radios can be carried by a single man.
(D)- Radios failed operational tests.

3.- What does the term burst transmission stand for ?

(A)- The operator don't need to write the message.


(B)- The radio sets should be put under pressure.
(C)- The radio sends the messages by groups of words.
(D)- The operator sends the messages from time to time.

4.- What is an advantage of the system ?.

(A)- It needs a heavy vehicle for transportation.


(B)- It uses big transceivers.
(C)- The operator has to synchronize the errors.
(D)- It needs a short time for transmission.

5.- What is a disadvantage of the procedure ?.

3
(A)- Mistakes must be corrected.
(B)- It doesn't need any synchronization.
(C)- It uses digital techniques.
(D)- It provides short time broadcasting.

PARAGRAPH D

Honeymoons rarely last and the joy of faxing has long since disappeared. People take
it for granted. They complain as they fight with a new roll and are positively irate when they
find that vital faxes stored in the filing cabinet have been turned into blank pieces of paper.
Progress waits for no machine. Companies dont want bulky copiers taking over a
corner of the office. You have to buy to keep up, flitting from one technological romance to
another. But do you really need the latest Pentium?.
One of the financial banes of office life is deciding what to buy.

1.- Which of the following topics is discussed in the text?

(A).- Recycling.
(B).- Technical changes in the workplace.
(C).- Extra-marital affairs.
(D).- Shopping in department stores.

2.- According to the text, faxing:

(A).- no longer exists.


(B).- is quite enjoyable.
(C).- is less popular now.
(D).- is always vital.

3.- What happens to the machine in the paragraph ?

(A).- They last forever.


(B).- They are waiting to be fixed.
(C).- They get old too fast.
(D).- They get out of order very often.

4.- Which of the following statements is true?

(A).- Companies prefer big copying machines.


(B).- You wont be up-to-date unless you buy new equipment.
(C).- Extra-marital relationships are common in offices.
(D).- Office corners are prepared for new machines.

5.- According to the text, it seems that...

4
(A).- It is important to have romances.
(B).- It is easy to decide what to buy.
(C).- Mr. Pentium is in charge of computers.
(D).- Changing the equipment could always be not necessary.

ANSWER SHEET:

31-DELTA "In Afghanistan..."

1.- D 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- C 12.- C 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- C 13.- C 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- D 14.- D 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- A 15.- A 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- C 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- A 18.- C 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- B 19.- B 29.- 39.- 49.-


5
10.- D 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

6
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

People have been eating cheese for hundreds of years. In


some parts of the world, people eat cheese more frequently
than meat. Cheese comes from milk, and it has all the things
for good health that milk has. A long time ago, Greek sports
players ate cheese to become strong. There are about 500 kinds
of cheese. Most cheeses come from the milk of cows, but some
come from the milk of other animals like sheep. Years ago,
workers made cheese on the farm where the cows were. Now,
workers make cheese in big shops.

1.- What is true about the paragraph ?

(A)- People who eat cheese live hundreds of years.


(B)- People have been eating cheese for a short
number of years.
(C)- People have been eating cheese for a long time.
(D)- Making cheese takes hundreds of years.

2.- In some parts of the world ...

(A)- People eat more quantities of cheese than meat.


(B)- People eat cheese and meat together.
(C)- People eat more cheese than milk.
(D)- People eat cheese more often than meat.

3.- Cheese is healthy ...

(A)- Because it has the good things that milk has.


(B)- Because it has the good things that meat has.
(C)- Only when it comes from Greek milk.
(D)- Only if you eat it with milk.

4.- According to the text ...

(A)- Greek people at present eat cheese to become


strong.
(B)- There was, a long time ago, a famous brand
called "500 kinds".
(C)- We currently have around 500 types of cheese.
(D)- Sports players must eat different kinds of
cheese.

5.- Cheeses come ...

(A)- Mainly from cow's milk but also from sheep's


milk.
(B)- From all type of animals.
1
(C)- Only from milk of cows.
(D)- From about 500 kinds of cows.

PARAGRAPH B

Going suddenly from a lighted area into darkness is a


common experience. This occurs on entering a movie theater
during the day or on leaving a lighted room at night. In each
example, the sensations are the same. At first, almost nothing
can be seen. After several minutes, details of the
surroundings can be seen and identified. This gradual
adjusting of the eyes to the dark is called dark adaptation.
Dark adaptation is different from visual illusion which
occurs when your eyes may see things that are not true.
An example of visual illusion is to confuse ground lights
with stars at night.

1.- What sensation can be felt when entering suddenly in


a movie theater ?

(A)- You can see stars instead of lights.


(B)- The same as being in a lighted room.
(C)- It is very common to have little visibility.
(D)- Nobody has any sensation when doing that.

2.- Adaptation to the darkness ...

(A)- Takes a little time.


(B)- Is almost impossible.
(C)- Needs a lot of hours.
(D)- Only occurs in a movie theatre.

3.- What is dark adaptation ?

(A)- It is what you see while in a lighted room.


(B)- It is the name of a movie theatre.
(C)- It is what occurs when you see absolutely
nothing.
(D)- It is the adaptation of the eyes to the
darkness.

4.- Dark adaptation and visual illusion ...

(A)- Always occur both together.


(B)- Only occur when you enter in a cinema.
(C)- Are not the same.
(D)- Are related to virtual reality.

5.- Seeing a lake just in the middle of the desert may


be ...

(A)- An example of desert adaptation.


2
(B)- An example of visual illusion.
(C)- An example of dark adaptation.
(D)- Something that always occurs.

PARAGRAPH C

Statistics resulting from earthquakes show that the


majority of the deaths are caused by collapsing buildings,
bridges, walls, or other structures. In the San Francisco
earthquake of 1906, most of the damage was caused by the fires
that followed, a fact which proved the need to protect firemen
and their equipment. The necessity of having well-trained
rescue workers (including large groups of volunteers, not just
professionals like firemen, policemen, and medical personnel)
emerged.
It made private citizens able to rescue or help many
victims before the professional emergency personnel arrived in
subsequent disasters.

1.- What is the main topic of this paragraph ?

(A)- Not only firemen but others can help in rescue


activities.
(B)- How to create a fire-department.
(C)- Studies of the deaths resulting from all
natural disasters.
(D)- What to do in case an earthquake surprises us.

2.- What was a danger after the 1906 San Francisco


earthquake?

(A)- The collapsed buildings and other structures.


(B)- Professionals like firemen, medical personnel
etc...
(C)- The fires that follow it.
(D)- The big amount of deaths.

3.- What seemed to be necessary too ?

(A)- To reinforce the bridges.


(B)- To throw firemen equipment away.
(C)- Not having earthquakes any more.
(D)- To prepare additional rescue teams.

4.- What was noticed after the earthquake in 1906 ?

(A)- It wasn't neccesary to put out fires


(B)- Firemen were strongly needed
(C)- Exclusively professional workers were required
(D)- Most part of the deaths occurred in fires

3
5.- What happened in subsequent disasters ?

(A)- The structures of buildings weren't damaged.


(B)- Private citizens were able to rescue or assist
victims.
(C)- The professional emergency personnel arrived
before those trained private citizens.
(D)- The professional emergency personnel never
arrived soon.

PARAGRAPH D

Last week this bleak land (Jordan) was the focus for ll
a
the tensions of the Middle East. Its 150,000 Arab refugees
were the area's most corrosive concentration of hatred for
Israel. Its Arab Legion was the Middle East's finest force,
whose allegiance could sharply tilt the whole area's
precarious balance. Egypt noticed it and played venomously on
the bitterness of its refugees. The British strove to maintain
their slipping hold on this onetime docile ward. At the center
of these clutching pressures was the slim, short, 20-year-old
who is King of Jordan. The British used to call Hussein "a
nice little King". Now since he fired Britain's Lieut. General
John Bagot Glubb as head of the Arab Legion, they are not so
sure. Neither, apparently is Hussein.

1.- According to the paragraph...

(A)- The refugees were corrupted.


(B)- There were 150,000 Arab refugees in Jordan.
(C)- Jordan had an exuberant landscape.
(D)- There were 150,000 Arab refugees in Israel.

2.- What can be said about the Arab Legion ?

(A)- They were defeated by Egypt.


(B)- They behaved like cowards.
(C)- It was the best army in the Middle East.
(D)- They were poisoned by the Egyptians.

3.- What can be said about the British ?

(A)- They maintained their pressure on the Israelis.


(B)- They provided sheep to the Arabs.
(C)- The Egyptians betrayed them.
(D)- They tried to control Jordan.

4.- What happened with King Hussein ?

(A)- He dismissed a top level officer.


(B)- He ordered Gen. Bagot to crush the Israelis.
(C)- He cut Gen. Bagot's head off.
4
(D)- The British changed their mind about Israel.

5.- What could the arab Legion do ?

(A)- Change Egypt's role in the Middle East.


(B)- Produce the dismissal of a British General.
(C)- Put pressure on the british.
(D)- Unbalance the military situation in the area.

ANSWER SHEET:

31-delta.bis.maqull.

"People have been eaten..."

1.- C 11.- A 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- D 12.- C 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- A 13.- D 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- C 14.- B 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- A 15.- B 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- C 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- A 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- D 18.- D 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- C 19.- A 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- B 20.- D 30.- 40.- 50.-

5
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

Not all young actors who reach stardom before their


fourteenth birthday receive offers to play as interesting a
character as Iris, the young prostitute in Taxi Driver (1976), as
happened to Jodie Foster. Not only did the role result in her
first Oscar nomination, it opened the doors to the adult film
world for the budding actress.
Jodie Foster did not experience the rejection from the film
public that many child actors encounter when they cease to be
children. The audiences who were charmed by Shirley Temple's
smile would never have accepted her in the role of an ordinary
streetwalker, which is exactly what happened when Shirley cut
off her ringlets, film producers dared only to offer her sugar-
coated adolescent roles.

1. Jodie Foster...
a. Was fourteen when she was offered the role of
Iris.
b. Played the part of a prostitute called Iris.
c. First became famous for her role as Iris.
d. Was too young to play the part of Iris.

2. Jodie Foster...
a. Won her first Oscar for her part in "Taxi
Driver".
b. Joined the adult film world in order to get an
Oscar
c. Was nominated for an Oscar for her acting in
"Taxi Driver".
d. Thought she would get an Oscar when she was
forteen.

3. Many child actors...


a. Wanted to play the part of Iris in "Taxi Driver".
b. Have encountered success like Jodie Foster has.
c. Have more acting experience than Jodie Foster
had.
d. Are not accepted by the public once they've grown
up.

4. Shirley Temple...
a. Said she would never play the part of a
prostitute.
b. Was a charming but ordinary actress.
c. Cut off her ringlets in order to get more offers
in films.
d. Did not get offers of roles like that of Iris.

5. Jodie Foster and Shirley Temple...


a. Have a lot in common but have never met.
b. Got different types of roles as teenagers.
c. Have both been rejected in the Oscar nominations.
d. Don't accept film producers'attitudes towards
actors.

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH B

What we are getting from the sillier kind of baby owners is


a nasty mixture of guilt and arrogance. The guilt stems from the
fact that a lot of middle class parents feel they were a tiny
bit late having little Jack, and theyd better accord him full
European Court human rights from day one. At a New Years Eve
party last weekend all the babies sleeping in their carrycots
were awakened at five to midnight so that they too could
celebrate the start of 1996.
The arrogance is the worst bit. Babies are being worn as
medals to boast of their parents fecundity, with the obligatory
streak of puke on the jacket lapel as a bar.

1.- When was the text most probably written ?

a. At five to twelve at night


b. The first weekend of 1996
c. On New Years Eve
d. The last weekend of 1995

2.- According to the text, what is the origin of the


guilt ?

a. Parents being middle-class


b. Teenage pregnacies
c. Parents feelings about the right age to give birth
d. All of the above

3.- What is happening to babies ?

a. They are used for bragging by parents


b. They are exhausted
c. There is a low fecundity level
d. They are arrogant

4.- What is worn as a mark of recognition ?

a. A jacket lapel
b. A stripe of vomit
c. The arrogance
d. None of the above

5.- What do parents do because they feel guilty ?

a. Have more than one child


b. Join human rights groups
c. Buy their children unnecessary things
d. Fuss too much over their kids

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH C

Torrential rainfall pelting down on a corrugated-iron roof


jolted specialist Jason Andrews from sleep on New Years
morning. " God, Im still here ", was the first thought that
occurred to the 23-year-old from Winter Haven, Florida. It was
not a particularly pleasant way to start the New Year for any of
the nearly 2,000 troops who arrived at Tuzla air base as the
vanguard of U.S. peace enforcers. Over the previous two weeks,
the U.S. army's hurry-up-and-wait tradition had been borne out
amply and with sore discomfort as units of the first Armored
Division were ordered to roll south on the double from Germany.

1.- What startled specialist Andrews ?

a. His sleep on New Year's morning


b. Torrential rainfall in the morning
c. The corrugated-iron
d. The noise overhead

2.- What's the U.S. army tradition ?

a. To do things carefully
b. To rush for no reason
c. To do things in a good mood
d. To wait too long

3.- What was the outcome of this tradition ?

a. Units were ordered to move south


b. It caused slight discomfort to Units
c. It caused painful inconveniences to Units
d. None of the above

4.- How did the 1st Armored Division come from Germany ?

a. Rolling on the highway


b. With double rations
c. At maximum speed
d. Completely borne out

5.- What is true about the paragraph ?

a. 1st Armored division started to move around


December, 20th
b. 2000 troops exactly arrived to Tuzla air base
c. The 1st Armored division sent 2000 troops to Tuzla
d. The 1st Armored division headed off to Germany

Error!Marcador no definido.
PARAGRAPH D

A definitive account written by an acknowledged authority,


drawing upon unrivalled knowledge of archive sources and
extensive personal exploration of the battlefields. Detailed
examination of the fighting men of both sides, and of their
bloody meeting; illustrated with rare contemporary photographs,
maps, and superb colour plates commissioned from two artists who
are themselves respected authorities in this field. Excellent
value... an indispensable reference, recommended without
hesitation, it displaces all predecessors as the authoritative
work...

1.- This paragraph refers to...

a. A history class
b. A book about a military campaign
c. A picture contest book
d. A set of army regulations

2.- The two plate artists were chosen because they are:
a. commissioned
b. explorers
c. very familiar with the subject
d. fighters

3.- What is the meaning of the second phrase ?


(drawing...battlefields)

a. The drawings are superb


b. A knowledge of drawing was required
c. The knowledge of the subject is
second to none
d. the descriptions have been depicted in drawings

4.- The text described in this paragraph is based on:

a. Archive investigation and battlefield visits


b. Drawings by authorised artists
c. Bloody meetings
d. Written accounts of war and peace

5.- It contains a " detailed examination"

a. On both sides of the pages


b. Of pictures on the front and back
c. Of the two factions and their engagements
d. Of the meetings for peace

Error!Marcador no definido.
ANSWER SHEET:
Paragraph A begins: "Not all young actors..."

Paragraph B begins: "What we are getting from..."

1.- B 11.- D 21.- 31.- 41.-

2.- C 12.- B 22.- 32.- 42.-

3.- D 13.- C 23.- 33.- 43.-

4.- D 14.- C 24.- 34.- 44.-

5.- B 15.- A 25.- 35.- 45.-

6.- B 16.- B 26.- 36.- 46.-

7.- C 17.- C 27.- 37.- 47.-

8.- A 18.- C 28.- 38.- 48.-

9.- B 19.- A 29.- 39.- 49.-

10.- D 20.- C 30.- 40.- 50.-

Error!Marcador no definido.
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The infantry battalion is the infantry division/separate brigade's basic maneuver


unit. It is unique in its capability to rapidly move by air or sea to any point on the globe.
Tactical mobility may be augmented by aircraft, helicopters, naval craft, and ground
transportation. The battalion is normally supported by field and air defense artillery,
tactical fight bombers, and engineers. As required, tanks, attack helicopters, and naval
gunfire are made available to the battalion. It has some organic logistical capabilities, but
for extended operations relies heavily on support from outside sources.

The battalion always fights as part of a brigade. It must be proficient in several


aspects of combat in order to fight and win. First, it must see the enemy and the
battlefield better than the enemy sees it. It must move to new positions by the most
protected (covered and concealed) routs. As the enemy will frequently outnumber our
troops, it is essential that we override his numerical superiority by massing combat power
at the right times and the critical points. The battalion must suppress enemy weapons that
can interfere with its fire and maneuver.

And finally it must destroy enough of the enemy's force to make him abandon his
attack, yield a defense position, or withdraw from an area vital to friendly forces.
PARAGRAPH B

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the
sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on
earth.

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter


penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a
wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may
account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a penumbra registers 5,500 K, and
the granules outside the spot are 6,000 K.

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas
stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 per cent of the spots are large enough that
they can be seen without instruments; consequentely observations of sunspots have been
recorded for several thousand years.

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred
spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots
of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic
field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spots size.

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of
sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the
lines of longitude from the north and south poles to the sun.
.

PARAGRAPH A

1.- What special quality does the infantry battalion have ?

(A) - It is the only military unit capable of being moved by air or sea.
(B) - It is the only military unit which works separately from its brigade.
(C) - The capability of being moved anywhere by air or sea.
(D) - It is a unit that maneuvers basically with aircrafts and naval crafts.

2.- How can the infantry battalion increase its tactical mobility ?

(A) - By being supported with different transportation means.


(B) - By moving it to any point of the globe.
(C) - By keeping it apart from its brigade.
(D) - By augmenting its tactical responsibility.

3.- The fact that an infantry battalion is supported by fighter bombers, engineers etc ... :

(A) - Is considered normal.


(B) - Is not common.
(C) - Is not considered tactically good.
(D) - Is never considered.

4.- Support of tanks, attack helicopters and naval gunfire is ...:

(A) - Tactically impossible.


(B) - Always given to the battalion.
(C) - Given to other units by the infantry battalion.
(D) - Possible if required.

5.- The infantry battalion ...:

(A) - Has logistical capabilities even for extended operations.


(B) - Doesn't have any logistical capability.
(C) - Needs logistic support in long-lasting operations.
(D) - Has logistic capability for all types of operations.
6.- According to the text, we can say that ...:

(A) - The infantry battalion always combats separately from its brigade.
(B) - The brigade always fights according to the battalion orders.
(C) - The infantry battalion sometimes combats as part of its brigade.
(D) - The infantry battalion maneuvers following the brigade orders.

7.- To fight and win, a battalion must be trained in ...:

(A) - Looking for better routes than those used by the enemy.
(B) - Seeing, moving, suppressing and destroying the enemy.
(C) - Moving through routes to be seen by the enemy.
(D) - Piloting its tanks, helicopters and naval crafts.

8.- Select the correct statement.

(A) - It is not normal for the enemy to outnumber our troops.


(B) - It is essential for the enemy to outnumber our troops.
(C) - It is essential for the battalion to override the numerical superiority of the
enemy.
(D) - The battalion always outnumbers the enemy.

9.- Why must the battalion suppress enemy weapons ?

(A) - To override the enemy's numerical superiority.


(B) - To fire and maneuver with freedom.
(C) - To see the enemy better.
(D) - To yield a defense position.

10.- When could we consider that we have won the enemy ?

(A) - When we see his positions.


(B) - When we have destroyed enough of him.
(C) - When we move on the battlefield better than him.
(D) - When we have suppressed a few enemy weapons.
PARAGRAPH B

1.- According to the paragraph ...

A. Storms on the sun cause a change in the weather on earth.


B. Solar particles cause a shift in the weather on earth.
C. The atmosphere produce solar storms.
D. Storms produce spots on the surface of the sun.

2.- What can be said about the theory ?

A. It is polemical.
B. It deals with thunderstorms.
C. It is uncontentious.
D. It is the key to know current weather forecasts.

3.- A typical sunspot ...

A. is surrounded by a cooler mass of light.


B. Stretches like the spokes of a wheel.
C. Is mainly dark.
D. Glows intensively.

4.- According to the text...

A. Nowadays the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere.
B. Temperature in sunspots might explain their color.
C. The granules are cooler than the umbra.
D. The photosphere is cooler than the penumbra.

5.- Sunspots...

A. span areas of thousand of miles.


B. Range in size from hot granules to complex structures.
C. Are typically very small.
D. Spread out from small particles to complex structures.
6.- What can be said about observation of sunspots ?

A. sunspots have been recorded for thousands of years.


B. A very small amount of them are visible.
C. Only about 5 per cent of sunspots are visible without instruments.
D. There has been a record of observations of sunspots.

7.- In which configuration do sunspots usually occur ?

A. In one spot of varying size.


B. In a configuration of two spots.
C. In arrangements of one hundred or more spots.
D. In groups of several thousand spots.

8.- The magnetic field ...

A. Has a strenght of opposite magnetic polarities.


B. Doesnt depend on the magnetic polarities.
C. Relies on the spots size.
D. Occurs near the sunspots.

9.- How are sunspots explained ?

A. Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth.


B. Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on
the sun.
C. Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth.
D. Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them.

10.- Which of the following statements is true ?

A. Researchers are looking for a new theory.


B. Sunspots could rely on magnetic fields.
C. Sunspots occur mainly on the poles of the earth.
D. Sunspots in the north pole are more intense than in the south pole.
ANSWER SHEET:
the infantry battalion......
1.- C

2.- A

3.- A

4.- D

5.- C

6.- D

7.- B

8.- C

9.- B

10.- B
PARRAFO ...sunspots

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The infantry battalion is the infantry division/separate brigade's basic maneuver


unit. It is unique in its capability to rapidly move by air or sea to any point on the globe.
Tactical mobility may be augmented by aircraft, helicopters, naval craft, and ground
transportation. The battalion is normally supported by field and air defense artillery,
tactical fight bombers, and engineers. As required, tanks, attack helicopters, and naval
gunfire are made available to the battalion. It has some organic logistical capabilities, but
for extended operations relies heavily on support from outside sources.

The battalion always fights as part of a brigade. It must be proficient in several


aspects of combat in order to fight and win. First, it must see the enemy and the
battlefield better than the enemy sees it. It must move to new positions by the most
protected (covered and concealed) routs. As the enemy will frequently outnumber our
troops, it is essential that we override his numerical superiority by massing combat power
at the right times and the critical points. The battalion must suppress enemy weapons that
can interfere with its fire and maneuver.

And finally it must destroy enough of the enemy's force to make him abandon his
attack, yield a defense position, or withdraw from an area vital to friendly forces.
PARAGRAPH B

After World War I, The German army was limited by the Treaty of
Versailles to 100,000 men under the command of General Hans von Seeckt. Prohibited
from rebuilding a large army, the general insisted upon quality. He, therefore, recruited
only the very best German soldiers who remained in 1919. He determined also that their
equipment should be appropriate and highly effective. Consequently, a fundamental
review of the purpose and proficiency of all items was undertaken. Those considered
outdated, inappropriate or ineffective were either discarded or radically redesigned.

This widespread study eventually included the Karabiner Model 1898


Mauser service rifle. This excellent, albeit somewhat clumsy, weapon accurately fired a
high-velocity bullet at ranges over 1 mile. The powerful 7.92 x 57 millimeters (mm)
cartridge required a robust, long rifle in which to be used. The Mauser most adequately
fulfilled these requirements. If such a cartridge was fired in a short rifle, the recoil energy
generated upon firing would be too powerful for a soldier to withstand. In addition, a
detailed study of World War I combat activity revealed that, with the exception of
campaigns before trench warfare set in, soldiers rarely fired aimed shots at over 400
meters. It was also observed that some soldiers could not actually see an enemy soldier
clearly at 500 to 600 meters. The conclusion, therefore, was that the existing service
rifles excess capacity wasted much of the energy produced by the cartridge.

PARAGRAPH A
1.- What special quality does the infantry battalion have ?

(A) - It is the only military unit capable of being moved by air or sea.
(B) - It is the only military unit which works separately from its brigade.
(C) - The capability of being moved anywhere by air or sea.
(D) - It is a unit that maneuvers basically with aircrafts and naval crafts.

2.- How can the infantry battalion increase its tactical mobility ?

(A) - By being supported with different transportation means.


(B) - By moving it to any point of the globe.
(C) - By keeping it apart from its brigade.
(D) - By augmenting its tactical responsibility.

3.- The fact that an infantry battalion is supported by fighter bombers, engineers etc ... :

(A) - Is considered normal.


(B) - Is not common.
(C) - Is not considered tactically good.
(D) - Is never considered.

4.- Support of tanks, attack helicopters and naval gunfire is ...:

(A) - Tactically impossible.


(B) - Always given to the battalion.
(C) - Given to other units by the infantry battalion.
(D) - Possible if required.

5.- The infantry battalion ...:

(A) - Has logistical capabilities even for extended operations.


(B) - Doesn't have any logistical capability.
(C) - Needs logistic support in long-lasting operations.
(D) - Has logistic capability for all types of operations.
6.- According to the text, we can say that ...:

(A) - The infantry battalion always combats separately from its brigade.
(B) - The brigade always fights according to the battalion orders.
(C) - The infantry battalion sometimes combats as part of its brigade.
(D) - The infantry battalion maneuvers following the brigade orders.

7.- To fight and win, a battalion must be trained in ...:

(A) - Looking for better routes than those used by the enemy.
(B) - Seeing, moving, suppressing and destroying the enemy.
(C) - Moving through routes to be seen by the enemy.
(D) - Piloting its tanks, helicopters and naval crafts.

8.- Select the correct statement.

(A) - It is not normal for the enemy to outnumber our troops.


(B) - It is essential for the enemy to outnumber our troops.
(C) - It is essential for the battalion to override the numerical superiority of the
enemy.
(D) - The battalion always outnumbers the enemy.

9.- Why must the battalion suppress enemy weapons ?

(A) - To override the enemy's numerical superiority.


(B) - To fire and maneuver with freedom.
(C) - To see the enemy better.
(D) - To yield a defense position.

10.- When could we consider that we have won the enemy ?

(A) - When we see his positions.


(B) - When we have destroyed enough of him.
(C) - When we move on the battlefield better than him.
(D) - When we have suppressed a few enemy weapons.

PARAGRAPH B
1.- Who or what put a limit on the German army after World War I ?

A. General Hans von Seeckt.


B. 100,000 German soldiers.
C. The Treaty of Versailles.
D. The German government.

2.- What was the limit ?

A.The German army was not allowed to construct new buildings.


B.The German army was prohibited from having less than 100,000
soldiers.
C.The German army was prohibited from having more than 100,000
soldiers.
D.The German army was forbidden to form an army.

3.- What did General Hans von Seeckt put emphasis on ?

A. On the quality of the German army.


B. On the quantity of the German army.
C. On the buildings of the German army.
D. On the limit imposed to the army.

4.- What was the Generals decision regarding the new equipment ?

A. Just the same quality as the former equipment.


B. It should be a suitable and highly operative equipment.
C. The General thought only of the reduction of equipment.
D. He increased the amount of equipment to compensate the
reduction of soldiers.

5.- Those items not updated were........:

A. All conserved in museums throughout the country.


B. Totally destroyed.
C. Widespread.
D. Either modified or discarded.
6.- What was a characteristic of the Mauser ?

A. Its accuracy even at more than 1 mile ranges.


B. It made soldiers be clumsy.
C. The speed of the bullet was slightly more than 1 mile per hour.
D. The Mauser was not safe enough.

7.- What problem would arise if the 7.92 x 57 mm. cartridge were used in a short rifle?

A. It would fire at ranges over 1 mile.


B. It didnt have the necessary recoil energy.
C. Because of its weight, it would need very powerful soldiers to
withstand the rifle.
D. The recoil energy it produced could cause problems.

8.- Which of the next statements is true ?

A. In World War I soldiers normally fired at targets which were no


further than 400 meters away.
B. In World War I soldiers used to fire at targets even over 400
meters.
C. It was prohibited to shoot over 400 meters because of the recoil
energy created by the cartridge.
D. Soldiers rarely fired when the target was at ranges less than
400 meters.

9.- What distance was considered necessary to see an enemy soldier well ?

A. Over 600 meters.


B. Less than 500 meters.
C. 500 to 600 meters.
D. Up to 600 meters.

10.- What was the conclusion of the study ?

A. Part of the energy produced by the cartridge was wasted.


B. The Mauser should be completely destroyed.
C. They should improve the cartridge but not the rifle.
D. They should improve the rifle but not the cartridge.
ANSWER SHEET:
tejavi.3 the infantry battalion......

1.- C

2.- A

3.- A

4.- D

5.- C

6.- D

7.- B

8.- C

9.- B

10.- B
PARRAFO ... After World War I, The German army was limited....

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. A
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The salute is the correct military greeting and is properly initiated by subordinates
to superiors. The specific origin is not known; however, several theories exist. In early
times, the right hand (The one used for weapons) was raised as a greeting of friendship.
Knights raised their visors with the right hand to reveal their identity as a courtesy on the
approach of a superior.

The most plausible theory is the long -established custom of removing headgear
in the presence of superiors. As late as the American Revolution, the British Army
soldier salutes by removing his hat.With the advent of cumbersome headgear (like the
bearskin) that could not be easily doffed, the act of removing the hat degenerated into
touching the visor.This act then became conventionalized into the hand salute. All
personnel in uniform are required to salute at all times when they meet persons entitled
to the salute, except in public conveyances (trains, buses,etc) or in public places such as
theaters or when the salute would be impractical.

It is customary for military members in civilian clothing to exchange salutes upon


recognition, this type of courtesy should be reinforced whenever possible. If running,
come to a walk before saluting. The junior holds the salute until it is returned. When a
senior officer approaches a group of officers not in formation, the group is called to
attention by the first one to sight the senior officer and all members of the group render
the hand salute.When the group constitutes a formation, the formation is called to
attention, but only the officer in charge salutes.
PARAGRAPH B

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the
sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on
earth.

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter


penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a
wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may
account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a penumbra registers 5,500 K, and
the granules outside the spot are 6,000 K.

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas
stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 per cent of the spots are large enough that
they can be seen without instruments; consequentely observations of sunspots have been
recorded for several thousand years.

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred
spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots
of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic
field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spots size.

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of
sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the
lines of longitude from the north and south poles to the sun.
PARAGRAPH A

1.- Initiating the salute by subordinates...

(A) - Is an act of friendship


(B) - Is not a greeting between subordinates
(C) - Is as correct as for superiors
(D) - Is the right thing to do

2.- Regarding the military salute, it seems that...

(A) - Nowadays it is customary to raise the hat


(B) - The weapon used to be raised
(C) - It is a long-established custom
(D) - It comes from the knights' age for sure

3.- It seems that the knights...

(A) - Used the salute as a greeting


(B) - Wore closed helmets
(C) - Removed their helmets to salute
(D) - Used the salute to warn superiors

4.- The custom of removing the hat...

(A) - Is a strange theory


(B) - Started in the American Revolution
(C) - Finished in the American Revolution
(D) - Became difficult several years later

5.- At present times, the military salute...

(A) - Is an evolution of intending to remove heavy headgear


(B) - Is given raising the hat
(C) - Is unconventional
(D) - Is an evolution of bearskin removers
6.- All personnel in uniform...

(A) - Must salute all times


(B) - Must not salute in public places
(C) - Only salute in public places
(D) - Salute only in apropiate places and situations

7.- Military members in civilian dressing...

(A) - Must avoid saluting


(B) - Exchange salutes when crossing
(C) - Don't find it important to salute
(D) - Must never avoid saluting

8.- According to the paragraph, the junior military...

(A) - Runs while saluting


(B) - Must return the salute strongly
(C) - Always salutes while walking
(D) - Can cease his salute when it is returned

9.- As a member of a group of officers...

(A) - You never salute to another one


(B) - You should always salute personally
(C) - Only the senior one salutes
(D) - There is always a way to salute

10.- When in formation...

(A) - Senior officers never salute them


(B) - All members use the hand salute after the officer in charge
(C) - The first one to meet the superior salutes the formation
(D) - The formation stands in attention while the officer in charge salutes
PARAGRAPH B

1.- According to the paragraph ...

A. Storms on the sun cause a change in the weather on earth.


B. Solar particles cause a shift in the weather on earth.
C. The atmosphere produce solar storms.
D. Storms produce spots on the surface of the sun.

2.- What can be said about the theory ?

A. It is polemical.
B. It deals with thunderstorms.
C. It is uncontentious.
D. It is the key to know current weather forecasts.

3.- A typical sunspot ...

A. is surrounded by a cooler mass of light.


B. Stretches like the spokes of a wheel.
C. Is mainly dark.
D. Glows intensively.

4.- According to the text...

A. Nowadays the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere.
B. Temperature in sunspots might explain their color.
C. The granules are cooler than the umbra.
D. The photosphere is cooler than the penumbra.

5.- Sunspots...

A. span areas of thousand of miles.


B. Range in size from hot granules to complex structures.
C. Are typically very small.
D. Spread out from small particles to complex structures.
6.- What can be said about observation of sunspots ?

A. sunspots have been recorded for thousands of years.


B. A very small amount of them are visible.
C. Only about 5 per cent of sunspots are visible without instruments.
D. There has been a record of observations of sunspots.

7.- In which configuration do sunspots usually occur ?

A. In one spot of varying size.


B. In a configuration of two spots.
C. In arrangements of one hundred or more spots.
D. In groups of several thousand spots.

8.- The magnetic field ...

A. Has a strenght of opposite magnetic polarities.


B. Doesnt depend on the magnetic polarities.
C. Relies on the spots size.
D. Occurs near the sunspots.

9.- How are sunspots explained ?

A. Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth.


B. Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on
the sun.
C. Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth.
D. Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them.

10.- Which of the following statements is true ?

A. Researchers are looking for a new theory.


B. Sunspots could rely on magnetic fields.
C. Sunspots occur mainly on the poles of the earth.
D. Sunspots in the north pole are more intense than in the south pole.
PARRAFO A

PARRAFO.........The salute....

1.- D

2.- C

3.- B

4.- D

5.- A

6.- D

7.- B

8.- D

9.- D

10.-D

PARRAFO ...sunspots

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B
Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The salute is the correct military greeting and is properly initiated by subordinates
to superiors. The specific origin is not known; however, several theories exist. In early
times, the right hand (The one used for weapons) was raised as a greeting of friendship.
Knights raised their visors with the right hand to reveal their identity as a courtesy on the
approach of a superior.

The most plausible theory is the long -established custom of removing headgear
in the presence of superiors. As late as the American Revolution, the British Army
soldier salutes by removing his hat.With the advent of cumbersome headgear (like the
bearskin) that could not be easily doffed, the act of removing the hat degenerated into
touching the visor.This act then became conventionalized into the hand salute. All
personnel in uniform are required to salute at all times when they meet persons entitled
to the salute, except in public conveyances (trains, buses,etc) or in public places such as
theaters or when the salute would be impractical.

It is customary for military members in civilian clothing to exchange salutes upon


recognition, this type of courtesy should be reinforced whenever possible. If running,
come to a walk before saluting. The junior holds the salute until it is returned. When a
senior officer approaches a group of officers not in formation, the group is called to
attention by the first one to sight the senior officer and all members of the group render
the hand salute.When the group constitutes a formation, the formation is called to
attention, but only the officer in charge salutes.
PARAGRAPH B

After World War I, The German army was limited by the Treaty of Versailles to
100,000 men under the command of General Hans von Seeckt. Prohibited from
rebuilding a large army, the general insisted upon quality. He, therefore, recruited only
the very best German soldiers who remained in 1919. He determined also that their
equipment should be appropriate and highly effective. Consequently, a fundamental
review of the purpose and proficiency of all items was undertaken. Those considered
outdated, inappropriate or ineffective were either discarded or radically redesigned.

This widespread study eventually included the Karabiner Model 1898


Mauser service rifle. This excellent, albeit somewhat clumsy, weapon accurately fired a
high-velocity bullet at ranges over 1 mile. The powerful 7.92 x 57 millimeters (mm)
cartridge required a robust, long rifle in which to be used. The Mauser most adequately
fulfilled these requirements. If such a cartridge was fired in a short rifle, the recoil energy
generated upon firing would be too powerful for a soldier to withstand. In addition, a
detailed study of World War I combat activity revealed that, with the exception of
campaigns before trench warfare set in, soldiers rarely fired aimed shots at over 400
meters. It was also observed that some soldiers could not actually see an enemy soldier
clearly at 500 to 600 meters. The conclusion, therefore, was that the existing service
rifles excess capacity wasted much of the energy produced by the cartridge.

PARAGRAPH A
1.- Initiating the salute by subordinates...

(A) - Is an act of friendship


(B) - Is not a greeting between subordinates
(C) - Is as correct as for superiors
(D) - Is the right thing to do

2.- Regarding the military salute, it seems that...

(A) - Nowadays it is customary to raise the hat


(B) - The weapon used to be raised
(C) - It is a long-established custom
(D) - It comes from the knights' age for sure

3.- It seems that the knights...

(A) - Used the salute as a greeting


(B) - Wore closed helmets
(C) - Removed their helmets to salute
(D) - Used the salute to warn superiors

4.- The custom of removing the hat...

(A) - Is a strange theory


(B) - Started in the American Revolution
(C) - Finished in the American Revolution
(D) - Became difficult several years later

5.- At present times, the military salute...

(A) - Is an evolution of intending to remove heavy headgear


(B) - Is given raising the hat
(C) - Is unconventional
(D) - Is an evolution of bearskin removers
6.- All personnel in uniform...

(A) - Must salute all times


(B) - Must not salute in public places
(C) - Only salute in public places
(D) - Salute only in apropiate places and situations

7.- Military members in civilian dressing...

(A) - Must avoid saluting


(B) - Exchange salutes when crossing
(C) - Don't find it important to salute
(D) - Must never avoid saluting

8.- According to the paragraph, the junior military...

(A) - Runs while saluting


(B) - Must return the salute strongly
(C) - Always salutes while walking
(D) - Can cease his salute when it is returned

9.- As a member of a group of officers...

(A) - You never salute to another one


(B) - You should always salute personally
(C) - Only the senior one salutes
(D) - There is always a way to salute

10.- When in formation...

(A) - Senior officers never salute them


(B) - All members use the hand salute after the officer in charge
(C) - The first one to meet the superior salutes the formation
(D) - The formation stands in attention while the officer in charge salutes

PARAGRAPH B
1.- Who or what put a limit on the German army after World War I ?

A. General Hans von Seeckt.


B. 100,000 German soldiers.
C. The Treaty of Versailles.
D. The German government.

2.- What was the limit ?

A.The German army was not allowed to construct new buildings.


B.The German army was prohibited from having less than 100,000
soldiers.
C.The German army was prohibited from having more than 100,000
soldiers.
D.The German army was forbidden to form an army.

3.- What did General Hans von Seeckt put emphasis on ?

A. On the quality of the German army.


B. On the quantity of the German army.
C. On the buildings of the German army.
D. On the limit imposed to the army.

4.- What was the Generals decision regarding the new equipment ?

A. Just the same quality as the former equipment.


B. It should be a suitable and highly operative equipment.
C. The General thought only of the reduction of equipment.
D. He increased the amount of equipment to compensate the
reduction of soldiers.

5.- Those items not updated were........:

A. All conserved in museums throughout the country.


B. Totally destroyed.
C. Widespread.
D. Either modified or discarded.

6.- What was a characteristic of the Mauser ?


A. Its accuracy even at more than 1 mile ranges.
B. It made soldiers be clumsy.
C. The speed of the bullet was slightly more than 1 mile per hour.
D. The Mauser was not safe enough.

7.- What problem would arise if the 7.92 x 57 mm. cartridge were used in a short rifle?

A. It would fire at ranges over 1 mile.


B. It didnt have the necessary recoil energy.
C. Because of its weight, it would need very powerful soldiers to
withstand the rifle.
D. The recoil energy it produced could cause problems.

8.- Which of the next statements is true ?

A. In World War I soldiers normally fired at targets which were no


further than 400 meters away.
B. In World War I soldiers used to fire at targets even over 400
meters.
C. It was prohibited to shoot over 400 meters because of the recoil
energy created by the cartridge.
D. Soldiers rarely fired when the target was at ranges less than
400 meters.

9.- What distance was considered necessary to see an enemy soldier well ?

A. Over 600 meters.


B. Less than 500 meters.
C. 500 to 600 meters.
D. Up to 600 meters.

10.- What was the conclusion of the study ?

A. Part of the energy produced by the cartridge was wasted.


B. The Mauser should be completely destroyed.
C. They should improve the cartridge but not the rifle.
D. They should improve the rifle but not the cartridge.

PARRAFO A
PARRAFO........The salute....

1.- D

2.- C

3.- B

4.- D

5.- A

6.- D

7.- B

8.- D

9.- D

10.-D

PARRAFO ... After World War I, The German army was limited....

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. A

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