CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

1. Comic Notes - 6 Points of Crossing Over in Prophase 1 Meiosis

What's up Heeryians. Today's theme is FRIENDSHIP.
You shake hands with your friend. You exchange greetings. You leave. Now, apply them all
to crossing overprocess in Meiosis 1!

1
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

2. KBAT Question for F4 Chapter 5: Cell Division - Cancer

Today's theme is NO SMOKING.

A quick sociology lesson:

OK, let's go straight to KBAT question. Below is a diagram of tumor formation:

2
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

List of possible KBAT questions and the perfect answer outline:

3
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

3. Causes of Variation

Q: Observe the picture above. Briefly discuss how sexual reproduction

contributes to genetic variation (6 marks)

4. TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN USING TABLE FORM - MITOSIS VS

MEIOSIS

4
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

Paper 1 is easy. Paper 3 is highly technical and can be answered with specific

techniques. Paper 2 especially the Section B possess quite a challenge. Plus, it

carries the most marks. Hence, I receive the most inquiries about the so-called essay questions
using the table. Here, I share with you the tips regarding this most dreaded question in Biology
SPM...

PART 1: It is NOT strictly essay question

Most of us think that we need to write like the essays in BM & BI. It is not. It is called OPEN

RESPONSE ITEMS. Not just essays, you also can construct your answers with sequence
diagrams, tables, graphs, or illustrations. Just remember you can do more than just essays. If
you feel comfortable with essay, then stick to the essay with paragraphs. If you are an analytical
person, then go for tables. If you are an artistic guy, then go for illustrations (must have labellings).
The point of having open response items is adjust to STUDENTS' DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLE. Your
teachers should inform you about this during your Form 4 years. My favorite is the table form. Let's
go for the table today...

Part 2: Tackling the 'Essay' Using Table Form

Most teachers don't recommend their students to do tables. This is because most students would
give too simple answers not according to the analytical standard. Let's observe the example
below:

Q: Compare the similarities and differences

between mitosis and meiosis (10 marks):

This is the typical students' answers that frustrate most of the teachers!

5
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

As you can see, the answers are correct. But it has no description whatsoever. Plus, the sentences
are not complete! Below is the perfect answers...

When you provide the table form, the examiners want to see how good you are in ANALYZING THE
ANSWERS. So, lets' analyze them:

See the circled answers? That's your point.

But, how good are you in describing them? See the underlined answers? That's your
description/explanation.
Your complete sentence will ensure your analysis and confirm you perfect scores.

REMINDER
Even in full sentence, it doesn't mean that your anwer is long! You should stick to KISS (keep it
short and simple), like i explained in the previous post.

Part 3: Summary
Remember PDF for Table: (P) Point - (D) Description - (F) Full sentence, for a PERFECT TABLE
FORM :-)

6
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

5. Clarifying the Terms Synapsis & Bivalent

In Meiosis 1, one of the confusing terms would be these two. Here is the simple diagram to clarify
them all:

Synapsis is the process of pairing the homologous chromosomes (same chromosomes, different

sources). Memorizing tips: Synapsis Searching for each other

Bivalent (or tetrad) is the pair of homologous chromosomes.

Memorizing tips: Bivalent = Bersama Selamanya / Best couple ever

Cool Tips to Memorize Mitosis

We did the functions of Mitosis before. Now we go for the process. You know the 4 phases:
Prophase (4 points)
Metaphase (1 point)
Anaphase (2 points)
Telophase (4 points)

7
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

Let's go to each phases one by one together with the points allocated:
_________________________________________

A. Prophase:

1. Chromatins -> Chromosomes (process completed)

2. Nuclear membrane disappears
3. Spindle fibres appear
4. Centrioles to opposite poles

B. Metaphase:
1. Chromosomes 'beratur' align at metaphase plate

C. Anaphase:
1. Spindle fibres contract.
2. Sister chromatids separate

D. Telophase:
1. Cromosomes/chromatids -> Chromatins
2. Nuclear membrane appears
3. Spindle fibres disappear
4. Cytokinesis (process initiated)
_________________________________________

EXTRA: Patterns worth noting:

Telophase is a reversal to prophase
Mitosis located between interphase and cytokinesis:

8
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

6. HOTTIPS Teknik Menjawab - 3 Functions of Mitosis

Finally, the note on Mitosis :-) First, you need to know the 3 importances (functions) of Mitosis:

short + complete
Of course, you need to write in

sentence. Example:
1. Growth - Mitosis increases the number of cells. As a result, it will increase the size and
volume of the organism.

2. Cell Repair - New cells from mitosis will replace the cells constantly being old, die, & injured.

3. Asexual Reproduction - This is for microorganism which reproduces using binary fission.

9
CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION / BAB 5: PEMBAHAGIAN SEL #shidanaimbiology_17

7. Crossing Over in Meiosis 1

Something inside us is making moves, forging friendships and telling tales...

Question & Answer Outline:

SPM Question: State the result from process occurred above?

Answer: DNA exchange --> Change of genetic information --> VARIATION OCCURS --> Offspring is
unique, different from the parents.

That's why we are different from our parents & siblings :-)

10