ELE4TDE

Project Report
Group D11

Tarun Matta
18034465
AIM:-

The aim for this project is to design a network of LTE eNB (base station) according to the
given specification. This project is based on the 4G LTE technology.

Area given:-

We are given Area 4 which has the following edge cordinated:-

North 32o, 25, 20.0 N; South 32o, 17, 01.0 N ; East 093o, 44, 50.0 W; West 093o, 57,
50.0 W.

Introduction:

The LTE network design will be done using the CelPlanner software. This project is divides
into two parts. The first part does not include sectoring whereas the second part use sectoring.
Before starting the report we will have a brief knowledge of LTE.

What is LTE?

LTE known as long term evolution and commonly known as 4G LTE. It is a standatr for
wireless communication of high speed data for mobile phones and data terminations. It is
purely packet switched technology. With LTE we can attain the maximum data rate as 100
Mbps practically and it is as high as 40 Mbps depending upon the location and the parameters
of the network. 4G LTE is one of the several competing standards along with ultra mobile
broadband and wimax. The leading cellular providers have started to deploy 4G technologies,
with Verizon and AT & T launching 4G LTE.

LTE is of two types:

1. TDD LTE (Band 40)

2. FDD LTE (Band 3)

TDD LTE:-

TDD known as time division duplex LTE which operates on 2400MHz band . In this we can
configure the downstream and upstream data rate as per your requirement. Upstream and
downstream are not identical in this. It has high frequency due to which the coverage is low.

FDD LTE:-

FDD known as frequency division duplex which operates on the 700 MHz band. In this we
divide the data rate equally into upstream and downstream data. It has low frequency so more
coverage can obtained. The network design is simple as compared to TDD LTE.
Now we will discuss both the parts separately as it has different parameters

Part 1 : Non-Sectored Design

Bandwidth :10Mhz
Radio Configuration Modulation Scheme:QPSK1/3,
16QAM 1/3, 64-QAM 1/3
Service Service Type: Fixed
Configuration: Required BER: 10^-4
Environment
Configuration: Mobility: Static
1 Sector
Prediction Resolution: 1"
Prediction Radius: 4 Km
Antenna: A1909
Antenna Power: Maximum
Radio Base Station:
50W
Antenna Height: Maximum
10m.
Channel Resource: Choice of
channel 1 up to 9

Minimum Downstream C/I=

Performance Target: 12dB
Minimum Downstream data
rate=10Mbps for all areas

Design solution:

Here we are allowed to use maximum of 20 base station to achieve the maximum coverage.
We placed the BTS all over the area. Our main focus was to cover the maximum red area asit
was the most dense region after that the urban dense region and so on. We tried to put the
BTS away from the water as it is not important to get the coverage in the water. To remove
the interference between the BTS we used 9 different channels. We will discuss everything in
detail. Here we used the omnidirectional antenna A1909 which has the radiation pattern as,
Result and Discussion:-

We will discuss the following result which was obtained for this parameter in both
DOWNSTREAM and UPSTREAM.

1. Composite signal level

2. Composite SNR
3. Maximum data rate / user
4. Scheme selection
5. Interference

COMPOSITE SIGNAL LEVEL:

It is the level of signal in a given coverage. The more is the signal power the better is the
signal received. The red area shows the signal strength which is high.

For downstream 97% of the area is covered by signal greater than or equal to 80 dBm.

It can be seen in the figure below,

 Composite signal level Downstream

For upstream the signal strength is not as good as downstream because the communication is
from mobile to base station and the mobile are generally low power device and the
transmission power is also limited. The 76% of the area is covered by signal greater than or
equal to -80 dBm. It can be seen in the figure below,
 Composite signal level Upstream

COMPOSITE SNR:

Composite SNR(signal to noise ratio) is the received signal power to the noise signal.the
higher the SNR less the noise signal and better the signal recieved.

For downstream the SNR for greater than 40dB is 9%. It can be seen in the image below,

For upstream the SNR for greater than 40dB is 1%. It can be seen in the image below,
Composite SNR Downstream

Composite SNR Upstream

MAX DATA RATE / USER:

Data rate can be defined as the number of bits received in per unit of time. The higher the
data rate better is the network hence we prefer to get the high data rate in LTE system. Our
aim was to achieve the data rate for speed equal to10 Mbps

For downstream we achieved 77% of the total area covered with the speed of 10 Mbps.

It can be seen in the figure below,

Max Data Rate / User Downstream

For upstream the data rate equals to 10 Mbps is for the 44% of the total area which is far less
from the downstream due to the reason as the upstream is the communication from mobile to
base station.

The results can be seen in the image below,

 Max Data Rate / User Upstream

SCHEME SELECTION:

In 4G LTE we use different modulation scheme or technique to achieve high data rate. Here
we have three modulation techniques as QPSK , 16-QAM and 64-QAM. Higher order of
modulation scheme is used to get the high data rates and good spectral efficiency. In part one
we use same modulation scheme for all three techniques as QPSK 1/3, 16-QAM 1/3 and 64-
QAM 1/3.

The downstream data scheme achieved is QPSK as 13%, 16-QAM as 0% and 64-QAM as
77%.

The upstream data scheme achieved is QPSK as 0%, 16-QAM as 0% and 64-QAM as 90%.

The results for downstream and upstream can be seen in the images below,
Scheme selection downstream

Scheme selection upstream

INTERFERENCE:

It is the disturbance of the signal as it travels from different channels. There is should be
minimum interference between the two channels so as to reduce the noise in the signal .
interference is of two types as co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference.

Here we use nine different channels to minimise the interference and one of our task was to
achieve the minimum downstream channel interference to be equals to 12 dB.

The figure shown below shows the downstream C/I which is 0% for 12 dB and there is no red
or green spot in the design which means there is no interference hence the aim was achieved
successfully.

Interference downstream
 Interference upstream

MAX DATA RATE USER DOWNSTREAM FOR BIT ERROR RATE 10 -5:

As we change the bit error rate the signal strength lowers as seen in the image below,
MAX DATA RATE USER DOWNSTREAM FOR BIT ERROR RATE 10 -6 :

as we go down the signal strength reduces hen the signal strength is directly proportional to
the bit error rate.

Part 2: Sectored Design

Design Specifications:-

Bandwidth :10Mhz
Radio Configuration Modulation Scheme:QPSK,
16QAM , 64-QAM
Service Service Type: Fixed
Configuration: Required BER: 10^-4
Environment Mobility: Vehicular(120
Configuration: Km/h)
3 Sector
Prediction Resolution: 1"
Prediction Radius: 4 Km
Antenna: 7146-11
Antenna Power: Maximum
Radio Base Station:
80W
Antenna Height: Maximum
30m.
Channel Resource: Choice of
channel 1 up to 9
 Minimum Downstream C/I=
12dB
Minimum Downstream data
Performance Target:
rate=12Mbps for all areas
Minimum downstream data
rate=35 Mbps for 35% area.

Design Solution:

The design was achieved by placing 21 BTS with three sectors all over the given coverage
area to get the coverage of 92%. Here the task was to modify and add the mobility which
means the user or the mobile is in motion. We divide each base station into three sectors and
the antenna used here is 7146-11 which is a directional antenna. The specification of antenna
is shown below,

Result and Discussion:-

We will discuss the following result which was obtained for this parameter in both
DOWNSTREAM and UPSTREAM.

1. Composite signal level

2. Composite SNR
3. Maximum data rate / user
4. Scheme selection
5. Interference

COMPOSITE SIGNAL LEVEL:

It is the level of signal in a given coverage. The more is the signal power the better is the
signal received. We used 21 BTS and we got 100% coverage for greater than or equal to
80dBm for downstream whereas for upstream we get 97%.

It can be seen in the images below,

Composite signal level Downstream

 Composite signal level Upstream

COMPOSITE SNR:

As compared to the part 1 the SNR for downstream is 6% for area greater than or equal to 50
dB whereas for upstream it is 1 %

Composite SNR Downstream

 Composite SNR Upstream

MAX DATA RATE / USER:

Our aim was to achieve the minimum downstream data rate equals to 12 Mbps for all area
and 35 % of the area covered with the speed of 35 Mbps.

It can be seen from the figure 44% is covered with 35 Mbps and 48% is covered with 12
Mbps.

Max Data Rate / User Downstream

 Max Data Rate / User Upstream

SCHEME SELECTION:

For downstream the modulation scheme for QPSK is 1/3, 16-QAM is 3/7 and 64 QAM is 5/6.

For upstream the modulation scheme for QPSK is 1/3, 16-QAM is 3/7 and 64 QAM is 5/6.

Scheme selection downstream

 Scheme selection upstream

INTERFERENCE:

Our aim was to achieve the minimum downstream C/I = 12 dB. Which was achieved as can
be seen in the image below,

Interference downstream
 Interference upstream

MAX DATA RATE USER DOWNSTREAM FOR 10 -5:

The coverage area is decreased as can be seen in the image below,

MAX DATA RATE USER DOWNSTREAM FOR 10 -6 :

It can be clearly seen the coverage area is decreasing when we decrease the bit rate error.

ISSUSES OR PROBLEM FACED:

There were so many issues which came across which making this design

1. Due to the height differences we had to place the antenna at higher level so as to get
the maximum coverage so we have to see he topology and morphology and check the
height of particular location before placing the BTS.
2. It was a difficult task to remove the interference as we were only provided 9 channels
which we can use so we had to do the proper channel allocation so as to reduce the
interference.
3. We could not achieve the 100% coverage as we have limited number of base station
so it was difficult to get the 100% coverage.
4. We could not achieve high BER as we do so the data rate and the coverage area
decrease.
5. We are unaware of the coverage inside the door may be it falls out due to the wall.

CONCLUSION:

The tasks given to us was successfully completed and the area was covered with number of
base station provides with varying the heigh and power of antenna.
Appendix:

Part 1:

Specification of all the base stations are as follow,

Part 2:

Specification of all the base stations,