ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF MULTI STOREYED BUILDINGS

V.M.RAJAN,M.E.(Struct),FIE,

Former CE/Civil/TANGEDCO

******

Example:

SINGLE BAY MULTI STOREY FRAME WITHOUT CANTILEVER

Data:

Spacing of frame : 3.50m

Span of frame : 10.50m

Number of bay : One

Number of storey : Three

Storey Height : GF : 4.85 m ; FF & SF: 3.35m

Intended Use of structure : GF: Control Room; FF & SF: Office purpose.

Loads to be considered : As per IS 875- 2007 Part 1 & 2

Member Sizes : Column 400 x 500 mm

: Main Beam 300 x 750 mm

: End Beam 230 x 300 mm

: Slab Thickness 120 mm

Concrete Grade : M20

Steel Grade : Fe 415

Base bottom : Bottom Fixed.

SBC of soil : 150 KN/m2

Analysis Procedure:

Calculation of load on slab :

Roof slab:

Live load (with access provided) =1.50 KN/m2

Self weight of slab 0.12 x 25 =3.00 KN/m2

Weathering course =2.00 KN/m2

----------

Total 6.50 KN/m2

------------
Floor slab:

Live load (intended for office without separate storage) = 4.00 KN/m2

Self weight of slab 0.12 x 25 = 3.00 KN/m 2

Floor finish = 0.75 KN/m 2

Partition wall weight = 1.00 KN/m 2

Total udl = 8.75 KN/m2

Calculation of load on beam:

Load/m run on intermediate frame:

At roof level:

Loading area on main beam =10.50 x 3.50 =36.75 m2

Load intensity =6.50 KN/m2

Load from slab =6.50 x 36.75/10.50= 22.75 KN/m

Self weight of beam 0.30 x(0.75-0.12) x 25 = 4.73 KN/m

-------------

Total udl =27.48 KN/m say 28 KN/m

--------------

At floor level:

Load intensity = 8.75 KN/m2

Load from slab =8.75 x 3.50= 30.63 KN/m

Self weight of beam 0.30 x(0.75-0.12) x 25 = 4.73 KN/m

-------------

Total udl 35.36 KN/m say 36 KN/m

--------------
Moment of Inertia:

The intermediate frame of beam will behave as a tee beam.

bf= lo/6+bw +6 Df

lo=effective span = 0.70 x 10.50=7.35 m

bf=7.35/6 +0.30+ 6x 0.12=2.245 m

As per Reynolds hand book for

bw/bf=10.50/2.245=0.13 ; Df/D=0.12/0.75=0.16

C value from Table of Reynolds hand book=0.176

M.I of Tee beam= C b D3=0.176 x 30 x 753= 2227500 cm4

(or) 2 x Rectangular beam moment of inertia=2x1/12x30x753 = 2109375 cm4 =5.35 I

I column= 1/12 x40 x 503 =416666.67 cm4 =I

Distribution factor:

Joint Member I L K=I/L K DF=K/K

A3 B 3
5.35 10.50 0.51 0.63
A3
0.81
A3 A2
1 3.35 0.30 0.37
A2 A1 1 3.35 0.30 0.27
A2 B 2
5.35 10.50 0.51 0.46
A2 1.11
A2 A1
1 3.35 0.30 0.27
A1 A2 1 3.35 0.30 0.29
A1 A1 B 1
5.35slab 10.50 0.51 0.50
1.02
A1 A0
1 4.85 0.21 0.21
Fixed End moment:

MA3-B3=MB3-A3=wl2/12=28 x 10.502/12=257.25 KNm say 257KNm

MA2-B2=MB2-A2=wl2/12=36 x 10.502/12=330.75 KNm say 331KNm

MA1-B1=MB1-A1=wl2/12=36 x 10.502/12=330.75 KNm say 331KNm

Moment Distribution : (Half frame has been considered due to symmetry in beams)
Beam Design:

Beam A3-B3

Simply supported BM= 28 x 10.502/8 =385.88KNm

Net + BM =385.88-155.78=230.10KNm

End moment at support=155.78 KNm

Beam A2-B2

Simply supported BM= 36 x 10.502/8 =496.13KNm

Net + BM =496.13-267.02=229.11KNm

End moment at support=229.11 KNm

Beam A1-B1

Simply supported BM= 36 x 10.502/8 =496.13KNm

Net + BM =496.13-232.67=263.46KNm

End moment at support=232.67 KNm

Factored moment at end =1.5 x 49.20=73.80 KNm.

Factored moment at mid span =1.5 x329.78 =494.67 KNm

Factored shear force Vu=1.5 x27.50 x1050/2 =216.56 KN.

The beam at mid span is designed as tee beam and at support is designed as
rectangular similar to fixed beam.

Column Design:

Factored axial force in column=216.56 KN

Moment in column at top edge=1.5 x 49.20=77.80KNm.

The column is designed for factored axial load Pu=216.56KN and a max. Bending
moment of Mu=73.80 KNm.
Design of Hinge:

Shear force at hinge A =49.20/4.85 =10.14KN

For hinge action to persist the concrete will be made to reach nearly half its ultimate
stress=0.5 fck so that concrete will become plastic enough to permit small angular
rotation. The reinforcement at the hinge will be crossed to produce the hinge action.
Ultimate axial load at column base =216.56KN
Shear =1.5 x 10.14 =15.21KN

Allowable compressive stress = ultimate stress =1/ x20=10 N/mm 2

Width of hinge required =216.56 x 103/300 x 10 =72.19 mm

Let the width may be kept as 100mm with sufficient cover.

Shear at hinge = 15.21 KN

Inclination of bar to vertical =tan-1 30/50=31

Ast x sin 31 x 415=15.21 x 103

Ast=15.21 x 103/415 x sin 31 =71.16 mm2

Provide 4 bars of 12 mm dia. Ast provided = 4 x /4 x 122 =452.16 mm2 > 71.16mm2
Footing design:

Ultimate Load Pu=216.56 KN

Axial working load on column =216.56/1.5= 144.375 KN

Self weight of column 0.30 x 0.40x 4.85x25 =14.55KN

Total load from column =158.925KN say 160KN

Self weight of footing 10% =16KN

Total load on footing = 176KN

Size of footing:

SBC of soil =150KN/m2

Area of footing required =176/150=1.173 m2

Provide size of footing as 1.30 m x 1.20m so that the projection will be equal on both
sides. Also the area provided shall be more than required to take care of effect of
moment.

Bending moment:

Projection of footing from column face=(1.30-0.40)/2= 0.45m

Max. pressure qmax. =( P/A + M/Z)

= {160/1.30x 1.20 }+ {15.20/ (1/6x1.20x 1.302 ) }

=102.56 + 44.97 =147.53 KN/m2 < 150KN/m2

Min. pressure qmin. =( P/A - M/Z)

= {160/1.30x 1.20 }- {15.20/ (1/6x1.20x 1.302 ) }

=102.56 - 44.97 =57.59 KN/m2

Average pressure =q=(147.53+57.59)/2=102.56 KN/m2

Bending moment at X-X =102.56 x 1.20x 0.452/2 =12.46 KNm

Shear stress = 0.25 fck . Factored BM = 1.5 x 12.46=18.69 KNm

Assume overall depth of footing shall be 300mm and effective depth =250mm
Reinforcement :

K=Mu /bd2 = 18.69 x 106 /1300 x 2502 = 0.25

Referring table 2 of SP 16 pt =0.085% mini. Pt=0.12%

Ast /m width of footing =( 0.12/100) x1000 x 250=300 mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm C/c bothways.

Check for Two way(Punching) shear :
Length of punching influence plane av =400+250=650mm

Width of punching influence plane bv=300+250=550mm

Puching shear force Vpunch =160-102.56 x (0.65 x0.55) =123.33KNc0

Punching shear stress punch=123.33 x 103 /{2 x (650+550) x 250} =0.21 MPa

Permissible shear stress =0.25 fck=0.25 x 0.20 =1.18MPa > punch

Check for one way shear:

Shear force at a distance d=250mm from face of column

Vu=1.5 x 102.56x 1.20x 0.20=36.92 KN

Actual Shear stress v= 36.92 x 103/1200 x250 =0.12 MPa

Actual Pt provided=0.25, permissible shear stress c= 0.36 MPa (From table 19 of IS

456-2000) > 0.12 MPa. Hence ok.