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tbHeM u ur,tpo1a HayrtHo-nonynqpH3aropcxa Aefrnocr cpeA Halxara Hapo.u,Ha IlHl'eJII4leHIII{s ll
I{e HaII]ero HoBo cIIHca-
cpeA rulrpoKqTe HapoAHu Macu. B roea orHorxeHr4e Hlae ce HaArBaMe,
uae nApxeoflotl.rflu rrle Hrpae roJrrrMa ponx. Ha cBoI,ITe crpaHI,IIII4 To ule flolynspl43l'Ipa fonsMoTo
KynTypHo HacneAcTBo, rra3eHo B HaLilnTe My3er], OTAeJIHI4 \BVD}1.V|MVI HJ1I4 HeABI-]X(HMI4 IIaMeTHHIIII'
pa3nxqHr4 npO6neMI4, CB'bp3aH[ C TqXHOTO I{3yqaBaHe LflI1 OIIa3BaHe,
Btnrapnr e KJracuqecKa crpaHa. Pasnoroxeua He[ocpeAcrBeHo Ao crpaHl'lre Ha ApeBHLfl
cpeAggeMHoMopcKn cBrrr, Tq e opraHurrecKr{ cBtpaaHa c HeloBara I4cropl'Iq H KynTypa. Tyr ca
cb3AaAeHI,t o6pasut Ha Br4coKoxyAo)I(ecrBeHo rBopr{ecrBo, He IIo-MaJIKo ueHHla, orKoJlKoro B
Apyrr.ire crpaHr4 Ha KJraczqecKlrs cBrrr. Or cresonucl{Te Ha rpal(t4licKara rpo6uuqa npu Kasau.llx,
or ua4rpo6Hara rror{a Ha Anarccaugtp or Anoroulzl, or npeKpacHoro ropco ua !,zonuca or
6a,runx, or Koflflero Ha flpaxcure.nenna Epoc or Haronolvc a.u, Hcrpyu, or peAHIIara nop-
TpeTHIt f,rlaBr{ oT pr,rMCKara eloxa Jrbxa cBexaTa cTpyfl Ha BerJHoro B aHTHtIHoro l.tsxycrno. Tesn
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pa3Br.rrgero Ha ecre'r r4qecKo rryBcrBo y Halxara ty6turca, Ha qyBcrBo xtvr xy6anoro, KpacljBoro
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tlyBcrBa e eAHa Heflpe-
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qyBCTBa Ha npOJIeTapCKI4 I4HrepHaIIsOHaI?I3'bM eAHa OT BaxHI4Te C'ECTaBKIz Ha KOMyHIjCTH-
-
qecKgtr Mopar, Ero a B ToBa orHolreHne npeA HaIUara Hayl(a ce orKpHBa A ce Hanara uI4poKa
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aeMH or crapyTe HapoAlr (rpara, r6pr1n, puMtnHLr u Ap.), Konro BeKoBe HapeA ca o6uraBallvl
3eMr4Te Ha 6t.lrapcKus Hapor., r(oMyro ca 3aBeIrIaJIIi BI4coKa KyJlrypa. EAHa ot 3aAailure Ha
cn. ,,Apxeo,'Ioruq" e Aa c,ryxlz Ha roBa rorlMo Ae,ro.
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ptxa. Tn 6opaau B c.bulHocr c Marepr4anHr,rre 6./Iara, Heo6xoAl.lMv ga x{IrBora Ha r{oBe[IKoro
o6ulecrno, rq 6opaBx c op'bAr.rrrra Ha rpyAa, Heo6xoAI.rMIz 3a [poI43Be)KAaHero Ha re3l4 6tara,
Trr pa31pr.iBa cnoco6a ga Ao6uBaHero Ha resH 6,rara; c Apytx AyMH rq pa3KpI'IBa oHa3I4 rJIaBHa
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Cr,rJra
lrcropuqecKnsr Marepsaru3:bM, onpeAeflq Suanonontltara Ha o6urecrBoro, xapaKTepa Ha o6ure-
crBeHErr crpofi, pa3Br4Taero ua o6ulectBoro or eAun crpoti K'bM Apyr. Tyr< oco6eHo nosHaBa-
TeJlHo 3HaqeHI{e r.rMar rraMerHr4qr,rre Ha ['bpBo6r4THoro 14 Ha pauHoKnacoBoro o6uecreo. C nouorura
Ha .tflx Mo)Ke Hafi-HarJreAHo Aa ce ?rJtrocrpupa 3aBHcr4Mocrra Ha pa3BI4TueTo Ha npou3BoAl-lTen-
HLITe cr,tJIH or pa3Burl4eTo Ha op'L,Aaqra 3a npoLI3BoAcrBo, pa3BIzTHeTo Ha o6ulecrseuzre
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ule pa3tbpHe rg?rpoKo CrpaHr4qr4re Crd 3a HayqHv CTaruLt Bl,pxy npo6.nervrare oKoJIO IIaMerHI4IIHre
na ntpnO6nTHOTO O6uleCrsO U 3a TflxHOTO IOJIflMO I'lCTOpEqecKo 3HaqeHHe. t
I
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 7

Pa:rpzsafixfi MaTepuaJIHaTa ocHoBa Ha qoBelnt(hq x{r4BoT, pasrpreafixr4 saKoHoMepHocrHTe

Ha ucTopHqecKoro pa3Br4Ttre, apxeonorfirrTa ce qBqBa BaxHa r.rAeofioraqecKa ,4[rcllr4rr.[r4Ha, KorrTo
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varepna.rncrnrlecKr.r MxporneA y rpyAeruure ce, Aa yKpenr4 noBerre Bqpara y rrx n xpafiuara
uo5eAa na corIHaJIra3Ma r4 KoMyHr.r3Ma. B roea orHorrlenl4e roJrrMa pons ce naAa Ha HarrIHTe
My3eH, Ha I-{eHrpaarrr apxeoJrorl4qecKI4 uyseft npu EAH I4 Ha My3el'tre B crpaHara, oco6euo Ha
TexHHTe apxeonorIqeCKLI OTAeJIIi.
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rocrnx(eHnq. I,I sce naK npeA Hen crorr roJrKoBa Muoro npo6.reuH ga pa3peruaBaHe, ToJrKoBa
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3eMB B ApeBHocrra. Tyx nue I1e MoxeM ,u,a H36poqBaMe re3l] 3aAaqH. Te ca ua6eag3aua B HaruEs
o6u nepcneKraBeH nJraH, [pr4er na flrpaara Hayqsa cecllfl Ha AI4M npes 1950 r. EcrecrneHo
e, Lle HHe He MoxeM Aa [oMHcJIuM 3a e.u,HoBpeMexHoro H cr(opolxHo paspa6otBaHe Aaxe H Ha
eAHa no-MaJrKa qacr oT Te3u rrauoro6pofinu npo6rerran A gaI.at4ia. 3a roga HHe He pa3noJlanaMe
HHTo c AocrarbqHo HayqHrl cr.rJrr.r, HHTo c roJrKoBa HeorpaHHqeHLI Marepr{anHH cpeAcrsa. Harara
ce Aa ce cbcpeAoTorraT crrJrrrTe 3a paSpeuaBaHe Ha H'IKoH 3alasv, KoI4To He T.bpfisr oTJraraHe,
3auroro 3a6aBsnero Ha rrrxHoro r.r3rrbflHeHr4e r{Jrr4 pagpeuaBaHe cnbBa 6rpsoro flo-HararbrrrHo
pa3Brzrr4e Ha HaIIIara apxeororfiqecKa Hayr(a. Ha nrpno Mqcro cron Bbfipocbr 3a naft-pannara
cJraBsHcKa l(yJrrypa, Kynrypara Ha 6bflrapcxrlre cJIaBflHLI or ntpBnre ABa BeKa cJreA Tflxnoro
3aceJrBaHe Ha EarxaacKlrs nonyocrpon. B o6aacrra Ha IIaJIeoJIHTa croffT cbulo raKa oue Mr{oro
H MHoro [pa3Hr4HH. 14 ryrc nva qenn rrepuo[v, ga Koltro HIle He pa3flonaraMe c6c cHrypHH
Marepuanr. 3a Heo.nrra ta eHeoJrHTa, Teglr ,qBa H3BbHpeAHo Ba)I(HH nepHoAa, He e paapa6orena
Bce oue eAHa cr{typna xpononorr4ff. Oure lto-Jrottlo e noJIo)KeHHero r{ npu 6ponsonara u nafi,-
paHHara xeJrs3na enoxa. Or re3u nepro,Elr HI4e He cMe orKpl{nfi Aocera HrrKaKBo cenuure
(c asx.rrrcueHr.re Ha paHH[Te 6pousonn cnoeBe or MorI]JtHItre cenurqa), Ho Hr4e He rro3HaBaMe HflTo
eAHH HeKporroJr or roBa BpeMe. A anae ce, qe HaIl-crapara HcTopHfl Ha rpaKnre r npo6lerraara
3a TexHHfl rrpoHSxoA r.r rroflBa Ha rronyocTpona 6ee [o3HaBaHeTo na 6pousoaaTa H paHHO)KeJlsS-
Hara enoxa, 6es yrcHeHa H crporo ycraHoBena orHocnTe,'rHa r{ a6colrcrna xpoHoJrornrr Ha
HeorETa r eHeoJrraTa e HeMHcJTHMo n HeBbgMoxHo sro6ule Aa ce paspa6oraar. Paz6upa ce, ToBa
He 3Haqra, qe Hue He ue paspa6ornaue I1I oHe3H AqnoBe oT apxeoJrotueTa, B6pXy KorltTO Beqe
Aocra e pa6oreno. Btnpocrt ce cBe)I(,qa Ao rpa.4llpaHe Ha 3aAaqLITe H upo6aeuare rro rsxuara
Ba)KHOCT 3a AaAeHr.rg eTan B pa3BHTHeTO Ha HaUaTa Hayr(a.
Haurara apxeonorrqecKa Hayr(a ce Hyx,qae or 3aMeHqnero Ha HflKoH crapr.r Mero rH Ha
pa6ora c HoBH. Pasgnrnero Ha rexHnKara, Ha ecrecrBeHvre HayKr.r, na Qrasurara H xHMIrflTa ctgAaAe
B'b3MO)r(HOCTn Crapnre MeToAr4 B apxeonornsTa La ce noAo6osr, a c'btllo raKa Aa ce paepa6orar n
crBceM nonn. Bce no-seo6xoAnMo e Aa ce Hgtron3yBa alnaqunra 3a orr(pnBaHe Ha HoBa apxeo-
Jrornqecxrl o6exru. Tosn Naero,u, BBeMa Bce no-urpoKn pa3MepH B ,qpyu{Te crpaHn, r.r ro He Belre
caMo 3a orxpr{BaHe Ha o6exru B rrycrl,rnnr.r l,t nscbqHn o6racrr, Ho H Ha BcqKaKbB TepeH.
lonenaa ycnexn Ha[ocJreA'bK or6e.[ssea n noABo1Hara apxeororllr. Vc,losnq ga raKrjBa r43-
cneABaurzrr :aMa y Hac no qepHoMopcKoro xpaft6pexue, oco6eHo B'bB Bp-bgKa c r.r3cneABanero Ha
craporpbrlr(Hre KoJroHr.rH, Ha rexHr{re rrprlcTaHlrlqa H 4p. Kpafino BpeMe e Beqe Aa ce npficTt,nH
a K'bM OpraHr.r3HpaHe Ha eAHa rIeHTpaJrHa .na6oparoparl, KoqTo Aa e B cbcToflHHe Aa r.rSBbpuBa
crpyKrypeH aHarrv3 Ha MeTaJrr4re, peHTreHoBH aHatv3u Ha I4KoHl H Apyrfl [peAMeTH, a cbrrlo
TaKa H 3a flpararaHe Ha BtrnepoAHI,Iq MeroA c loMourra Ha Cla 3a onpeAenflHe Ha xpoHoJlorr{sra Ha
rraMerHnrlr4Te Ha nbpBo6rrnoro o6ulecrno. flpuraranero Ea HoBHTe MeroAr{ I{ B Harrrara HayqHo-
H3cneAoBare.rcra pa6ora 6u orKpuno roJIeMLr Bb3Moxnocru 3a no-Hararbrrnoro r 6rpso pas-
BHTHe Ha HarrlaTa HayKa, KaTO Ce pa3perlJar MHO|O OT nOCTaBeHLITe rIO-fOpe BbIIpOCX.
 {pafiHo Heo6xo4lruo e 6rpso Aa ce pa3pa6ornr HrrKoh HoBr.t Mero,qH H BbB Bp63r(a c
H3BbpIxBaHero Ha cnacIilTeJIHI,r apxeoJlolxqecKli pa3KonKr4. Or gacu.nnaHeTo Ha TeMrIoTo rla co-
IlnanucruqecKoro crpoLITeJIcrBo y Hac r4 oco6euo or rlor]HHa 3a cbKparqaBaHe cpoKoBere Ha
nerHJlerKara npol'I3Tl4qa H e,4Ha cnequQuuHa Sa.qaua ga Halrara apxeoJlornq: cflerrrHoro npoyqBaHe
Ha 3acrpallleHl4Te apxeotolHilecKH o6erru. [:l mxuo cera B re3r4 HqKorKo roAHHr.{ HHe ule
uMaMe 6ee6po;iuo MHoro cJyqan sa raKHBa npoyqBanuq. Tyx o6a,{e e neo6xo4urua lbBKaBa
opraHU3aIII4q_ Ha HayI{HIrre cl{Jttt H npeAH BcHqKo nbflHa cbrJracyBaHocr Mexqy BAH, Mnnacrep-
crBoro Ha rlpocBerara LI Kynrypara H HapoAHHTe ctBern rro Mecra. Tpa6aa BcgrtKr,r Hayrrgr4
CHJIII or o6nacrra Ha apxeonotvlflTa, rAero r{ Aa ce HaMupar, He3aBr,rcllMo Ha KaKBo Be.qoMcrBo
ca noAqzHeHI't, /I,a ce ttpe.qocraBrr Ha pa3floJlo)KeH14e Ha Apxeo.torrauecKurr tlHcrLrryr yt vyaeft
3a ycneluHoro opraHI{3I,IpaHe Ha cflacnreJrHH apxeonornlrecxn pa3xonKr4. Hlre znaanae Beqe Aocra
narpytraH onlrr 3a u3BbpIIIBaHero Ha raxr4Ba pa3KorrKr4, o6ave npu.rraraHHTe B orAerHr4Te cJryqan
MeTO,U,I4 He Ca CTaHaJIL't IUllpOKO AOCTOflHT4e rd TOBa ce HaJrata Aa ce HanpaBrj r.bKMo ceta, Ko-
raro Hn npeAcTosr Mnoto 3aAaqn or rogr,r poa. Cn. ,,Apxeo,totaq,, u{e AaBa lxfipoKo Mrrcro 3a
TaKllBa craruv, B Kol'lro ce pa3rnexAar Bbnpocl{Te Ha MeroAr4Knra Ha pa3KorrKHTe, optaHrr3ar\vlflTa
Ha pagKonl(krre v Heo6rrto [paKTHKara Ha apxeonorr4qecKoro H3cJIeABaHe. To rue cto6u{aaa e
c6ara Qoprrna BaxHIlTe oTKpr4TI4r u pe3ynrarnTe or r,r3cJle rBaluflTa Ha repeua, orAenHH HaxoAKr,r,
orI(pHrLI rto BpeMe Ha crpo?rrencrBoro, r43Konr.r r MeJrnoparunuu pa6orz. Hauara o6uecrseHocr,
Aetiuare Ha Kynrypara u npeAr,r BcHrtKo rII,rraJIHrrIHH AerrreJrH, yrture.ttu no HCTopr4s, naysefinr I
HayqHI.r pa6orHHqu rqe y3HaBar or HeroBure crpaHnUr{ HoBocrrzre n o6,qacrra Ha apxeoJrotnqecKara
HayKa vt npaKTul(a y Hac. "rlrc6nre.nare Ha poAHara crapl4Ha rrle HaMepflT B Hero ro./re3Ho qerlrBo,
Koero lue pa3lxltpll rexHHt{ Kp'bro3op Ha tpax.qaHLr, na.Tpvloru r,r r(yJrr}'pHr4 crpourenl4 Ha collr4aJrHSMa.
I'{snlnHeHrero Ha rlocraBeHllTe gal.auv rpe4 6rnrapcr(ara apxeo,rroruqecr{a HayKa 6u nrorao
noHe B HaqaJ'lHI'Is eTan Aa ce oc'bUeCTBH AaXe u ilpu Cera[IHI4fl 6pofi Ha HayqHrTe cr4Jlr.r, Ho
npl4 ycnoBl'le Aa ce ,nocralHe SApaBa optaHr43arlaq Ha re3H crrrr4, pa3np.bcHarr4 saBcrrKbAe H3
crpaHara. 3a roea e HyxHo He caMo Btrpemna cnorira Me)riAy pa6ornzqure Ha apxeonornirecKr,rr{
Qpour B Mero Ha pa3peuaBaHero na o6ulnre upo6nerran Ha Hauara HayKa, Ho cbulo raKa H v1ur\ua-
14

TuBa v pa3[oro)KeHle Ha pbKoBoAcrBara rro Mecra Lr B ueHTa,pa u crporo cna3Baue ua

I4Hcrpyxr@flTa
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crBl4e Ha MrairucrepcrBoro Ha npocBerara 14 l(ynrypara s o6racrra Ha ona3BaHero Ha laMernrz-
III4Te Ha l(y,'lTypara, s o6'uacrra Ha oplana3upaHero Ha My3eare, Ha rexHHTe eKcrro3rr1slr,3a
rloBr4-
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xorro 'ca
aa4hvu npeAz Bcr4rJKo Ha Hatuara Hayr(a,
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ua Apxeo-
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pa6orunqtz-apxeono3tz B {flJlaTZ crpaHa. Mex4y MHororo rpytl 3aAaqH HoBoro cnucauvte
,,Ap-
xeo,'lofuf", oplaH Ha Apxeo,noruuecxrza HHcrrrryr ll vyaefi npu BAH, qe HMa 3aAaqara c.bu{o
TaKa Aa r4tpae ponrrra sa o6e4aHHTe.rIHo 3BeHo Mex(Ay HayqHnre pa6or.uuuu Ha apxeonoFg,tecKzs
Qponr. c o6ur' ycuJtuA ro ue rpa6na Aa ce npeBbpHe Qarruuecru B eAraH o6rl opra' Ha
6lllapcxara apxeonorllqecKa HayKa, xoliro ure fiocraBq Ha pa3ucKBaHe ro-BaxHUTe reoperl4 qecKg
H MeroAonorrlnu upo6fleMr{ Ha Harxara Hayr(a, lle uMrryncapa Ha[tr.trr HayqeH pa6orHnr x.tu
'rxnpoKa rBoprtecKa pa6ora 3a u3nbJrHeHue Ha nnaHoBere.
llogeara Ha HoBoro cnI4caHHe ,,Apxeo.nolnq" ToqHo B To3r.r Hcropnr{ecKHMoMeHT sa 6rr-
IapCI(4fl HapOA nOKa3Ba HeAByCMItCneHO lo,llgMaTa fpE)I{a Ha flapTI4flTa 3a pagBUTaeTo Ha Ha-
ulara apxeorofuqecKa HayKa, BHcoKara ot{eHKa, Korrro rrr AaBa ua seriuara ponrr B Hacroqrur1fl
MoMeHT, H foJIEMara orroBopHocr, Koqro HHe, Hayquzre pa6oruuqlr a o6racrra Ha apxeono-
lvflTa, IIoeMaMe 3a I{3I'LJIHeHLIe Ha HatUI4Te 3aAArlU,
Iur,aurtp fI. fluvnrpoB
 ETAT IIV

.[BA noETHr{EcKH opATMEHTA y fionn EK3Apx KATO

H CTOPHTIECKH I,I3BOPH

KP. MUqTEB

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BbrpellEara KpenocrHa creHa. Ero aaqo 6rarapcrara apxeonorr4qecKa HayKa cH rrocraBy o1qe
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HeHH c'b.4oBe 3a AOMa[JHI4 Hy)KAar MoHerl't, 3eMeAencKH u SalaflTqw?cru opt4ufl, op.b)Kufl, Ha-
KrlTr4 H ApyrH 6urOsu [peAMeTr4.
pa3HOBX.4Hr.r
floee'lero or re3a apxeonorntrecKr.r HaxoAKa o6a.ie ca BeAr,rHaLrHr{ eK3eMrrnspu, rroBeqe
HJIa rIo-MaJIKo Qparrraeurupa9u HJru cI,rJIHo noRpeAeHI{, Ta 3aroBa HanpaBeHure B.b3 ocHoBa Ha
Tffx rrpovqBatufl. u H3BoAH ca Bce oule HeIIbJrHu) a B HrKor,r cnyq.as ralre ll Hecr.,rypHn. Konu-
rlecrBeHo Iz KaqecrBeHo ro3H Marepr4an c'btsceM He e
AOCTarbqeH, 3a Aa paSKpHe MI,IHaJIOTO Ha
flpecran Ao uail,-vranxa no4po6Hocrz. I-{n.nocrnoro rr.rraHapaHe il 3acrpoqBane Ha rpaAcKara re-
pu"topufl' Ha yrl4qHara Mpexa, Ha BoAocHa64anauero, Bvr1'br H apxr4TeKTypara Ha BoeHHare,
npeAcraBI'lreJIHare, o6qectneHlte, KyJIToBI,ITe, x(HJII4lt-(HI4Te H T.r,ptoBcKo-eaHasrqr4ficrate ro-
crpofiru ca BCe oxre HeAocrarbqno l43qcHeHrz. O6utectsenuflT A.4oMauHaqr )r(aBor sa o6urare-
Jrr.rre Ha flpec.rlan e Bce o[te HelpoyqeH.
HaacrzHa pa3KorraBaHero Ha ApeBHtg flpecrae ue npoAbnxaBa orqe MHorp roAaHr4, Ho
e ,u,anu 6trenture pagxonr(u ue AaAar Marepr4an, MHoto ro-rI.bJIHoIIeHeH or ro3n,
cr,MHlrre,rlHo
xofiro e orr(prJr ,u,ocera. 3aqoro noxpafi noJro)KHTe.nHr4Te pe3yrrarn, KorzTo nonyqt4xMe or
Aocerauur4Te pa3Konxrz, Hue HMaMe r,r neqa,'rHriq Ir3BoA, ,re 6agcxanHrrr HflKora rpaA e 6ul ql,_
rrocrHo yHHu\o)r{eH Ao ocrroBx 3apaAu KaMeHHr,ur My Marepr4an (rapoear z nrpauop).
flonqrHo e, qe npl4 ToBa c'bcrolHve Ha apxeolornqecKnq Marepr.rar e.qzHcrBeHo caMo Ha
Hefo He Mo)Iie Aa ce pa3qnTa npfi onr4Ta Aa ce B'b3Kpecr.t MbprBvrflr tpaL B cnyqaq B63Mox-
HOCTHTe Ha apxeonofHfra ca rB'bpAe olpaHfiqeHE n rq ce HyxAae oT rIoMouITa Ha r4CTOpHqeC-
KHTe u3Bopfi. Ho sa cb)KaJIeHI{e MaJIKo ca H lI4cMeHr4Te cBeAeHns, Konra ce orHaclr
Ao craprafl
Ilpec,aan, oco6euo -qa BpeMero, Koraro rpaA'F,r Karo croJrlrqa Ha Br.nrapns ce e HaMHpan B
cBoH n'l,reH pa3llBer. Baeauraficxare cBeAeHI4q ca o6aKHoBeHo KparKH, HercHH fi HerortHg, a B
Hqliol4 cJryrla{ I4 HeBepHI4. flo9ra BCHqKH ca BT ,B Bpb3Ka c BoeHHrz rn6urns H crloMeuaBar rpaAa
caivlo MHMoxo,u,ou, 6es Aa ce crlttpar HaporrHo Ha HeroBr.rre rpaAoycrpoficrneun H apxHTeKTypHn
2 Apt.ono.n", KH. l-2, 1959
r0

oco6eHocrr4, no-ManKo Ha rpaxAaHcKvs 6nr B Hero. Tara uanpaMep Bl'I3aHruitcrcunr fin-

a oue
caren ,IIte fiuawou, xortro e 6u.lt o.{esr{Aeq Ha 6urxara sa llpec.laa s 972 r. ' Karo ontlcBa
ragu 6nrxa, Ka3Ba, Ue aari-uanpeA pycr.rre ca or6pauaBanr4 fpaAcKara creHa, Kosro vMara 3'b-
6epu, u cJre,q Karo ts 6una ulypMyBana rz [peB3eTa or BI43aHrHfiIIure, pycnre ce orrer,'IHrll'I B
o6uxoreunq c flKa creHa UapcKH ABop, B rofiro ce rra3e,rro c'bKpoBHuero ua 6l.lrapure. CsrUure
y Apyr eagaHraficxri rrucareJl 'iloun
Cra,rzqa. Or resu H3Becrl4fl craBa
AaHHH HaMprpaMe r4 - eAHa BbHlrIHa,
,rcHo, ge flpec.uan e lrMaJr ABe KpenocTHlr cTeHI{ - KOfllo e olpaxAana
uenllfl
tpar,, v eAHa B.brperrrHa (oxo.rro uapcr{r4r ABop). ApxeolornuecKl,rre pa3KonKH IIorB:bpxAaBar
Han.bJIHo roBa Ll3Becrrae. HalrepeHr,r ca Aaxe u Kanaul4Te ua sl6epure' Kohlo ca
yBeHqaBaJI14

B6HIIIHaTa KpeIIocTHa cTeHa, a B eAHa oT KyJIaTe Ha Iox(HaTa rlopTa Ha BbTpelxHun rpa4 6e

e
or11pnra z eAHa 3JrarHa ra6nuurca,Korrro HaBrpHo 6u.na
qacr or ,c'bKpoBntrlero Ha 6l.nrapnre'.
I4snecrusra ua .IIrn AaaxoH u Crculut\a Larr4par or IIocneAHI4Te AHH na 6l.nrapcxara
cToJIHIIa U He cbAbpxaT HaKaKBr4 Apyrv cBeAeHHfl 3a Hefl ocBeH 3a Anere it KpeIIocTH, Kot4To
ca cloMeHarH 6er"qo caMo BGB Bp'b3r(a c pa3Bol Ha BoeHHHTe Aeftcreuq 3a 3aBraAqBaHero Ha
tpaAa. Ho r.r c.leA Karo flpec.nan zary6un cBoero sHaueHze Karo norIHrHllecKI'I a KynrypeH
UeHTtp na 6.unrapnre, HeroBara MVHaJIa cJIaBa He yracHana H HeroBoro xMe IIpoA'bJlx{aBa Aa ce
MspKa B r{crop[riecKara H rrr,Telr.rcHara nllreparypa or XII ao XIX e. VIrpucu, Hnrzra Aro-
MrjHar, fxon Eonrapcr4yc, XaAxu Ka,rQa, flerrp 6or4an, Kapcten Hu6yp, Mapcz.nn, KaHzu I1 rpytn
ca ocraBIrJIH KparKr,r 6e.nexru 3a flpecran, Ho 3a c'bxaJleHl4e BCI'IqKI4 Te3I4 aBTopl4 rlumar 3a
Heto, Koraro rofi e 6u.n Beqe B pagBaIIVHvl floqru BCI{qKI{ loAr{epraBar,
r]e HflKora flpeclan e
6u.t rolsu u sa6erexrireJreu rpaA, 3aeMaru npocrpaucrBo, rto-rorrMo, orKo.rlKoro llapurpag, H
qe creHfiTe My 6utu c'srpaAeHu or 6erz qererprl4rt4 xauua. Cauo sklzanruhcr<ust I4cropHK
Hnrsra Axouunar (naua.no XIII s.) cbo6ulaBa, ue flpec.naa e 6un MHoro crap lpaI, HanpaBeH
I,t3uflno or rIeqeHH Tyxltu. Apxeo.norzvecKr{Te I4gcJIeiBaH?ttt aorB'bp}(AaBar noqrr BctrtlKl4 Te3u
cBeAeHr4s: ll o6urzpnara repr{Topr4fl Ha tpa4a, n crpoex(a Ha l(penocrHuTe creHl4 H ABopIIoBI{Te
crpa,qa or torreMz BapoBr.rKoBrr 6.[oxoee. CaMo useecrzero Ha Hurzra Axouluar 3a rleqeHare
TyXJIX KaTO CTpOI4TeneH MaTepllan CTOI4 3acela LI3OJII4paHO H HenOTBbpAeHO' 3aIIIOTO HanpaBe-
Hr{Te Aocera pa3KorrKn ca orKp}rJrrz nocrpofixa cbc crenl,t npeAI-rMHo or KaMbK' rAero neqeHara
ryxna ulpae cT,B'bpneHo He3Haql4TeJIHa ponq.
Cpeqy ra3r.r qyx(Aa r.rcropr.rqecKa r{ rrr,renrdcHa Jll{Teparypa, Kotlro HH AaBa caMo ocK'bAHH
cBeAeHarr 3a BTopara croJrI4IIa ua Bt.nrapr,rq or ro-K6cHo BpeMe H MHolo Ma,/IKo LaHHvr 3a Bpe'
Mero, Koraro flpeclae e 6u,r flo.rurur{ecKo cpeAl.rue ua 6'atrapure x KyJITypHo orHI'Iue, Koero
e np.bcKaJlo npocBeTa u I43KyCTBO r.t B C'bCeAHATe CIaBqHCKI,I AbpXaBLr, cTou eAI4H AOMaUeH
HcropgqecKr4 r43Bop, xofiro HMa MHofo no-roJlflMa crofiHocr or BcaqKH
qyxAlz l43Bopl'i' 3auloro
flpoyrgxoxAa or Haqaroro sa X B. a e rrncaH or eAI4H cbBpeMeHHI'lK Ha rlap Cnueos. Anroplr
e xI4BruI B croJrl,ruar a IJIV 6nueo Ao Heq u e 6nt oqeBI4AeII Ha roBa' 3a Koero e nuca.l- Togu
ueHeH H3Bop e l3BecrHoro ct,ltuHeHue ,UlecroAneg' Ha VIoaY Exsapx,
c'bcraBeHo r'll'lrlHo 3a
Cplueou. LllectoAHee.br He e rlcropuqecxo cGtlI4HeHLIe, Koero pa3Ka3Ba 3a xHBora Ha 6lmapure
u onvcBa cpe,qara, B Korrro re xr.rBerrr. Tauusa KHHru or 6t.lrapcxa aBTopH He ca Aocrlal.IJalrv
Lgecro.u,Hesrr e 6orocaoncro-Qz.locoQcro rbJIKyBaHe Ha pa3Ka3aHoro B Bu6nusra ct'-
Ao Hac.
TBopegre Ha cBera, Koero 6uto ,,userp[IeHo B Irlecr 4ul.t".3atoea I{ cbuuHeHfiero Ha fioan Er-
3apx ce cbcron or rrrecr r.nana (c.nona). Ho BbnpeKU orBJIerleHLIfl xapaKTep Ha reMara B To3I4
TpyA HMa :ll3pasv n flaca)Kvr, Kor4ro orpaaqBar HsKoId crpaun Ha roraBa[Inara 6l'nrapcra 4eli-
crBr4TeJlHocr.l Oco6eHo BaxHr4 IIo cBorrra l]'bJrHora H no cBoero KoHKperHo cbAbp)KaHl{e
ca
e.u,HH MlIl or rbp)KecrBeHo
ABa orK.bca, KoHTo olr{cBar )KriBo H o6paeHo Czlaeouoeara croJlnua,
BaceAaHge B ABopeqa, o6lex.noro Ha rlaps u 6o.rrpHre 14 Hafi-cerHe eAflH noprper Ha Cnueou,
r,t3rrr4caH Ha eAHa or ABoprIoBHTe creHu. TosH 6orar I4 Harl'bJIHo AocroBepeH I't3roqHI'lK e npe-

r IO. TpfleoHos. Cee.qegr.rs na crapo6rmapcKlls xuBor e LLIecroAHesa nahoaua Ereapxa" CnSAH, XXXV
19, 1926, l-26.
 1i

Bex,-raH yHoroKparno B Hcropr.lqecKaTa H apxeonorlrqecKara kHLIxHHHa,l Ho LI .qocera rofi Hq[,Ia

ToqeH [peBoA, KoI?To Aa to Ha[paBu IUnpoKo .qocrbneu H 3a H3cJIeABaI{n, Kolaro He ce [on3yBar
ceo5o.{Ho or crapo6'rarapcKr4 eezr. Ero 3aulo HHe rue ce orraraMe .{a flpeAnox(I{M TyI( TaK'bB npeBoA,
c.'Te,{ KaTo HanpaBHM KpaTbK KOMeHTap H yTOqHr{M HflKoH HeqcHI{ r{3pa3v H TepMIrIIu B TeKcra.
LllecroAHeebr Ha ftoan Ersapx He e 3ana3eH B oparHHaJI. Crulecreyear o6aue qerupn
npelgca or no-Kbcuo BpeMe, Kor4ro ce rta3lr a Mocrsa (Ne 54, 55, 57 z 5B). Hafi-craparr or
rax (j\b 54) e udnpaeeH n 1263 r. or Teo4op lpan,rarux n cpt6cra peAaKunfl. C.reAnaurnqr no
BpeMe [penr4c (Ne55) e n cpe4Ho6bJrrapcKa peAaKqr.Ifl v l,arrpa or XV n. OcraHalsre ABa npe[rca
ca Ha pycKll npaBoruc 14 npolr3xoxAar or XVI, pecn. XVII e.
flpeno4ure, Kor4ro ca o6Hapo4BaHH y Hac, ca lto rperlnca ua Teo.4op fpauarrr (Nb 54),
xofiro e HBAaAeH or O. M. BoAsscrnti u A. Ilonos.2 flpenucvlre or 1263 r. (No 5a) Hot XV s.
(I"s 55) ce .{onr,JrBar BBar.rMHo, a c roBa ce rz3scHqBa noqrI4 HaII'bJIHo I{ KoHreKcrbr lta HHTepe-
CyBAIIIIITC HU IIACA)KI,I.
Tyx zsno,nayBaMe Karo ocHoBeE reKcra no cpr6crzr rpaBo0I4c na Teo4op lpauarzr (Ilb 54)
floHexe rofi e nafi-crap. CzuraxraqHnTe H peqHHKoBLITe Bap?tanrlt ro cpe4no6urapcKvlfl. npenac
("\'s 55) or6ersseaMe roA uepra.s

au
" o"'"'J;; ;,""" ;ui,"
o n ra c a H H e n n3 6 o n g p II r e
" x;:;; rx', Jui
lAroxe cnnprArt H NHqJL rf,eKb H cTfANNh nfHUAa nps,4llete' Kb nf'EBofAML r{'Nc}Kto3,

ABof8 H KHA.EBL rcn 4,HBHT'ce. H ngncroynHtsb r(b B1AToML '1roAHTb cc EbnfAuAta. H rcrjst
BburcAb snjri'r NA os.b crfaN.B Xfansr croturs oyr(fAtxcNht ra,ueHirclls n Alcroutu HcnLcANht.

H nporerc ra
ABofht1L BbluAb H 0\I3f.BBb noAATLr Bhrc0KL,l H tlfr(BH npirospltst7 septo4,a,8 tca,-
u*{HEMh H A9.BKoML H txafoMb, n:oyrgnn ifie a,,ljar',rojotutto H Mci,Hro,t' cjesyotlt H 3AAToMI
Tr.r N B.BAhr .rcoMlt' ngnnoxnrn HXL He BB so recTat3 KHAtAb NA cBotH 3cMAH T0f0 fApB.B
\Lr3Lr cAAMusr oysoratt Tnls raro ntu notoystsb cH oyML 'rtoAHTL c HMb roYr7' Nbl8 AUe c
npna,oyrnratn rcuoy n rcHe3l'o BHA.BTH c.EAtlra, Bb cfArr'B BHcfoML n0tcLr4,aN'8," rfHBNoy tleraeoy"
NA BhrH NoceqrAn wsjoyrH" Ha, joyrcoyr'4 nora,coMb BbALfbMHToMn2t noaclHl H MLIL'u 3AATr
nfH sc1f.B Br-rcculh H oEA, noAhr rro solcyst2T ctAeuc sa pllrlXl rjneHa[n n noa,c*[n n
rvsjoyrs[n n28 a,qre rcro KTo BbnfAuAKTL KbpBfAtlLtxA c HAt' cBoN 3eMAru gerclt3o 'tro BtA'E T],Mo,
f'rcrb
ll B'BA'E r(a,rco Bbcn0Bcj,\TH" roro. Cnon Bt3'sHcre otH *M*lc" S,oct.oHH*'n rm3rHrn ce 's rjlcorc.
nac: IO. Tpru0ouon. fioas Eraapx h HetoBoro onu-
1llocoqeaMe caMono-HoBr.tretlpeBolur.rrbJIKyBaHusy
caHrle Ha qoBeuKoro 1929, r<n.2, 181 6e,r.;B. Kuce"rxos. 6r'.trapcrara KIlI4xHuHa lpes Ctlueo-
rr,ro,6r,rrfl, I,
HoBire BeK. C6. B's.lrapran 1000 ro,uunn, CoQan, 1930, 732, n orl,etHara My Kuura noA c'tuloro 3arJlaBlte, Cocbug,
lg{3,59; Kp.MHrreB. Etlrapcr<oror-r3KycrBonpes IX u X n. C6.Btlrapna 1000rolr.trr.r, I74; M. lenon, I-[ap
CurreoHoehqr BeK B nureparypara. 6[4F, I, 1928, xn. 4, 107; 14s. Ayfluea. Crapa 6rarapcKa KHhxHriHa,1,2 uep,.,
.y-16. 86; H. MaBpoAurios. OrilcaHuero Ha flpecaas s Lllecronueea safroas Exsapx. I,Illp., XI, 1955, xn.3,66 cl.
e LLIecrorHes, cocraBreHHblii Ioanou 3xsapxov Eorrapcxnu. Mocrna, 1874.
3 Hono hsaaHlae na LUecroaneBa rorBll 6'r,,rrapcrnrr y"eH I4B. I-rll6os, xoilto ulta .uo6ptznara aa Mu ycny)+c.r
J rpei,uc Ha orHacsu{I.ire ce ao flpec,rau lacaxu tro plKonllca or XV n, (Nr 55).
B or XV s. (,1V, 55) : 1. nocer'tHnns; 2. n3s4a,,re't croh cnea AB0f8 ; 3. tcsnxlctcoL,r8 i 4. ua-
prxorruca
l\ cHaro ; 5. rr,n,r rg'a i 6. crer ayN4ara "\fBBoMb cneaBa c-blo3br tt , 7. oyAlosfeNLr i B. sepn roaa. i 9. n3t ergti
10. r,rf\t.rofter"r,i ll. c,rel MrAHr{ crouc'bto36r ri 12. rstorvrS; 13. nsnycnaroi 14. XLr}fiHqA cAAM'ENLr n oy
sorsr I nl 16. nurrcaa;18. noror,ri 19. nfHr(^rcrurh; 20. 4a.1si 21. nocsrna,Ht nJ 22. SAArn; 23. oslnru-i
15.
2-1.
imrio\. n i 25. r,reprurrr0K0r,,rL; 26. r"rerui 27. se,runxxl 28.
'rnl 29. ral 30. jercsi 31. ncnorca,a'rui 32. euri
33. or.;una,,rcl 34. .a,ocronnol 35, ce ron'
I
1'2

OnucaHrrre na o6JreKJIoro a CurvteoH r.r cBeAeHarr 3a noprperHa

H
xIrBorrHc B flpecJraB B I crono (,u. 19)
l-Aro so H cMfrAAA te4s rtH'truhN'tra, rilKo)r( N C0YTb BHABAA KNG3A Kb cfA,|I't 3^],TAMH

NHlll hMH [JhBeNA H HA BblH ffHBNoY 3AAToY NoceUA H n0filCOMb ts?,AtrfLlvlHT0lvlb n'En0t},CANA H n0

nAeuhMA BHt'f0Mn n0K?nAAhlA H ML'rh HocculA 3AAT?,, TH AA BHUJG H NA cT'Er{'8 8HA.'BAH EbnbCANb r(

LXA,f oML, 0Yr(fArrleN?, TAI(010 xA( oyrea.giro, ro lcoA'MA $ EHUG AHEHAH floMhrcA'Bl{qrc H fcKoYUe
It
KAI(O Tt cH cAM BoYAcTb HCT0B H ](fACCN tAH T0 WSfA,3b CHt[h [f0 fc ']KAeNb.

B ropnure ABa orKtcJleKa ce cpeuar HrrKorKo LyMu v Jrcpa3v c HeqcHo 3HaqeHae, Koero
3arpyAHqBa pas6zpauero 14 TorrHoro zM rlpeBexAaHe Ha c'bBpeMeueH 6r,rrapcxn esax. Texuilqr
cMHc.bJI o6a,le N,toxe na 6'bne pa3Kpar r{pe3 rnqrRr.rcraqeH aHailv3, Ho B HqKoa c,,ryLIaI4 ce Ha-
rata r,a ce norbpcl,r noMoxr r4 or apxeo,rorrirrecKrl AaHHn. B c.nerurare peAoee HLre ule ce oIlH-
TaMe Aa .u,aAeM T'bJrKyBaHe Ha oHe3r,r HeqcHrr a3pa3v vI AyMt4, KoI{To Mr.rc,'rHM, qe ca npnqI4HnilLl
pa3JrHqHflTaB .4OCelaIrIHure 6'lnrapcKa npeBoAa Ha ro3l a3Bop.
1. Cr,.,rjt4r,. I-lpenex4a ce or BcHqKri cr,c ce.nnHtt.H,cellfl.K. Tona gHaqeHr.ie Ha AyMara ce

H3qcHqBa H c Bapr,raHTa noceA'BNHNL B p'bKonllca or XV n.

2. CrprHenr. y M. leHon lyriuee - aytrd LtroBeK, y Maepo4rl-
nporuHqua/'LeH, y 14n.
-
HoB 14 TprQouon cmpd.HHux, y
KuceJrKoB a Maqren cmpaH.eH. Cuacr.ttrr Ha AyMara B
reKcra e
- -
uycrcd, HemyvaweH. Cpe. IlnueHKo.llonnufi qepxoBHocraequcxafi c.nonap, M.,
1899,670.
3" K'sexsr ABofb r,r Acofhrlh. V Kuce.nron - KHnucecKa doop, y Maepo4aloB - t{run-
ilcecnu daop (crotaua), y M. leHoe qapcKu daop, y [yiiuee qapcctl deope4, y Tpra-
- -
QoHoa aturueu daop.
-
Aeoguus. V Krjce,rros u ,[yr?uee - deope4, TpnQonon - cuupncKw daope4, Mufltee r.J

Maepo4aHon daope4 fttmpewen zpad).

-
Vlorpe6ara B reKcra na tloan Exaapx Ha ABe Qoprran Ha eAHa 14 c'bIIIa nyMa - ARofb,
ce flpornBofiocraBr ABofhqL Karo Herrlo
r4 yManuTeJllroro ABofLuL
- He e c,ryvafina. Ha 4reogt
gyx.u,eneurr
no-?o,4fl.t[o Ha Apyro He[to, Koero e no-.4laluoo. B,TH3a B KHxJ{ecKun daop npez
rroprr4 (eparrz) 14 BbpBrr rro y,'ruqa, or ABere crpaHn Ha Korrro crorrr nocrpofira (xtuqr.r). Karo
BJre3e rofi eux4a Be.qHara Br4coKr4 ilararz H II'bpKBH" 'l'ooa rr,rxyBaHe Ha KoHTeKcra
B daopeqa,
ce norB'bpx{l,aBa u or apxeo,'roluqecKfire AaHHU: o6urnpuoro npocrpaHcrBo Ha rpa4a e 6rz.no
otpaAeHo c KpenocrHa cTeHa, a B qeHT.bpa Ha fpaAa ce HaMfipa c'bluo orpaAeHo c flKa Ka-
MeHHH CTeHU rIO-MaJrKO rrpOCTpaHCTBO, B KOeTO Ca OTKpLrTt4 pa3Bar'IHHI4Te Ha l-O.rrflMa nocrpofixa
c6c or eApa LrerB'bpraru 6roxoee. flpra pasxonaBaHero Ha ra3u rocrpofixa ca HaMepeHI4
creHr4
v pagHv Apyl,r apxr.rrer(TypHl Marepr4aru, KorlTo rroKa3Bar, qe rq e 6una conuluo I43-
KoJroHLl
rpaAeHa z 6oraro yKpaceHa. Mecruoro npeAaHae ilapqqa pa3BaJIUHare Ha locrpolirara, ltpeAlt
oule re Aa 6tAar paBKpI4TH, ncapafi, epun, xoero 3Haqra Mrrcro Ha ABopeqa.l HqNaa c'bMHeHIre, qe

IIOHTTT|eTO ICbHAXL AB0fb, KOeTO nbpBOHaqaJIHo e o3HarraBaJIo KoMIITeKC OT npeACTaBnTeIHI',I

nocrpoftrn, u.bpKBr4 H xaJruula, e 6u,ro flpeHeceHo or I?oan Exsapx ts'bpxy IIeJIIiff rpaA B cMZca,J]
Ha KHflxecKa pe3r.rAeHr{v1fl, a c yMaJrr4renHara Qoprnta Ha ryMara ABofb e o3HaqeHa c'bxrl'IHcKara
pe3uAeHqHfl B recHltri cMr4c'bJt Ha AyMaTa, KOflTO B AHeUHara apxeonolrqecKa rI?lTepaTypa e a3-
BecrHa rIoA HMero ,,B'brpe[IeH tpaA'.
4. l(r nf.BBofAMb (Aar. naAex MH. r{. or nf'Bgofbr, pecr. eA. u. nj*roja,), y Kuce.nxoe -
ozpada, y Murren zpadcrcu nopmu, KpenocmHu Ky.xu, y M. leuon npuspamHu Ky/tu,
- -
r K. LU K o p l H a. llauerstqg or cronnua flpeclan, C6' Euraprln 1000 ro.qaHa, 193'

I
i!
:r
il
il

t
 13

. .:,,:-:rB - EucoK cmpoeJ{) npuspamHu K)//tu (86px)) cnoHqu), y .Ilyfi,lee H)/rl.u, no-
-- ::::--; Hs cnoHqrl, y Manpo4zHoB ctneHu. Or sclrqxfi npeBoAar{H cauo IO. TpuQonon
-. -";a -
Ja o6ffcHl ToBa noHfiTI,Ie, Karo ro cB'bp3a ert4MoJlorHqecKI4 cbc crapopycKara AyMa
.:Jr,. r,tqro roft uantepn.n n C.nonapq Ha I- drrueuro (crp. 9a), o6scaena Karo DorpaAa or Ko-
r-:-. \- L1. 14. Cpeaueacxarll AyMara Bof, B0l\ e pa3r'bnKyBaHa Karo otpaAa, nperpaAa c
..':=: Op, eap (cpz. JIL'TOBCKI4 suverti : saTBaPfM), rot"lro Ce Ha}/.upa H B AyMaTa 3ABf.bTH
:airzpau), 3;BgfHTH (:sauapara), 3a,rsopurn, 3A,TBof. Ctulaqr KopeH cnopeA Cr. MnaAeHon2
c Halrrpa n 6r,nrapcxare .uyMH o6op (nrt. o6eop), oftisop H rp,
He uoxe ra vua Hr,rKaKBo c'rrMHeHae, rle AyMara nf'BBofA nnH nftBofbr e LilecroAaeBa c'b-
- trt/ha c'bulnfl l(opeH aop. Ta e cbcTaBeHa oT npeAnora nf'E- n BofA eAHo c'br{eTaHr.re,
::'-,-.o e c'bBCeM o5axuoseHo e 6urapcxua H Apyrrrre craBrrHcKr4 eBHUr,r. IlpeA,rorrr nft-
,:a-i rlpli,lalaTeJlHo ZJIa C:buIeCTBHTe,rIt{O npu/].aBa Ha ,4yMaTa npeBHlIIeHO 3HaLleHUe. flpauepure
rl ,oBa ca 6ea6pofina: nf,'EsAAXeNb, nf'stsc^Hr(b, nff^mrcABb, nf.EfloAosbNb, nf.EcBAT?5, nf.BcAABhNb,
riteHirt, ngBMmAfocrb, ngEAcrL, nf't(Al,Bb u np. Cne4oBare.rrHo 14 ryK npeAnorbr nfr- rrpl,l-
-:.3a npeBHIrIeHo 3HaqeHHe Ha eoja. Toft e ynorpe6eH, 3a .qa ce r{3pa3u eAHO rroHflTHe, KoeTO

-l c-b.r'bpx{aHHe e ro-ro.[lMo or Vlorpe6reafira AyMara [f.EBof?'t, Vloan

o6ilKnoaeHara Bo/a,.
=,r3apx e HMa"n npeA BnA He KaKBa Aa e o6LtxHoaeHa nperpaAa riilr{ orpaAa, a Herrro MHoro
- lr-:O'lf \1O h Be,llHqeCTBeHO, KoeTo Ce II3[paBf Ollle OTAaneq npeA OrttITe Ha CTpaHHHKa H tO
-,:'.-13a. C)6crosre,rycrBoro, qe AyMara e AaAeHa B MHox(ecrBeHo qr4cro, noKa3Ba ca,ulo, qe ce
::i--a: -1o HeIIlo, KOeTo npaBl4 BIIerlaTJIeHlle v c'bc CBOeTO MHo)KecTBO. Ho roq uoxe Aa 6tAe
. a:;| nperpa,na UJIa OrpaAa, KOgTO Ce BHX(Aa OuIe OTAaIeq, [peAH CTpaHHI4K'bT Aa Bne3e B

;:a:a? BegcrnaHeuo roBa e B'bHruHara Kpenocrfla creHa Ha flpecnae cbc cBoure g'b6epu u 6ofiuu rcynu.
,Il,yrrlara nf'EBof?rt cr'c sHaqeHHe Ha KpenocrHa creHa uMa Ha crapo6r.nrapcKH eAHH cHHo-
r;|,i. xofiro e o6pasynaH c'bu{o c npeAJlora nj*-. Tona e AyMara n/t3HAr a anoxprzoHoro ct<ApA-

rili ttcll'e nf0f0r(A l(Ar(0 thSNccNh Bt'lcT[, AfreAoMh 3,0 3-r'o NeBerLt.3 Tosa Cxasaupre e [LrcaHo
..:e: XI B.orHeI43BecreH 6'brtapHH 14 c'bI1,px(a JleronacHu 6e.nexxH H3 Harlara Hcropnrr AoK'bM cpe-
:a:a Ha XI s. TesH 6e.nexra HgMar Ilo.rru HHKaKBO gHaqeHl4e Karo acropaqecxl r.r3Bop,4 Ho Bce naK ga
:lc e BaiKeH eAHH rracax, n rofito ce roBopn, ue Acnapyx cb3AA ffAAH BEAHt(l: H NA 4OunA,rS j,p'c-
ri'h rd.\Ah, 0Nr rh3AA H BAHtr nf'BpHAL orb A0YNABA A0 Mof, 0NLchpAAHnlhctcA r1a4. B ro3r4 rracax(
atsrop'br Ha CxagaHuero e yrlorpe6un uspaza BeAHK Irf'BpHAhr Ba.zla o3Harru eAr.IH or rpu re BaJra, Korzro
ce rpocrxpar n /lo6py,u,x(a or llynan 4o uepHo Mope Mex(Ay uepHa BoAa r.r KrccleHAxa. Kacae ce
r-Hr|pHo 3a ,,KaMeHHnfl" BaJt, HapeqeH TaKa 3a pa3nvKa oT Apyrure ABa, KOHTO Ca 3eMJIeHH,
3auoro ceBepHHrrr lry QpoHr e o6.lraqosaH crrc 3?u, or toJIeMH KaMeHHH 6.norone, ruHpoK no-
Beqe or 2 Nr u BHcoK Ao 3 rra.6 Cera rogu sal e IIoqrH pa3pylrlen, Ho rrpeg XI a. rofi ilre Aa
e 6un B MHoro no-4o6po cbcrogHlle H e npaBeJI Bce orrle HMnogaHTHo BrreirarJreHr4e. 3a Hac
He e Ba)r(Ho Aanl,r aBTOp'br Ha cragaurero e ilpaB, I(aTo TB'bpAH, qe To3H san e 6un nocTpoeH

1 Marepua,ru aJ'rc croBapr JtpeBuepyccKoro s3btKa. Cn6., 1893.

2 ErnMo,rornqecKr.r lr npaBonficeH peqHltK ua 6'ulrapcxur KHfixoBeH esux, Co$un, 1941.
3 l43naneHo Hafi-Hanpea or,rl. CroflHonuq s Cnol.teuur Cpu. Kpan.aKaA,,lll, l8g0.HosoHsaaHHeHanpaBH
p : a H 14 BaHoB. Eorovuncnn HHltrtt n nereHAll. Corpun, 1925, 273-287.
a Cpe. n, MyraQunen. Cr',n6r.crute Ha cpeaHoBekonnar.{ptclr,p.C6. Ct,rncrpa r.r flo6pyaxa, l16 cl.;
,leaHog. I-1.c.,274;n. Kpr'n,(xanoB. Balonete nflo6pyaxar.rEecapa6r.rnunpa6r,.nrapcxarareopug.
,r; 19-13, 78-80.
'C. Schuchhardt. DieAnastasins-Mauer bei Conslsnlinopel und die Dobrudscha Wiille, Jahrb. d.
..-.. c,r.;CrurHsr' DiesogenanntenTrajanswzille inderDobrudscha.Adhandl.
.irchaeol. Inst., XVt, 1901, 118
- -.. .\\ad. d. Wiss., Berlin, 1918,28 cr.iKp6H.qxaros. l{. c., 14 ea.
14

or Aclapyx, e no-Bax(Ho, rre npe3 XI e. rona MoHyMeHraJrHo yxpenr,rreJlHo cbop'br(eHl4e,

3a Hac
AbJrro oKoJro 12 xu, ce e Hapr4rlaJo ua 6r.nrapcru flf'E3HAb. Tasu 4yua ce c:bcroa or oc-
HoBa 3HAb, Koero 3Harrrl KaMeHHa crera,l 14 npeAJlor nf(-, Ba Aa ce ltpu,l1aAe rIpeBH[IeHo aHa-
qeHae Ha noHqrl,rero pHAb. 3a aa ce gacn,'ur orue noBer{e roBa noHnrrle, aBToptT na CxasaHuero
e HapeKbJr npe3HAa olue fi BeJrfiK.
C.le4onare.nHo npe3 X r XI s. 6t.lrapare ca rjMaJrH 3a MoHyMeHraJIHI4re yKpenureJIHH
c:bop1,)KeHr.lrr ABe .r(yMz: nf.hEolA pr n0.B3HAT,. 3aA rega AyMn Kpr.le JrA ce o6aqe HsKaKBa
HroaHcI4poBKa Ha lloHrrnero ? Hze ruaue ocHoBar{He Aa nocraBvM To3r4 B'brrpoc, noHe)I{e KaKTo
Br4AflxMe no-rope, .u,yMara Bo/b, B0fA Ha crapopycKa o3HaqaBa drpaena npezpada.3Ha.{n JII4 roBa,
qe H npec,raBcKare yKpe[,reHr.rq ca 6unu ]L'apaetr4 v ca ce HapaqaJrH nftBof?l 3a pa3nnKa or
KaMeHHATe, 3a Konro ce e yfiorpe6seana AyN{ara flr.B3HA' , BeAHKr, nf'b3HAtr ? 4'rpneHa orpaAn
Ha ce.rrgula ca 6unv ueqo o6uraoBeuo B ApeBgocrra, oco6eHo B crpanr, r.4ero e uMaJIo MHoto
ropr.r, a MaJrr(o KaMr,K. C no6nrl A'bpBeHrz rpeAr.r e 6z.u yrpeneH r.j ayar,r Ha Kpyrnr n flazcra.z
Haacraua Hr4e 3aK.rrror.lasaMe or cBe4eHzqra na JI'bs /{uaxou u il,oatt Crz.urqa, qe rpaAcKI4Te
creHU Ha flpec;raa ca 6vttu Kar4eHHrr. ApxeonoravecKure H3c,re,trBaHHrr norB'bpxAaBar roBa 3a-
KJIIoqea?Ie.Ho zgeecrufrTa Ha ezgaHruficxate aBTopI4 ca or nocJIe.u,Hr4Te roAHHlr Ha flpec.lan
Karo croJrr.rqa, a LLIecroAHeB'r,r ua floau Eraapx e rrr4caH B HaqaJroro Ha X u. , xoraro Mo)Ke
6z flpec,rran xre Aa e r.rMaJr onre A'bpBeHr.r Kperrocrur creHr4, KoHTo rro-K'bcHo ca 62,ltn aaNae-
HeHI4 c KaMeHHI.I, KaKTo e craHaJro roBa B fl'lr.tcxa. Moxe 6r.i cto6uteur,rero B cnoMeHaroro no-
rope CrasaHlire Ha npopox I,Icafi, qe CHrueou tscAHr(Lt rfAAr lTgacllss cL3AA. H flfBcAAB
ffAAH H chShlA),. rcN. A'BTb, oTpa3qBa HMeHHo raKr.rBa yKpenr.rreJrHu cTpoexH, Kor4To ca npo-
ITItxtuIr4 28 rog.unu.
flpu aanca Ha HoBIr r.tcropuqecKtl r.r apxeo.[oruqecxn AaHHH HLIe He MoxeM gacera Aa
orloBopuM Ha Bbnpoca, AaJIU B Har{aroro na X n. flpec.uan e uMaJr AbpBeHI4 creHH, Koltro
ftoaH Eraapx e HapeKrrJr cbc cnequarrHoro r4M Ha3BaHr{e nf.Bsofbr, Lurr4 rrbK n'bpBoHaqaJrnoro
3HarieHr.Ie Ha rasn AyMa e r,o6uno no-o6u cMr4c.bJr u ce e ynorpe6rsaJro ri 3a ogHalraBaHe Ha
MOHyMeHTaJTHa KpenocTHa orpaAa oT KaMbK, Tyxna H Apyr MaTepflan.
5. Kga.usr. V Masten sdanun, y Kracenron usduzuamu czpadu, y M. lenon u ilyfi-
- -
qeB zote-Mu czpadu, y Manpo4zHoB nocmpotircu. Ha crapo6urapcKn AyMara o3HaqaBa
-
sro6ue coJII{AHa nocmpotiKa, sdanue,-K6u/a Hil4 ut?rpKla. flosexe 3a KyJrroBr4 nccrporixlr
froan Ersapx ynorpe6aBa cflerlra,rrHrzrr repMaH ufbrcrr4, or AyMara X9AM cle.[,Ba Aa ce pae6upa
B CMLICIJI Ha CO;IU.U,Ha silH totsMa xu.narqria crpa4a. Ha roJreMuTe rrpecnaBcKlr ffiu1a Ersapx
npoTHBonocTaBq craMeHzTe xn)I(H B CenaTa.
6. 0yrcllLUeNLt : flpEr]acrHe or urafon oyKfAcHTH c'bc 3HaqeHve yrcpacn\a.u.v Maaten,
Kuce,troa, lexon ra flyfruee yKpacenu, y Manpo.qr4HoB
- oqsemeHu.
-
7. [psoun V Mnsren
l{cnhcANLr. usruapeu.u c dbplo, y Kvce.rron -- HaluapeHo dopeo,
-
y lenon rz flyltuee y Manpo4uHoB - yKpdceHu c dtpao. Bcr.l,{ra
usnbcmpeHrl c dtpao,
-
T'bIKyBaHHfi Ca HenpaBHJIHLI, 3aUOTO TJIaTOJIbT HcnhCATH He 3HaqH HHTO IIIapq, HLITO a3I'bCTpqM'
Hnro yr(pacssaM. Heroeoro roqHo 3HaqeHHe e uanuc*alL{, uspucy*a.il[ c KpacML (cpn. ua4nncure
n Bogucrara rItpKBa * NAnHcA cA, e florauoscKnrr MaHacrap nonHcA c6, B II'bpKBara npu
c. Ka.rroruHa H3nHcA ca, ra 4p.). Cuscrarr Ha ro3a l{3pa3 ce ulsrcHflBa or npenuca or XV e.
-
1 Miklosich.Lexicon, 3uA6 :mutus, rEi|oe; .il,rqqeHKo, crp. 201, xaMeHHaq creHa.
yfi,reB. Hosu xnruftHr{ AaHrrr4 3a noxoAa na Hnrt$opal n Braraprar npes 811 r. CnBAH, LIV,
z Vla. n
1936, 147-188; Kp. Mricren. Kpyuoeuqr ,qBopeq lr apyrn HoBoorKpltrn nocrpoilrx e flrHcra. t4At4, XIV,
1940-1942, rr7.
 l5

(.\. ,rr. i.l.ero ce qere: 0vr(fArxNLr r(a,MeNrM H AffBoMh H HcnhcANhr, Koero 3Haqn yKpaceHH c
:{arr::i ;: -lbpBo u ulilacalv (c rpacxu), T. e. ocBeH yl(paceHlr c KaMbK H ,rbpBo, Klbrurdre ca
:i,-.-i,. z.znu,calr H c KpacKH (c 6or4zcanu Qaca4Ia ?).
8. H njorerc : flo-Hararrx. C raBH AyMa He 3aBbpluBa Qpaaara, a c Herr Ba[oqBa creA-

.-.. = : H rfolerc Bb ABoft[L BburA : H no-naraTbK B ABopeqa, Karo BJIe3e.

9. H34osjeHsr (npenrlc or XV B. oyAosfcNsr). V Mrrres fi leuos y Klrcer-
-yapaceHu,
ri. ;r lr.riqeB ))Kpdceruu (omatn), y ManpoArrHoB pasxy6aaeH,u. Ocuona Ha .qyMara e
- -
r:;,.-a:are.rnoro A0BfuH, V CpeeHencraft (Marep:aailbt Errfl croBapq, 1056) aaru.rrKyBauo lttpd,cfrsat't,
10. SeproAa (npernc or XV B. B3broAA). V Mnrren z ,{yliuee ._ HerpeBe,4eHo, y
:,r,-r.:xon rz lenon -- usoduttuo, y ManpoAr.rHoB - .tLttozo, y TpHQonoB --oms6H.. V Cpes-
-;e:ci'Hii (Marepza.ru.539) npeneVeuo 6esuepno.Brvr.1esttepu.o Moxe Aa ce Ka)r(e u npeKor{epH.o.
11. uJrpa. V MHsres, leuon, Maepo.a,Hnon -- 6ou, y Kucelron 6aepu, y ,4yliqee
;itap|u. I4cruncroro 3HaqeHae Ha AyMara e Kpa,cKa, 6on, no B cnyqarr -Mo)Ke Aa ce pae6upa a
-
[Berua raogal?xa unu pvrcyBana o6arzqoabr{Ha KepaMrxa. C;reAoBareJruo c r(pacr(H ca 6unu yxpa-
ceHH OTB6H He CaMO K:brrluTe B rpaAa, HO H TIaJIaTHTe n IIbpKBnTe BbB B'bTpeUIHHq rpaA
(:nopeua).
12. flora.cn B?,^bfbMHrb(e npeluca or XV B. noilcb e,rejr'.rnroel). TurysaHero na TpzQo-
iroB Karo nonc rcadufieH e npneMraso.l
13. Cjarca. O6uloro 3HalreHr.re e pula, Ho ryr( rpt6ea Aa ce npeBeAe c AyMara dattna-
mu4a. F,oflro e .['bJrra Ao rroA KoJreHere Apexa c p.bKaBH.
14. fpnrHl llTABA,. Orrplnqa or Bepa)KKa unn Merarruecru o6prv, Ha roliTo ca BaKa-
qeHH IloHerz (qarl) ilnvr Kp'btlrlr, flracrunxlz.z

15. 0yv'tl't (n rpennca or XV e. oyr,lca,rt) or rJraroJra oyM'trH : 3H?ff, pas6rapau

eg, Mota.
-\'lt
C"lea ropuure paaqcHeHvrr Ha rpyanopas6rzpaeMr4Te H3pagrz 14 AyMLt npeBoAr,r Ha.u,Bara
oTKbc,'reKa lroIyqaBa cJre,qHaTa peAaKuHf :

Orrrc or VI cloBo ("r. 195)

Axo [aarofi] ce,rnnuu, ,roeex 6eAeH fi crpaHeH [He ryranren], xaro aofiAe orAa,'rerr KbM
ii:::rocrHuTe cTeHH Ha KHrrxecKHrr ABop [xHaxecrara croJrr{ua : BbH[rHss rpa4] z KaTo rr.r
B;1-rrl, ce yrvBJrflBa. V rcato flptrcrbrrn K'bM Bparrrre, Tori ce rryAr.r l,r pasnnrna. A Karo BJIe3e
r:rle [e rpana], Bax(Aa or .(Bere cn crpaHr4 [roneuu] crpanw [xrura], yKpaceul4 c KaM'bK H
-:rBo H H3flHcaHLl [6oaancaHa]. 14 xaro B,'re3e no-HarartK B ABopeqa [nrrpeurHua rpa4] a en4u
:il:oKllre ilaIlaTH lunn sucoxun nanarl H rl'bpKBHTe, rrpeKoMepHo yKpaceHH c KaM'bK, ,q'bpBo H
:.:a:trH fnrcrpa KepaMarrHa o6.tuqonxa ?], a ornrrpe c MpaMop t,t MeA [6poHe] v c'bc cpe6po
.: r..aTo. He 3Hae Ha KaKBO Aa M OlpUIrAqU, 3aUIOTO B CBOqTa SenAA [y.4OMa CI,r, na Ce.lo] Ue
: :,:.::-a,'I rona [,Upyro] ocnen xv)Kt4, cJIaMeHH w 6el.uu, ta I4M ce sy/.u raM, Karo .u,a cr4 e
.:-';a;'.: r'rra. Ho (prrconnc Ne 55 c.ne4 rora) aKo My ce cnyql u Ktssa Ia BuAr4, ceAqrt
-
i..:-=--' e o6cunaHa c 6rcep 1ailMarvra, Hoceq Ha LnuflTa cH IIeraBa orbpJllrqa, a Ha p'bllere
-i: ,l;i::u. npenacaH c BenypeH [raanQeH] rrosc H c Br{ceu Ha 6e4poro 3JrareH Meq, a or
-=:l- r,tv cTpaHH ceAHaJIr4 6onxpu c6c SJIaTHH Orbpnl,Iqr, ilofrcu u rpHBHr4 u aKo HfKofi ro no-
r;r:a, -{oiaro ce BbpHe B cBosra eerur [y AoMa cH, na ce.no] KaKBo e BHAqn rau, rofi rle Kaxe,
-: :e 3itae I(aK Aa ro pa3Kaxe. cartao cbc cBoI,ITe oqli Br{e 6nxte uorlB ,(a ce qyAaTe, KaKTo
cfc5aea, Ha ra3u Kpacora.

I hJ. TpnQoHos. CaeleHHn,1l.

: K:, ll ri fl r e B. Hoeoorrpuro crapo6r,,'lrapcxo cbrpoBuue. l4{l4, VilI, 1934, 249 cn,
 Orxrc or I crroBo (n. 19)
3auroro aro B'bHrlHr.t [He ryxauur.r] cencxn ,rro4e [xorro] He ca Bwt/.anr4 xHrsa [o6,neueu]
B H3BE3AHA CbC 3,IIATHH HI4IUKI,I ]\AilMATUKA, C'bC 3JIATHA OIbPNI{qA HA I]fI4flTA, C BCIYPCH NOqC
,
npenacaH a 3r'IareH Meq Hoceflr, re Va 6uxa [ro] nrzle.nu H3nr4caH Ha creHara c r(pacr(H r,r yKpa-
ceH c'Lc c'blllo raKHBa HaKuTt4, To KoJlKo NtHoto 6uxa ce y/.-i-BnflBailr.l) Ka'ro cr4 rloMficJls.t t4 cu
pexar [xaro ct npeIcranxr] xar rofi [xHnsr'r] caM B Aeiicrnure.qHocr rl1e 6t4e xpacaB, ruoM
ro3a HeroB o6pas e roJrKoBa qyAeH.
*

fopnure aBa orK'Itrca n LllecroAneBa Ha iloaH Er:apx ca KparKH, Ho 6oraro Hacr4TeHH c

acropHqecKo cT,A'bpxaHae. Il rfix ca cr-r,creHH AaHHH ea o6uafl rpaAo,VcTpoftctneH rl.rraH Ha
flpeclan, 3a KpenocrHare creHli Ha n'bHrrrHufl rpa4, la rpaAcxr,rre floprr,I u 3a yJrr4uuTe, Kohro
ca 3acrpoetJn or ABere crpaHH c r('bulr.r, yKpaceHH c Kar4'bK n AT,pBo n 6osn,ncasa oratH. Tyx
ce HaMeKBa Il 3a BbrpetrlHHfl r a4, e rofiro a\,ra Br4coKH Krjqx(ecKa nalrarr4 H [peKo\{epHo vKpa-
ceHH IIIpI(BI4 OTB'IH C KaMbK, A'bpBo I4 KepaMl4rrHa O6laqoexa, a oTB'bTpe c MpaMop H
yKpacl4 or Me.[, (6pous), cpe6po 14 3.rlaro. i4oau Eraapx e ri rr,Ha,x ua6,rroAarel :-rofi pa3,rruqaBa
Ka.iltbKa (nepoaruo aaponNr), ylorpe6ea 3a BbHrrrHa yxpaca ua nocr;lofii<fire, or .t[pd,ruopa, xofiro
yKpacfBa BbrpeuHocrra Ha Il'bpl(sure. flo-Hara'rbK aBTop'br nporr4BorrocraBq Ha Be./rr4KoJrenHHTe
cro/laqHl4 nocrpolirH 6enHnre cJIaMeHIz xonu6u Ha ceJrcKue HapoA, To,luo u o6pasao orracBa
rolZ o6'ner<loro H HaKHTHTe Ha KHrr3 Canreou r.r 6o.tnpzre My B MoMeHT Ha rbpxecrBeHo 3ace-
AaHue. Hati-noc.ne Hae LIMaMe I{ eAHo flper(pacHo yr(agaHne 3a c.buecrByBaHero Ha noprperHa
)I(HBoIIr4c no creHr.rre Ha ABope[a vru B Il.bpKBHTe n flpec,rrae orrle B Har]adroro Ha X n.
Tarosa 6orarcrno or nbJrHorlerrHn naHHr.l 3a Ky/rrypara Ha BenuxH llpec.lan e u3HeHaA-
BATIIO B CTAPO6.I.NTAPCTATA KHHXHHHa. MHoro oT Te3H AaHHH ca TIoTB:bpAeHpI Beqe oT
'IBJIEHI4C
apxeoJlorl4qecKure paBKolKI4, Ho MHoro or rsx rpn6na Aa ,rrefHar B n,TaHa ea 6t4erurare a3cJIeA-
BaHI4q KaTO OpUeHTilpOB],qHtr IIOKaSaTeJIH.
Ho Asara orxtca n filecroAneBa I4Mar He car,ro crofixocr Ha n'bpBoKJraceH ucropuqecKr.r
H3Bop. Te ca cbueBpeMeHHo u /..Ba_npeKpacHE rroerusecKH SparueHra, KaKBHTo pqAKo ce
cpeutar B Hautara crapa JIHrep lypa. I,loaH E,xsapx He orrficBa cyxo 14 Ar.rIaKTnqHo sa6erexn-
TeJlHocrure na CsueoHoBara cro,rrnlra, Toit He caMo .naqno [o3HaBa roBa, 3a Koero rrrlure, Ho
He MO)Ke U LA CKpI4e qyBCTBOTO Ha |OpAOCT, KOeTO tO BT,JlHyBa flpa BHAa Ha CTO.TIT4qHOTO Be-
JIHKoJIenl4e. Ero gaqo rofi ue cMotBa Aa ce ocBo6o4a HanrrHo I,r or arroJrorr{rlHrirr cru,'r, rofiro
e 6ut ceoficrseH Ha HeroBoro BpeMe, us6pan e o6a,{e HaLTHH Ha o6paeuo u3Jro)KeHrae, Koero
oKa3Ba MHoro no-BHytxr4Tenno sts4eticrBre B:bpxy rlr{TareJlrr, orxoJrKoro eAHo npocro ns6pox-
BaHe Ha ftaxrare, flacare.rsr ilpeAcraBq Herr{ara He KaK rofi carvr tH Br4)I(Aa, a KaK Te 4ericrny-
Bar Ha flpocTl4fl ceJltHlirH, xot?ro noceilIaBa cToJlaUara, roilro cH e ,,t3ty6ur yMa" oT [pe-
cnaBcKI4Te KpacorH a xoftro He e B c'bcTofiHue Aa ugpagu cBoHTe cr4JrHt4 BrlerraTfleHHs, a
Ka3Ba Ha cBovTe cbce,lqHl{:,,LIAete H Bltxre caMH c'bc co6crBeHHTe cu oqH B ce yAl4Bngnafire
Ha Kpacorara.'
C reeu 4sa QparueHra B cBorr lilecro4uee lloau Exsapx e ocraBriJr ,u,ocroeH IIaMeTHHK
Ha Bernxn llpec,nas.
 EAI,IfI MHHM HAANI4C OT KPETIOCTTA ,,6A6A BHAA..
BbB BI4III4H
CT. MI4XAIIJIOB

Ha 25 oxroMBprz 1948 r. Ha HayqHo 3aceAaurae a Apxeo,nort4rlecKun I,rHcrr.rryr 14n, BenKoe

HanpaBr4 c:bo6ueHr4ega HoBoorKpar 6r.nrapcKll HaAnuc, B3I4AaH B eAHa or KyJIIzre Ha Kpe[ocrra
,,6a6a Br4ga" BarB BnAuu. flo-xrcHo roBa cbo6ueHr.je 6erue orne'{arauo n l'lgnecruqta Ha
aucrHryra.l B cnoqra ny6;nnraqnr aBTopbr .u,aBa cHr4MKa v p:zcyrKa Ha HaArIIlca, roftro roli
qere LLI fl III N{ a u.
I-lpes 1954 t., a cJreA roBa v npes 1956 r. aMax B:b3MoxHocr Aa rrocerrr Kpenocrra Iz Aa
pa3rJreAaM or6lnso BbnpocHnfl Ha.4nl4c. Tar<a Ha Mqcro Mo)I(ax HarrbJrHo r\a ce y6e4n, ve
B C'bIJIHOCT He Ce KaCae AO Ha.U,nHc, a.4o o6zxnoBeHaTyXJIeHayKpaca, TL|J.tLlsHa KaKTO 3a CpeAHoBe-
KoBHara 6urapcxa apxr-rreKTypa, TaKa H 3a rypcxara apxr4 TeKTypa ro Ha[rare eerraz. Bnpoverv
ioBa e c'bBceM or{eBrzAHo AopLt LI or pt4cyHKara, Koqro e AaAeHa n ny6,ruraqvtsra. Tasu pt4 cyHKa
Ee e cT,BceM TOqHa: aBTOp'bT e AO6anu'r HsKou r{epTll, KOI4To He CbOTBeTCTByBaT Ha pa3nono-
;fieHHeTo Ha TyxJIr,rTe B opr{rltHaJla, Ho BbnpeKH TOBa ,rrHltI,I scHo ,u,eKopaTHBHvqT xapaKTep Ha
pHc]'HKara. Oute or np'bB norneA ce xB'bpJIq B oql, Qaxrrr, qe ryxJrare ca HapeAeHn lro onpe-
IeJIeH HaqZH ABa pa3AI{r{HI,I yKpaCIZTenHH MOTT4BA Ce pe.4yBaT pITMr4rrHO e,U,ZH CJIeA .rl,pyt
-
(o6p. 1). flrpnzm MornB e o6pasynaH or rpu ryxnv ABere rrocraBeHr.r pe6ponr Bbpxy e.u,Ha
or Kbcflre cI, crpaHu H ycnopeAHo e.II,Ha xa APY- -
ra, a TperaTa B xopH3oHTaJrHo IIoJlo)KeHI4e Han
rnx. flpu rona nocJleAHara e noJIoBLIHKa. Tarca
no.'ryrleHara yr(paca uua Qoprraa ua 6yxnara n.
Bropnm yKpacHTeJIeH MorI4B ilMa cblqoro Haqep-
TaHHe, Ho 3a pagJII4Ka or rIbpBHs roft e ro-
craBeH o6paruo xopI4aoHTaJIHara noJloBIrHKa
oT ryx/ra BMeCTO Orrope Ce HaMHpa OrAOny.
Xnala MorrzBa peAoBHo ce cMeHrr npe3 eAHH.
Tagu npaBl4nHa H pI,trMLIltHa noBTopfleMocr Ha
illOTHBr.rTe MoX(e Aa ce BHAIZ .4opLI B pI4CyHKaTa,
o6Hapo4uana or An. Belron.2 B ny6"nnxaqnr-
Ta Ha nocJIeAHI,ts e [ocol{eHo, qe HaAnI,ICbT O6p. 1. Tyxaena yKpaca or Ba6a]Bula s-bs BHanH
e or XIV B. uB rpoMexAyrtl(a I{MeHHo Ha
1290-1311 r., rra[re aBropibr, rpa6na Ia ce [peAnorata, qe fllauruan Karo He3aBHcHM
B.rraAereJr Karo cpeAHoBeKoBeH Qeo4an e rr3rpaAl,In I4nH caMo etso6Honlar qlrraAeJlara Ha
BrAancxara Kpenocr, Karo Hape,qHJr .qa ce BrpaAr4 HeroBoro I4Me. Taxa c ryxneHur HaAnItc
Bbpxy KyJrara Hr4e ce cAo6rsal,re c eAHa Aara, Koraro Mo)Ke 6u xpenocrra noJlyqaBa nocneAHara
cH cbrrlecrBeHa nonpaBKa, Karo ocraBr,rM HacrpaHa flo[paBKlrre u ro6ast<are, HaIIpaBeHLI oKo,ro
KyJrHre c.ne,q 1689 r. no BpeMe Ha ascrpzficxara oxynaqnr. 3a e[oxara Ha Brpa)K.u,aHero Ha
I As. B erKoB. E.qux ryx.reu Haanlic or 6a6xsr.r Bnausu uyttu. I4AA, XVII, 1950, 116-120.
2 As. BeflKoB. Il. c.. o6p 69.
3 -\preo,rorgc, xg. 1-2, 1959
r):x,'reHHs Ha!.iluc s Ba6unu BuAunu uyna Mox(e .qa nocnyxE Karo [pHMep or Harrrr,rre aeMfi
Tyx.IIeHHflr Ha(nnc Ha Xpe.nlonaTa KyJra n Pu,rcxas i\4aHacrr.rp, AaTHpaH n 1335 r."1 KaKTo ce
Bu)r<I.a) Be.lxos e HanpaBLIr MHoro BaxHu LrzBo/.j,1- Ba npoyqBaHe acropr4flTa Ha naMernuxa. Ho
3a ctxaJreHhe re He noqrjBar B'bpxy 3ApaBa ocHoBa r{ 3aroBa Hayr{Ho ca Her.r3,u,bpxanu. Cpan-
HeHI4eTo, KoeTo ce npaBH c HaIIInca or Xpe.nroBaTa Ky,[a e PHncxas MaHacTr.rp, HHKaK He e
y6eg,zrenuo. HaAluctr or Pa.[cxHg Manacrr,rp He caMo qe He rrocoqBa Kora e BrpaAeH HaA-
nl'lcr,T or BI4.[LIH, Ho 14 HqMa HI4KaKBo orHoI]IeHI{e K'bM Hero. B ctlluocr Xpentonrrr HaA[Hc B
cJlyqafl MOXe Aa Ce I43no.II3yBa 3a ,4OKa3BaHe T'LKMO Ha O6paruoTo, lte n Ea6aun BuAuuu xynu
ueo6u{o He ce xacae Ao HaAnIlc. Vl AefrcreuteJrao B Xpe,rsonnr ryxnen Ha.u,truc HHe Br.r)KAaMe
KaKro HtlKoH or xapaKrepHl4re na.neorpaQcxr oco6eHocra Ha erroxara, TaKa u no-oco6eHoro
HaqepraBaHe Ha HflKoI4 6yxnu, Karo A, A, M r.r 4pyrz, Koero ce A'b/rxr4 Ha MarepvaJra, or
xofiro e Ha[paBeH naarrrcr't.z 6yr<sure s Pzncr<us MaHacrrp ca ro.rrKoBa rrcHo r43pa3eHv, qe
B pa3ql4TaHeTo Ha Haro eAHa or rnx He Moxe la ] Ma HaKaKBo c6Muenr,re. Hanporue, B ,,Ha.4-
rzca" or Ea6a Ba,a,a He Moxe r,a ce npoqere Haro eAHa 6yxea, HHTo e B:bgMo)I(Ho r\a ce
orl(pusr HqKaKBIt na.neorpaQcxz oco6euocra, KoHTo 6uxa [oenorr4rrr4 eAHa cpaBHeHae c Xpenlonr.la
HaA[I'tc rlIII4 c xofi Aa e IPY| cpeAHoBeKoBeH 6urapcra HaAnac. Ha4nuctr or Xpe.troaara
r(yJra noKa3Ba, qe 6r"trapzre npes XIV B. ca 6wh
MHO|O O[aTHr,t B [OCTaBflHeTO Ha TyXneHh Hanlvcw
n crpoexare. Karo ce aMa rrpe4 BHA ToBr4 OaKr,
N{-bqHo Moxe Aa ce Ao[ycHe, qe eAr,rH llapcr(r4 HaA-
nnc -- HaA[r,tc'br ua lllr{u]Mau qe 6r,4e raKa
-
6esuou )rrlHo H Aopr.r HenpaMorHo r4gpa3eH.
Ho r<axeo npe.rlcraBnsBa roraBa roBa cBoe-
o6pasHo HapeN(AaHe Ha ryxJrw B eAHa or cre-
HHre Ha Ba6usra Buaunu rcy.rrr.r ? flo-rope HHe
Ber{e rocoqzx\re, qe roBa e yKpaca. Ktu no-
4o6Ho 3aK/'rrcr{eHZe Hrr nacoqBa v KepaMon.nac-
Tl.rrlilara yKpaca e 6r,,rrapcxara apxr{TeKrypa or
Xil -XIV B. OcBeH cneqfiaJrHHre pr.rcyBaHr{ nJroq-
KH r.r ro-xT,cHaTe tJra3r4paHr4 naHr,rrtKH 3a yKpaca
O6p. 2. Tyx,reua yKpaca or ceBepor.r3loqHara Kyra
Ha creHnre ca 6uns ynorpe6aeanu u olnrcuoBeHrl
Ha Kpenocrra 6a6a Br.ua sln Buluu
Tyxru, Kouro ca 6vrw1 Hape)KAaHr,r raKa, qe ra
ce nonyqr or rqx B'b3Mo)KHHsr nari-ro,rsu reKoparr4Beu eSexr. Hafi-xapaxrepHr4 B ToBa orHorueHfie
ca yKpacare Ha rbpHoBcKZTe a Ha MeceMBpaficxare ubpr(Bu. OrAe"rHz eJreMeHTfi or rarr KepaMo-
IIJl',aCTIZtlHa yKpaca npeMIzrJaBaT rro-K'bcHo r.r B Typcr(aTa apxaTeKTypa lro Harrrr4Te 3eMr,r. Ho B
apxlzrel(Typara Ha 3aBoeBaTeJIg VMa 14 eAHa TpaAr.trlr4rr, Koqro JlHrrcBa B HalrraTa cpe.4,HoBeKoBHa
apxr.iTeKrypa TpaI\r4IJVfl.Ta \a ce pasuoO6pasnna MOHoroHHara n,rrocKocr Ha cTeHraTe ocBerr
-
clc cneqr@IrqHzTe yKpacrlTeJlHa Morr.rBH, uMaufi uali-'lecro teoMerparleH xapaKTep, oule H c
I4MI4THpaHe Ha xyQHuecroro nHcMo, Koero caMo no ce6e cH npeAcraBrrBa, KaKTo ce 3trae,
ucTvlHcKV opHaMeHT. J/ uac ra3H cTapa r{sTor{Ha rpal'uIp4fl. ce rir3qBqBa rloHgKora B HoBa Qopua.
Tara n rypcl(ara apxlrreKTypa Ha BarKaHa r, flo-clreqraJrHo y Hac ce cpeqar n raKr4Ba apxu-
TeKTypHI4 IIaMerH[IIH, no creHr,rre Ha Kozro orKpr]BaMe uMuraIJuH Ha 6r,nrapcroro [rrcMo
(xrpra.arzqara). TznuueH e cnyqaqr c ,,Ha1ilvcvrre,, or AxaMrzqra g Ltlxrnuau.s
Tyx.lena yKpaca vMa Ha MHoro Mecra s Ba6a BuAa. Taxa nrpxy cpe.4Hara KyJra or
ceBepo3alaAHaTa cTeHa Ha 3aMa,Ka ce BHxAa foJrrM KBaApaT, r43rpaAeH or ABa pe.u,a Tyxnu.
Brrpe B r{Ba4para e Bnr,rcaHa ABofiHa oKptx{Hocr ca,[to or ryxrlu. Tyx.rleHa yKpaca Bx)r(,qaMe
u B eIHa Tsclla u BI4COKa nJtOCKa HHIIIa OT rOtOHSTOrIHara cTeHa Ha 3aMa,Ka, KbAeTo TyxJII,rre,
111 n. B e,rKoB. U. c., 120.
z i4. 11 saHoa. Cs. I4eas Pulcxn u HeroBr.lsr MaHacrr.tp. CoQur, 1917, 143.
3 Kp. MzsreB. llpunoc K6M cperHoBeKoBHaraapxeo,Torr4q ua 6r.rrapcrureseMH. IHM sa l92l r.,252.
 19

Hape.reF;: . iirlll3oHraJrHr rtoflcLl ca nocTaBeHll eAHI{ oTBecHo, a APyrn ntn $opnaara Ha pu6eHa
iio: - . a.:i,rilrflr MorI,IB ce cpeua rB'bpAe r{ecro Karo yKpaca e 6t.nrapcxara pelurno3Ha
^ I
::r;:::::;', la flpe3 XIV s. B ceaepousroqHara creHa Ha 3aMbKa e o6pasysau Kp'br or paAHa/rHo
l:l:-=::;t TYx,rH. Hali-cerue u npaBo'br:bJlHuKbT c MHHMprtr HaAnHc He e l,I3onr{paH. Torl e
::...: -a.r B eIHa nO-CJIOxHa yKpaCIrTenHa Cr4cTeMa (o6p. 2), KrsM KOaTO Ce OTHacflr OU{e H
:':t:s]lie \IorHBI4: l) s4acno or rlpaBobrrtrr1r4Ka a MaJrKo no-Hr,rcKo, Ha oKoJIo 1,30 vr or Hero,
c- tsll/h.l,a MorHB c Qoprua Ha cJIbHIIe, cbcrogrll ce oT ABe BnucaHu eAHa B Apyta oKp:bxHocTr.r,

xo're'rro ; 2) HenocpeAcrBeHorIoA ropHHs AeceH 'br6Jr Ha rrpaBo'brbJrHara yKpaca ce Br.rxAa

l.rorHB or pa4vailHo pa3noJro)KeHn Tyxa[, oqep-
raBailra @opvra Ha HenpaBunxa e.ur.rnca ; 3) nalt- Trrqvn@@mwW
cerHe BJrrrBo oT ropHara xoptr3oHTanHa Jrl4rlus
Ha [paBo'brbJrHaTa yKpaca Jre)x]t eAHH npo-
J.'b,rroBar raveneH 6.rox, e rofiro ca r.r3prr3anu
c ocrprle r{erHpr,r oKp'rr)r{Hocrrz, xpafiHure ABe or 177717-1
r..oHro ca c no-MaJrrn pag,uycu. Tona crpynnane
Wm f-7,:f1 r7-TTr7nm C7=
Ha eAHO MTTCTO Ha HflKOJTKO yKpacuTenHr,t Mo- O6p. Tyx,reua yxpaca
3. or rr.bpKBara ,,Ce. Eoropolilua
;IjBA HE OCTAB' H]4KAKBO C'bMHEHIZC 14 B CMI,i- ,rleeuIlrra" s flpuquna
cb,Ia Ha 3aKJJroqeHr,rs B npaBobflbJlHaTa paMKa
pHr)4HtlHo noBraptltu ce MorI4B c Qopnaa Ha 6yreara fl. Tofi e cJry)reJr 3a yKpaca Ha creHara.
flo:o6HH vxpaclTerHL4 MorI4BL!, I,r3rroJr3yBaHrz B c'br{ara plrrMfiqHa xoM6uuaqaq, HHe cpeuaMe R
i'-t'pl\Bllre ,,loleuure ftopra" (Meyil,ar lldiar)r n Teca.nua, ,,Ce. EoropolnUa JiennruKa,, B Kocono
c5;.3),2 ,Cn. Bacznvtli"s B,,CB. Eoropo4z[a"4 B Apra, ,,Cn. AnoctoJtal,, B Co,uyn,6 ,,C8. AHa. B
-',lucrra6 It rIHoro Apyrx, Tesu npnuepu Aocrarbr{Ho scHo rroKa3Bar, qe yKpacI4TeIIHklflT Morr,rB c
ioplra ua 6yxnara fl e 6n'rr IIo3Har sa 6atxaucr(oro crpoureJrHo H3KycrBo orr1e npeAn BaBJra-
J.flBaHero Ha crpaHara HI'I or rypIILITe. Or Apyra crpaHa, @axrsr, qe rroBer{ero rraMerHHUH,
B-bpxv Kol"tTo ro3l'l MoTIzB ce cpeUa, ca or XIV n., e Ao r{BBecTHa cTeneH yKaeaHue 3a ToBa,
qe H KyJIara or Bv!.u\ Koflro Hoclz ra3lz yKpaca, e or cbrrloro BpeMe. Toea e 6tnrapcxa nna
no-ToqHo 6anxaHcxa yKpaca, Kottro HqMa Hlluo o6uo c vKpacara Ha rHrHqHo rypcr(ara apxn-
TeKT\pa' ,{oxonxoro B nocJIeAHara HI.Ie orKpHBaMe noAo6Hr eJreMeHTr,r, Te ce AbJrxar Ha 3aeMKr4
or \recrHaTa crporrenHa rpaAHUI'1fl, KoflTo s o6ua ilHHuLt e 6una eAHa u c:bula 3a Uenuq Bafl-
KaHCKH nOnyOCrpOB.
Or rasaHoro AoryK c.neABa Aa ce 3aK.rrrcqa, qe nocoqeHoro no-rope rr,JrxyBaHe Ha Benros
: ;orpemHo. To ue r{oxe Aa 6r,Ae noANperreHo c HHTo eAr,rH Luo-toAe cbcrorrre./leH AoBoA.
i:ilncteeHoro AoKa3are/rcrBo, Koero aBTopr,T [paBexAa B noAKpena Ha cBoqra resa
-.- 779r Ha,u,Ilac or Pz"[cKsfl MaHacrnp, roBoppr B c'btrlHocr npor?lB Ta3H Te3a. - Xpe-
B :ax,ryrcqeul4e Mo)I{e c'bBceM oflpeAe.rleHo Aa ce Ka)Ke, r{e MHI,rMr4qr LUuuruauoB Ha.qnr.rc oT
-':,:'lrra ,,Ea6a Bu4a" B'bB Ba4uH IrpeAcTaBJrsBa e Ael?crsprre.rlHocT UeHTpaneH MoTHB or
lr;::.1lBeHa MeaHApoBll,{Ha yKpaca, KoqTo HfiMa HI4uIo o6qo c ryxneHHTe HaArrI4cLr or XIV n,,
. : -. U\IETO HA LLIUII]MAH.

L a m p a k i s. Mdmoires sur les antiquits chr6tiennes de 1a Grdce. Athdnes, 1902, o6p. 89.
\ Nenadovid. Keramoplastika bogorodice Ljevi6ke. Glasnikmuseja Kosova iMetohije.Kni., l,
:; o6p. 3.
-. m pa kis. ll. c., o6p. 92.
-,r rau, o6p" 59,
. Ebersolt. Monuments d'architecture byzantine.
Paris, 1934,ra6n. XVIII.
i l'1 i ll et. Monuments byzantins de Mistra. Paris, 1910, ra6.'r. 14, 3.
 CJIABqHCKITqT HEKPOTIOJI B CEJIO 6YKbOBUI,1, BPAIIAHCKO
)t{. BT')KAPOBA

Ha 8xlr or peKa !,yuan B parloHa Ha rp. Oprxono B ceJro Byxsosrlz-MecrHocrra,OpflxoB-

orr(pr,rr npes 1940 r. craBrHcKH HeKponon. Tori e llesecreH B Hayqnara
cKr.rAoJr"
-e 6ut cJryqafiHo
nr4TepaTypa oT qecTo Ilr.lrr4paHara, Ho Heo6HapoABaHa cTaTVs na Kprcrro Muqten.l 3a r.nIaHeuHre
ypHn or To3r4 HeKpolor crroMeHaBarBachrn Mrxon B cTaTl]1-sTa cu ,,CrapHTe c.[aBqHr4 Ha ]or oT
nyuana.z Kp. Muaren B KHrzrara cu ,,CtanffHcKa KepaMr4Ka"s orHoBo ce cnl,Ipa Har(parKo Ha onl4-
caHr.rero Ha ypHr{Te h Ha Ha'wrHa Ha norpe6euuero s onpereJrs BpeMero, trpe3 Koero ro3n He-
Kponon e cburecrBysan
- VIII CreA regz Kparxn cBeAeHHrr B ahreparypara HeKpoloJIT,r
e.
ocraBa ybrrtLr roAr.rHH Herr3cJreABaH. llpes 1958 r. aBTopKara Ha ragz crarkltr o6xo4n HaHoBo
MecrHocrra ,,Oprxoncxr Aolt" E HarIpaBIr coHAa)I(fi Ha Mflcroro Ha HeKpo[ona. I1o-4o.ry cJIeABar
ct6paHr Bcr4rtKI4 g.aHHU 3a rraMerHuKa H ce o6napo4ear 3a ['bJrHora Ia I,I3BecrHI4Te or no-pauo
MaTepvailH, clbxpaHrrBaHIr B My3ef Ha rp. opaxoeo.
flpes 1940 r, npn cHeMaHe Ha repena B no-
coqeHara MecrHocr ca 6unu HaMepeHa ABe r,lrrHeHx
ypHH (rrpHera), vblrnn c ropeJlla qoBeuIKH Kocrl.
B e,uua or ypHare e HMaJIo 6poHsona o6eqa ra HsKoJIKo
M'bHr{cra. En.l e HaMepeH cKeJIer n 45 ttruucra oKoJIo
sero. lnuneHr4Te ypHrl ca 6ntu orKpI4TLI sa Au6oquna
or 50 ctt 2 M or cbBpeMeHHara noB'bpxHocr. 6poar
-
wv e 6nl Ilo-roJlflM or ro3H Ha cKeJIerLITe, KoI,ITo ca
6nnu HaMilpalu MaJrKo HacrpaHa 6nrso Ao ceraIIIHHl
ro.rapcrn nrr.a
3anagenare HaxoAKa ca cJIeAHI{Te:
hpHe (Nn 1) or 4o6pe orer{eHa rrnHa c qep-
BeH IIBtrr r,I Benqe, H3BrITo HaBbH. Opxarrlenrtr or Bpr-
3aHU rtlHUV nOKpUBa norlrll IIfJIaTa My [oBGpXItocT'
flo pavroro Ha c'b6a ca HaHeceHH rpn peAa HelrpaBI'IJIHI'l
BbJIHI{CTLI CHOIIOBe, a IIOA Tflx Ca pa3nonoxeHx HeAbJI-
6orH xopaeonraJlHl,r npaBn nuanu. Toit nMa Bncoql{Ha
O6p. 4. l-,runesa ypHa or EYxronur 22 crr, c Ar{aMerbp Ha ycrl{ero 18,5 cv, 4naMerbp Ha
AtHoro 9,5 cvt, Ae6e.laHa Ha crenara 10 rurra (o6p. a).
hpne (N 2) cbuto or 4o6pe OICI]EHA IJIVHA C qCPBCH IIBflT, CbC C?IJIHO II3BHTO BCHqE.
opnartaeHrrT nol(puBa IIsJIoTo TSJIO Ha C5Aa v Ce CbCTOLT OT qMaqKH, nO-AOny rbcTt B'b/IHVI,

1 K,
M u q r e B. E.(uu crapoc.naBsrcKlr He(ponon npn c. Byrsoaun.
B. u r o e. Crapzre crraBeflr, Ha ror or flyuaea, VIl7, xu. 2, lll, Co0na, 1946-1947, 61.
2 M
3 K. MusreB. CrassHcxa KepaMr{Ka n 6r,,nrapna u nefinoro 3HaqeHue 3a c"TaBflHcKara apxeonofHq na Ea,l
xana. CoQr.rn, 1948, 37.
4 Ceeaegsg or MecrHare xrreJrlr flanauu Knros il Blr,cxo Calllncxl
- c. Eyrroauu,
 21

^1o.r. I\or.ro ca HaHeceHLI c lpe6eH or 4-5 sr6eqa rbcTh xopr.t3oHTaJrHfi ru\nh 6es npoueN-
-r.\ r}ii : 3ricoql]Ha 17 c*t, Al4aMer:bp Ha ycTlreTo 12 cn/I, AuaMeT'bp Ha AbHoTo 8 cu, 4e6e,uvua
:r ---:-:ra 8-10 vru (o6p. 5).
leere gana3e HV ypHH ca n'btHr c Har{y[eHH topeJIH qoBerrlKr.r Kocrr4, MexAy KolrTo r.rMa
.: -:.::,'!': Ha MIIaA HHIHBIIL.
-\texny [peAMerHTe or HeKporroJra ca a HrrKoJrKo 6poH3oBH o6eqt, KOHTO HMaT IIOA-
3i:.ir:f tsHc\';'rKa rposAoo6paana viln ilnpaM1AanHa (o6p. 6).1
-

O6p. 5, l;rnsena ypHa or Eyraonun O6p. 6. O6eqn or Byxronqa

lo,rsu e 6poflT Ha HaMepeHnre M'bHHcra. Te ca or cneAHHTe rr4noBe : a) HanpaBenr,r or

cr6KJreHa rpb6rrrrKa, HsKonKo nbrr4 JreKo npuruunHarH, nocpe6peHH Hnrvr nos.rareuu; 6) cBc
CbIIlaTa TeXHI,IKa, CTbK./IeHIil, CHH IIBST; B) C'bUIaTa TeXHHKa, I(OHyCOBHAHE nO-QOprraa, HanpaBeHI,I
or CrbKJIeHa [acTa; nO nOBbpxHOcTra HaHeceHI4 HanpeqHH x(bJIrLr II[HLIq4; r) Ctulara
]rM ca
TexHHKa, crbK./renu, c Hanpeqga 6paeau, geJIeHo-crrHKaB rlBrri a) crurara rexHHKa, KpyuroBr.rAHr4
no Qopua, or crbKJIeHa rracra, T'bMHocr.rB qBrrr, opHaMeHT or )K'uJITLI JrLrHLlv!, o6pasynaula oc-
MopKH; e) c.bulara TexHI{Ka, I(p'brnu rlo oopMa, or crbKJreHa rracra, uo rIBflT x('L,Jrrrr, BeJreHfi u
caHl]; x) cblqara rexHHKa, Kpbrnr4 no Qopua, or cT'bKJIeHa racra, TbMHocr.rB rlBqr, c opHaMeHr
roqKs,3alpaAeHa or Kpbr;3) cbulara rexHHKa, l4-creHaIa, cTbKJreHH, cr.rH UBqT; u) utul.lcro or
-
craK,/IeHa nacTa c MopcKocLIH IIBST; opHaMeHTbT Ce CbCrOr{ OT ,qBa X'bJrTr4 Kpbra, Mex,qy Tqx 3Hf-
:aroo6pasna 3eJIeHa rvtns.; r) 4pyro MbHr{cro, Ha[paBeHo or rpr6nuxa, c 4r.n6oru 6paeru, cr.nx-
JeHo, c He6ecHo-clrH qnxr;.r) MbHHcro or r(ex.rru6ap
- l4-crenno (o6p. 7).
Mrnncrata or HeKpo[ora B c. Eyxlonrlrz r{Mar aHa;lortvr c re3u, HaMepeHu B Hexporronn
a L{exur,2 [Oroc,raezs,3 Pycna,a Pyn,trulla6 u 6r,nraprr.6
r 3a noao6ttu o6equ 6ps. Ll.ll.Jlenyrllrun. lopoauure Honorpourqxoe. M.-,rI,, 1958,61, puc,40,J$ 3;
I ii. noKpoBcxufi. Bepxre-CaaroncruitMonz.rbHrlK. Tpylu XII AC, I, Mocxna, 1905,477, ra6t. XXL,24,25;
: -. 11 eirhHLrr" [HeRurx pacrorroK s selr.re,Ilyuan. Tpyau XI AC, I, 1901, ra6,r. VI, Ne 10; Map jaua
. -: -z r h-,Iby6usxoauh. Mera,rsuHaKur 6e.rro6pacxor rrna. Craplrnap, II, Eeorpag, 1951,40c.rr., o6p.3,5,6,8,
.- \ieder1e. RucovEt SlovanskdArcheologie.YPraze, 1931, 103, o6p.89;J.Eisner. K Ddjinam Naseho
:--:-,-.::::.to sperkfr. dasopis Narodniho Musea, Praha, 1947, 146 cn., o6p. 14; J. Poulik. Staroslovanska Morava.
-.::..: '.:lE, ra6r. XLIX
tl-14. - 1-9, ra6.rr. LXIII - 77-22 ta6n LXVII - 3, 4, 10, ll, 13, 14, 15; LXVIII - t-8;
-i,]. - ?
P o u li k. U. c., ra6a. XXXVII 2; ra6.rr. XXXVIII ; ra6a" XXXIX; ra6,'r. XLI
3 J, KoBaqeBr.rh, CpeaumexoBHa - L,HoLnHr,a - 15.
6aaxascrux cnoBeHa.Beorpa1,1953,144, o6p.6.
1A. M. florposcxufi. .IlneeHrlx pacKoroK. Tpyasr Xll AC, I, 1905, 474 csr.
; Cnope4 ycrlioro cto6uleuue Ha pyM'bHcxlfl yqeH [poQ. B. Mitrea nolo6Hlr M:bHr.rcra ca HaMepeHu B HeKpo-
-:.:, : Cr'.rrana, Pyvrunn.
.T . aKHBa MtHucra ca- qaMepeHlt B c.
t7 Muureacro, Krp,Qxa.lnficro. ApxeoaoruvecKn My3eA, CoQ*r, Panno-
-::-:::sotseH or,len, I,IHB. I& 3231.
22

Mectsocrra,,OpRxoncxlr Aor" B c. Eyruoaqg npeAcraBnqBa ABa x'bJIMa, npops3auH of

ntr. Xt.rrrvroBeTe ca 3aeTr4 oT pa3JrlrqHr,r 3eMeAeJIcKH l(ynTypa H XI4JILIUIa. cenepnnar e 4u6oxo
npeKonaH. Tau e 6h.[o n4qcroro Ha HeKponoJra. Bucoufluara Ha HqKorauHl4fl Tepen Ha ceBepnng
x,bJrMeHaMaJreHa c2-3 rr,I. llpes 1958r.6euanpaaeH coHAaxcpasMepu 6na2 M BHe-
nocpeAcrBena 6lrgocr Ao Mqcroro, KbAero e 6nna HaMepeHa norpe6aanara ypHa Np 2. Bqxa
orr(pr.rrrz QparnreHtu or t'bpHera, rlo rl,r[ cxoAHLI c na3eHI4Te B My3efl Ha rp. Opaxoeo. flo
Bbrpe[rHocrra Ha creHI,ITe prM Jrvqaxa toJreneHH o6r"ope,ln qoBeIrIKH KocrI,I. Oxo.rto re3I,I K.lcoBe
uMaIrIe B'brJIeHr,r, a cbulo I{ ABe qoBeIrIKH r{erlocTll
or MTaALI HHI..UBtAII. Ha Apyro Mgcro Ha cbulzg
xbJIM, Ka,Aero Aoceta ge ca 6nnu orKpfiBaHH HAKaK'
nu norpe6aaH14 ypHLr HJIH qoBe[IKIz cKeJIeru I'I tr:bpBo-
HaqarHoro paBHlrue Ha repeHa e sanaseuo, 6e Ha-
npaBeH coHAax( c pa3Mepu 8 sa 2 u. Ha 20 cu Ar.n-
6oqaHa or c'bBpeMeHnara floBbpxHocr 6e orKparo
rbpHe norpe6aaHa ypHa. IIo B'brpelrtHocrra Ha
-
creHure Ha rbpHero 6axa npu.teflHallr o6rope.na na-
qyfieHn qoBeuKI4 KocrLL To 6eure c HaqyneHl creHLI
H npr4HaA,'re)Kn K'bM THra Ha fbpHeTaTa, HaMupaHI4
no-pauo B Herpono,'ra. HanpaneHo e Ha rp'bHr-rapcKo
KoJre,'ro 14 e B r{epBeH IIBqr. l"luuara My }rMa cna6
O6p. 8. Vpaa or Eyxsonuu
nplrMec or 4pe6Hu IIec'bqrjEKI4, a B pa3pea creHn-
Te My ca rbMHoqepnz. BeHuero My e fi3Br.rro HaB'bH.
OpHaueurrr, HaHeceH no mp6yxa, ce ca,cror.r or Bpq3aHH xoprz3oHTaJrHr4 JILtHuLl, a Har\ Tflx e
Bps3aHa eALrHaqHa BbJrHficra ltvruflt BrrcoqHHa 9 cvr, Azalrertp Ea rl,pJloro 7,8 cu, Al.laMerbp
Ha Abuoro 6 cu, 4e6e.lnHa Ha creHara 6-8 nau (o6p. 8). Ha Ar,r6oquua 40 crra or noBbpx-
Hocrra Ao rtpHero 6e orxpuro MaJKo otHr.r[Ie or oler{eHa rJruHa c pa3r\repli 20 Ha 30 cM, cbc
3arra3eHa .(e6earHa tra creHara 2 cv yt nzcoqnua 3 cu. flo"qonara 3aMa3Ka Ha ofHr4rr{ero uMa
4e6e.nzua 4 cv. flpe4 orBopa My JIA+H rrJracr or Ba,rJreHn H neIIeJI B rlerHo c paBMepI4 40 sa
50 cvr. B z3ro,rua locoKa or orur4rqero Ha pa3croruue 1,20 M Ha c'brllara Ar,r6o.]zua ce oqepra
H BTopo IIerHo caMo or B'r,rJreHrz, a cpe4 rrx o6rope.nu HarlyneHl4 t{oBeluKl4 Kocrr4 I,r creHn or
rbpHe, HanpaBeHo Ha rp'bHqapcKo KoJero. hpHero e no4o6Ho Ha Berre I43BecrHH-
re or roar.r Hexpono,n. Cpe4 KepaMr4rrHr4l'e Qparnaeulu 14 B'br,/IeHI4Te 6e orl(pr4Ta
6poHeona o6eqa (o6p. 9). Tr e noAo6Ha Ha no-paHo HaMepeHare o6equ, na3eH?t
B My3err Ha rp. Opnxono.
florpe6a"lHrare ypHrl-tbpHera, t'r,JIHr{ c ropenn qoBeIrIKH Kocrn, Mbnl{crara
u o6eunre flBHo cBHAereJICTByBar, qe B c, Eyt<loequ, MecrHocrra ,,OplxoBcxu 4oJ"
e r{MaJrO HeKpOIIoJr. fJorpe6a.nnzTe ypHlr, TaIII4TIHH 3a CIaBqHcKaTa DtpaLullHa" xyJt-
HeKporroJru,2 rornrpxAaBar s3BoAa, qe B ro3tt HeKponoJI ca
3fJ;, X; rypal u 3a cJraBrrHCKlr
6;;;;"u; norpe6anz craBqHr.r. Oopuata Ha rbpHerara I,r rexHnll opHaMeHr IloMarar .u,a ce
yrou", BpeMero, npe3 Koero ca r43B'r,,prxBanfi norpe6ennara. Keparrauxa, Kosro e npaBeHa Ha
rpbHqapcKo KoJreJro, ce cpeua H B Apyril cJraBrrHcKr,r o6exru Ha reparopvflra Ha PyvrlHnn n
6urapnr He rro-paHo or cpeAara sa VIII e.3 3a onpeAerqHe Ha erHur{ecKara IrpIlHa.lIJIex(Hocr
r.i Ha BpeMero, npe3 Koero e cburecrByBan ro3u HeKpouoJI, cnyxar 6ponaor,ure o6erln c rpo3-

rNiederle. Il. c., o6p. 118.

2Poulik. l-l c.; B. M(itrea). Cimitirul de incinerare din com. Satu-Nou. Studii, II;M. KuIrIBacu-
a. Heroroptre
K o,lr rrt ucropltqecKue BbtBoabl B cBRgI4 c HecKoJIbKuMh apxeonoruqecKulur naMgrHilKaua V]-Xll B. Ha reppll-
ropuu PHP. Dacia, I, 1957, 311 c.r.
3 Knurnacu-Konrua. I-1. c., 311 ctr.; M. 11. Aprartonoa. K aonpocy o6 apxeonoruqecKltx
h npa6o,rrap HaHrl)KHei\r
flaMflTHr4Kax cJlaBqH Aynae; ax. X. BtlKapoBa. C,laesHo-6lJllapcKoroceJllzuexpafi c. ilo-
nuna, Cuaucrpeucro. CoQtr, 1955, 6.
 23

H nupaMAAaIIHu BucyltKt4. B AoceraixHaia HayqHa JlnTeparypa re ce Aargpar or

,[,OBi4AHLI
VII IX s,1 flrHo e, ue rz 6pousoefire o6eqrz or Her(ponora B c. Byxlonqr Aarr.rpar He rro-paHo
or cpeAara Ha VIII e. t{e rosa HeKponor HMa sBHo ra3pa3eH c.rraBrrncxrr xapaKTep, cBr4Aeren-
cTByBaT MbHucTaTa, HaMepeHu B Hero. Taxnea MbHacTa ca H3BeCTHH OT Her(ponoJrH Ha Tepr.rTo-
punra Ha Llexocnonaxrr, IOroc.nan[r, Pyruraza H ApyraAe. Te ce Aarupar He rro-paHo or
cpeAara Ha VIII n.2 C.leAosarerao Hel(po[oJlibr or c. Byxsoeqz H Blbg ocHoBa Ha M'bur,rcrara
Moxe aa 6t.4e l\arnpaH He ro-pano or cperara Ha VIII B. l'Iso6qo rlerrzqr lorpe6a,ren
HHBeHrap or HeKponolIa Hu AaBa ocHoBaHue ra ro [ocraBr4M BrbB BTopara noJroBaHa Ha VIII s.
Haquntr ua rorpe6euaero e 6zn 4eyo6pe4en. Hqro[ or MbprBHre ca 6utu r4sraprrnrj
H Kocrure uM nocraBrHlz B rtpHera
- rrorpe6a.ruu ypHn. B rbpHera ca 6unu cilataHr.r yKpa-
IUeHuq - o6eqrz IIJIH MbHLIcra. lpyru ca norpe6eauz qpe3 TpynonoJlataHe. B ncropnvecxnre
H3roqHI,lqI4 HeBeAHax ce clo6ulaea, r{e Ao [pI4eMaHero Ha xpr4crr4flHcrBoro cJraBsHr4Te ca zg-
taptrJlrli cBollre t'llpTnz.:r Zgc.ne,anar;ero Ha HeKponoJla B c. Byxtonqu, Mar(ap n rB.bpAe
orpaHrqelor AOnb.rBa AaHHI4Te Ha IIHcMeHI4Te I43TOqHLTLII{ oTHoCHO nOrpe6anunn O6pe4 Ha roxgrlTe
cilaBtrHr4 qpe3 H3tapsHe Ha Mtprnzre. C pa3KonKI4Te Ha ro3a HeKporloJr ce v3rrcHgBa, qe loxHure
c,llaBrHI4 A'bnlo BpeMe ca 3aila3vrru cBoHTe crapn o6utav u Hapel c norpe6eunsTa qpe3 Tpylo-
rroJraraHe npr4natar n norpe6enafl qpeB Lr3rapeHe.
Mnoro ca orrpl{rfiTe no apxeonornqecKr.r rrbr lorpe6eHua y ugroqHgTe,4 sana4Hale6
cJlaBsHI't H Te3Ia, )KEBeJII,T HrKora Ha repHToputrra Ha Pyrtrtnzn,o B Koaro ocHoBeH o6pe4 ua
norpe6anane Ao npr4eMaHe rla xpr.crHflHcrBoro e 6uto H3rapflHero Ha MbprBHre.
lonswara npuJlura Ha qeJlIlff norpe6a.rea vHBeHTap or HeKponoJra e c. Eyxsonqx
KepaMvKa, MbHI4cra, o6eqz -
c ro3I4 or HeKpono,ril Ha 3aIIaAHare cJIaBflHa Hv /.aBa ocHoBaHr4e
-
Aa rIpHeMeM, ue tolt e ocraBeH or craBqHcKo HaceJleHr{e, Koero e 6n.no B poACTBeHr BpBgKH
c'bc 3ana.4HlrTe cJIaBgHtI.

1Pou1tk. I_(. c., 42,43,46,50; Eisner. U. c., 146.

2 Poulik. I-[. c."56 ca.
3 L. Niederle. RukovEt slovanskych starozitnosti. praha, 1953, 215 cr.
4 n. n. EQurueHKo r.r n. H. Tperhsron. flpertropyccxrle floceneHr4s na ,{oHy. MI,IA, J\b 8, M.-JI.,
l9{9; fl. H. TperbqKoB. Bocro,luoc,lansHcxrle rrreMena. Mocxea, 1958, 240 ctr.
6 J. Eisner. Devinska Nova ves., Bratislava, 1952, 861.
6 Kurlrsacu-KoMrua. U. c.,310 ca.
 -f
O
_r

Oa.- , -"l'uHrrcra or Byrloequ

 NPHHOC KbM AHTHI{HATA TEO|PAOHq HA MI43H'I
( N rc Rr N r AN r s-c AN D rD r ANA)
B. BEJIKOB

Henocpe4crBeHo Ioto3arlaAHo or rapara-npucraHraule Ma.nrr flpecnaneq, Cu.lllcrpeacrcn

oKpbr, ce fl3Aura BI,IcoK, He HaBcffKbAe eAHaKBo crprrMeH xbJIM, cpaBHI4TeJIHo go6pe 3aJIeceH.
Toea e x3BecrHoro a 6t.trapcxara apxeonorntrecKa HayKa Ka4trloficro rpa4ulle (o6p. 10).
Oqe n Ha.{aroro Ha HaIttvrfl BeK, I43cJIeAsafixH apxeonoruqecKr.rre rraMerHr.rqu l,t ceJrr]qa s Ceee-
pol'l3rorlHa El.nrapaa n .(o6pyaxa, O. Vcneucxn u K. lflropnu,t H3Ka3axa npeAnoJroxepae, HenoA-
KpeneHo or HHKaKBIn apxeoJlorl4qecKll npoyqBaH%s. H pa3KonKH, ire Ka4trroficxoro tpaAr.rue e
HAeHTI4qHo cbc clloMeHarns. B HSBecrHHs t{ara.napcrn Ha4nkrc ,,flpec,rraBeH Ouypraron
4nopeq*
ua lynar. B cnoure 6e.nexrn Lllxopnaa [paBr.r
ctrrlo pa3rpaHuqeHne Mex,qy r. Hap. ,,,I[o.nao rpa-
Ar4IIIen H ,,lopno rpa4aqe" (na nlaroro Ha xbJI-
ua), nrpsoro or Kor4ro roft Aarnpa B p?rMcKara
eloxa ga paeilHKa ot ,,fopHoto rpa4uuqe., Koero
cnopeA Hero e [o-K'bcHo.
Tona useuae 6e nrsnpuero 6esxpuruqHo
or cJreABarIr4Te rr3cJreAoBareJrr4 H eABa npea 1948 r.
Apxeo.rorzuecKasr uHCTr.rryr rrpeAnpr{e tro-cepao3-
HH coHAa)KHI4 npoyr{BaHus Ha rogr o6exr.1 Bsxa
npoyqeHr4 HsKoJIKo o6exra, Me)r(Ay Korjro r.r eAHa
roAxoeco6pa3la r(yJa, r. Hap. xy,la T s o6exr S
HaMI4par[a ce B ceBeporz3ToqHaTa r]acT Ha tpa4u-
Iqero. Cnope4 HaMepeHurr Marepr4an H crropeA
O6p. 10. Kaarxloficroro rpaAnue, rneaaHo or rpaAe)Ka r{yJrara c ocHosanae 6e 4arzpaua III-
npHcraHnllero (or zsrox) VI B. a 6e rpanu.ruo o6scHeHa Karo nyHr(r or
K'bcHopIrMcKara o16pauure.lHa cucreMa B ra3H
qacr Ha raueca.' Clqenperr.reHso 6e orxB'bpJleHa B'b3MoxHocrra re3H pa3BanHHr{ Aa ca ocraHKn
or cpeAHoBeKoBHa 6urapcxa Kpenocr HJrr.r ABopeq.
flpea eceura ua 1957 r. ttplr npoKapBaHero Ha rrbr, BoAerrI noxpaft npr4craHvrqero, noxpafi
JyHan aa c.,{o.rHo Paxoeo, 6epaz6ura qacr or ,,,Il,onuoro rpa4uuqe": pa3pyueHr4 6qxa xaMeHHr4
creHu, BacoKLr ro 2 M, orr(pl,rra 6e ropHara uacr or K'bcHoaHTr,rqHa HaArpo6na flJoqa n rpytr
no-4pe6uz HaxoAKH. E.naro4apeune Ha orrrycHarare or Orprxtrrzn nayaefi e Pyce cpeAcrBa
c'bBMecrHo c Buonera .Ilvuona, ypeAHUr( B My3efl, Mo)I(axMe Aa HarrpaBr4M HqKoa npoyrrBaHr4rr,
KOHTO XBtpJrflT HOBa CBeTJrr4Ha Bbpxy HCTOpHflTa Ha TOBa tpaAnue.

1 Ooapo6eu npernea r.r xpLrl.rKa Ha aocefauHlrre cxBauaHMl e nanpaeeu or K p. M u s r e n. flpegnapure,'lHz npo-

1BaHfle xa Ka.(uoolZcroro rpaar4qe. I4AU, XVIll, 243 c,rr.
2 Mur-ree. I-1. c,, 252-253; C. l-eoprfieaa. Pasronrr sa o6err S e,lopnorpaluue" npa c. Ka-
:br.ibofi. I4AI4, XVIII, 1952, 272-273.
 25

flpoc,ueAnnanero Ha pas6xrara rrpx npoKapBaHero Ha ll'brfl KpeRocrHa creHa no caMHtl

I x.br'ty HH.u,oBeAe rroqrr{ Ao pa3Kpr,rrara npe3 1948 r. xy.na. Herqo rloBeqe, Ha oKoJIo 35 u no-
Halo,r]- or Herr 6e orxpzra Apyta Kyna cbc c'bulara Qopua rl fioqra c'bc cblrll4re pa3Mepll
1o6p. 1l). HenOCpeAcrBeHo Ha,4 cTaporo JIerJIo na ,[,yHae 6e orrpura
ilacr or Kpblna KyJla u
eIHo noMeuleHge (A). floueulenuero e 6Hno yHlruo)I(eHo or crHxI4eH noxap n noA Haqyne-
HHTe xepeMHAH ce HaMepyxa Ha.u, 120 Hafi-paanoo6pasua x(eJIe3HI4 npeAMerl4: IIrlpoHI4, KyKI't'
MoTHKa, Ho)I(qeTa, HsKaKbB ypel c )KeJIeSHH IIII4IOBe, KaK6BTO He HH e I4SBeCTeH OT Apyls
MecTa; 6axa orrpnrn Har{y[eHn |JIHHeHH c'bAoBe, crapoxpl4cTusHcKr'I JIaMnl4' eAHa oT KoHTo
HMalue BMeCro Ap'bxKa cptqHo I'I3pa-
K
6orena r{oBeuIKa tJIaBa, Qparuenru or
crbKJIeHu c'bAoBe, or 6poueonl4 cGAoBe, c. M. IIPEC/|ABE4
KocreHr4 npeAMern u AP. CneaoBareJlno (Tgrpaxaucxo )
n'bpBxsT cblrlecrBeH pe3yJlrar oTHa-
ycraHoBflBaHero, I{e
M. A0IH0 IPAAI{t4E
ruure couAaxu 6e
,,!,onnoto rpaAHIIler' u pa3KorlaHara
no-paHo xy.la T ca B c'blruocr qacr
or e.quH KacTe.II, qEqro SaraAHa cTeHa
e flpocneAeHa oT cTaporo JIeTJIO Ha
;]yuan Ao B'bpxa. CtqesperraeHno Aa-
rara Ha 3arnBaHero Ha Kynara T -
Kparrr Ha VI s. e B .4eftcrBnreflHocr
-
,llaTa Ha 3atl4BaHero v Ha l\elrafl KacTeJI,
rro-KoHKperHo !r Ha rloMellreunero A.
HascsxrAe BcHqKo 6enle Hanlupano B
I\N-
N'a..-

cpaBHhrenHo 4o6po cbcroqHr.re, 3auo-

ro B'bpxy Ta3ra qacT or KacTeJIa Hq- + nttuAB
)1rnr-
MAl1IC HNKAKBH IIO-KbCHH TIOCEJICHI4 fl. F
E'EHAA
/lour.lure ciraBsHa ca ce 3aceJr4Jllt JI
Pasxonxu 1948 r
HacrpaHa oT cTapoTo rpaAfiule, Koero I Bodocrox
6eure orxpuro or Cr. Cratqes.l # l4sxon u Hachn Ha nbra
l'lurexa sa neua4h
Cos4axsnre pa3KonKH o6a,Ie rx*Orxprr .:zd
-
raAoxa H HsKou enzrpaQcxu HaxoAKI4, K Kgna
A l'loueuqenue
KOHTO npeAcTaBnffBar rrO-OCO6en HHre- :/'ltt
pec 3a paSKpHBaHe ricTopHsTa Ha ce-
,ryHlleTo.2 Tarca s cTbnKaTa Ha l,r3Toq- O6p. 11. fllas sa pa3KonaHilre qactll or Kacrera nptl Ma,rrx
Hara creHa Ha nonaeulesue A 6e or' Ilpecaaseu, r. uap. ..lJonno rpaAlrute"

Kpnra Brpa4eHa AoJIHara vacr or o@n-

rrga.rreH Jrarr.rHcKg HaArl4c or (2)2-217). B aaraaeHara AoJIHauacr(rop-
BpeMero Ha uMIr. Kaparala
Hara 3acera He 6e sar,lepeHa) ce npoqere, qe Anruron, I4MIIeparopcKIz HaMecrHI4K Ha npoBl{Hqilfl
Lo.nua Mgsnq (11ruero rr,ry ce cpeua ryK 3a np'bB ntr), c [pnxo.u,Irre Ha Cohors I Lusit-
tanorum) [An{oniniana] e zs4rarua,rr HflKaKBa crpaAa, BepotlrHo xpaM, aKo ce cr,AI{ no ynorpe-
SeHr.rre rJraroJrr4 consecravit dedicavitque. Taeu Koxopra Aocera 6e HsBecrHa B Ilerl'lpl4
.loKvMeHTa (Haglzcr.l 14 BoeHHr4 4anlouu). Haruut{r HaAltlc H3T'bKBa,
rle HeI}HI'Jqr npecroti e
lr
roBa ceJrHUIe e npoA'bnlrLtlr H npa Cenepzre. HaArHcz c IzMeHa Ha HefiHH BerepaHl4 ca HaMepeHI{

r Cr. CraHqes. Pagronrr4 na o6err N e Kaa-rxloflct(oro rpaalltqe. l4Al4, XVIII, 1952,285 c,rr.
2 B HacroqqaTa cTaTuq or6e,{qasa,Ve HaKpaTKo caMo Haf,-BaXHI4Te saxoAKlt, Kot.tTo IIoBAHIaT HqKol.t npo6aerr.tl]
c orxeA Ha rlcTopusTa Ha cenl{u{eTo.
F
-l -\p.xo.norls, xs. l-2, 1959
26

B AAaMKflt4ce (aHr. Tponeyrr,r Tpaanra) u Xrpcoao (anr. Uryc).t B racrela Ha KaArxtoticxoro

rpaAr4ule e r4MaJro r4 Apyry1 HaLflucv, or KorlrTo ce HaMepHXa Qparuenrz c oTAeJIHIi AyMr.r u
6yxnu, nalp. BONA, scil. Fortuna, orKpr,rra Karo crroJruu B creHrire. tr4gsecreH e H Apyr 3arra3eu
r.tSrlrrJro nocBeTr.rTeJIeH Ha,4nr,lc, oTKpr4T TyK npeAH HqKoIKo Aecers.letug.z Ha Ill B. npl,lHaAJre)KH
H eAHa rtraBa Ha xeHa or BapoBr4K, HaMepeHa or Hac tro BpeMe Ha pa3KonKare. Hafi-locJle rue
cnoMeHeM ocBen pa3rrrrHuTe 6uronr npeAMerr4 H roJlrMoro c'bl(poBIIue or 2638 6u,louoea
pr{Mcr{u Mouerr4 3a BpeMero or 238 Lo 275 r., orKpuro or C. I'eopraeBa npe3 1948 r.3
Harvepenare HaxoAKtr, KaKTo H pagKonaHHTe qacrH or KacreJla, rruuro creHIi ca rpaAeHn
c eApa EflJraHv KaMbHH, cnoeHr4 c 6a.l xopocau (aa eAHo Mttcro 6e orrprara H cMeceHa gv\apuA
c ner peAa ryxnr), pa3KpuBar xr.rBora Ha eAHo cenuure or II ao VI n. flo BpeMero Ha Cese-
pLITe, KaKTo ce BLIxAa or HaMepeHVfl, HaAilfic or Kaparala, ceJll4lrlero npex(I'lBtlBa 3HaqI4TeJIeH
MaTepaaJreH pa3rlBer, KaKbBro BnpoqeM 4ocTHraT BcilqKI4 CenHUIa n ceeepHa Bs,rrapza u !o6'
pla,xa ttpe3 rr4rr ro4znr,t.a Kru xpaa na III s. To npe)K[BnBa HqKaKBa rcaracrpo0a. Bpelrero nroxe
,u.a ce oflpeAenu npu6nu3r4Tenuo Iro noc,lreAHHTe MoHerH or 3apoBeHoro cnoMeHaro c'bxpoBnlrre.
IIo rona BpeMe e 6nna pa3pymeHa r{ crpaAara, 3a Koflro craBa AyMa B HaAnlica. Car'lrzqr HaArIzc,
KaKro u xy6anure KBarpLt, c Koaro e 6sn H3rpaAeH roBLI xpaM (?), ca 6n.rrz npeylorpe6enn
rrpg noflpaBKara Ha Kacrefla. I4Hrepecno e Aa ce or6elexvt, qe HaArIHc'br 6e B orrnr{Ho
cr,crotHlre, Karo qepBeHara 6ory c KoflTo ca 6nnu IIoKpuBaHH BcHItKIi oQnqla.tHtl HaAuHcH or
pr4McKara enoxa, 6e 4o6pe 3a[a3eHa LI Muoro cnexa. Tosa coqfl, qe rofi e crottn cpaBHITreJIHo
He MHoto BpeMe r43./IO)KeE ClopeA HaIITHTe npeArlonox(eHl4s oKoJIo 60 roAuHl,t.
-
Bcr,r,lxIa resH o6croflTeJICTBa n Qaxra BoAqr Ao ecrecrBeHoro 3aKJIIoqeHHe, r]e rMar'!
pa6ora c ,u,Ba erana or xl'rBora Ha eAHo norpaHHqHo ceJIHIIre: puMcKI't I'l KbcHopIlMcKt4' To
nocTpaAano rrpH n,bpBHre rorcKr.t HailecTBrarr or cpeAaTa x nocJIeAHaTa qerBbpT Ha III e. flo-
Ao6pe Hr.r e rrogHara HeroBaTa K'bcHoaHTHqHa MaTepl4anHa I(ynTypa, KolaTo To npo)KI4BgBa o[Ie
250 roAraua Karo Bax(eH nyHKr or JII'lMeca a .Il,o6pyaxa.
Koe e HMero Ha roBa cenurrle ? Cnopea e4nn (By.nne) ro e Kanl.,u&uaaa. cflopeA Apyra,
([kopnHn) HrrpuuaaHa. Hr4e pa3rronaraMe c HqKorKo clrrypHl{ AoI{yMeHra or pltMcKara
-
ra3fi qacr ua Tparzx, Kor.rro HH AaBar lo6pa B'b3MoxHocr .qa noKanllgl{paMe BcHlrKH
erroxa 3a
nocefleHrdq lo Jrr.rMeca. Kacae ce 3a flenrnnreponara Kapra (Tabula Peutingeriana), iltteno-
Ar4reJrrr Ha HMrreparop AH'IoHHH (ltinerarium Antonini), Cnnctxa na c.nyxe6nl{re paHroBe (Notitia
Dignitatum) n r43BecrHoro c'bqHHeHHe na flporonufi, ,3a nocrpotixure" (De aedificiis). Zssectuo
e, qe apxerzrrbr Ha flenrzHrepoBara Kapra ce nocraBfi rtrra II B. vnIvt nbpBara TIoJIoBI{Ha na III s.
(n ctutuocr rr Bb3xoxAa KtM Kaprara Ha Arpzna), a oKoHqareJlHara ia pe4arqua e craHaJla B
qe e or BpeMero Ha Kapaxa.la,
!,uox.leraauono npelre.6 3a Itinerarium Antonini ce npe4toJlata,
o6aqe naft-Ao6pzre p:bKorr?rcu ca c'brrlo or BpeMero Ha ,Il,aorlernau, 3aqoro ryl( ca orpa3enl'I
Bcr4qKH npoMeHH B r.rMeHara, craHaJII,r rlo HeroBo Hapex(AaHe. CtcrasqHero Ha Notitia Dignitatum
ce orHacrr [paBHJIHo KT,M [ibpBara IIoJIoBHHa Ha V n., a c'bttl,lHeHl4ero na flpoxgnzfi ,,3a no-
crpoftKgTe,,AaBa c'bcrosHaero n Tparua npe3 rl'bpBara noJtoBHHa Ha VI e.6 Cne.(osarerHo HI'Ie
noryrlaBaMe Hr{KoJrKo ol-ropHr.r roqKlr or II Ao VI s. EaHo cpaBHljrenHo c'bllocraBnHe Ha ceJIH-
ulara B ra3H qacr Ha Tpaxva (a flrreeo4r,rreJlure ca Aa4eHz 14 pa3crosnuma) nu AaBa cneA-
Hara KapTHHal
1 W. W a g n e r. [Die Dislocat'ion der rclmischen Auxiliarformationen in den Provinzen Noricum, Pannonien,
Moesien und Dakien von Augustus bis Gallienus. Berlin, 1928, 163-164; VIB. BeneAHron' I4BAA,
rx, 1953, 64.
2Cr. Tocilescu. Fouilles etrecherchesarch6ologiquesen Roumanie.Bukarest,1900,202,n,25:
CIL, III, I4433.
3 T. lepaclrMon. VLAVI, XVII, 1950,224;C. leopnneaa. AAA, XVIll, 1952,281.
a E. lepon. Porlrann3M'br Mexry .Il,ynaaa u 6alr<ana. II, lCy[IOQ, 47, 1950-1952,21 cn'
5 3a Tabula Peutingeriana cpo. Kubitschek. RE, X, col. 2115 cn;Schanz-Hosius. Geschichte
der rdmischen Litdratur. II, 1935, 3310 c,r.
6 Jlureparypa sa flrreroArareJrr.rre rj sa Notitia Dignitatum sx. s : ,[arrHcKlr It3BopLt 3a ucropl.lflra Ha
6'rmapur. I, Co@ua, 1958, 10, 225.
 27

Tab. Peut. VII t Itin. Ant.222, 2 sq. I Not. oien. or. 40,20

Trimamio XII Trimammio VII Trimammio

Pristis IX Sexantapristis XII Sexagintaprista
Tegris XIV Tigra VIIII Tegra
Appiaris XIII Appiaria XIII Appiaria
.? Trasmarisca XII Transmariscam XVI Transmariscae
Nigrinianis XII Candidiana XIII Candidiana
Tegulitio XI Teclicio XII Teglicio
Durostero XVIII Dorostoro XII Durostoro

V flpoxonzfi, y xororo MaMe r.r3BecrHo pa36'bpKBaHe Ha ceJlnularat KaflAvr4fiaHa cbxlo

14

e nocraBeHa cneA TpaHcMapucKa, Karo noMex(Ay e BM'bKHar eAL.lH Kacren AnreHoH, KOIiTo,
KaKro e r43BecrHo, ce e HaMEparr cJre,( .{ypocropyu,l flpoxorafi nuxle :2 p,ed. di Tpctopapiaxay
lpupd rc i 'Ahryvdv, xai 6nep xaTofiot RctvdLdnva, xaOylpylptvo't, npde aind,u noleptiav no))'Qt npotepou,
inLpil,elae il6iaxe xar). ).6yov tfie Tpeicts. CrlolaeHasafiKu rzts cerfiula, flpoxonati o6pbula BHIIMaHr.re,
qe MHoro no-paHo KanAs,4l.tal-1'a 6vna pa3pylxeHa.
flpanu BneirarJreHr4e, qe B cnoMeHarrzre HgBopH peA6T Ha ce,r[rrara e a6conrorHo
e{HaK'bB. [Ipn6ansnreJlHo eAHaKBv ca u pa3croflHntra. I4seecrxa pa3JILIKa nMa caMo ga cerrr4-
ulero, pecn. craHrlrrrra cJreA TpaHcuapucKa, AH, Tyrpaxau. B TP (nafi-pau.i,un I43BOp) e noco-
rleHo Nigrinianis, a nra Bcrirr{Krr ,apyrk Candidiana. tlpz roBa B TP pa3croqHrero e 12
-
Mvt1tu, a B IA-13 Mvnn. PagilHrara or eAHa Mr.rJH o6aqe He Mo)I(e ,4a 6tAe oco6eHa npeqKa,
3auroro BceKr.r, Koriro e pa6orxfl no-3a.q'bn6oqeno c flrreno.qzreJll{Te, 3Hae, qe npn pa3rHr{HHTe
nperr?rcx B prKonricure rafi-o6urHoBeHo rrBreHl4e e ryK-TaM Aa LI3naAa hnu [,a ce npz6ana no
eAHa rreprxrla (l), c Korrro ce o6o3HaqaBar crropeA pr{MCKI4re IIUQpH cborBerHlre pa3crosHr.rr.
Ha rosa B c'bIIIHocr ce A'bJrxar Lr pagiluurrTe pa3crogHl,ra Ao eAHv L c.rlrlr crarIJvlvt, 3a qrzero
AHeIIHO ilOKAilIl3}jpaHe HqMa HTJKaKBO CbMHeflr,re.
Pearr Ha rufl ce,'rurra e 6un cbBCeM ecrecrBeHo 3a6enfl3aH or BcI4r{Ka, KoHTo ca ce
onr4Tarr.t Aa rut JroKaJrH3HpaT. TaKa K. lllxopnrz,rr frocraBH Hurpzunana Ha KaA'bKboficroro rpa-
Anu{e (,,AoJruoro rpaAlru1e"), a Kanruruaua roft JIoKaaI43Hpa B c. floilHua, Cn.nacrpencro,
BbnpeKH qe roBa e a6cypauor 3srrloTo or TpaHCMapucKa, AH. TyTpaKaH, AO C. |IOILIHa pa3croq-
Hr.rero He Mox(e aa 6r7e 13 uunn, Koer(i e pa3croflHr.re Ao KaAtrroticxoro rpaAl4ule. Hero
o6aqe lf]xopnnn cBbp3Ba c HrrpuHvaHa. Calr Lllxopnu.n BH)I(Aa roBa x nulle:3 ,,Kaaguauaua
HaxoAu.rracb e 12 M or Tegulicium v B 13 u or Transmarisca, cneAoBare,ttlHo JIe)I{aJIaBo croqHee
craHqHH Candidiana. Mu npeArroJrataeM, qro 3Ta craHuufl coorBercrByer HbtHeruHeMy ,,fpa-
,quu{eTos y c. flo[r.rHa, xoTq pac croflHr.r'I Me)KAy HHM H COCeAHHMH CTaHuI,IflMrlr
H He cxo,rr,Hbt c paccTof HnflMr.r oT cTaHr-It4k1 candidiana" (paape4xara ruon, B.).
Bnxp,afn<u roBa cr. nporuBopeqr4e, rofi Ha eAHo Mrrcro c'bBceM MLIMoxoAoM u3Ka3Ba lpe.qnoJlo-
)KeHI,Ie, rle ABeTe r.iMeHa MOraT IA 6'.b\aT I,rMeHa Ha eAHa cTaHul4fl, 6es o6aqe Aa HanpaB?r
HrKaK,bB onnr ,4a o6scstt 3arrlo e BtsMoxrHo roBa : ,,Nigrinianis z.nu Candidiana 6ama pllMcKafl
cTaHrIHrr, HaxoAl4BIIIarrCq MeX,4,y HbrHetxHr4MU rOpOAaMI,r Tyrparanolt n Cz,nrzcrpueft.na
B csoqra asBecrHa KHnra 3a ,{o6pyaxa P. By,rne HanpaBo cB'bp3Ba KaArrcoft c KaH-
IuAuaHa, KaTo Ha eAHo MqcTo s roil MraMoxoAoM cB6p3Ba.4BeTe HMeHa, o6aqe He B3eMa HrjKaKBo
orHorueHne KbM nporuBoperrl4Blrre cBeAeHI{fl B cnoMeHarlrre r4gBopr4.6 .Iloxa.tuslpanero sa KaH-

1 3a A.nrenox ex. Not. Dign. Or. 40, 28.

2 P r o c. De aedif. IV, 7, 9 (ed. Haury, 132, 8-10).
K. lll n o p n u n. nPAI,lR, X, 1905, 458.
4 K, l1l x o p n H n. I4PAWK, X, 1905, 262.
5 R. V u I p e. Histoire ancienne de la Dobroudja. Bukarest, 1938, 225, 245, 303.
28

AHAt4aHa c PffxoBo or O. KaHHq Lr K. fla,{ He fioq]rba Ha clarypHl iraHHLr ne HeBqpHo. Tyr e

JrexaJla Anuapat.r
B cserryHara Ha flocneAHr.rre apxeororur{ecKu cBeAeHufl o6aue supoc'br c aHTaqHoro
nMe Ha KaAtrloftcroro rpaAr.rqe ce nocraBrr B MarKo flo-Apyra cBerJtI]Ha. Ha Aeara erarla or
pa3Br.Tqero Ha ceJrHrrlTo orroBapqr r.r .aBere [MeHa: Nigrinianis ce e Ka3BaJIo cenxillero npeAl,l
flxoxleruaH, Candidiana HeroBoro B'b3craHoBrBaHe. B ro3l'r c.lyuaft
e 6z.lo uapeueHo cneA
HSeCTHO 3HaqeHrre e r,rMaJro r{ eAHo Apyfo o6croqrercrso. I4Mero Ha nbpBoTo e npoH3BOAHO
or niger '- qepeH, crparrleH, Jrorrl, AoKaro BToporo HMe e npoltaBoAHo or HeroBoro rIporI'IBo-
noJloxgo [oHrrrl4e candidus 6nl, qflcr. AHanor[qeH cayuali HMaMe H npl{ LMero Ha aHTITq-
-
Horo cennrue Ha Mffcroro Ha AH. BsAsH; TP aaea HMero Malum or malus - JIoIlI, Aoxaro
or ,fl,norlernaH Harartr (n IA u BbB BCH.TKLI Apyrlt nasopt't) ce cIIoMeHaBa BeI{e xaro Bononia
or bonus Ao6sp, T. e. cbulo or nporr4BorroJro)I{Horo My noHttrl,Ie. Ctuttaq clyuafi
r.rMaMe r.r cr,c ceJrnule r ,Il,olua flauosr.rs.2 Brs ncnqxs rr4s, cnysav TP orpaaana cbcrotlHl'Iero
npeAp ,Il,zox.neruau, a IpyrHTe r43BopH - cneA Hero. fIoAo6Hu rIpoMeHH Ha ceJI[xlHI4 I'IMeHa
ca MHoro xapaKrepHn Ba ,fl,nox.teruauoBara e[oxa. Te ca B Ayxa Ha HeroBoro orHo[IeHHe K'bM
noftcxosure qacrrr, pa3nonoxeHl4 no ruMeca. Cau roft nbryBa HeeAHoKparHo no ,[l,yuan, aaeua
Mepr(H 3a yKpe[BaHe or6pauHreJrur4Te Bt,gMoxHocru Ha JII,rMeca, Karo rbpcn vpes nafi-pa3JILqHI4
cpeAcTBa MaTepHa,Ii^HLI Lt MopanHH Aa noBAr{rHe caMoI{yBcTBHeTO Ha pa3nono)KeHllTe TyK
- -
BoftcKH, rrocrpal.ailv Aocra rrpfl nocneAHHTe HallrecrBus Lr onycrolxeHllq or pa3nI,IrIHI,I BapBapcKI,I
nJreMeHa or cpeAara na III g.3 EAno or rns cpeAcrBa e 6H.no I{ npexMeHyBaHero Ha ceJIHuIa
Ltilt't rpytvt reorpaQcru fioHflTnfl c HenpIrflTHH uMena, u ro c anorponeuqHa uen.
Tyr ute npn6anuru H eAHo Apyro o6crosre.rcrBo, Ba)KHo npn onpe4eJlffHero Ha HMeHara
Ha ceJrr.rula, K'bAero ca 6unu pa3nonoxeHn BoeHHH qacrr.r: TyxnLITe c neqar. Or Hr.lrpzurEana
Aocera He ca Hr4 r.r3BecrHr,r Hr4KaKBrl noAo6Hr,r eK3eMnnspn. O6a.{e ryxJIH c nerlar LEG XI CFCAND
ca a3BecrHr4: lto er,Ha-.[ee e Psxoao, n florzHa a HrrKoJIKo sa KaArrtoftcxoto rpaAnqe. flpn
flocJre.[,Hr.rre pa3KonKH orKpr,rxMe oule HflKoJrKo ryxJrr{ cbc c'bIuHfl nel{ar : Leg(io) XI C(laudia)
f(idelis) Cand(idianae), xoero yBeflHqaBa o6urnq 6pofi na HaMepeHl{re ryxnn c raKbB rleqar u
lrocraBfl Kagrrroficroro rpaAgrrle Ha rrbpBo Mgcro lro rr.rs naxo4rn.a B cayuaa craBa AyMa 3a
eAHo noAeneune or XI K.lagAraea JIefLroH, Koero, KaKTo e I,I3BecrHo, e 6u.lo Ha nalep B

KauAuAuaua.6
Kora e craHaJro pecraBpr{paHero Ha Kacrena rnn rronpaBKara Ha pa3pyllleHure '{acrfl ?
Iloc.leAsure MoHerH or HaMepeHoro c'bKpoBr4rrle Aocrr.Irar Ao 275 r. H3nectuo e, qe npl4
nun. Anpe.luau (270-275) rcapm HarraAar ra3r.r qacr Ha JlHMeca x ce npeAfloJlala, qe caM
r{Mneparop'br ce e qBrr.r B ,Il,o6pyAxa, sa aa rH pa36r4e. Llacr or pas6urure Kapfln ca 6unn
3aceJleHr{ MaJIKo ceBepor43TorrHo or Hatlturr Kacre,T ltpn AH, Xrpcoao, K'bAero lllecrAecer roAI{HI4
IIo-K.bcHo Auuau Mapqe.nuu ru o[r4cBa Karo MI4pHo ceJIcKo HaceJIeHHe, xnBeel[o B cBoero
ceJro Vicus Carporum.o BupeKV Jrr.tKBra,qupaHero Ha toTcKara orlacHocr oTAeJIHI'l rpynn ca
-
MHHaBaJIr.t Aynan u ca rpa6e.lu us 6nuexure Ha peKara oKoJlHocrll. Caru !,rlox.tteruaH u la-
lepufi npeg locfleAHoro Aecerr4nerlie Ha III B, nr.Iqno ca gacraBaJlfi HaqeJIo Ha BoIicKI{Te cI{
rIporI{B rltfl 3aBoeBate.lu' flpr eAHo or rt4fl HanaAeHHs e 6ut YHI{Hoxeu tPaAlt Tponeyu

r Patsch. RE, III, 1899, col.1472,3a Hnrprannarurc JlHflcBa crarrr B RE. OceeH a TP rq ce croMeHaBa
IV, 7 (ed. Schnetz, 49), o6aqe or roBa He ruorar Aa ce n3BJIeKar gauoro Rav.
I y Ceogr. Rav., HUKaXBI] I't3BoAl4,

loBTapfl 6yrna.tuo crapl]Te n'breBoAljrer[ I{ Ha nbpBo vqcro TP.

2 Cpn. B. BeureBrrueB. Jlarugcrure MecrHI{ HMeHa e M}rsHq n Tparr.rn. AAn,XlX, C6. f. V|' Kauapoa,
II, 1955, 283. B Aomra flaHoHaq .qs. Easoruop e flocorreH s TP raro Malata, a BbB BcI'lqKI'r Apyrll l43BoPI'l -Bononia'
3 M. B e s n i e r. Hist, Rom. IV, L'empire romain de I'avdnement des Sdvdres au concile de Nlc6e"
Paris, 1937, 303-305.
4 K" lUKopnu a. APAAK, X, 1905, 262' 448' 451.
5 Kacae ce sa milites primi Moesiaci. Not. Dign' Or.' 40' 24.
o Bx. Besnier. II. c., 239,
 29

TparnH, Bb3craHoBes l5 ro.4nHu no-K6cHo.1 Cnupauero Ha ras. Hafla,4enuq npn [Hox,rerraaH

ilpHH\-.]Hno HMneparopa caM Aa flpeArrplaeMe HrrKoJrKo rrbryBaulrs no ,Il,yHascrzfl Jrr.rMec, 3a ,rla
B-?e!{e }repKH no HeroBoro yKpenBaHe u [orrrraue.z E.u,uo or Hari-saxHnTe ncryBaHnq e craHalro
::e: 294 r. flpes eceHra Ha ralla roAHHa rori norer,'rrrJr or CuHrzAyHyu (8 cenreruapz) H
cnlrpafixu ce noqra 868 BcsKo HaceJreHo Mscro, crnrHaJl eABa Ha 5 noeunpz s KoHcrautuHonoJr,
Karo ce ABH)KeJr no AynaBcKvta u upailwopcKns nrr. Ha 18 oxrorvrnpu ro HaMHpaMe B TpaHc-
\rapxcKa, a aa 27 u 22 cnuutr Meceu e Beqe n [ypocropyM. CneAoBareJrHo Ha 19:20 or-
roMBpH 294 r. n,rorJlerriraH e npeMr,rHaJr npe3 aHrr.rqHoro ceJrr{ue Ha
Ka,u,rxnoIicKo rpaAnue.s Prroprr EsraeHlrri n 4rpxanara npe3 eceHra aa 297 r.
.ILH,
peq noxBanBa I43pI4r{Ho uMnepaTopa 3a ,Bb3cTaHoBrrBaHe nafepu Ha altu n KoxopTH r]o Jil{Meca
na klcrtp, Pefin ra EeQpar".a Aaa crpoureJrHrr Harnvca or Tpancuapr4cKa u ,flypocropyu c
norrTs eAHaI(BO CbA'bpxauae 406pe r4nrocrpHpar yr(penr4renHara aefiuocT rro THf uecra. HaA-
llr.rcbr ua TpaucuapHcKa ce ilarLrpa c"re.u, I ilaapr 293 r., a Ha4nr4 c'br or flypocropyM MaJrKo
-
c.'rea 302 r.6 flpea rvln ron\AHLt e Bb3craHoBeHa H eAHa or noprare Ha Tolru, KaKTo ce BI4)KAa
or enEH naanuc.6 Hne cnae y6e4enll, qe KacreJrbr rrpu Ma.nrr llpecnaneq e 6nt [onpaBeH
HMeHHo npe3 Te3tr torI4nl4. Tot? 3aeMa Bax{Ho crparerfiqecKo Mrcro B cucreMara Ha .{o6py-
n.xarcrLrfl JrnMec I4 roBa rvrflcro He e MorJro Aa ocraHe 3a no-A'bnro BpeMe HeyKperreno. llo rosa
BpeMe ue .u,a e craHarTo r4 HeroBoro npeHMeHyBaHe u B nripBzrr oQzqna.nen AoKVMeHT, ly6.nu-
KyBaH npe3 THs ronAHt4, e xoliro neqe ca HaHeceHr4 HoBr.rre I4MeHa Ha peAl{ua ceJrl4ula
s fltreno.4lareJls Ha Hnn, AnroHzH rofi Beqe e HoceJI HoBoro cra HMe Kanlnlwasa, -.

1 C. Patsc h. Beitr2lge zur Vdlkerkunde von Siidosteuropa. Illil, SB .4cad. Wien, Phil.-Hist. Kl., 208,
1928,7-13.
2 3a nrrynanunra ua ,[roueruaH cpB. nolpo6nu nureparypHt{ yxa3aHufl y B.BefiKoB. hgcreAnaHun s
qecr Ha axat, n, Aeqes, 1958, 738, 6er" 4.
3 Cpn. Enfllin. RE, VII, A, 1948, col. 2439-2440.
a P a n e g. Latini. IV, 18 (ed. Baehrens).
5 CIL, III, 6151 et p. 1349; I. I. R u s s u. Inscriplii latine din Durostorum, Anuarul Inst. de st. clas., Il,
1933/35, 2r0-2t2.
6 CIL, III, 14450.

l-
 Pl43Hl,'lUH HA TPAKI4 OT V-lll B. nP. H' E.

II. O|HEHOBA

CpeA 6orarza rpo6eu fiHBeHTap HaMoft4Jrr4Te qecTo ce cpeuaT H pI'I3HI4IIHTe Ha norpe-

6asnre BoLtHrr. Te o6a,{e qecTo AocrHrar Ao Hac B N{Horo Jlolxo c'bcroqflIze Aopll Koraro B no-
roJrrrMara cI4 qacr ca 6nlu uepa6oreHn or HeopraHl.4qecKa Marepl4r MeraJI, PagqAeuu u pa3-
-
pylueHlt or pa3ltr oKr4c,lrrBaur,rs, Te c'b3AaBar 3arpy.qHeHl,tq npl4 npoyrlaaHnrra. 3arona lpt't
ny6.nnxynagero Ha Marepr4arrire HqKou qacrr.r or paBHaIIa ca ocraHaJIIz uepas6paHu vJru n'bK
ueny6,rrrynaHH, a r,r rLrl.bl Ha caMr,rre pH3IrI,ruI{ e ocraHa.rt HeotlpeAeJleH, Honnre na6,rrc.u.eHHq
qacrl{r KoI4To
Ko1ro )'cngx Aa Ha[paBr B-bpxy ty6,nuxysaHlrre pH3HLIuH, KaKro I.I Bbpxy rexHBTe
ce c.bxpaHsear e Apxeo,loruqecKr4s rrryaeli npl4 Bt.nrapcxara aKa\euufl Ha HayKI{Ter AaAoxa
B.b3MoxHocr Aa ce cr,ro6rr gflKorl qacrtr or neue ny6.lrKyBaHl4 pH3HI4uH u Aa ce B'b3craHoBtlr
cai\1are re.'loea Ao[pr46ece u 3a ilpoyqBaHero Ha pI43HI,ttII4Te, 3acllfleuu a Tpaxua.
Pusuaqure, orKpt4-
rr.! B norpe6eHusra or V s.
np. H. e. rpait celara Tara-
pero (flrpnovaficxo;,1 Ttp-
HEqene (Kasau.rrrmxo),2 Cne-
r,reH (flononcro),3 ca Hanpa-
BeHH iloqrr.r t43urrroor 6poHs
rl ca rroAo6HH Ha apxauq-
Hrre pr{gHrjur.l, r.rso6paseHIz
Brrpxy uepHoQurypHI4re Ba3'I
or r(pafi Ha VI e. np. H. e.
Brpxy eAEa raKaBa Ba3a
noAo6Hn pt4sHI4UH Hocflr cl4-
Hbr Ha Axu,,r HeonrofleM H
MeHe,rari (o6p. 12).a Pusua-
uara e K'bca Ao noqca I'I 3a
r,a He Ha6uea rqroro, ce
H3BnBa HaBbH LI Ce pa3IIlH-
pstsa Karo xau6ana no.u, ra-
rr4flTa. npn u;.unra PI43HLIqa- O6p. 12. l4so6paxeuue or uepuoSurypHa Ba3a or Kpaq na Vl e' np' H' e' -
Heottroaelt y6una Acrnauaxc n llpuan,r (no Pfuhl, cporo P' Cranena)
TA CC U3BVtsA 868 BI{COKA
AKa, 3a Aa npeAnaSH e.lI,HO
qacTlt npe.llHa LI
or Haft-ynsai{Ml4Te Mecra --- I'bpJroTo. Tesu paenaun ca HanpaBeHu oT ABe -
3aIHa, KOHTO Ce 3aKaqaT eAHa K'bM Apyra Ha paMeHeTe I',l noA MHIIHI',IIIHTe Ha BoHHa' Eaua
-
I I,l s,ts e n K o B, Hosr4 utor-r4rrrfi Haxo.(Kri. VIA74, V, 1928, 56 c,r., o6p. 44
(re ca o6uapoanann rcuvru uacru)'
z n. ;1. /l r rrr u r p o a. Tparuficrara rpo6ua HaxorKa or c. n,sr6oxlr, Craposaropcro. Pfl, IV' 1949' 231,
o6p. 30-31.
3 I4e. BeIKoB. Il. c.,52, o6p.78 (ne ca o6iraponnanu acuurtl uacru)'
1 E. piuhl. Malerei und Zeichnung der Griechen. Mrinchen, 1923, III' 61' o6p.241.
 31

. . io,]efiqera MaHaBa no p'b6oBere Ha pr,r3Hr,rqara. Te nphKpenBanu no4wlaTaTa, Kosro

:::.'a TF,'roTo oT TBpKaHeTO Ha MeTaJ'la H 3aSApaBrrBa"ra no-Ao6pe caMaTa pr'r3Hr..Iua.
- paxHa n norpe6enurrra or Kpaq Ha V n. np. H. e. ce HaMHpar ri apyr nn4 6poHsonr
, P;r-r'lruara or Morr.rJrnrn rpo6 npl,t c. Pyeq (T'bpronuuls6)r Ha np'bB norJreA npaJrnqa
: -.:-,,,'---i:le. o6aqe 3a pa3nr4r(a oT Tflx BMecTo c BHCoKa qKa, KoqTo Aa npeIna3Ba rbpJloTo,
- - - ..-it:ro H3prr3aHa ra ocraBs orKptiru He caMo tul,rgra, Ho vt t'bpAl-rre, flpu roea rr e
-:r: -- i'lO.fBAX{Ha IIJIOLIKa, KOflTO Ce npl,IKpenqIa KTrM TailI4flTa I4 KaTO npeCTAnKa 3aI{A-
::-: i.ttrlrHaTa qacT. Karo ce r4Ma npea BI,r,4 MOAenbT Ha pI.i3HZIII4Te OT Ve. c elrcoxLr flKu,

-: -: 32IHT?I!1 Ha KaKBO Ce I',bIDKU Ta3U HeflOrnr{HOCT U 3a[lo e 6U.trO UeO6XO4finlO 4a

.: -:,r5oxo rigpsla*a Ha rbpAr4re. llpr rona pH3Hr.lrlara or Pyeq He e cryvatino nBJIeHI4e.
- .: Ha Herr, uo c Au6oKo r43prr3aHa npeAHa qacr e u pr.r3Hr{Ilara, HaMepeHa e rpo6Huqara
- -- *l.16orr (Craposaropcxo),2 raxro 14 pr.r3Hlrllara or r. xap. Bau:ona MOruJIa npa c. [y-
..-,-,:,,..: iloqeara Ha rprz pHBHr,rrIH roBopu 3a erHH pasnpocrpaHeH rrirr, cbsAaAeH nopaAll ce-
^.:'.:"' cto6paxeHur.
-leficreHrerHo Karo c!{ npe4craBuM HoceHero Ha MeraJrHHTe pugHr4IJu, KoHTo npttcrl-
-:,:.: le,'IHrr fp'l,AeH Kotu, BKJIrcrlI4TeIHo n IlI4flTa) He MO)KeM .4a AOnyCHeM, rle Te ca 6unn MHolo
. -t5Hs 3a HoceHe. Toaa HanaraJlo rlrJrara fopHa rlacr Ha rsJloro Ia 6'al\e l43npaBeHa Karo
:-::!tseHa, Bonur,r 6r vonn Aa ce HaBeAe HarpeA .qoroJrKoBa, AoKoJrKoro e rlo3BoJlflBara \il4-
:t;ara Ha H3BHBKara Ha Br.icoKara rKa" Crapara rau6aHonsnHa pr43Ht4IIa xBHo e crIbBaJIa fio,tlBtrx-
:f r-Tr2 Ha rlbxeTe n 6os 14 3aroBa Hr{KoH ca ce oTKa3BaJlr,r oT HoceHeTo Ha plr3Hlaqa H npeA-
-:;;i a..ir J.a ce 6uqr 3arrlureHr., caMo or IlJreM, r\14't vt HaKoJIeHHLtqu, fauo pa3HHIIara or rt{na
.1 :z?i' 1-rT PJ'eU u fi,n6oxvt 4u5oxo r43p''za1,a ornpe.[, !I oKoJIo MrttllHl4utlre - e AaBa/'Ia
--:a i:r5ola Ha nBzxeHlrqra, - Ho Karo cz roMLrcJrAM, r{e nplr pH3HI4LIara or Pyeq e 6ra"tro
;,:r.!;'--.:eiio nprcnoco6.treHue, KoeTo Aa SatII4Ta KopeMHaTa qacT, HeLoIVcTl.rMo e, qe T'bKMo 3a
:-:,rire il r-bp.{oro ue ca 6anu B3eru [pe4[a3Hh MepKIa. EAun 3ana3eu TeKCT or cr'Lr,rHeHL!flTa
ra .-,ieirorfoHT, i+(HBs,rr roilHo no BpeMero, Koraro ca 6nlu norpe6aun Bor.rHltTe B MoraJlldre fipa
Pr ea r f l,'r6oxn -- Kpar{ rir V r HaqaJroro Ha IV n. np. H. e,, -- Moxe Aa HLI ocBernu. B lpe-
trop-bKHre cu, KaK rpa6ea Aa 6r,Ae B'bop'b)KeH eAr,ru KoHHrzr, KceuoQoHr onucBa napa6oreauero
ua vro6sa pr.r3Huqa H qacrrre, or Kor.rro rn rpa6ea Aa 6rAe cbcraBena. Tofi or6erqsBa, qe
e.r,Ho or Hali-gs,'roxeHHTe Mecra Ha rroBeuKoro rqro ("a ,cM'lprHa onacuocr') e rbpJloro 14

3aroBa e Heo6xo4aMo Aa ce np[Kar]H KT,M pn3Hrnuara gaIIIr4THo npncnoco6reulle Ba utnflTa.

Tona rpncnoco6neHne 6u rpa6sano Aa 6rAe noABH)i{Ho A ra*a uspa6oreHo, ve Aa c,tryxl't H
Karo yl<pariIeHHe.a
Karo zuanae npe,( BHA pt43Hr.rqure or Pyeu, nr.n6oxra w flyaaunufi, uue He Mo](ei\r Aa
ge or6e.texzM, rre H ,qBere ce Hy)KAaflT TbKMo or eAHa no,4o6Ha 3auII4TiIa qacr, KaKBaro ofiltcRa
KceHoQoHr. Leficrsure,'rno eAHara pn3Hr4rla e 6una HaMepeHa c'bc 3JIareH Harp'bAHt4K, Koero
orroBapfl Ha eAHo or r.r3rcrBaltflTa, IaBTr,KHarr,r or Kceuo$oHT, I,r Mox(e r\a cnyi'i(tt 3a yxpaca
Ha pl,l3t{I-lqaTa, HO TaKa, KaKTO e HaiIpaBeH OT TbHKa IIJIaCTLIHKaT He M0)Ke n,a npe.[na3l{ HOCU-
TeJIrr oT yAapr{Te Ha Henpr4flTe,rlrr.
B Aocera HanpaBeriuTe npoyqBaHu.rr He e MorbJr Aa c,e l,rAeHru$r.ruapa npeAMerbr, xofiro
4a oTroBapfl Ha cnoMeHaroTo onr{caHHe rra aHTr,rqHr.ra asrop.6 caruo Bl,pxy e4ua 6poHaoBa cra-
ryr?xa or ArpureHr (Cuuunun)6 or ntpnara noJroBHHa Ha V n. np. H. e., Kosro rpeAcraBnrBa
r Berrcon. i-1. c., o6p.53.
2Anr'rHrpoB. l-i.c.,211 cr.,o6p.4i.r 5;AAL4,VI, 1930-1931,44-55;K.tUKoprlrr.Morunn'
flnonnun,1898, 130 c.'r.; B, llpoxopon. Borrapcxiq pacKonKil 6rlsr 3cxu-sarpu. Cfl6.,1880.
3 ,Il,ynau.nnfi, Cocpnr, 1934,72, o6p. 91 (norpeulro ca crno6esu qacrr.rre ra pt:nuuara).
a E. Saglio. Lorica;Daremberg-Saglio, DA, 1309.
5 Xenophontis scripta que supersunt. Parisiis, 1878, 724-725; Equit., XII, 2'
0 Fr. Cumont. Statuette de bronze d'Agrigente. RA, 1897, 328, rafu. XVII H XVIII.
32

BOI,H C pn3HI4IIa, flCHO

BHx(AaMe "[yHoBr4AeH Ha-
rpa,AHr,rK c RacoKa flKa,
Toaz Harpr4HuK c BhcoKa
flKa He MOII(e Aa He Hr-l Ha-
rloMHH BeAHara npoqyTHs
Harp'bAHr.rK or Mesex
(Cna.le urpaAcxo).r
Harpr4uumr or
Mesex (o6p. 13 a,6), na-
Mepen s Hari-ronsMara 14

Hari-nxyruure,nHara rpo6-
HI{Ua, OTKpHTa AOCeta B

Tpaxur, ce cnrpsaa o6rzr-

HoBeHo c norpe6anrrure
o6usan Ha rpaKHTe H ce
ilpIeMa 3a yKparxeHue
cnequaJlHo 3a yrrape,Un.!
O6a,re aKo pagrJrer,aMe
BHBMaTeJIHO He|OBOTO yC-
rporicrno, 6uxrvte ce yc'bM-
HLIIIH B TOBa TBbpAe-
HHe. Tofi HMa JTyHoBHAHa
$opnaa rd Br.rcoKa qra. flo-
BbpxHOCrTa My e [OKpr{Ta
c rbHKa cpe6rpua noaJra-
TeHa nJlacrnnra c 6orata
yKpaca. Cpe6rpHara no-
3TIATEHA NJIACTIIHKA HC C
no-Ae6e.ra or gJlarHara or
flrn6orcu, o6aue sa paa-
JIr{Ka OT Hes Trr e 3ApaBO
yKperreHa oT Macr{BHa xe-
Iq3Ha nIOrrKa, KOqTO 3a-
SApaBflBa He CaMO nyHO-
Br{AHaTa rracT Ha HafpbA-
HHKa, HO 14 BUCOKaTa flI{A.
}Ke.nsgnara no.4noxKa or
cBorr crpaHa e 6u.na noA-
6
nJIaTeHa c Koxa vilH
O6p, 13. Harpt.uulzx or rpo6suuara npu Meaer (Ceu,renrpalcro)
(froro II. X,re6apon) nJI'LCT, KaKTO Ce BllXAa
a-rJeAaH ornpel;6 - rdeaaH orcrpaln or 3ana3eHaTa MaTepI{s B

pbxAaTa na o1parnaTa cTpaHa Ha Halpb,qHllKa. flrara ABeTe cTpaHI'I IxapHI'lpH 3a

vMa oT
npnKar{BaHe Ha HarpbAHIrKa. Ha e,qHaTa cTpaHa ce e BbprfJla 3aAHaTa qacT Ha HarpbAHI{Ka,

1 E. Q r.r n. Kynoruure rpo6uulr.r npu Mesex. \1A14, Xl, 1937, 67 c.rr., o6p. 75-77.
,r o
2 flax rav, 77 cn.; P. Amandry. Les bijoux antirlues. Strasbourg,1953, 38, l4so6uo 3a snarHl{re Ha-
rp.r,.qgr.rur4, HaMepeHH n Tparur, B ToBa qacJro l-{ Harp'bAHl.JKa or Meser, e I43TbKHaro or {. fl. AurvtlrpoB,
qe re
ca 6nnu cB'bp3aHl.r c 6uta u qe ,,ToBa ca 6ytu e,u,hH Br-ur. I4Hcl,trHHLI, KoHTor HoceHI{ npllKpeneg}l xrlt o6,reraoro u.lt'l
a.rpxy 6pounra, ca 6utu e,(HI or Hail-xaparrepHnre 6e,'lesu sa rocrtoAcrByBanloro nonoxeHl{e Ha rexHl'lre npHrexa-
y U. c.,235.
- AurtrnrpoB.
TeJIil, e,qHH nptt3Har 3a HaqatHfiqec1o,qocrofiHcrBo M'blxere".
a Ha Apyrara ce e saKonqaBaJr (o6p. 13 6). Co.rtttAnara HanpaBa Ha HarptAHHKa' Kar,.
H HaqHHbT, gO rOfirO e [pfiIO,U,eH 3a yAO6nO HOCeHe, IIOKa3BaT, I{e rOli e 6uA HanpaBel:
3a [paKTHqeCKL Ilenn. CIC cBosra 6Orara yKpaca u QOprua, or eAHa cTpaHa' I'l C.6C CBoqra
\tacHBHOCr, OT .4,pyra, roft HaIIIJIHo OTrOBapl Ha OfillcaHuero' KOerO .4aBa
KCeHoQoHr 3a
3aluHTHara r{acr Ha tbpJroro. A xaro ce HMa npeA Br{A r,r3peSKara
Ha rbp.4llTe Ha pH3Hl'I-
r{e
rlHre or PyeU, nrt6gru u [ysaannfi,, He OCraBa HHKaKB6 C'bMHeHHe' HarpbAHHK'Lr OT
Meaer upeAcraBnrrBa uMeHHo ra3u qacr or pt43Hl4qa, Koqro orII4cBa KceuoQonr Il Korro BI'tx-
or e 6u'rt HoceH
AaMe Bbpxy 6poHsonara craryfira or V np'
s. H' e. fleHo Harp'bAHHK't'r Mesex
Hnv flo-rorrHo e AOrrbJrBaJr eAHa pr.l3Hr4Ua or rl4na Ha rasu or Pyeq nau x{aa6oxa (o6p. l4).
B cpaanenue c Apyrl4re pIzaHI-rI{H c BI4coKI't flKA
Te3H c noABI'{XHaTa flKa sMaT qBHo npeIJMy'
Ha
ruecTBo I{ npeAcTaBJIgBaT yc'bB'bpueHCTByBaHe
no-crapt4u rHII. Te gauztuaBar l'bpAllre n rbp-
.loTo He IIO-3,1e oT n'bpBhTe' a uMaT H npel'iMyII\e-
cTBOTo, rle He npeqaT Ha ABn)KeHI'lqra Ha Te3L'
KOI4TO lI4 HOCqT.
Hauapauero Ha rlarp'bAH14 Ka or Mesex
o6aqe He npeAcraBnrBa I'13o.[14 paHo flBreHI4e B
Tpaxna. B cryqaiiHo pa3Konanara Mort4lla npe3
1885 r" npu c. Br'p6nqa (flpecnanu<o) cpe4 6ora-
rr4q rpo6eH I4HBeHrap ca 6unu cl6paHu Ape6uu
napqeHIIa OT Cpe6'bpHa [o3JIaTeHa nrlacrl'lHKa c
pa3HI4 opHalraeuru'1 O6a're nopaAI'I QparueHrapuoro
cbcroqHHe Ha flJIacrLIHKI'lre He I\{olJIo 'u,a ce ycTa-
HOBr4 K'bM KaK'bB [peAMer Te ca npaHaAJIeXaJIl'l'
flpu nrpnara ny6nur<aqzfl Ha nrlacruHKure ce or-
6e,[qsna, qe 3ae4Ho c rlx ca Ovnu HaMepeHI'I vt
MaJrKn rnosAefi'lera. flonexe pa3KonKHTe se 6utu
flpoBeAeHa oT c[Iequa"ILICTlir cnoMeHaro et qe fia-
MepBaqI4Te uzlarlltlLl or rpo6nuqara z paaHra 6poH-
3OBLi OTJIOM'rI1I4 H p:b)KAqcano xers3o.2
Axo pasrleAaMe no-BHlJMa'reJIHo 3ana3eHu-
ga6erqs-
Te II,lacruHKH OT M0lfi't1ara llpn Br'p6aqa'
BaMe eAA H TBa,pAe a3BecTeH MOTI4B M(lTl'tBa!
KoiiTo no3aaBaMe Karo l,naBeH .u,eKoparaRen eJIe-
MeHT B Earp'bAHtrKa or Mesex. Bux.4aue I'Jlatsuq- O5p. 14. Pngsrrta c noABl4xHa qKa-Harp'bAnllK
(xyaoxnur A. APrrPona)
KaTa, KoqTO l43pacrBa cpe.u, pa3K/loHEBaUI4 Ce Ha
f - Harpr'nHnK-qKa cr runa na Meaex ; 6 - praautla
ABe cTpaHa aKaHToBI4 JIACTa' Bt4elIIH ce cnHpaJIH or rilna Ha PYeu u Abtr6oKff
u np. Abrl4re' KOI4TO O6pauunar AeKOparI',lBHI4re MO-
Tr,tBH OT TIJIaCTHHKI4Te or Blp6uuar oIII4CBar rIoJIy-
OIlt4cBaT' H3,U'pe6HsBaT TaKa'
rcptr. pOSerHTe Ha eAr4 H OT MOTuBZTe KbM KpaI4IUaTa Ha A'blaTa' KOtITO
KaKTO H3.d,pe6ngear u [aJ]MeTr-tTe, Kor4To MI4HaBaT HenocpeAcTBeHo
.uo HKaTa IIpA Hal'pbAHI4Ka oT
Meser, r.r np. ArO IocraBIrM cnvpanl4re or Br'p6uqa B'hpxy re3u or Me3er' te
or nJIacrI'lHKqTe
qe rv ca 6unu I43KOBaHH Bbpxy eIHa
Hana,JIHO c'l,BIIaAar no pa3Mep a Qoprraa' Karo
!l c,bua MaTpuua. KaTo pa3tJrexAaMe 3ana3eHfiTe r.lacTu H cl4 IIOMalaMe c Halp'bAHI4Ka OT
Meaex, ue ycneeM .rr,a B63craHoBr.rM B o6rqu rrull4t4 pa3naAHaJIHl
ce Harp'L',II,HI'lK or B'r'p6zqa'
Taxa nroxe Aa ce ycraHoBr{, qe H BOI,IH'bT, norpe6aH npH Blp6r'rqa [pe3 IV
n' np. n' e' (o6p' l5)3,
1 LLIxopnun. I-I'. c., 181 cr'
: llar rau, 133'
3 peroucrpyx[vflra Ha Harpr,aH[Ka n3Bbprxr4x c noMotura Ha xyAo]t(HnqKara A. Aprupoea'

5 Ap*.ororro, xu. l-2, 1959

 i
i
,)+

il

t
1

O6p. 15. Bt,scraHoera Ha Harp.r,rgl4(a or Btp6uqa (Ilpecaancxo) (xyaoxnnx A. Apmpona)

e CbtIIIrs HarpbAHtlK I'l CT,XIOTO B'bOpblKeHI4e, KaKBOTO e I{MaJI H HeTOBLIqT H3T6KHaT CTt-
I4Ma.rI
BpeMeHHHK, flolpe6aH BbB BHyITI[TeJIHara rpo6Haua trpfi Me3er(. Pnenrqzre n Ha ABaMara rps6Ba
Aa ca 6LUtw no QopMa noAo6Hn Ha re3n or Pyeq u flr,n6orcu, Ho AaJrH ca 6vru HarrpaBenu or
MeraJI vlJrr4 Ko)Ka, roBa He Mo)r(e ,4a ce ycTaHoBr4 rpo6Hilrlara npr4 Me3eK e 6una orpa6eHa
B aHTxrrHocTra uB Hefl He e 6una HaMepeHa plt3Hr4rla,- a rpo6Hr4[aTa oT Ei1,p6r-]\a e 6ura pasKorraHa
cJlyqafiHo or HecIIeuI4 a JIVcrvr u HeytJIeIHZTe npe,qMeru, HaMepeHr B Hefl, He ca craHarr,r AocroqHye
Ha HayKara. Moxe Aa ce [peAIIoJIox(u c'brrlo, qe KT],M prr3Hrqara or !t.u6oxn e r.rMa.rro 3,qpaB
Ko)I(efl HarpbAHaK, B6pxy KoIiTo e 6un [ocraBeH grarHr4qr. Heqo [oAo6Ho Moxe Aa ce Ao-
rrycHe 14 3a pz3Hr.rrlara or Pyeq u flynannuit.
llpe4no,toxeuve Ba Haraque Ha pla3Hr{rla npeAr,r3Bur(Bar 14 cpe6:bpHfiTe noonareHn aflrru-
KaIlLtt|, HaMepeHlI e lorglaara Morufla npz !,ynan.nzft.1 Texnrzre pa3Mepra, AeKoparHBHt4 croxerr4,
KaKTo I'I Har{[H'E'T, no KofiTo ca 6unu tro,4peAeHrl a rpo6uuqara Ha Mscroro, K6,qero e I43TJISJ1
npeAMeTbr, Bbpxy rotiro ca 6utu lpr,rxaqeHr{, ca yKagaHtlrr 3a roBa. Ho rrbpBoro BneqarJrenl{e
ce pasxole6aBa or r:bHKocrra na cpe6rpHr{Te rro3JrareHz rrJIacrr,rHKH, or KoHTo ca HalpaBeHr{
ailJrIjKallzlrre, KaKTo 14 OT OTCT'CTBI4eTO Ha qacTu OT pr43Hr4rlara, B6pXy HOSTO annr{KaIIHHTe Ca
6unu npuxperleHlr. 3aroea ce cMsra, qe cpe6rpnare no3JrareHu ailrrvKarlLrLui ca yKpacqBang
cneqrIaJlHa Apexa, HanpaBeHa sa lorpe6eHlzero.2 Axo 4eficrnnreJrHo e 6nno raxa, rorana 6n
rpa6na,no Apexara Aa ugtopn B.bpxy KraAara 3aeAHo c rr,rroro Ha M.rrpTBeua, Koero, KaKTo ce
I nysaanufr, Ll4, ra6t. VIII, I& 7 u 2, ra6n IX, t-6 i [uu r.r r p o B. Il. c., 280.
2 .(ynanaufi, 115.
 35

i'rpne!{a. e 6xro lr3ropeno H qurrro nenen e 6x.na nonoxeHa B cpeAara Ha rpo6nrqara. B rax'rs
:.'li-:ar: afi;.aKarJvrTe ue 6uxa ce HaMepunu B TaKbB peA n eAraHr.rrr r<pafr, ua rpo6unqara, a pa3-
i =t-ra-sn H AopH paSTo[eHr.{ oT orbHfl cpeA H3ropeJruTe KocTH v fierleJr. flnno e, qe B cryqarr
:: --a \-KpacqBarr.r .4pexa, KoflTo e 6una nocTaBeHa n rpo6nuqaTa HapeA c [rJreMa, HanpaBeH oT-
:=r:;r or 6poHs H orqacrl{ or Ko)Ka. Kpati e4nara crpaHa Ha rpo6uuqara ca HaMepeHr4 )Ker'regHa
\
'rr -:z::iiEKH, np[KpeneHn eAHa B
-: -' . a il BtlOC,t eACTBIJe IIpLl
l-:-:: -fiCB?HTO CJIeIITJJII't Ce B
=-:o is.']o c IxHpIrHa 18 Cu H
--:..ilrHa 64 cu. l7'npeutr nz-
lz:e., Ha ra3n HaxoAr(a [pe.4-
ra.'r[a. qe ce Kacae 3a !]acT oT
:to.:aH, Ha KofiTo 3aAHara qacr
= 6vta or Koxa. llpu uaauvae-
:a Ha ABe yKaSaHns, KoaTo ce
aB-bp3BaT c praSHUuH arlJlr4Ka-
- Ce Cpe-
-'HH. KOHTO O6v ruOeeuO
'lar tlo pr43Hlzr-lnTe, rso6paseuu
Ba,pxy Ba3tJTe, H noflc oT xe-
.-le3HH trnacrr,lHKH, IrIr4poK J8 cv,
xofiro o6rprula rroqrrr rlerr4q
r-p'b.ileH KoIII, He MOXeM Aa
He cfi
-
cnoMHr4M oTHoBO OIACa- O6p. 16. I4so6paxenue or veprenoQurypHa Ba3a or Bropara rronoBuHa Ha
HHero Ha KcenoQonr. Panaenna- V e. np. n. e. (no Pfuhl) (Qoro P. Craneea)
ra r{acr Ha pIr3HIlIIara rpr6na Aa 6r,qe or rro-TT,HKa Marepl4rr
no-cso6o.qHa, rroHexe He npeA- a
cTaBrtlBa 3aIIIHTHa llacT, KaKBaTO e qacTTa, KOqTO O6rpr'Ura tpbAHl4fl
KOTIJ, a CBp'b3Ka. ocneH roga
KaTO HMaMe rlpe.4 BHI, qe e HMaIO He CaMO MeTaJTHH pU3HLIrIkl, HO B MHOrO CJryqaH KOx(eHH
H AopH or JIeH H IIJI'bcr, He MolI{eM Aa He AorrycHeM, qe u pr43tauara or lo.usuara Moru!'ra
\ro)Ke Aa e 6una HanpaBeHa noAo6no Ha rrrJreMa or cbrrlara rpo6nnqa or ABa BHAa Marepr4s. IIo-
rBbpx,(eHlle Ha ToBa rTpeAnono)KeHHe ce HaMr.rpa u n ueo6pa)r(eHneTo Ha tsa3ure oT BropaTa
noJIoBI4Ha ua V n. np. H. e. Mnoro no4po6no 14 MHoro flcHo ca zso6paeeun pr,rgHnUr{Te Ha
BoHHHre v Ha aMaaouKlire Bbpxy eAHa Ba3a, yxpaceHa c aMa3oHoMaxm (o6p. 16).1 Tyr nux-
{aMe 6recrqllla pH3HHrIa, H3KoBaHa u3rlffno or 6poH3, a HapeA c Heq H .4pyrl,r pt4gHt4tlv, c'bcra-
BeHH or MHoro qacril r4 yKpaceHu c pa3Hn anrrurar\t4w. llpu reea pr43HHqH rp'brHrlrrr Koru e
3axrr-rreH c florlc or rIJIacrfiHKa, rofiro 3aKpHBa rsJloro or rarvflTa Ao MrrxHrirlure, TogH nosc
qecro He AocrI4ta Ao rlpeAHara lracr, KcAero ce 3aclbllBar ABere rlora Ha paeuaqara a o6-
pa3yBaT rrnacTpoH. lopHara qacT sBHo e HanpaBeHa oT Ko)Ka I1I HMeHHo Bbpxy Herr ca npnKpe-
neHH pa3Ha ar,n:aKarJnr po3err.r, rJraBr{ Ha ,/r'bBoBe, o6paaa Ha roproHa r4 np. (o6p. 17). Bcavxu
-
Te3}1 oco6eHocTa Ha pr.r3Hr.lUHTe OT Ba3[Te OT V B. IIp. H. e., KaKTo H cBeAeHrzrrTa Ha Kceno-
Sonr He Morar ra He rrorBbp4sr npeAnoJrox{eHaero, qe s lorqil,rara MornJIa ca HaMepeHvl sacrvl
or no.Ito6Ha pH3HI{IIa. Ar,raraqrure c roproHr4oHa, ,'rbBcKr{Te rJraBH v [JracrHHKr{Te c Hr{Ke B
i-o.'IecHHUa (sas4paneuu cbc cMoJrr4cra varepun)2 ca yKpacqBana KoxeHara paMeHHa qaer Ha
pH3HEUaTa' a )KeJIe3HIlTe IIJIaCTHHKI4 yKpenqBanH rp'bAHLIq KOIII Ha CbilIaTa pV3HHI{a ptl3HH-
-
uara Ha Crzro4or, aKo ce c'bAn no HaAnr{ca B6pxy npbcreHa, HaMepeH B rpo6Hrrrlara.s

1 Pluhl. Ij. c., 187 ca.

2 AYranar'rfi, 105.
3 flo'[ anlurarll4r,rre npu HaMlpauero urrl 6lran sa6e,'rqeaHu qepHr4 rrerHa or pa3nolxeHa Marepus. 3*, Ay-
)<=..Ll',. I Ia.
36

KrM rosu THn pHgHI{Ilu tpe6za na ce rlpurrucnu r.t pxanrlrlara, qr{HTo p'b}K4fl.cant
qacru ca HaMepeHH B e,aHa or MorlrJrl,tre rpaft c. Bpaxuveno.l Axo ce cb,qr{ no HaAnncr{re,
Harpacrara Bbpxy c'bAqero, IlocraBeHo n rpo6uaqara, Ts Mo)Ke ,u,a e npuHaAnex(ana Ha rpa-
KHerla Tepec, xHBtur KbM l(pafl Ha IV e. np. n. e. Hauepennre qacrfi or pa3Hurla ce cbcroqr
oT x(eJIe3HL nJIOtrKH I,UIn nO-TOIIHO OT JIeHTIT, CKaqeHr,r e 4Ha KbM .4pyra B of T,BaeMa xeJIq3Ha nJrocKocT.
Harilepenlre qacrr,ca IrBaBHra -- eAHr4Te no-
eApH, or [o-.4e6enu H no-urrpoKv rrracrvrtKrl
(urapor<rz 2,5 crvr), yKpaceur. c )Kene3HU r(pr,r-
r.rera, a .4pyll4Te or no-r'bHKl a no-ape6uH
nJracrr{HKr,r (ruraporu oKoJro 1 cu). 3aeAto c
X(eJIe3HHTe qaCTLI e HaMepeHa H eAHa aIIJIH-
Kaws B'bB Br.rA Ha fl'bn3rlua 3naIaR. .[lauUrte,
KOHTO T4MAMC OT 3ANA3CHHTC ITACTH HA PH3-
Hr4rlara or MorI4JIara rcpail c. Bpauaveno,
c'bBrra4ar Ha['bJIHo c oco6enocrLITe Ha pug-
HHqaTa Ha BOAHa, CpaXaBaIII Ce C KeHTaBbp,
Hapr.rcyBaH Bbpxy e.4Ha Ba3a or 480 r. np.
H. e.2 14 Ta3a pH3HHqa e or rt7fla Ha pugHv4-
Ilara or lo.lqr,Iara MofI,rJIa nJIoqKLI c
-
KpbrqeTa SailIHrrIaBaT rpb,u,HHtl KoIr oT
KpbcTa Ao MHrlIHtluuTe, a Bbpxy KoxeHaTa
paMeHHa qacr oT ABeTe crpaH[ nbJI3I4 no
\\ eAHa 3Mr4s. flo-ape6HvIre u no-T'bnKljre )Ke-
\\ JIe3HI4 nJIaCTLIHKI4 Ha C'bUIaTa pI43HI4Ua'
KaKTo ce BI{xAa or rso6paxeuanra Ha
\\ BaSr4re -- HanpuMep Bbpxy Ba3ara c AxH.rt

l,\.J ;-T
I

'\ r flarporrn' ca yKperlBann BToPfil

noqc Ha pH3Hr]llara, roliro 3arlorlBa or. Ml4 trl-
HHULITe Halope a Ce 3aKpI4Ba OTqaCTI'I oT
paMeHHaTa cB'bp3Baua qacT.
O6p, 17. BrscraHonra Ha pr,rsrrr{rrara Ha Cruroaox or fo-
JIsMara Mornla npu Aynan.rrufi (xyaoxnnx A. Aprrapona) []o,qo6na Ha pI43HI4IIara na CxuroAox
or !,ynau.lttfi u na Tepec or Epanaueno e 6n.na
H px3Hnrlara Ha eAHH or Mbxere, norpe6aHn B eAHa or pa3KonaHaTe MolI4JILl rrpr4 c, flHxoao,4
Aallpala npe3 Bropara noJroBr4rra na IV s. np. H. e. Moxe 6z vt sary6eHara xeJIs3Ha pLI3HIIIIa
or 6oraroro norpe6ense or IV B. np. H. e. npu c. Po3oBo (Paxrraan.rrafi, fl.non4uncro),6 Aoron-
Koro Moxe 4a ce pas6epe or crapHTe cBeAeHr.ra, e 6uta or TIa[a Ea [ocJIeAHI{Te rpl{ pH3HHIIH.
or nper,re.4a, KoIiTo HalpaBltxMer Mo)I(e jl,a ce ycranoBl'l' qe n Tpaxnx npes nepfloAa
or V ,{o HairaJroro Ha III s. np. n. e.6 ca BacrbneHrl Tptl BtIAa pHgHHIIIl: rau6auoan4Hn [lpe3
V n.,? c noABH)r(Ha qKa-HatpbAHHK KbM Kparr Ha V e. u pH3HLIIIH, c:bcraBeH[ or Koxa fi x(e-
Jre3HH qacru npea IV H HallaJroro na III e. np. H. e. C ugr.[rcqeHue Ha pH3HIruHre c no.IIBI'ix{Ha
sKa-HanpbAHLtK pHsHuIJHTe, HaMepegn n Tpaxur, ca np;,1cblr1n Ha rpr,UKHl csqr. Ho n re' n3-
rJrex(Aa, ca 6unu rrosHarn Ha Hapo.[HTe or u3ToqHuq cpe,uHBeMHoMopcKH 6acefiu, uIoM Karo 3a
Tsx roBopr.t Kceno@onr H rr{oM Karo H s CHUIdrr.ls ce cpeqar aao6paxenufl Ha BoHHH c no,4o6Ha
sKa-Harp64HHK.
1l-ls. ApeMcHaoea. Ha4rpo6nnuorunnpuc.Epannueao. l4screasaxucB qecr Ha aKaa' !,uur'lrtp [euea,
CoQur, 1958, 447-449, o6p. 3 a 4-a.
2 Pf uhl. I-1. c., 129, I&403; R. Hamanfl. Geschichte der Kunst. Berlin, 1955' 569.
3 Pf uhl. U. c., 137, o6p.418.
a Ile. ,U,peMcrsona. Halrpo6ttu uoruru npn c. fuxono. 'AAVI' XIX' 1955' 75' o6p. 19.
5 LII r o p n Ir n. I-I.. c,, 125.
6 3a rogu nepflol w<. VIr,, Beneauxon. Kelrcroro sauecrBlre B Hauure 3eMI.t npe3 III n, np. u. e.
Un, XI, 1955, xx. 3, 80 ca.
? A,Hagemann, Grieehische Panzerung. Lelpzig,1919, 14.
 37

Pasrre,u,aHHfe pH3HHrIr.{ ca 6unu HecGMHeHo HOceHr oT tpaKH. Tosa ce ycraHoBqBa He

ca-\ro or o6ctoqrercrBoro, qe re npou3JlH3ar or Tpexpg, or MoTHJIH, HacLr[aHI,t B flaMer Ha rpa-
iiraircxa [,reMeIIHr,I Bo)KAoBe, a H or r,IueHara Ha HTIKoI{ or regn, B ql{aro norpe6enr.rr ca HaMe-
penr. HantJrHo ecrecrBeHo e regu rpaKu, rrpeAcraBr4TenH Ha rparnftcrara BoeHHo-3eMeAencKa
apxcrol(paqufl, la Hocsr pH3Hut1a, uzpa6oreun rroA BJIttrIHnero Ha tp'bIlKI,I MoAenH. Ttproacxnre,
HKoHoMHqecK[Te, fiorr{rnuecKr{Te r{ KynrypHr.rre Bpb3KLr MexAy Tparna u sefinxre cbceAn ca
yuoroKparno 3acBr.rAereJlcrByBann. BuAonere pila*ullr4 or Tpaxrn cborBercrByBar HatrbnHo Ha
KapraHara, Koqro Hr.r [peAcraBsr H creHorurcare or KagauJl'blrlKara rpo6nnqa.l 14 B ABaTa
cnyqas BHrrLaMe o6neKnara q BbopbxeHr.rero Ha eroxara I{ Ha HapoAHTe or qennq H3ToqeH
cpe,u,r.r3eMHoMopcKr.r 6acelin, BcnpeKn qe B naMerHLrIIHTe or Tparnr fionflKora ce sa6easgsar H3-
BecTHH apxar{3r4parqH l{epTn.
c onpeae.tnne Qoprvrara rxnoBere Ha pr.r3HHuxTe or Tparnn He caMo ce IIoIIbJIBar
r
lpa3HLrHHTe, KoHTo c'brrlecrByBar rro orHo[renge na o6aeraoro H Bbopbx(eHllero Ha rpaKl{Tet
HO Ce Ilr3flCHflBa IO LISBeCTHa cTeneH I't xapaKTep'bT Ha TsXHaTa MaTepl{anHa l(ynTypa.

t B. M u x o a. Anru,ruara rpo6unqa npa Kaeaqa'rx" Co$ur, 1954, m6a, III n ca.

 3IRTNOTO CbKPOBHIIIE OT XOTHHUA
H, AHFEJIOB

ga
c' PeceH ce I43'U',I4la He-
cenepoaerortHo or c. Xotsuqa, Tlpnoncro' BAflCHO OT IIIOCeToe BI4coKa 6 u c allaMerbp
Br.rcoxa ceJII'ItrIHa MorI'IJIa (o6p' 18)'
B Aneurnoro cI4c'bcroqHl'Ie rfl rs
e He[paBI4JIeH Kp'br C AHaMeT'bp 50 na' Aocera
rrpg ocHoBara ll0 rra. lopnala tl noelpxuOcT
B I'lcropuqecKara HayKa'
ne 6eure npoyqBaHa a ne 6eue I43BecrHa
flpea 1956 u 1957 r' Oxplxtwlnr Ha-
poAeH rraysefi s Tlpuono I43BlbpIUrl ryK
apxeono-

rr4rlecKlr pa3KonKlr c uen Aa ce npoyqu nocJIeA-

oflpeAenl{ crparl4lpaQurna Ha
r(ynrypBure
ce
rxl{-
HacroqBanl4a. Orxpraxa ce trrecr ollo)KapeHa
THIUA B UEHTPAJIHI'J'I CCKTOP HA
MOf I'I'IIATA'
MHoro npeAMern' cB'bp3anh
B rqx ce HaMepllxa
c 6t'tra H rIoMI'IH'bKa Ha HaceJIeHHero : lJlIzHeHI4

c'bAoBe, TexecTI'I 3a T'bKar{eH

cTaH' KynToBI4

npeAMerI4, rIoBeulKa I4 xI4BorI'IHCXZ Qnrypxu'

pa3rarrHr4 opt,Ang I{a rpyAa or KaM'bK'
KpeM'bK

O6p. 18. (J6u Lr3ueAHa cernrlHara N4orurla I,I KocTr HfKoJJKo op'l'Al.fl oT MeAt yKpa[IeHI{' oT
npu XorHnqa rJII4Ha' Kocr H MpaMop I{ npeAMer}r or 3Jlaro'
npe3 KaMeHHo-MeAHaTa eloxa' flocaeA-
vcrasoeu ce, qe ceIHUIero e 6a.lo o6HtasaHO
o'25 M or c'bBpeMeHHara floBbpxHocr'
HHflr xLIJII{ueH XOpn3oHT ce HaMIzpa Ha Al'n6oquua xyMycHl'lre O6paaynanufl HaA KaMeHHO-
Ha MOTLIJIaTa
flopaAra [pO.U,6n)I(lrTeIHorO o6pa6OrnaUe
no CKJIOHOBeTe Ha Moll4raTa'
MeAHHg KyJITypeH rIJIacr ca pa3HeceHl'l
oco6errI4HTepecnpeAcTaBngBapasKpl,tTaTanpe3lgSTr'crpaAaNs4IaHaMepeHI,ITeB xopl'I3ogTt roftro
HC)fl 3Jrargr4 r,r rJI,rHeHr4 npeAMerg.
crpa4ara ce orKpl4 B IrocJIeAHI4q xgflHureH Ma3I{JIKa'
rJII4HeHa
Ce HaMepI4Xa KynI4lUa OT rloptlJla
e r43rlrrJro O[O)KapeH. fIO4, XyruyCuua C'nOft HapeAeHI'l B
Kynnulara Ca. 6'nusxo eAuO AO Apylo'
npo?r3xox(Aaua or onox(apeHa I(I'IJII4UIa' Ha
CrpaAa Ng4 ce HaMupa B cpeAaTa
- I{3TOqHaTa
rror{rr4 [paBvI IIvIHran c nocoKa z3TOK-3aIIaA' KOJIOBe ce OqepTaBa flCHo
(ra6.rr. I)' I1O AyIIKHTe Ha HeftHl4re H3rOpeJrIl
Ha ceJII4uleTO M' I'I3-
pa3Mepl'l: ceBepHa CrpaHa - 4'80
rroJroBr4Ha
qeTr4pr{.bt.bJrHaTa I{ $optra. Crpa4,ara I4Ma cJIeAHI4Te ce HaM[pa Ha
5 lt' BxoAlr', IUt'lpoK 1',30 na'
roqHa 4,80 u, rcxHa - 4,40 M I4 3aIIaAH a - I'l Il3Ma3aH
HaKJIOHeH Cna6O na CeBep' e
C
- rparvI6Oean
m)r(HaTa CTpaHa. ;IO.U,T,T Ha ClpaAaTa, tt noKplaBa' naA-
Ha ropeJII4Te Ma3I'IJIKI'I or creHI'ITe
T'r,H'L,K cJIofi IJII{HeHa'Ma3I'lJIKa' ,l,e6enznara 0'45 na' EAsa
;t;"p"*" o"' 0'60 u' a B lox(Hara - ceBepHoro e
HaJrr Ha IIoAa Ha crpaAara' Aocr'ra " or rqx
clpaAaTa Ha ABe noMeueHlrq'
creHa c flocoKa H3roK*-3anaA e pa3Aenflna
u xHnHilIe N9 3 Ce HaMlIpa MaJIKa nJIoIqaAKa.
Io-loJI'IMo. flpu nxoAa Me)ICAy ,u," .,p,oa
flprcrraTyKecHJIHona6ttrara6egHaxOAKLl'PaepyurennnTaHaTa3l'IcrpaAa'IIaAHaJIIlTea3- noxap'bT' 'Il'onlnnn-
[OJIOXeHI4e' B Koero rH e ocraBl'In
topenfi cTeHr.r u [oKpI,lB 6qxa s oHoBa
TeJIHHpaspaBgHn'lcJIeAnoxapaIrjII4IIo-KGcHoCueJIAaceT'bpc'ITI,ISocTaBeHI.I[peAMeTI,lH
 39

o
_Ls
s If6 lr's
^0 6.q
oo2*i:"*
n

NETEHflA
,(untae
n pw|a MenHuua /xPovet/
o lcHoga Ha neul
Pa3PgaeHo 0rHrqe
rpaHn4a Ha pasK0naH geacfbx
; ordeanu rautuu

Ta6a. I. fllas sa pa3Kplrrl-rre )I(I'Irllrrra npea 1956 u 1957 r'

ceqr.rBa He ce yCTaHOBHXa. JlunCsar CJIeAI'I H OT I43paBHffBaHe Ha repeHa 3a cTpoex( Ha HoBa

crpaAa Bbpxy r{3ropsnara. flpn pasur.rcrBaHe Ha ctpa4ara He ce orl(p[xa ocraHKLI
or [eul' or-
HrlUIe, xpoMeJI, HIrtTo IOJInM 6pOft r.nnHenz CbAOBe KaKTO B OCTaHaJIVTe
)I(tlnI4[Ia Ha ToBa Ce-
anure. Ilo roprlara Ma3r.rJrKa Ha creHHTe ce 3a6enq3Baxa cna6v cJIeAI'l or 6os,u,ucnase c qep-
BeHa 6ofl. Bcuqro roBa rroKa3Ba, qe [ocrporlKara He e 62.[a nsnor3yBaHa
3a X(I{IHIIIHLI HyxAI4
ue HenpaBI4JIHO Aa tl Hapl4qaMe )I(I{JIxIqe.
flpeAuerure u oT TaSx CfpaAa, BKJrrorrr{Te./rHo u 3JIaTHOTO CtKpoBllue, 6sxa HaMepeHIl B
ceBepHoro noMelrleHr4e. 3larnoro c'bKpoBt4 ule nexeue HenocpeAcrBeHo I(pali BbrpelxHara
crpaHa

Ha ceBepHaTa CTeHa, rAeTO CTeHaTa IIpaBIr MaJIKa

qyflKa HaBbH' fIpeAMeTI4Te or sIIarO Ce HaMe-

pnxa Ha [pocTpaHcTBO Or OKOJIO I re. M IIO noAa Ha clpaAaTa u B ropeJII',ITe pa3pylxeHl{ Ma-'
Ha KyIl, KaKbBro e cryqatlr
3r,rJrKn Ha BHcoqI,lHa AO 0,30 M or no.[a (o6p' 19)' Te 6sxa crpynaHl',r
c lS xaaxnqKg or Hafi-MarKnff pa3Mep, [oeAnHHqHo HJII4 cKaqeHI{ rlo ABe k qerl'IpH xalrKvl 3ae.u'Ho'
 40

Blpxy Hql(oLl or npe,ll,Merl{Te HMaixe flo.lteflHara ropa,ri MagllrKa tr BapoBr.rKonz o6pasynanun.

Bce s ceBep'oro rloMelueH'e 6anao 4o ceBepHara crpaHa Ha pa3Aenr{TeJrHara creHa ce
u rpu qeIH LI 4na QparrraeHTupatr TJIHHeHI cr 1a. Ocnen ToBa s nafi-ropnnre c"rroeBe Haorr(pr4xa
pa3py-
u]eHHqra IIaK B ceBepHara qacr Ha crpaAara ce HaMepH I,r eAHa
[nocKa KocreHa qoBelrKa Qz-
rypKa' Bxo.4lr MexAy .qBere noMeureHufl e 6r.n B rgroqHara qacr Ha paoAenvrenHara
creHa.
3laruoro cbKpoBzrqe ce crcron or 44
npeAMera 14 Tex(H o6rro 312 r. Xnn4rqecxflsr
aHann3 Ha SJIaTOTO, HSBbpIxeH B XuMItqecKaTa
aa6oparopar ua Hapo4uur apxeorornqecK14
ntysefi npu 6urap cKara aKa1eMrlf Ha HayKHTe,
AaAe cneAHnre pesyarara :1 3Jraro _ 92,300/0,
cpe6po 7,500/0, x(eJrrr3o MHOro MaJKO.
-
Me.4 H O,/IOBO cJIe.[H.
-
-
3ar.roqeuse: o6Hruoaeg c,bcraa Ha
3./IaToTo B per{HHTe flsc.bllr.r.
Ilo @opnaa, rpeAHa3Haqenne u rzspa6or_
o6p. le. 3rarsnre
'peavreru
rru orKp,BaHero l1\,r ff.;ffil':; ;::^r"rr:;;"Jt";:H'ff;;
ce orHacflr qerupr4 3./rarHu nJlacrr{HKr.r c
fla qoBe[rKo KoHTo ule HapeqeM uhonu' Bropara Qopua
"lHIIe'
pa3naqeH /4UaMer6p ra pa3nnr{Ha Ae6e,ruua
rpyna cbAbp".a 40 eJarHr,r xarrKu c
Ha 3.rrarHH' Te,,r, or xolito ca [paBeHr4,
rJer apH 3JI arHH nAona (o6p.
20). Hanpaee'a ca or r..bHKH KoHBeKcHr4 3,rrarHr4 rrJra-
crttHKH c no eAHa lorflMa KpT'l'Ia ,4ynl(a B CpeAara
r.r ABe MaJrKt.r B xopr43OHTaJrHa ,rrkIHhA, no-
craBeHr4 Ha.q, roJlflMara Aytrxa. Ho r.r ocsra r{Ma
[o Hetrlo) Koero ,{ orJlr4qaBa ol Ap_yrnre.
3'narHa Kp:brra KoHBeKCH a l JJacr14 Hxa (o6p. 20,3).BropHHr{rcpalisaa,t,prrrBa
r.iSAaAeHa HaB.bH rr,TacTHHKa, troA KOrrTo ce c
HaMapaT ABe Ma.rrKH AyilqnrlI4 B xopu3oHTa tTHa
rrLluurr.
Te zrraar AlraMer'bp 1,5 vrrvr 14 ca pa3Aa,{erreHa eIHa
or Apyr,a ua 4 ur,r. Malr<o ro_l.ope or cpe_
Aara Ha l(p'bla clzMerpl'IqHo lro,4 lopHHTe ,4Be rynqHrlr4
ce HaMr4pa
8 rrau' Pl6oBere u Ha lpare ,4yrII(14 ca 4o6pe ,r.nr4an". Brn.unuruKp.frr,rya /{yrrKa c Ar4aMe,r.bp,
r43rr.bKHa,ra crpaHa Lra ilJra-
crnHKara e fnaAKa H !43lr'l'cKaia, a B'brpeluHara
MaroBa: BrcoqrlHa 3,05 cru, rtupttaa 2,g cM
4e6eluua 0,5 ulr. Texa 4 r.
3,rarua Kp'lrJIa KoHBeKcHa trJra-
c rr.r H Ka (o6p. 20, 2). B ropuur xpail nvra.rpu nyn_
rrrrlr.t B xopr43oHTa.nHa iluHnfl.
f{aer.e l.r rrpafiHrr Iylr_
ttwrla ca cric lJarJra.qeHr.i p.n6one. Cpe,rluara.qyrr_
qlrla e npo6zeaaa ol'ts.bH HaB.brpe z pr,tionere
u ue
ca 3atraAeHLr. flo Bcqr{a BeporrrHocr e lpo6Hoaua
AolbJrHfiTe"rruo. /[r.lalrer.lp.r,T t4 Ha rpzre /(yilr{urlg He
HaAMuHaBa 1,5 nrlr. C)r lBere xpafiua
Ayr1Ltr4rlr,1 sa_
rtoqBal' BcTpaHr4 a r(oco uallo,'ty ABe RAn.b6HaTu
JIUHUU, KOr.rTO AOCTHI.aT AO BTTHIIiHI4TI p.r,6 ua IlIacTIrH-
xara, B cpeAara caMerpur{Ho noA MaJIKr.,tre
Ayrtqzqfi
HMa Kpr,lJta IyIIKa c I[aMeT.bp 9 upr, Btsuruara
H3rI'bKHa,'ra cTpaHa Ha rIIacTr,rHKaTa e
4o6pe 3atnaAe_
Ha H I43II.bCKaHa, a B:bTperIJHaTa MaTOBa:
Ar4aMeT"bp
2,5 cm, 4e6e"nrHa 0,5 uu. Texn 4 r.
1 Ana,qtgtr e HalrpatseH 01.
xl..tNll.rKa rrpn Apxeo,roruve_
cKHl t.lHcrhryr I vysefi rrpt Er,.rrr.apu<ara aKaaer\,Jr4H Ha HayKtlTe
Jparan tlas,qapos, Ha Kotoro r.13Klt3Ba\r lroaL,a 6,rar-o4apuocr. ()6p. 2(). rJ.errpure 3,tarHu r.uona
 41

3narHa I(p6rra KoHBeKcHarracrrrHxa (o6p.20, 1). Bropnar xpafi Hrr.ra 4ne

.lynqHuE B xopr{3oHTarla ilvHufl c Ar{aMerbp 1,5 MM, pa3,u,aneqeHr.r eAHa or Apyra na 4 r,lrvr.
\ B cpeaara Ha rlJlacraHrara u cnMerpaqHo noA ropHr4Te ABe Aylrlvtrr4 vMa Kp:brna AyrrKa c A:aa-
\ter-bp 1,1 cu. Pr6oeere I{ Ha rplrre AynKH
Sa ao6pe 3ar,/raAeHr.r. Mex4y ABere MaJrKLr ryilqnr\Ll
Hua cneAu or ABe pe3KH, BanpaBeHr.r c oclbp rrpeAMer. Bruuruara HanrKHarra crparra Ha nJla.
crHHKaTa e Ao6pe 3arJIaAeHa I,r r,r3Jt'bcKaHa, a B'bTpemHaTa e MaroBa: .u'HaMeTbp 2,9 cv, 4e6e-
,'rulua 0,6 rr,ru. Texa 4,5 r.
3narHa I(pbrJIa KoHBeKcHa rracrr.rHra (o6p. 20,4). B ropHza xparl nlacruu-
Kara e 3aocrpeHa. Leere xopH3oHraJrHH Ayflrlt4rlrr, Kor.jro ce HaMrlpar noA 3aocrpeaur rcpail, ca
pa3AareqeHz e.4Ha or Apyra Ha 6 nam. B cpe4ara Ha nJracrnHKara v cuMerpr4qHo noA ropH14Te
ABe AynrrlruH ce HaMr,rpa r(pT,f/ra Aynr(a c Ar.raMeT'bp 1,4 cri,l. P'l6onere Ha rpr4Te AyrrKr.{ ca 3a-
rJIaAeHI,r. Or Aeere MaJlKI4 Aynrrvltl4 3aloqBar BcrpaH?r n Koco HaAony .qBe sArt6Hatlr JIvtHnJ4,
KoHTo Aocrnrar ro BIHIIHHa pr6 Ha nJlacruHrara. BrHurHara h3rlbKna,'ra crpaHa Ha IIJracrr4H-
Kara e 4o6pe 3atJIaAeHa ,r I,t3JI'bcKaHa, a B"brpeurHara e MaroBa: A?taMeTbp 3r4 cM, Ae6e,tzua
0,5 ntu. Texz 6,5 r.
EAnarnara Ae6eraHa Ha r{erupr,lTe rIJIacrI4,HKh-ritAoJIr,r rloKagBa, qe re ca x3ps3aHg or
eAHa npeABapHTeJIHo I4BtryKaHa IIJIacrIzHKa. l-lo Bbrpe[rnara crpaHa ce ga6enqgBar cJreAr4 or
yLapv Ha uHcrpyMeHTa, c Kofiro ca H3qyKaHH nJIacrHHKt4Te, 3a Aa craHar KoHBeKcHr4. flo scgKa
BepotlrHocT e ynorpe6eH KaMeHeH I4JILI KocTeH qyK or eJIeHoB pof, KaKBHTO ce HaMI4paT B IdB-
o6utue B'bB BcsKa ceJIauIHa MorI,t/Ia or KaMeHHo-MeAHara enoxa. llpo6nnanero Ha Ma,lKarg Aytr-
qHrIil e cTaHaJIo c lut4rro oT KocT r.tJlrlr KpeMbr{Ho ocTpr4e, lonevrare cpeAHu AylKr.r ca 6snu ug-
pt3aHn ro BcqKa BeporrHocr c KpeM'bqeH nox. flo.nyueH[Te HepannH pt6oee Ha toJreMr4Te r,r
F. MaJIKaTe AyflKr.l Ca r43tJraAeBu c KaMeHHLI f JIanU/IKLt OT C?ITHH rlgcbqH?trla.
Ktu nropara tpyna 3JIarHr4 flpeAMerr.r rrpr4HaAnexar 40 6poa 3JrarHr4 xar]Ku. Cnope4
Ae6e,lauara Ha SJrarlun re,T, or KofiTo ca HanpaBeHr.r, Te ce pa34ensr Ha qeTapa flo-ManKr4 tpynfl.
3.larta xarKa, Crcceo6o4tt4Kpauula,3aBl4ra Ha cna4pana ABa HIIoJIoBrlHa 11br?r
(o6p. 2l)" fleara Kpafl ca HBrbHeHu 14 3aocrpeHr.r. HqMa rrpaBv./reH Kp.bt. flo ro-

I
O6p. 21. 3.rrarsa .ra.qra \)6p. 22. IelnaAecel MaJlKu 3narHtr .\aJlKh

B'l,pxHocTTa l.i HMa IIyKHaTHHa, IloIyqeHa np?I a3KoBaBaHeTo" Henpanz.nnaflT r(p'bt' Ha Tag?r xaJKa
H Ha Bcl4qKa ocraHaJla xailKu ce A'b,IIxu no BcflKa BepoqTHocT Ha 3aTpyIIBaHeTo r.rM oT IIaAHa-
nfire B'bpxy rqx pa3pytxeHLl crHt4 r,r [or(pr4B n Ha pa3BuTara ronrrMa TeMnepaTypa [pe3 BpeMe Ha
noxapa. Tagu xa.nra nnta Hafi-ro,lqM nnaMerbp 4,5 cnr. !,e6e,nr.rnara Ha rera e 3,5 uu. Texu 44 r.
Hati'ntalrHre no pa3Meplz u Ha[paBeHrz- or uafi-ttu'lx 3JIareH TeJI xaJlxl.rqxu ca 15 6por
(o6p.22). le6e.rrznata Ha 3{IarHI4u re.l e 1,5 uu. Kpaaurara Ea xaJrxr4rrKare ca cno6oAua s ce
3acT.hilBar cpe/IHo c 1 cnt. Bcnqrcs xarKl4qKfl HMar HenpaBr4nHa Kp'brna @oprvra c6c cpe,qeH Arra-
MeTbp 2,5 cM, Texnuara Ha or4e,lHrlTe xaJrKr4qxu He e eAHaKBa, rtfi raro A:oIDr{HHara Ea 3naT-
6 Apt"oro.n*, xr. 1-2, 1959
 42

Hv!fl TeII, or KofiTo re ca HarIpaBeH[, e pa3nl4qHa. EAna xarrnrrKa Te)r(H

cpeAgo 2 r. Xa.uruqKr4Te
6nxa uauepenr4 Ha xyn. Or rsx qerxpa 6poa ca cxaqeHlr ABe tro
ABe.
CeAena 6poa s.uaruu xaJIKIl ztrlar 4e6e.nr4Ha Ha sJrarlr4fl. ret 2 nana (o6p.
2B). Kpazulara
nM ca cno6oguv, cna6o SaocrpeHl4 14 ce 3acrbnnar c 1,5 Ao 3 cu. Avar HerrpaBr4nHa
Kpbrna
Qopnaa. Cpe4Hzar Al-laMerbp Ha Kp:bra e 3,8 clr. Texsnara Ha orAeJrHr.rre xaJrKr.r He e eAHaKBa,
rrfi xaro ca [paBeHIl or reJI c pagnhqHa AGJr)Kr]Ha. E4na xa.nrca cpeAHo texu 7 r. r{erapr or
Tflx ca cKaqeHH ABe no ABe.
flocteAnara rpyna ce c:bcroa or lT xarrln @6p. 2!. Te Huar Ae6elnsa Ha 3rrarrufl
ren 2,3 rurr,r. Kpazulara uM ca cna6o 3aocrpeurj a ce 3acrr,[Bar c 1,5 4o 3,5 cv. I,{uar Helpa-

O6p. 23. Ceaeur s,ralsa xa,rru O6p, 24. Ceaeusa.qecer 3,TarHh xa,rKr.r

BI'rrHa Kpbr.ra Qopnaa.'Cpe4uzrr Al4aMerbp Ha Kpbra e 3,7 cu. flo rer.ro re ca pa3nuuuu, r.rit
Karo ca HanpaBeHH or reJI c HeeAHaKBa 4e6e.nzua. uerzpa 6poa or rrrx ca cKarleHa BbB
Bepyra.
E4Ha xa.nxa rerrta cpeAHo 10 r.
Kaxro ce BI'lr{Aa or onHcaHrero, xaJrKHTe ca zspa6oreH?r or Ten c pa3nu.raa
,ue6e-
rnna. Ocnen roBa flplr Hapr3BaHero Ha 3lrarlt4fl TeJr e ,4onycnara pa3nr.rqHa
AbJrxI{Ha
Ha orAeJrHr4re napvera. Ha roBa ce xbJl)Ku rz HeeAHaKB ara uM rexec?. Brpx,ru
rroBbpxHocrra
I{M ce ga6enqesar c JIeAa or I't3r{yKBane. Hati-ro.n rMara xanKa r{Ma HaAJIbxHa
nyKgaruHa Ha no-
BbpxHocTTa' [oIyqeHa npn KoBaHeTo Ha 3rIaTHI'If TeJL Xanxure Ca C lrBJI'bCKaHa
noB'bpx'ocT.
Karro xaJlKare, TaKa Lr rIJIacri4HKHTe-r4Aonh ca HarlpaBeHv or KroJlqera caMopoAHo 3Jraro, Koero
e 6uno I4BKoBaHo Ha r:bHKLr ,rlacroBe vlrh Ha ren c pagnrr.rHa Ae6er[aa.
lnzueHv rpeAMerz.3ae4uo c:bc 3JrarHoro cbr(poBzlrle B crpaAa Ne4 6s,xa or-
Kpnrn 14 IIer lJIt4HeHu c'bAa, or KoHTo rpz Harrb/rHo 3arIa3eHI4. Ocneu rona ryx 6e HaMepeHa
H
eAHa rrJrocKa Kocrena qoBemKa Qzrypxa.
llzueHa IIaH14ua. C ua4e6e.leuucta6o 3aBHT HaBbrpepr6Ha ycrrdero, cera
BG3craHoBeHa (o6p. 25). f.naAxo loJIHpaHa cnernoxaQaea noB:bpxHocr. B,rrpeurrocrra
Ha ca'Aa u p'a6:.l^ Ha ycrl4ero ca noKpt4TI4 c reoMerprlqHr4 rpaQar:uz opHaMeHTr4. Ma.nxa .ract
or cbAa 6e ueroAHa 3a Bb3craHoBflBaHe noparr4 caJrHo fi3rapsHe z 4e$opnaupaue. flpn yxpa-
caTa Ha To.iH c'bA Ca BJIO)KeHH TBl,pAe rorqMo I4:lKycTBo, ToqHocT a ctpa3MepHocT: BlzcorrrrHa
77 cv, Al4aMerbp Ha ycrl4ero 55,5 cna ?I Al4aNlerbp Ha AtHoro lO,5 crra. B:r,nperH roneM1Te pag-
Meph Ha cbAa creHr4Te My ca cpaBHareJ'rHo r.bHxrz _ 0,2 cu.
flo.to6ua rJrr.rHeHa rraHrzrla. Pt6tr Ha ycrnero e caMo naAe6etes, flontpxHocrra
e rnaAKo rlo,[upaHa. Ilear caet,roraQre, Ha Mecra orryruen. Btrperunocrra Ha c:b4a n pt6tr
Ha ycrl4ero ca 6unu rloKparl'l c rpaQurHa opuaMeHTfi, Kor4ro ca rB.bpAe MHoro qoBpeAeHr4
or
noxapa' flopa4l crlJIHo I'r3rapsHe v 4eQopuzpaHe qacr or cbAa e npeBbpHara e auopQna
Maca: Blitcoqzua l5 cM, AHaMerbp Ha ycrllero 44,5 cM lr AnaMe.r.bp Ha AcHoro lO crr,r. Cre-
Enre Ha c:t.Aa ca 4e6eln 0,i cna.
 43

irsses cbA. .[,o.try r<oxyconr,r-

.f.eu, c H3r,yr rtp6yx H 'c BxcoKa IlLl'
.rHH.[pHcHa urnftxa (o6p. 26). l.nalxo
rro.rr4paHa cser.rloxaQrBa noBbpxHocr. Cpe4-
Hara H fiuitsara qacr Ha cbAa ca lroKpI'ITH
c rpaQnrnn opHaMeHTH: Bt4coqnHa 20 cM,
Ar.{aMerbp Ha cpeAHara qacr 19,3 cu, 4ua-
Melbp Ha ycrnero 8 cnr, AuanaeTbp Ha AbHoro
5,5 0,5 crra'
crtr l.r Ae6e.nHHa Ha creflHTe
,Ilue nJIHHeHx c:b,u,qera. Vlttar
.ueofiHoxottycoBIzAHa Qopnaa c:L,c cna6o
H3BHr HaBbH pb6 Ha ycrnero. Maara
qacr or pr6a Ha ycrlrero JIHTIcBa v npvr
.r,Bere. Pasrvrepure ItM ca eAHaKBIj. Pasau-
qaBaT ce caMo B AuaMeTbpa Ha cpeAHvfl
pr,,6: nncounua 5,3 cM, ALIaMerbp Ha cpeA-
uur pr6 11,4 u 10 cu, ,qr{aMerbp Ha ycrl4e-
ro 7 cnl, Ar{aMelbp Ha AtHoro 3,5 cu.
flp" uepa6oreaHero Ha rJII4HeHIare
c'bAOBe e V3IIOJI3yBaHA tJIvHa, B KOSTO IrMa
[puMec or Ape6urz BapoBI4KoBI4 6yuxa. flo-
cneAHllre rrpu flo)Kapa ca pa3nyl(anH noBbpx-
HOCTTa Ha CbAOAeTe H OTqaCTI'I Ca TIOBpeAI',I-
,IIH OPHAMCHTHTC.
Orae.rno or ne6poennre .u,oryK npeA-
Merr.r crolr IIJIocKara KocreHa voaeura Sn-
rypKa. .IlecHrzsr ir xpar e orqyreH or O6p. 25. frruena naflllqa c rpaSnrua yrpaca
pe6poro HaAony. llonrpxuocrra e 3arJIaAeHa.
B o6lacrta Ha yrrrl{Te I4Ma rlo ABe rpanqHHKI'I.
BagsaraylrlHaqacrropHararpanqHHKaenpo6ura'oquteca[pe/I'aAeH?lcABerpalqHHKI'I'a
ycrara c xopr.r3oHraJlHa pfl3Ka. floroeugr rpHbrhJIHLIK e Bpasan. Crtna.nHaraqacrHa KpaKa e
-
H3ps3aHa. Btpxy 3aAHara r{acr Ha Qarypxara B nolcHara o6.nacr vrua xopu3oHranHa
ao6pe
Bprr3aHa ru:F.ytfl, or KoffTo garroqBa Apyra orBecHa HaAony: nucourHa 5,8 cM, IULtpI'IHa 2 at u

O 2. 4 6 8cl.\'t

O6p. 26. fpaQnrua yKpaca Btpxy rnHHeH ct,,[

44

Ae6eruHa 0,4 cru. CtulecraynaHero caMo Ha e,qHa AynKa B nffBaTa ylrHa r{acr noKagBa, qe ragg
Srrypra e 6uta HoceHa Ha HaHHs.
B.[EsxH napaJrenu Ha orKpr,rroro B c. Xornuqa 3JrarHo crbr(poB,rue or ,qocerarxHr4Te pa3-
KotIKH I,I npoyqBaHvfl, Ha ceruua or KaMeHHo-MeAHara enoxa He ca H3BecrHI4. B rarona KOJIH-
qecrBo n c raKaBa rfoprvra He ca orKphrBaHh zrarlr,r npeAMern or ra3r4 erroxa. ZgnecrHz ca .i
ca o6napo4BaHlt caMo eAHHVqHa HaxoAK?r Ha 3JIarHr,i lpeAMerr.t or Et.trapHR, Pyutaua a hpuux. !
I
Or c. fa6apeeo,l Crapo3atopcKo, npoll3xo)r(Aar ,qBe MaJrK H JrucroBuAHLt rr.rracrnHKr.r, or- I

KpI'lTI,t I]O BCt{Ka BepOqTHOCT rIpH pa3pylrjaBaHero Ha ceJrLIUIHaTa MOtaJIa B cefloro.

flpes nperr,re Ha apxeoJloraqecKllTe pa3KonKr{ Ha ceJrr4urHara MorHJra 4o Pyce 6e HaMe-
peHa eAHa 3JIarHa xa.nxa.! O6craHoexal'a, trptl Konro rrr e orKprzra, e cbilIara KaKro n XornuUa
B ono)KapeHo )I(HJII4lqe. Ho rag, xaJIKa ce pa3nhqaBa c'btqecrBeHo or 3,tarHrlrre xaJIKr4 Ha ca-
I(poBLIxIero or Xornaqa. Hanpaneua e or r:buKa BJrarHa rrJracraHKa c.bc 3aBZTrz HaBbrpe pt6oae
H IIpeAcraBJIttBa HaIIbJIHo 3arBopeH rprr. Tpa6Ba ra ce or6e.nexz o6ave, se H rs e r{3KoBaHa
oT caMopo,4Ho 3JraTo.
EAHa srafHa xaltKa u xopy6ecra 3ilarla [Jracrr4Hxa ca HaMepeHa e Pyutuaa.s Ts e c
I{ernpu'brbrHo ceqenue r,r c'bc cno6o4nu Kpaar{a, Kor4ro ce cpeular. B rosr cHBAAra3n 3JrarHa
xaJIKa 3HaqLITeJIHo ce pa3JIHqaBa no @opnaa la yKpaca or xorHrrruKr4Te rr./racra6Kr.r.
Herupure BIIaTHLI [JIacrI4HKIz, KoHTo ollrcaxMe no-rope r,r HapeKoxMe HAo.rIH, I{Mar HgKoH
o6ura 6e.nesfl c IIo3Har[Te rJII{HeHH qoBeuKrl Qurypra, HaMHpaHrl B ceJruurara or KaMeHHo-MeA-
Hara e[oxa. Te nuar Kpbraa EJII4 tloirrrr KpbrJra Qopua n ca r<opy6ecrn. B ropuua cn xpair
HMaT rlo ABe AylqHIIl{ B xopl'r3oHTaJlHa ru:HLlr. Cauo npr eAHa oT nJracTHHKtrTe Te3r.r AylrrgUfi ca
rpn. Pas.lu,tHoro It3rJlaxAaHe Ha pt6oaere Ha Ay[rrr4rlr4Te noKa3Ba, qe cpeAgara AyrrKa e Ha-
npaBeHa AonbnHl{Tenno. fl,nactuHKl4re HMar u no eAHa rro-roJrrrMa Kpbrna Ay[Ka B cpeAara,
IlocraBeHa caMerpl{qHo noA ABere MaIIKLI Aynvrqu. I-lo ro3lz rrpHMHTI,rBeH HatrrlrH ca Bafar'arr4
H [oAqepraHH HqKou ocHoBHH eJIeMeHrLr Ha qoBerrrKoTo nHUe: HgnbKHaJrocT, oqH n ycTa. I-lpe4a-
BaHeTO Ha ycTara c Kp:brna .qynKa, a He c xopr,r3oHranHa pq3Ka, KaKTO e rrpH nnocKr{Te KocTeHu
uAoIILl, Ce Cpeua rB'bpAe qecro flpu xeHcKr{re rJrr4HeHu r{oBeruKr4 @urypxn-t4onu. TaKusa tJrHHeHr.r
qoBeIIIKH rlzrypra ro3laBaMe or c. Hencrn (Cy.rlrau), Ko.laponrpa4cxo, pycea y
Ap.
Taen nputtuxa e oco6eHo loAr{epraHa B lJrr.rHeHHTe r4AoJru or Pyce, lrpll Kor.rro or{r4re H ycrara
ca npe,4a.ueHn rro cbrrlr.tfl Haqr4H KaKro flpn 3JrarHr.rre uloru or XorHvtua.
C @oprua, noAo6sa Ha 3JrarHr4Te nlonLr or Xorurrla, e rz 3JrarHggr lpeAMer or pyce,6
H rofi e c KoHBeKcHa Qoprraa, Kp'srtn u uMa ABe Aynrluqr4 B xopl3oHraJrHa JrilHrfl B toprll4fl
xpali. flprz Hero JrurrcBa cpeAHara Aynr(a.
B Pyce,6 Xornuqa? r'r 4pyra4e8 ca orrpr4Baua rro4o6nz KoHBeKcHr.r flpeAMe,r.r4, HalpaBeHr4
o1' rJl?lHa' Te clulo ca c no ABe AynqEIIId B xopr.r3oHTaJrHa ruflur. Hsrcorz or rrx nnar v yKpaca
no n3n'bKHa,'rara crpaHa. Tesn tJIr.rHeHr,r [peAMerI4, pa3tnexIaHr4 AOCera Karo MeAaJIboHqera r.rrn
BllcyJIKH, B c'blrlHocr vMar flo-Apyro [pe,(Ha3HaqeHl4 e. IioAo6uo Ha xorHr4trrKare 3JrarHa [jrZrcrr4HKr,r
u re ca [peAcraBnrrsa,nu nali-npnMr.rrltBHo qoBer]rKo Jrr4rle fi ca aMailv KynroBo npeAna3naqeHr.re.
1 Herry6auxynaHn Marepfianlr n Apxeo"loruuecK[s uy3cfi e Co$ul.
z f. leoprnes fi H" AHrerros. Paaronru Ha ce,rkulHara N{orhila A0 Pyce gpea 1948-lg4g. l,lAI4,
XVIll, 1952, 167, o6p. 154.
3 Vl. Dimitrescu. Decouverts de Gumelnitza, Dacia, I, 341, o6p, 10,8; Vl, Dumitre scu.
Fouilles de Gumelnitza. Dacia, II, 99, o6p, 75.
B. Mur<oe.V7lionna'I'arnacrtKaflpe3HoBoKaMeHHaraeroxa. nAn,VI'JI, 1934, 192, o6p" 126rr lg5,o6p. l2g.
'5l-.
leoprffes a H. AHrortos. Pagxonru Ha ceJrhr.qHara Mora,[a Ao Pyee uper 1950-t953, I4Akl,
XXI, i957, 98, o6p. 58.
6 flar rau, 97, o6p. 57.
7 Heny6aaxynaun Marepriarn n OxplNuua HapoAeH lryaefi a 'l':,pnono.
s C.
H. 6 u 6 u r o e. Panse rpltnoiltrcKoe rrocejreHlre Jlyxa-Bpy6aeneqxas. MI4A, Ne 38, M,-:JL, Ig4B,
ra6r,7ls; H. Kosay, M. Akok. Briyiik Giiliieek arastirmalaririzerine" Belleten TTKB, 12, 1948, o6p. Ib,5n Z;
D. V. Rosetti. Sdpiturile de la Vielra. Bucuregti, 1934, ra6a. IlIa.
 45

Karro r.'rHHeflHTe MeAarboHqera BLtcyrKlr, TaKa r,r 3JrarHvre uAoIIn or Xotul,rua ca HoceHu Ha
u
HaHH3. flo rosa HalrzH ca u n.[ocKlrre KocreHH qoBelflKr.r @uryprr.r, Koero Jrzr]r.r or Ko-
Hocenrr
c:e-dara qoBeuKa Qurypxa, HaMepeHa 3aeAHo cbc 3JrarHoro ctKpoBHIIre or Xorxrua.
-],ocera 3JIarHr.r Hronv ca r{3BecrHrz caMo or Er.nrapar. Eruuuffi e HaMepeH n Pyce, a
-r.F\':aqr B c. Kourapaqa (Kanr,rr4epe), 6ypracxo.
-
3aarHrqr aAoJr or Pycel e B My3err Ha 6yr<ypeur. Toli e 6ul HauepeH oKoJIo 1928 r.
nlu ri3KorraBaHero Ha flMa ga neAHvrla. flvara c'b,urecrByBa u cera 25 M K)x(Ho or ceJII4IrIHara
\!orn.'ra 4o Pyce. Cnope4 pa3Ka3a ua 6uefizs co6creeHzr Ha ra3n JreAHarIa flpl4 Ia3KoItHHTe pa'
6,trn ca HaMepeHI4 14 qoBeIIKH KOCTr4, KaKTO l.r qaCTH OT fJrr4HeHH c'bAoBe. Ha clutoro MflcTo
IoxHO OT MOfzJIaTa HMa TbHbK r(yJITypeH [JIacT oT KaMeHHO-MeAHaTa efloxa. 3larnr-rgr xAOn e
H3prr3aH or r6HKa nJracrzHKa. flo4po6nocrrare Ha rioBe[JKoro rsJlo ca flpeAaAeHa c Aynql4ul4t
TpaiIrlHHKH I,I pe3KH. CrNaHo t,t TexHuqecKa rofi no Hlrqo He ce pa3nuqaBa or n.nocKure KocreHI4 qo-
BeuKH AAIIIT': or Pycencxara ce,latuHa MorBJIa. Hrriaa 4onzpH14 ToqKr.r c'bc 3.rIarHHTe I{AoJIIrr or Xoruulla.
3raruuqr aAo.rr or Kourapzqa2 ce HaMr.rpa n ApxeoloruqecKufl llyseft n Co$ar'
H rosH r,r4oJr, KaKTo 14 pyceHCr(Hrrr, e HarrpaBeH no,4 BnE.rrH14e Ha nJIocKIlTe KocreHLI ttoBeuiKl,I u[oJrn.
Hauepeuure e Xorsz[a qerl4pa 3JIarHr,r u4oila ce pa3nraqaBar KaKTo tto crI,IJl, TaKa H no
Har{aH Ha rapa60rxa or cloMeHarr.rre no-rope ABa 3JrarHr4 r4AoJra or Pyce n KaullAepe. Tpe-
THpaHeTO Ha qOBeIIIKOTO nllqe e MHOrO IpLIMI,ITLIBHO.
Hafi-6:l.usxu aHaJrorur Ha 3JrarHr,rre r4,(oJrr4 or XoruHua KaKTo rlo $opMa, TaKa u no M3-
nGJIHeHrae ca .u,Bere 3JrarHr.l n,lacrtrHKt4, orKpr4Tlr l1pr4 apxeororvqecKl4 pa3KOnK]I B'bB BUApa
(Pyurnua).3 Te ca HapeqeHV Bucy,trKu x cnopeA Hac HenpaBuJIHo ce cMnrar 3a BHeceHa or
Apyra.{e. Z Asere HMar napaJreJlH B HaMepeHr4re n XoruHqa n4onv. EAuata BI4cyJIKa e noAo6Ha
Ha nbpBara orincaHa Hatrla nJacrzura. Pas,lar{aBa ce caMo no roBa, qe ropHara i,I qacr e ro-
B[coKa 14 [o-TrrcHa ?r .qBere xopr4BOHTa.lHr4 Ay[qt4rIH ca tpo6nru B'bpxy Heq, a He B Kp'bfJlara
qacr, KaKTo e [pLt xorHulr]Kufl zao.l. Bropara B?rcyJrKa or Bu4pa lro HxIIIo He ce pa3nnqaBa or
Tperara onucaHa Ha[Ia 3JIarHa rr.nacrzHKa. lllancata Ha xr4Mr4r{ecKn aHaIIuS Ha 3[aroro, or Koero
ca HarrpaBeHr Bt4cynKrlTe or Pynatul4q, KaKTo a Ha no.apo6no onucaHne He HH [o3BoJIxBa ra Ha-
npaBIrM no-saA'r,.[6oqeno cpaBueHrze fi rl3Bonz no orHorueHue Ha Bnaroro u Hasr4ra ua zepa6orxa.
3.narHzre vronu or Xoruaqa vwar napareJrr,r H B Tecanns.4 B rcrogana,4Hara r{acr Ha aKpo-
rroJla B Cecx,ro e HaMepeHa 3narHa BI.tcyJ?Ka B cpeAa, orHacrrua ce KbM enoxara Ha pacyRaHara
KepaMnxa. Bacy,rxara r{Ma Kpr,rJIa @opvra a Aynqa[u 3a oKaqBane. 3a cr'xa.nesae floBeqe [oA-
po6Hocru sa HerI He HaMepuxMe B qr4TnpaHara Jrr.rreparypa. Cr.uro raKa JII4[cBa pucyHxa nJIH
Qorocnrrara, Ba Aa ce HarrpaBr4 no-rrbJrHo cpaBneHue.
Kaxro 3Jrarurare vr,ona or Ernrapza (XorHraua H Pyce), TaKa A 3JIarHI4re ,BHcyJKI4"
or Pyurnur, n ltpt\ux ca orKpr{rr4 B KyJrrypHrr c.rroeBe c pncyBaHa KepaMI4Ka wILl c Apyrx Mare-
pnawt or cblqara enoxa. Tosa o6croqreJlcrBo ct rrlo raxa AonpuHacg rBT,p.u,e Muoto 3a npaBl4nHoro
IaTHpaHe I,I OTHaCrrHe Ha Te3A 3rraTHlt [peAMeTr,r KT,M [peAMeT]4Te, CB'bp3aHL C pa3BI4TI,IeTO Ha
KynroBere npe3 KaMeHHo-Me.u,Hara enoxa. Vlaontara nJlacrxKa or rJtrrHa, Kocr, MpaMop tt 3Jlaro
ce pa3BI,rBa nafi-unoto s EarraHo-.Il,yuancrara o6lacr, rAero pr..rcyBaHara KepaMI4Ka npe3 Ta3H
eloxa llocrnra .u,o Haft-ro.lql4o pa3Brrrne.
Or loryK craBa gcHo, ite uafi-6nnsrcu anaJlorara Ha 3dlarHoro ct,KpoBl4ue or
xasaHoro
Xorguua ca 3JrarHnre nBlrcyrKr" or Pynrnux. n,o.rrnnara na .I[o,rtttuq n)tHa" [pe3 KaMeHHo-
MeAHara erroxa npeAcraBnqna o6,ryacr c eAHa rz cr,ula MareplraJrHa KyJrrypa. flpoaaxoAtr na
3raroro, or Koero ca flpaBenu 3JIarHHTe npeAMerl4 or ra3r{ o6,nacr, 3acera ocraBa HeI43BecreH.
Haxo,ullua Ha caMoporno 3Jraro uua a Pyurura (Kapnarnre) n B 3ana,u,Hare qacrr4 Ha Et.nrapun.
Xnnnqecrnqr a*alrug Ha xorHnrrrKoro 3JrarHo c'bKpoBnrqe rroKa3Ba, ve rpa6na ra rbpcllM 3nar-
1D. V. Rosetti. Steinkupferzeitliche Plastik aus einem Wohnhiigel bei Bukarest. IPEK, 12, 1938, 44.
2 Muroa. Il. c.,209, o6p. 141.
3 D. V. Rosetti. Sipiturile delaVidra. Bucuregti, 1934,23, o6p.37;29, ra6r. III,3.
4 A. Wace and M. Thompson. Prehistoric Thessaly. Cambridge, 1912,74,
 46

HHre HaxoAHlua B cblrlara o6.nacr AonLIHara ua fronuna flyxaa. flopa4r runca Ha xr.rMg-
- npeAMeTH
qecKH aHarH3 Ha ocraHa,llHTe 3,IIaTHI'I
oT Et.lrapra n Pynrr,nrr oqe He Moxe na ce
HanpaBn cpaBHlzrenHo flpoyt]BaHe IIo cbcraBa Ha SJlaroro. Cauo no4po6Hnar
x[Mr4r{ecKr4 aHaJrH3
Ha BCHIIKH 3IIarHu [peAMerI'I Or KaMeHHO-MeAHara efloxa, npor4SxoxAarrla or BalraHo-[ynan-
cxara o6lacr, Irle HH AaAe B'I'3MOXHocr Aa pagperunM Bbnpoca 3a npor.r3xoAa Ha caMopoAHoro
3Jlaro' or Koero ca HanpaBeHH npe,4Merure. Torana ue Moxe Ea ce roBopl4 H 3a Mqcroro,
rAero ca 6unu uzpa6orBaHlz. PasHoo6paezero Ha 3JrarHare rrpeAMera rlo
Sopna, Har{I,rH Ha v3-
pa6oreaue z ecrerl4l{ecKa BKyc He HH rrogBo,,rrrBa Aa npHeMeM 3acera o6q qeHrrp
Ha npoH3-
Bo.(crBo. Ocneu roBa rlo c'brrll4Te IIpaqfiHlJ He Mox(e
Aa ce npr4eMe, r]e BcHr{Kr.t npeAMern or
3'IIaro ca nspa6oroaun a eAHa otpaH14qeHa Io BpeMe erroxa. Ar<o cr,nocraBr-rM 3,]rarHVTe vtilontl
or XorHur{a u Bu!,pa c'bc 3J'tarHare v\otr+ or Pyce rz Kourapzqa, craBa BeAHara flcHo, qe re
Ce pa3'IIZqaBaT TB'bpAe r'lHoro IIO CTa,'I H TeXHHKa Ha H3['b,'IHeHhe, XO1Harur<are
ulorrr4 qMaT
aai-6nnsxz napa,rleJln Me)KAV HflKoa rr'uzueHa v1oJtr4 or 6unapag. Karo ce B3eMe noA BHZMaHfie
npHMarttBHara uM lt:pa6orra H Tsxlara trparHKa c tJrHHe Hr,rre r41oru, rprSea
Aa orHeceM 11o
BpeMe xorHHlul{nre HLjJTH z qq,'loro 3JIarHo cbxpoBlzllte or Xoruuqa npelH
[osBara Ha n,lloc-
KHT. KOCT.Ha U MDaMOpn"
"4'rr3 arpulara,
B ua,{a,roro or6e,rq:axj\40fta B r<oqro 6erxe HaMepeHo 3rarHoro c.r,KpoBaure,
Ce O'rJIALlaBa OT OCTaHartHTe I{A,'IIzUla B C.bttlt4H XL{.[t4tUeH XOpr.t3OHT flO
CBOTO MeCTO[OIOXeHHe
(uanrzpa ce noqrH B cpeAara Ha cer'Iaruero), ilo pa3Mepure z
Soplrara (nouru KBaAparHa
H TBT'pAe ualxa), IIo LrHBeHrapa, Bbrpel1IHOTo pa3npereJreHr4e r.] yxpaca. Maxap 1a MaJrKa,
Tfl e 6ula pa3AeneHa Ha rBe IloMeuleHr.rff. ocnen roBa Jllr[cara Ha ile[I, of Hr,IUre B
xpoMe'II lIoKa3Ba' rle crpaAara He e 6ana npeAna3uaqeHa 3a )Kr.t JIr4 urHa
Hy)I(.q14. Or 3Ha-
qeHl4e e cbxro raKa o6croqrercrBoro, qe
BcI4qKH npeAMeru or Heq ce orKpuxa BbB B.br-
pelxHoro floMelueHl'ie' B cruroro [oMetrleHze qpe3 H3MecrBaHe HaB6H
Ha rpn KoJra or ceBepnara
creHa ce e o6paeynata eAHa HI4IIIa, B Koaro 6axa orxparr4 3JrarHrire
npeAMerg. Oreru crpa-
Aara e 6vtta 6os'lncaHa c qepBeHa 6oa, uuuro c.ra6n cne4r.r cbrqo ce orKpaxa. flpn pasxonana-
Hero Ha pyceHcl(ara ceJIaIrIHa MOTI{JIa Ce HaMepHXa nrrKorKo Kbca or creHHa
uta3urKart yKpa-
ceHH c reoMerpl'IqHH opHaMeHTI'I, Iz3IIT,rHeHu c 6wta, itepBeHa r,r
r(a,Jrra 6oq. Tesz KbcoBe or
yKpaceHa creHHa Ma3[JIKa roraBa cBT,p3axMe cbc cbrqecrByBaHero
Ha KyJrroBa crpaAa B ceJrH-
xrero' ul B pyceHcl(ara ceJIHIIIHa MorHJIa cJreAure or KyJrroBa crpa.qa ce orKplxa
noirrrr B IreH-
rT,pa Ha cenHIUeTo. Tpr6na Ia ce HMa rrpeA Br.jA cbrrlo TaKa, qe qacT
oT lrgToqHt,tq ceKTop Ha
MorHJIara n uafi-ropnl'lre [JlacroBe e paspyrrreH or
AbJrro o6pa6ornane. B 4ericreare./rHocr H3-
roqHo or crpaAa JVe 4 e r4MaJro ctIrlo roJrKoBa >Kv!tru4r\a, KoJrKoro H 3a[aAHo. Or raeaHoro
AOTyI( CTaBa gCHO' lle Ta3Iz Crpa.4a Ce e OTJIaI{aBaJIa KaKTO nO CBOeTO MeCTOIIOJIO)KeHHe, TaKa H
IIo cBotlra Qopnaa x yKpaca or
ocraHaJlnre xaJrr{ura Ha ceJrl,tulero. Karo ce B3eMar rroA BHr,r-
MaHI4e I'I HaMepeHHTe B Heg I]peAMerr.r, KaKTo tr BbrperxHoro rr ycrpoftcrno, rpa6na
Aa rrprreMeM,
qe Trr e uMaila KyJrToBo [pe,u,Ha3HaqeHr4e.
Karro cnoMeHaxMe tr B HaqaJloro, pa3BaJIr.rHHTe Ha ra3n crpaAa, a cblrro lr ocraHa-
''rplret pa3I(pI{Th npeg 1956-1957 r., HaMepLtxMe HeIroKtTuarv. llpe4Merr,rre B xaJrarrlara 6sxa
B TOBa IIOJIO)KeHIjer KOeTO Ca 3aeJlh llpl{ pa3pyIXaBaHeTO L OTiOX(apqBaHeTO Ha CenHIIIe?O.
O6croqreacrBoro' ile 3JIarHHTe IIpeAMeru ce orKpilxa rrpbcHarg Ha MaJrKo rrpocrpaHcrBo 6na3o
Ao ceBepHara creHa Ha clpaAara, IIoKa3Ba, qe re ca 6ana oraqeHl Ha cregara HJru ca ce Ha-
Mltpann Ha HqKaKBa noAcTaBKa.
Muoro or MaTIKI'ITe TJIHHeHIa xrIBorLrHcKH Qr.rryprn, a cblrlo H nJIocKHTe KocreHH !ro-
BetrJKH H]J.oJtH ca HoceHH Ha HaHI,l3. l.naneHare MelarboHireTa, Kotrro TBbpIe MHoro
flpnn'qar
Ha 3'IIarHI'lTe aIoIIA or Xornuqa, cblllo ca 6um HoceHI4 Ha HaHlr3H. Hfie cMlraMe, qe r,r 3JIar-
Horo cbKpoBI4lqe or XorHaIla e npeAcraBJIsBaJIo HaHu3. 3.narHvre [JracrHHKra-HA,oJIr.r B TogH
HaHA3 Ca HrpaenH ponqra Ha aMynerri. l-opHoro Harrre MHeHue ce [o-{Kpe[rr H or eruorpaQcxure
napaneJlI4 y Iz3ocraHa/IIHTe B pa3BI4TaeTo ct4 HapoAH rlo ocTpoBt4re sa Be.nrK[q oKeaH ra AQpraxa.
l leoprreB H Anreaon. IAAW, XXl, 1987, b6 cr.
 PA3KOnKI,{ B TIEUIEPATA CAMy[4JI]4tIA Il
H. ,4}I(AMEA3OB

I-lpe: lg57-1958 rzHcrr4ryr u vrysefi npa ElnrapcKara aKaAeMHs

r. Apxeo"roruuecKr4qr
Ha HayKUre rrpo.[.bJr)Kuxa pa3KonKure B [eluepara Cauyu.rtzqa II Ao i{yHano,
Bpasaucxo'
l.nansara ganasa Ha re3r4 pa3KotrKfl 6eure Aa ce orKpHsr HOBZ HaxoAKIl, KoI4To 3aeAHo
Marept antlre or Tettsara AynKa npz KaOlyxosol u flelqepara fleq AO Crapo
ce'rO, Bpavau-
c qoBeK no
cKo,2 Aa HI4 IO3BOT'IrIT Ia O5O|aTL{M HalI]rZTe SHaHIrs 3a I{IZBOTa Ha IIaJIeOJII',iTHI',Iq 'u,o-

.rrHHarA ua p. tr4crtp (o6p. 27). Marepua/'rr4Te, KOI4TO OrKpI'lxMe' HH IIOMarar c'bueBpeMeHHo Aa

ICTaHOBHM eAEa [O-TOqHa XpOHOJIOfhfl Ha K'bCHr4fl IIaJIeOJII'iT Y HaC, a C'L'U{O ll Bp'I]3KaTa Ha TaE

KVnr,Ypa c [aJIeo,Tt4Ta H3 cbceAHure Ha l'tl'nrapun cTpaHH'

I.ocerat.t:sure ocK'bAHH
naHHV, KoltTo l,lMaMe, He ro3-
BOJTHXa Aa Ce HanpaBa oIIHr 3a
pa3pelxaBaHeTo Ha Te3E B'bnpo-
ca, Bcn,{xv Marepr.iarrH, Io6ntu
Y< /-< *r"*"rja[i
or neuep?lTe 14 orl(plrTure Ha-
xo,Il,Hrrl?r c I4SKrIoqeHLle Ha Ao,lI-
HHTe lr,racroBe or neuepara
Bauo Kapo Ao ApqHoBcKIzfl Ma-
:-tacrHp,3ce orHacqxa KbM
opHHrrrxKara enoxa. Ho ra3la
-farHpoBKa 6eure npozsBoflHa. HoBaceHe
r)He3r, Kol,rro s noA.u,'bp)Kaxa, Jlsraroao O
He .{6px(axa cMeTKa 3a Tex-
-dnKara Ha o6pa6orxara u 3a
O6p. 27. Kapra na IlaJleoJllzrltlre Haxoalrua no Zcxlpcroro ae$u;tc
reonor[qecKaTa Bb3pacT Ha
1 Iteul ; 2a J - Cavyrlaqa I ulI ; 4 - Teusara AynKa'!o Kapnyxoeo
- Ao Crapoceno
HaxoAKHTe,
fleulepara CauyalHqa II ce HaMI,lpa B Hafi-ropHara rlacr Ha Manx1aq Aon ceBepHo
or ceJloro (o6p. 28). 3acera rfl. e Haft-6olarara c I(yJIrypHI'l ocraHKH neqepa no '4oJII4Hara
ua p, I4cxtp. B nea 6axa orKprara Marepr4aJlrj, Kor4To [oKa3Bar, qe KTrcHo[aJIeo,IIHTHara Kyr'l-
rypa B Taq neqepa HMa MHoto o6qr.r ueprn c KyJlTypara Ha MHoro ApyrH K't,cHorlaJleorurlIr4
HaxoAriura or Iotolr3Touua Enpona. Mex4y HaxoAKI,ITe LIMa H TaKI4Ba, KoHTo coqar I{ 3a I'l3Be-
crHo cBoeo6pa3ue Ha ra3r4 r(yJrrypa, Saxr, Kofiro urBa ra norBbpAH HenpzroAHara Beqe cHcreMa
Ha l. Moprra.tre (G. Mortillet) 3a xpoHoJlorl4llHara rnaca@zxaqafl Ha IIaIeoJIIzra'
Ky.rrrypnvrre ocraHKr.i, tJraBHo op'b,4r,rfl 3a rlpor43BoAcrBo I{ )KITBOTHHCKLI KocrH' ce
pa3-

nle.re.rsr B rpl't JIe)KauI4 eALIH Har rpyr IIJIacroBe (o6p. 29).

1 P. flonor. fleuepara Teuua Aynra. Co$nn, 1931.

2 H. Axav6a.or. n"ul.prra llerq 4o c',rapo ce.ro, Bpauauc(o. vlAvl, xxl, 1957, 1--40.
3 D. G a r r o d. Excavations in the Cave of Bacho Kiro, North-East Bulgaria. American School oJ Pre-
Cave of Bacho
..:::c:ic Research, Bulletin 15, 1939,46-84;IIaK raM, R' Popov' The Animal Remains From the
K::o. E5-126.
 48

fltpnuxr xJrr,r Ao,'IeH n.rracTr 4e6e,rl 0,60 lr,

ce cbcToa oT cBeTJrox.bJITeHHKaBa rJraHa, KosTo
HCNOCP EA CT BC H O,II C )X 14 B'b P X Y CT E I,J JI H I,I tI O - T'b M H 14
P
npocnolir{H, pa3KonaHr4 Ha 4b.rr6ortr4ua 4o 6 u,
KperutvHnnr Marepuan or ro3u nJlacr
c'bA'bp)xa roJrsMo Ko.larlecTBo rB])p.ne rpv6H llo
Sopnaa Kbcoee, rr.[acrr,rnKr.] u rpvru cbc cnB rlRnr
(o6p. 3l). CpaeerzreitHo rro-MarrKo ua 6pofi ca
loroBHre op'bnr.lH. Or HaMepeHr4Te Hyr(neycu
MHOfO Ca C HenpaBr.l,lHH reoMeTpvrlHr4 oqepTa_
Hr-ui. Te ca,4ocra y,4'bnxeHH ra c.bc 3HaqHTe,rrHH
pa3Meprz.
(lrrpra,rxaT e, oKo,'ro 30 Ha 6pori, ca na-
O6p. 28. O6tu asr,reA na ncucphre Carry6,1x113 rrpaBeHa or yAe6e,reH14 KpeM'br.rHa K.bcoBe. pa6o-
I B Il .co KyHnHo, llpauaucxcr Teruoro ocrpHe e A'broBfillHo riSrlbKHaJIo vJlt4
IIpaBO, peT)/Ull4pnHO OTK'bM eIHaTa CTpaHa Ha IL'ra-
crHHKara. EAHa no-lr'JlHa xapaKTepHCrHKa Ha re3r4 op'rrAr,rfl 3aceta e rpy4Ho Aa ce HanpaBr.r, 3a-
Iloro re noqTh He npHTeXaBar rvttelttHtr qepTH. I,lsO6ulo rpr6ea 4a ce r1oAqeprae, qe Haxo/IKHre,
KQIjTo ca npoy'{eHH AoCena, noKa3Ba'l' 3aIIa3eH MyCTepcKtt o6,lrzx. I,JsncHaeaueTo Ha To3H, KaKro
14 Ha MHoro Apyrtt Bb[p.]c14 ttle 5r'r'le HaIpaBeHo rtptt 6r,4ett1nre
[)a3Kont{r,, Koraro cr orr(p6at.
HoB14 HaxoAI{t4. Toea e AoKa3areJrcrBo. qe ce,{ercKa.ra K\/,rrrvpa, Bacr-r,qeHa y Hac H B
Ap}.ru
nrillepti or K)roragrouHa Fiepona, KaKro e or6e-
,rs3aHo a peAuua rl-\'6,nr.rKarlHrr.l 3a noqna c e,{Ha
Harta,THa rBT,pAe llauHa faia, Koi-a'fo rrpolz3BoAt.r-
Te"rrHHre cq,\11 Ha o6UleCreoro ce u3rpa)Kr'laT
BT.pXy OCHOBaTa Ha M.ycrepcKaTa rexHHKa.
B Canayu,rrHrla II na,leo.rlrarr{ara iiy.[-
rypa ce Havupa HanpaBo B.r,pxy [racr or
CTepHr'lHa rlvlHa. O6wnnara B,rrata, KosTo ce
npocMyr{Ba flpe3 TaBaHa r4 IIeHTparrHa].a :ta,na. oco_
6eno nrn B'brperxHocrra Ha neuepara, e pa3,ro-
)KAJIA H.AN'bJIHO IIOqTH BCi4t]KHfl KOCl'CH MATCPHAJT.
Kocreun op'b.ur4fl, KaKRirro ca Hr.i no3Harpr or
tsepana cKaJIa, a c:bulo raKa or ieuHara Atltr{ar
MrrponHrla, Bacz.rr 'illencNn, J]eaerarrrxara u npyrt4
neLr{epa, TVK He 6aXa Orrprarra. B ropnrn K,vJtTvlteH
ll"rtacT ce HaMepu KocTeHa r,rf .4a c.bc cqyt]eH /t,o_
aeH rpafr (r:6p. 32,ir'). Or pa3,{14qHa At,r6oquHa
B TpI4Te IJIaCTa npOLrSxo)KAaT pa3qvDeHH KOCTr,r
or cJreAHr.rTe xr4BoTHH: Ar4B KOH (EquUS CAbA.ILUS),
roBero (Bos sp.), enen (Ceraus elaphus), Ko3a
(Capra sp.), 6o6rp (Castor fiher), zaew (l,epus
sp) nerqepua MeqKa (Ursus speLaeus), neutepHa
xnena (Hyaena spelaea) u ap.
B Ao,rurzq fl;racr ce HaMepraxa ABe nap-
qeTa oT xo.4r4nHa KOCT, CJIy)I(l,.j4a 3a HaKOBaIHq,
KOqTO B tOpHaTa cu qacT e cHnHo HaceqeHa.
Haxona.tusra e H3[oJr3yBaHa 3a peryrxupaHe Ha O6p. 29. flpofia.l Ha n,tacroBere B neuepara
Cavyu,rnqa II
1 F. P r o 5e k. Szeletien na Slovenscu. Sloven-
,r
- roper nnacr i II - cpetreH nracr . Ill - roJeH
skd archeologia, 1, 1953, 133-164. tratreontrTeB flnacT
 +e)

KperlbqHH opl4un. Toaa e BTopoTo Haxo,qI,IUe cneA nerqepara Eaqo Kzpo, xt4ero e HaMe-
peHa HaKoBaJIHfl. B ocHoBHlirg c,rofi Ha AoJrHr{ff rrJracr e orKpr{To otHr4ule. To e gartraHo or
.{Bere cTpaHv c ABa KaMeHHI,I 6loxa, Zlta xptrna Qopnaa c AHaMerbp 90 cna. fl.nacrtr or Br,r-
'IIeHa H lehe.u 4ocrtrra Ao 13 cna 4e6eluua. Brr"reuare or ropenn AbpBera ca pa3nptcsarv v
B pa3nlrqHrzTe xopr]3oHTLl Ha ocTaHaJIraTe rrJracToBe.
LilexrroqarerHo LrHTepecHa 3a Hac ca HaxoAKare or Bropurr Ky/rrypeH rrJracr, Ae6e.r
80 cu. Tofi ce cbcror{ or irepBennKaBa rJrr4Ha. B Hero npn pa3Konr(rzre rpe3 1957 r. ycrrrxMe
Aa oTKpHeM IBe AByCTpaHHO OrtyKaHtr r(peMbqHH ocTpae-
t ra, Ko?rro Aa4oxa rroBoA pa3Ko[Kr4 Te' l,a 6rrar [poA.bJr-
xeHH rrpeg creABarqara roAvHa. B peeynrar Ha HoBr.lre
npoyqBaHr4fl 6axa orxparr4 oceM ABycrpaHHo o6pa6oreuu
KpeMbrrHn op'b4rfl, ABe or Kor.rro AaBaMe ua o6p. 37 a, e.
Egua or rrx ca KbcH, c.L,c 3aKpbt.{eHa ocHoBa H
HanoAo6sear MaJrtK roMpyr{eH x;rrzu. f,pyrn rnaar Qopuara
Ha yA'bnlKeHH JtHcroBr4AHvr ocrpnera, Aocra Ae6ena kI O6p. 30. HaroearHs or Kocr
rpy6o oqyKaHr.t. Tperra ca JracroBH.4Htr r,r 3aKpbtJreHrt H,Tr1
cTecHeHr.r B Ao,'rHr4f cu xpafi,. floc,ne4uare, KaKTo r.I3tJIeXAa, ca r]puroIeHH 3a npaKpe[BaHe K'r,M
Ap'bxr(a (o6p. 31).
MopOo,rorzllHoro pa3Jlaqrie MexAy rega opbAarr ce A'b,rr)xr.i no-cxopo Ha KaqecrBoro Ha
KpeM'bKa, orKo,rrKoro Ha rexHr4Kara ua o6pa6orxara.
Or pa:.rlavuH 4rn6ouzHll Ha cpe.4uxtr n,lacr 3aeAHo c 6u$a\uanHa JrHcroBHAHa oc.rpuera
ce cpetrlar I4 Aocra HenpaBHJIHvl Hyxneyc[ c KJrr4HoBaAHa a npr]3MarhqHa Sopnaa, a c.brrlo ra6a
a no-ro"lleMH KpeM'bqHI't KbcoBe unn rJJpa, fl.lacranxzre, KaKTo a or,rroMKr,tre, oTIIerIeHr4 oT Hy-
K,rleycHre' 14MaT rB'bp.ll,e HenpaB[nHI4 oI{epTaHun. flo toJIsMa cTer]eH TexHrzTe pa3Mepg ce onpe-
AenflT oT nbpBoHaI{aJIHaTa roJIeMI,lHa Ha rIJIacTIzHrara, O6zxHoBeHo Te ca .4ocra Ae6euru u ulu-
poKH, a A:bJr)Kr4Hara HM HaAMuHaBa l0 cu. cpe4 opbAr,rqTa 3a [poa3BOACrBO npeO6.na4aear
KpeMbIlHHTe ocTpHeTa c Tplt'LlbnHa Qopua. Perynrnpaurr ca uafi-qecro e,qHHHqr I4{rH ABara Ha-
AJI'b)KHH pr6a ua IlJracrr.rHKara.
llo'paenoo6pa3Hl{ IIo Qopnaa ca crbpranKare. Hanpaneur ca or cpaBHxre,rrHo rro-Ae-
6e.ru rperratqHl4 K'bcoBe c Aocra HenpaRznHa Qoprira. HaAntxuaqr pr6 e peryulapaH or eA-
Hara nilfi oT ABeTe [JIocKa cTpaHa. Ava vt raKaBa nJIacTI,IHK].t x ocTpueTa, KotrTo BcJleAcTBI4e Ha
HepaBHoMepHUn .qBycrpaHeH perylu ca crzJrHo ua3t6eHz, a Ha Mecra uaultp6eHu or ynorpe6a.
MHoro no-crapareilHo ca HanpaBeHr,r crl,praJrKr.rre or topH[rq c,nori. Te KaKro no Qopua,
ra(a H no rexHLIKa ce npu6,nzxaBar rBbp.4e MHoro Io crbpralrKr4re or Teunara AyrrKa.
3a noxoaete, Ho)KoBI4,4Hvre ocrpr4era r.r Apyru pe3rlr4 ca H3non3yBaHH rro-TbHKHTe r
YAG,TI)I(eHU KpeMbrlHH [JIaCTr4HKrr, peTyIIIHpaHH IrO A'bTOBHAHO H3r'bKHarurr CTpaHAr{eH
pt6, oco6eno a ropHua xpali Ha nJracrrzHxara, Cpeuar ce n pegrlr.r c npr,rrbneH rpt6, ntpxy
xofiro ce rocraBrJl naJIeIIbr npz pa6ora c op'bArzero. Pasuepure Ha re3r.r pesr1H ca or 6 ao
l0 cr'a 4r.rrxula v or 3 Ao 4 cu urapuna c Ae6enzna cpe4Ho 1 cu.
flo us.nara A'bJI)KIaHa Ha pa3KonaBaHufl ceKTop ce HaMHpar peqHr.r BaJryrbrlr4, AoHeceHH
TyK or peKara. Hafi-,tecro Kbcara I{M crpaHa e cr4JrHo uaulrp6eHa or [poAbJrxHTeJrHa ynorpe6a.
Taxzga per{Hn qaKbru ca lr3noJr3yBalv 3a paallerrBaHe Ha [d'tacrr4HKu or KpeMtqurdre r(oHr(peqlrn.
3naqurenno KoJII4qecrBo orJIoMKH, oTrIaAHaJra npa o6pa6orKara Ha KpeMa,Ka, ca c6c 3ana3ena
nbpBoHaqarHa o6enexa-Kopa, Koqro rro crbcraB e cr.rJrrrKarHa unu BapoBura B 3aBxcHMocr or xo-
pH3oHTa Ha cKaJrHas Macr,rB, or rofiro npor.r3xo)r(Aar KpeM.brrHr.rre rApa.
Bcnqxs KpeMbqHH opr,Auq or Canyu.nuqa II auar uai4-6nugxu napa,/renu cbc ceJrercKara
I(y,'Irypa. Tasn xy.nrypa, nolyrrala r4Mero cr.r or neuepara Ce.nera (Szeleta) a Vurapun,l Ao6una
pa3rHqHH orreHbllr.r B pasnaqHHre o6.nacra Ha Cpe4Ha u lOroagrouna Enpona. V Hac rs e or-

1 J. L. Cervcnka. Pravck zeme ccskych.Brno, 1927.

i\pxeolornr, xH. l-2, 1959
50

O6p.31. Opr,ana or Kpenr,K or cpeaHr.rs KyJrypeH n,racr B Canryu,luua II. Pasxonxlt 1958 r,
eaa-- 4BycrpaHHoo,lyKaH6 [ucroBh,4Ha ocrpzera:6- goxoss-{goocrpuei4 crbpra.[Ha;2 - JtffcKoBUnHa craprar(ai
d - K.[tHoBHAeE HyKreyc

KpHTa 3a np'bB rrbT B nerqepaTa Cauya.nuqa, K-bAeTO ce Cpeqa Br,B BCIjqKL xOpa3OHTL! Ha
AOJTHHfl r CpeAHr.rq Ky.rrrypeH fiJracr. Tyr o6aue rpfl6Ba Aa noArlepraeM,
qe He3aBlzcl,tMo or ycb-
BbpueHcrByBaHero Ha rexHrrKara Ha op'bAr{flTa B eAHI,r u c'b]J\r4 cJIoeBe ce cpeular rpy6a t4
AOCTa |pHX(JIHBO HanpaBeHr,r op'bAr{ff. floao6ns Haxo.4Kr'r ca HI4 no3HaTH OUIe fi OT nelqepl4Te
6a.na (Balla) n Vnrapzr,l ,{aepaea cKara (Dzerava skala), I,lsaHoelle (lvanovze), 6asra (Banka),
w Apyrv e t{exun,z a rd Ha ceBep or .Il,ynan B nerqepara Han4py (Nandru), tr4ocaurel (losagel)
H ApyraAe r Pynrruar,s a cr,ulo raKa u or rreulepara BacHil,rlencrH Ao tp. ,Ilonev, !,eneraur-
Kara flelIlep^t j4,pyr]/- KbcHonaJreoJrLrrHLt HaxoAUua n Sl.lrapna.
^
IJ. ScutiL paleolitikum Slovenskaa Podkarpatskej Rusl.Spisy5;s161i61dhoalbumMaticeSloven-
skej, IV, 1938.
2 F. ProSek. [. c., ra6a. II-VI, V s VII.
3 C. S. Nicolaescu Plopgor. Le paldolithique dans la Republique Populaire Roumaine ir lalumidre
des dernidres recherches. Dacia, I, 1957 ; C'b rr k q r. Rezultatele principale ale cercetarilor paleolitice in ultimii partu
am in R. P. R. Studii si cercetdri de Istorie veche, 1-2, 1956.
4 H, Axau6ason, U. c,, 18 u c,tr.
 l1
JI

lro,u, BapoBl{Tara craJlarMI4THa Kopa }l

Tperuar HnH ropHr.rflT KyJrrypeH nJracr, xofiro JIexI{
erpH cKa.rrHa 6aoxone, ce ct,crol,r or 6.noxax cBerJloxt,JITeHnKaBa
ta tJIUHa. B ,4o.luara c]I qacr IIJIa-
::br nocreneHHo npeMuHaBa B no-4pe6ua KaM'bHIr, upllMeceHu c xbJITa rJII,IHa. Toslt rIJIacr,
:e6e,r 0,80-0,90 M, or rofiro npr.rrexaBaMe no-MaJI'bK 6poli xpeu'lqHLI op'bAl{s' rrpl'lHa.4Jlexu
Kau BropM III unu 6opea.tHo BpeMe. Ky;nrypHure ocraHKlr ce oraacttr KbM Kpat{ Ha naJleoJlnra'
Or opr,u,urra, pa3Kpt4Tri ryK, ue paStne.u,aMe no-xapaKTepHure rHrIoBe.
|.l1asHgqr MareplraJr, or rofiro ca npaBeHH op'b.ql,Iera Ha rpyAa I,I opT,x(uqra, e 6nl xpe-
\rbKbT. TOtl nrr,ra cr{B, cBerJrocr,rB, SoHaJIHO yCTpOeH qnqr. B fopEHtl c,noft Ha To3I4 nJIacT ce Ha-
yepHxa H MHOXeCTBO IIJIaCTLIHKH OT noJlynpo3paqeH KpeMcI( c Boc'bqeH a'Ia qepeH IIBflT, IIo
xofiro re ce orJrr4qaBar or HaxoAKr.rre B IIo-AoJIyne)Kaxlsre nJlacroBe. Or paa.lrzvna All6oquua
:pog3xox(.u,ar noBeqe or cro ueo6pa6orenu KpeMbqHX KTca, u3noJr3yBaHl4 l(aro cypoB Mare-
plta,t 3a HallpaBara Ha op.b.4fiq. f]oAo6Hu KpeMbqHIa KoHKpeIII.IH t4trlv sacrvt or rrx, flonyrleHlz
npH pa3naAaHeTo Ha ceHOHcKlrTe BapOBI4IILI, B KOHTO e OQOprraeHa L CaMaTa neuepa' ugO6un'
crB]'Bar n 6tntzt<ara oKo.rlHocr. Tona o6croqrercrBo, KaKTo H MHoro Apyrl,{ AaHHLt noKa3Bar, qe
npe3 rrocJreAHvfl rrepuoA, Koraro neuepara e 6una o6uranaHa or qoBera, KpeMbqnutrr Marepuan
e 6ul no46rapan r{ AoHacrrH ryK or .[,areqHa Mecra. Opr4znra or ro3l4 flJlacr [oKa3Bar
MHoro o6qu uepra c op'bAnflTa or Apyru K'bcHorIaJIeo JtnrHLt HaxoAHura y Hac, xaro Ta6anrara
neulepa npu Jloneu, .l,eserattuxara neuepal H 4p. Tau, a c:blrlo I,t B c'bceAHHTe Ha Bl.lrapna
crpaur4 Te3r-r opbAl4s ca xpoHoronurleH 6e.rler ga Kpafl Ha [aJIeoJIHTa.
Ha 0,30 u At.t6oquua B ropHuq flJacr ce orKpn eAIzH aMyner or st6 (dentes canini)
Ha B:b,rrK (o6p. 32, e). 3ay:r^uar xpafi e c npo6rra AylKa 3a ol(aqBaHe. B cutlttocr roBa e nbp-
BHrrr aMyneT or ra3lz e[oxa, HaMepeH Aocela y Hac.
Or ctulnq [nacr rrpou3xoxAa e4tH npo6uBaq, HanpaBeH or KpeMbK c'bc cBerJloBocbt]eH
unnr (o6p. 32,2). Tosu [peAMer e 3acera e,4nHcrBeHara tto poAa ca y Hac HaxoAKa or roBa
BpeMe. OcraHa.nrre npo6neaun ca c He3HaltrzreJluu pagMepu, a Ia B roBertero cnyqau cHJIHo
Qparrr,renrnpaHn.
3ac.lyxanar BHnMaHHe a Mnr(poJlr,rrlirre or rrrn rpaBer. HanpaseHn or recHl'l, T'bHKI'l H
)'jl'bn)r(enn KpeMbqHH nJracrr.rHKrr, perylxfipaHlt IIo HaAJI:bx(uua pr6. Paeuepare ult ce ABI{xar
or 2,5-4 cM AbJrxtlua A fiupLrHa or 0,3 Ao 0,5 crra (o6p. 32, d).
fIoAo6Hz Haxo.qxr.r, rro3Harr{ or leqepara flerq, f]o6arHre KaMbHH (.Il,raxwrr.rtaru), BapneH-
cxo,2 npnAo6near oco6eHo HayqHo BuaqeHlire.
Ocrasa.nrre KpeMbqHH opt1ufl ca Aocra rpy6u, a rloBeqero or rflx fipe,u,craBJlsBar Kpe-
M.bqHH orJroMbIlH ulrn illracrr4nr<z 6eg pery[r, H3noJr3yBaHH npr4 pa3JII4qHI cnyqau. O,]esHAuo Ha-
cTbnHra e HgBecTHa flpoMcHa B aKoHoMUKaTa Ha TolaBauHoTo o6xlecTBo, KoqTo e Aana orpa-
xeHne Bbpxy uennfl KoM[JIeKc.
C.rleAoearerHo rarr Kynrypa BMecro Ma.4JreHcKa no-npaBxJlHo rue 6tAe Aa ce HapHqa lpaBer-
cKa KyJrTypa, Koero Har{MeHoBaHr.le HanocneA'bK HaMLIpa MHolo IIpltB'bp)KeHI]II14 cpe.4 lscne4eauEre.3
EAHarnsre QnsnxoreorpaQcrcr H corluaJrHn ycnoBltfl no I4crtpcxrn nponoM 6egcluneHo
ca rann orner{arbK Bbpxy paaBr4Trero Ha KbcHorraJleoJll,rrHara Kyarypa. B neulepHre Tet'rnara
Ayn1a n l-leul MHoro or KpeMbtrHr,rre opbAr,rs coqar nafi-6IILtsKkt napanenn c KpeM'btIHI'lre opbAHs
or Cauynnnqa IL Or rosa Mo)Ke Aa ce gaKJIroqE, qe ,qarl{paHero Ha Marepl4anl,ITer Koero HI'l
1.asa P. flonon, He e y6e4nreJrHo. B no,u,rpena Ha Hallrero orlpeAenenl,Ie e H MHeHuero' HgKa-
3aHo or ,I[. fapoa (D. Garrod) sa HaxoAKHre or Teunara Ayrxa: ,,Ky.lrypnnre ocraHKI'l or
Tenrnara AynKa He cGorBercrByBar Ha HHTo eAHo or opHHqrrrKHTe HHBa Ha neulepata Eaqo

1 H. Axau6ason. fllpnnre o6nrare.ln Ha Harxara crpana. Apxeoaoruuec(H orxpltrl'ttl n EtlrapuR. Hal'xa

n r.r3KycrBo, 1957, 18 c'tt.
2 J. Petrbok a J. Scutil. Otevrena sidliste aurignacke na ,,Pobitich Kamenech" u Varnyv Bulgar-
sku. Sbornik Narodnihi musea v Praze, IV, 1950.
3 Chronologie prdhistorique de la Tch6coslovaquie. R6digde par Jiri Neustupny. Musee National de Prague.
Ddpartement de Prdhistoire, Prague, 1956.

.t--
52

ff
i{
t{
E

'o
)t(

O6p. 32. Op"lr.rn or KpeM:bK u Kocr or Canyu,rrqa II. Pasxonxu 1957-1958 r.

a-crlpralxa;z-npo6lBaq;d-xurporHrriltrrpaBer;e-aMyrer;tr-KocreHaHtJtaiu-K-HoxoBe
(a-x n u-k-or ropHtrs traneotruren nracr);J - tsox;a- il- crtpranKuor cpelnrsnaneonxTeHnracr
I 53
a
Kupo npr fprroBcKllq uaHdcrnp.nt kpevruuure opbAriff Ha taa ry.nrypa no AoJu.rHara Ha
p. tlcrrp HMar 3a Haqaro He BbgHr4KBaHero Ha JraMenapHara ,HHAycrpr.ts" or optrHffKa, a eAHa
pasHocerercKa KynTypa, Kosro [poA6Jr)r(aBa rpa4vru4ure Ha MycTepcKaTa TexHHKa.
B Haurara crpana ceJrercKara KyJrrypa, Koqro nMa cBou cneqnQavnr ltpupoAHu r.r co-
qHzuIBH OCHOBLT Ha CBOeTO B'b3HI{KBaHe, e [peMr]Hana He npe3 yCTaHOBeHHTe 3a KbCHnq rareorHT
enoxn (opauax, conrcrpe z ua4.ren), a lrpea ceJrercKu rrepuoAr{, B r(pafl Ha Kor4ro ( e yrB'bp)KAaBa
fpaBeTcKaTa Kynrypa. Kaxeo KynrypHo BJlr.rflHr.re e oKa3a.rra MaAJreHcKaTa TexHaKa, 3acera rpyAHo
uoxe .{a ce Ka)Ke c IIoJIoxLITe.nuocr. Toarz B'bnpoc, KaKTo rI BbnpocbT 3a pagrpaHr,rqaBarreTo
Ha or.q,erHure cre[eun or pa3Burr4ero Ha ceJlercKara Kynrypa y Hac, qe 6t4e rrpeAMer Ha
rirreu1u npoyqBaHHflr Koraro ce HanpaBnr no-nbJIHH Ir urJrocrHr.r pa3KorrKn n ce cr6epar Aont,n-
HHTerHa AasHVt, Bb3 OCHOBa Ha KOHTO Aa Ce yCTaHOBH OTHOCI4Te,TIHa XpOHOnOtUfl H nepUOArcaIIUr{
Ha KbcnofiaJreo,rrr4Tgara KyJrrypa n 6r.urapcrvre 3eMfi.

I
l,
I
t
ar

tt
I D. Garrod. t{. c., mp. 75.

I f
I
t
t
 nyEJtt{KAuI,lLl

HOBn AAHHI,I 3A KPEnOCTTA HA Ol4Jlt4nOnOJI

JI. EOTYTUAPOBA

Ocrauxure Kpetrocrnnre c'bop"b)Kenrrfi sa Oa,nanoroJl, I,I3BecrHtt c EMero ,,rbpBarau

or
t.--H ,BbTpeurHaTau KpenocTHa creHa, 3aeMar cKJroHoBere I{ BI4coKI4Te MecTa Ha rpI'IX'bJIMIleTo
ile5errene, [xaM6asrgne a TaKclrrurene.l flpes 1957 r. B'bB Bpb3l(a cbc 3aKpenBaHero I{ 3ana3-

O6p. 33. Kpenocrua crena. Cextop ya. ,,Bzrorua'

BaHeTO Ha rro-3HaqaTeJlHnTe CeKTOpn oT KpenocTTa ce H3B'bpruuxa qacTHqHI,l pa3KolKl't oKono

KperocrHr.rq 3r.lA.2 Eflxa [poyqeHl4 cJle.4H?lre cexroplt: l) na yrI. ,,B[roil]a" (o6p. 33) u 2) npn
u'bpKBara ,,Cs. KoHctaHrLtH H Ereua" (o6p. 3a).

Cexrop Ha yn. ,,BHTotrran

Pasxonxure ce npoBeAoxa Mex.qy roqxz A-Ar c qen .u,a ce pasKplae ldJvpul,]ara Hd cr.
Hara vr sefinoro BbrpeuHo nHqe (o6p" 35). Pasxoua ce ITJIoI{ or l0 ua 5 u. Koraro ce pa3rpl'l-
Ba[re BbTpeuHoTo nr'rqe Ha KperrocTTa, ce nonaAHa Ha ABa KaMeHHvt gHAa sua Nb I
ra aaA Np 2, pa3rroJroxeHa nepneH,rr,uKynspHo eAr,rH KbM Apyr, u
qacr or ryxneHa SvI.apufl
(o6p. 35 a, 6). 3nL Nb l, roftro BbpBH Henocpe,4crBeno Ao Kpenocrra, e ruapoK 0,80 rra n nua
6auxer, [Jr.rpoK 0,10(o6p.35 a). floc.rre4nrrflr 3aIIoqBa HaBI,tcoql{Ha ot 0,50-0,50 rra(o6p.35a,C).
rra

l-pa.4eu e oT JloMeH KaM6K H OT OTJTOMbIIT{ OT no-cTap lpaAe)I( oT TyxJIH, BTOpI',IqHo I'I3nOn3y-

1 ApxeoaoruvecKflTe npoyr{BaHurr, rl3B-r,prxeHr.r Br'B Bp'b3xa c 6.laroycrponuaHero Ha llaosAus, ycraHoBsBar,

qe B nepnMelbpa Ha rpHxbnMr{ero ce u3lr{rana il BTopa Kpelrocrua creHa, qt4}tro cne.qu ocraBar ata6oro I}oA TepeHa'
Cps. A. I-[ o n q e s. flplrxoc KtM crapara Hcroplrfl Ha flliosAue. CoQul, 1938, 57 ca'
2 Pagronxure ce n3B6prunxa or 6 rcrlr go 12 aarycr 1957 r. c:rc c'bAeficrBl4eto xa Bepa Konapgga, gPxnreKr
npn Oxptxntfl My3eil a rp. flaon4na.
BaHu. XopocaHbT c6A'bpxa eAbp nrc'bK, HMa 6JreAOpo3oB UBST r4, o6qo B3eTo, e MHoro poHnr.rB.
3Ha JVs 2 e urpox 0,85 u (o6p. 35 a) u no rpa4e)K He ce pa3JmqaBa or 3nA Ne l. flsara zuaa
o6aue, B'bnpeKI4 rte B:bpBar nepneHAaKynspno eAvH KibM Apyr, He ce cB'bp3Bar r(oHcrpyKTr{BHo
Hlrro IIoMe)I(Iy cH, HI4To c ryxnenurr rpa4ex, qacr or rofiro ce pa3xpr4 Ao 3r4A Ne 2. Xopo-
caHoBnflT pa3TBOp, IZ3IOJI3yBaH B TyXJIeHHTI tpaAex(, e crrlHo qepBeH u MHoto HacrjTeH c eApr4
napqeHlla Tyxnl4. Pasrnop'rr e asJItl3'bJI or Qyrure H noKpHBa nortTt4 qrrJrara Ae6elana Ha ryx-
nnre (o6p. 35a, T). 3a Aa ce I43qcHH crparzrpaQutrra Ha KaMeHHara a ryxnenara3s1apr4fl, Ha-
rrpaBuxMe coHAax (pasuepra 2,7 ua7r60 v), upes rcoriro 3r4A llb I 6e npece,reH rrpes rrrnpr.iHara.
Or noryuenun npoQu,n ce BI'lAfl, t{e 3xAbr clbnBa B'bpxy rrJracr or rlprcr, .qe6e,rr 0,20-0,25 na,
rtljtueH or KynrypHH ocraHKLt (o6p. 36). fIoA npr,crra ce pa3Kpr4 Hacrr.iJrKa or ryxJrx, HraBoro
Ha KotlTo e c I u no-Bl4coKo oT ocHoBaTa Ha Kpellocrra. Paauepr.rre Ha ryxJrr4Te or HacTtrJIKaTa
ca: 0,31 Ha 0,31 nr, 0,30 Ha 0.30 u, 0,32 na 0,32 M, 0,295 Ha 0,30 M npn Ae6e.tzsa
0104 0,042 rra. O.{eeLJAHo npeA-
-
HA3HAqEHIJCTO HA KAMCHHATA U
ryxnenara av4apvr He e 6uno
B 3aBr4CtrMOCT OT KpenOCTTa. ceK-
ropbr or Kpeftocrra rpr6na 4a e
6un uerpay,eH MHoto flo-paHo or
KOMrrJreKCa, paSr(pr.rr HerrocpeA-
cTBeHO AO HerO.
Kpenoctuunr gvrfl\, pa3-
I(pllr Mex.qy roqr<a A-A1, I-
6en 2,30 nr (o6p. 35). Ha BbHur- rl
Horo Jrr{qe or KaMeHHI,t 6.loxone,
O6p. 34. Kpeuocrna crena, Cemop ,,Ce. KoHcraHruu u Elesan HaroAo6118auIH KBaApoBa o6pa-
6orxa, orroBapfl B'brpeuHo nbrle,
H3rpaAeHo or cueHr.rrHx ry@e.nr,
KoHTo 6xxa pasxpvtrtl Han:.,IIHo llpeS eAaH Aonr,nHr4TeJreH coHAax. TyQe,lare ca B [recr peAa H
HMar cJreAHHre pa3Mepq (or rope Ha 4o,ly): nbpBr{ peI 0,23 na 0, 12 Bropr.r peA u;
O,l4 ua
0,10 ua 0,80 ru;0,27na0,24na0,23ua 0,18 na;0,25na0,21 - ua 0,24ua 0,21m; rpern peA-0,10 - Ha
0,08 rvr ; 0,39 ua 0,37 na 0,12 ru ;0,24 ua 0,23 ua 0,1 I ua 0,09 na ; 0,19 Ha 0, I B ua 0.12 m ; qerB.bprl peA
0,36 na 0,16 sa 0,12 u; 0,32 ua 0,20 ua 0, 15 rr,r ; rerr4 peA 0,33 ua 0,30 u;0,33 na 0,14 Ha 0,09 nr; 0,24
-
-
6+
TT-T
-C

, N9l' C 't, 3hA N92

tl
51,44
"r,A, r

O6p. 35. I{penocrua creHa Ha yr. ,,Barorua". Pasxonru 1957 r.

na0,16 ra 0,14 M;rxecrrz peA
- 0,18 rv; O,l8 ua 0, 16 na 0, 12 u; 0,19 na 0, l4 Ha 0, l6 r,r. IJIe-
qrl.tflT BeA clbrlBa B'bpxy cKaJllrcr repeH, Ht4Boro sa xofiro e rz3paBHeHo c'bc 3HAapHr or rpy6o
ATJIaH KaMGK (0,92 Ha 0,54 u), nocraBeH r+a 4e6e,l xopocaHoB pa3rBop. ZarpaxgaHero ua Bib-
tperuttoro nnqe or ryQe.la e IIo npaBr.rnara Ha peAoBara 3vAapvfl., rcaro Qyrure ca 3aMa3aHH c xopocaH.
IA ryx xopocantT e 6.ne4oposoB, cMeceH c ryxJleH npax r e c,ra6o Ha crdreH c MaJIKu napqeHua ryxnu.
 JI

3uaapuara (eun,texror'rr) vex4y B'r,HIrJHoTo 14 BbrpetltHoTo JIHIIe Ha kpenocr[Vs sHA

ce cbcToi1 or JroMeH KaM'bK 14 xopocaHoB pa3rBop. floc.leAHaqr u\'Ia cblqara Qartypa KaKTo
-\opocaHa, ynorpe6eH npz Sr.rrypupaHero Ha peAoBere or ryQenu. couAaxuure
npoyqBaHHfl
toKa3axa, qe eMnJIeKTOH.bT CT'bnBa B'bpxy CKaJII4CT TepeH 14 3a fi3paBHtBaHe Ha ocHoBaTa ca

H3rroJr3yBaHpr ro-roJreMg JroMeHH KaM'bHI4. Xopocantr c ryxJIeH npax 3ana3Ba Qaxrypata cz

u
or ocHoBara Ao 3 M BprcoqrirHa, K'b.4ero 3anoqBa Aa craBa lo-6e.negHlxaB n HacureH c uo-eApLI
TyxneHr1 K.bcqera. J1uavnta, Korrro pa3rpaHl4qaBa ABara BI-JAa xopocaH! MI4Hatsa ua 0,60 u no-
BrlcoKo or Hr4Boro Ha o6JrHuoexara or ro.IJeMHTe KaMeHHH 6,[ot<ose' B clulHocr rfl MuHaBa
npe3 topHriTe qacTn Ha 3arra3eHuq KperocTeH 3nA, OTK'bAeTO 3aIIOqBa CMeCeHaTa 3uIapufl, Ll To
roqHo noA nbpBr.ryr .ryxneg nofic or rrerr.rpr4 peAa ryxJla (cpa. o6p. 36). 3anageu e elru noqcl
ryxnu c pa3Mepg 0,35 Ha 0,35 na 0,045 ril u 0,36 ua 0,048 u. Kaiuenuata 3ul.aputt IIo'q roflca
or ryx;Iy e BucoKa 0,70 na (a Qyrara rrpH ryxnure I.lMa Ixl4pt'lHa 0'025 0,035 vr), r. e. rl e
-
ro-TqcHa or Ae6ernHara Ha ryxJII4Te.
O,{entIAHo B Togr,r cexTop Ha KpefiocrHara creua ca 6unn I43B'bpueHH c reqeHae Ha

BpeMero s3BecrHa rrpenpaBgr.l 14 zaz1paBflBalnr. 3a rsxnoro xpoHoJloll4qHo h3scnrBaHe H IIo-

cfleqaaJlHo 3a yTOtIHflBaHe BpeMeTo Ha ['bpBo-
Har{aJrHI4f rpaAex Ha Kpe[ocrra oco6eHo BaxHo
e Aa ce onpeAenn rpa,(e)K'bT oT AoJIHaTa qacT
Ha KpenocTrluf, 3AA IOA CMeCeHaTa 3HEapVf.
Brn nprera c roBa I,I3B'bH ropel43TbKHarl,rre
E:_
no4po6Hocru 3a rpaAexa Ha KpeflocrHara creHa
E-:-r
TB'bpAe uHTepecHI4 ca I{ Ha6arc.4eHHqTa, KoLlTo
2 HenocpeAcTBeHo Morar Aa ce flonyqar oT B'bHIrI-
HOTO JITZIIe Ha cTeHaTa rIO npoAbJIXeHI{e Ha a.J
L:>v
I

C3. o
ueJrr.rfl ceKTOp tIpH yJr. ,,BrTo[Ian.
- Brnruuoro nHIIe Ha Kpenocrr?, H3rpd- F
AeHO OT tOJIeMr-I KaMeHHIA 6.lOXOne OT CAHH1 H
pnonsT, 3a[oqBa HenocpeAcTBeHo oT cKaJlr{cTafl
TepeH I{ Ce a3Alilra Ha BLIcOqI4Ha 2,30 2,60 rr,r.
-
B.rroxoeere ca B Tpr4 xopu3oHTanHo HapeAeHH
eArzH Ao Apyr peAa, KoHTo HffMaT HaBcrrKbAe
eAHaKBa BrzcorrrzHa. flo uscro u peA Te He no-
KaSBaT OrrpeAeneHa cHcTeMa.
Te ca pas.lnqHIl no pa3MepLI
z Qopnaa. Hape4 c roBa TIXNFh 3UA

qacr or o6rauonr.{}u,rre Ka-

O6p. 36. flpo$na Ha kpenocrHara crcHa. V.r. ,,Bnrotra'
M'bHI,I HOCqT gBHO 6C,'IE3U HA

BToprzLrHo rz3noJr3yBaH MareplraJi, KaKBLlro ca 6,[oKoBere, Ha Kotilo npaBo'bft,JlHara rfopnaa Ha JItrre-

Bara qacr e HapyrueHa or eAHo r/3prr3BaHe n l-o6paaHo ceqeHue I4,IIH nr,K c neA'l"r6auH AyrtKu no nHqe-
Bara rurocKocr (odp. ll5). floaropuoro r43noJr3yBaHe Ha 6noxoeere B KpenocrHt4n BHI\ e Haflo-
)I(uno lrapeiKAaHero AM r,a craHe B 3aBrzcaMocr or B'b3Mo)KHocrrrre 3a rsxHOTo upHcuoco6lBaHe.
Tana HanpuMep 6,'roK1,r c nAar6nara xopr43oHraJlHa xacra or ropHr4rr peA (o6p. 33) nocosaa,
3a ro.ue6cune'r'o ira crpourelrfl La ro fipepex(e Ha ABe r{acrH I.{ eAHoBpeMeuHo IIpeAcraBJIt{Ba
cr4l')/pHo Aor(a3are,lcTBo, r{e ca T'bpceHl-r pa3nfi'-lHa B'b3Mox(HocTl.l IIpu Hapex(AaHeTo Ha KaMeHHI4Te
6nor<oee. Krr,r re3rr ua6rn.qeHUq rpn6ea 4a ce o16e,re)r(14 14 eAHa rB'bllAe uHrepecHa floApo6Hocr.
IlpH 5,ror<oae c napa,re,rronfirrelHa 0opMa, HailoAo6qBarud r(BaApoBa'[a o6pa6orra, 3a xopl43oH-
1'aJrHa BprJ3Ka ca yrrorpe6eflr.r x(e"re3HH cro6r4 n I1-o6pasua Qopua (o6p. 137),.rloKaro npu Apy-
rr4Te o6ngqoBtrqHll KaM'bHtr, KoHro flBHo HocflT 6e,regare Ha noBTopHo Hgro.tl3yBaH Marept{aJI,
+ r(eJie3Hrlre cr<o6u He ce cperrlar, Ero 3auro QaKT'br, qe ,,xopI43oHTaJIHHTe peAoBe, He ca

l Broputr rroec or ryxnh e noBpeAeH x Hocr.i 6e,regu na npenpaBKl..r, r.r3B'bplxeHh B 3aBucuMocr or crpoexa
Ha K6U.IHTC, nOCTpOeHL Blpxy KpenOcTTa.
8 Apxeolorua, xs. l-2, 1959
 58

e,qHaKBo BlrcoKLI H npaBuJttu,nl Koero e cMylqa-

Bano npeAurrrHr.rre a3cneABaqrl. e 6ener ea e4Ha
npenpaBKa, H3BapLleHa cpaBHHTeJIHO nO-KGCHO B
KpenocTHr.rrr 3HA.
[1o4po6riocrr{Te, Kor4To ce ycraroBr.rxa or
pa3KonKr4Te orHocHo Haqr4Ha Ha npa.4ex rj yno-
tpe6eHur crporreJreH MarepnaJr, He HLI AaBar
B'bgMoxHocl' Ia uAeHTuQaqrzpaue Hr4ro rrbpBoHa-
qaIIHUfl rpa/Iex Ha cTeHaTa, HHTO HerOBaTa IIpe-
npaBl(a c nceBAoHSoAoMHzrr HaqaH Ha cTpoe)r( H
no peA cro6paNeHun ue MoxeM Aa to orHeceM
KbM BperlleTo Ha MaKeIOHCKOTO BnaAHqeCTBO B
Tparla. Hanporun, Tyr( aMaMe ocHoBaHVe Aa r.bp-
cHM napaJlenu npe.{H BcHrlKo oT prrMcKoTo cTpotl-
Te.IIcrBo, rr,li xaro e,IIeMeHTHTe, Kouro oxapaKTe-
puSupar a r.r3rrcHflBar rpaAexa noA cMeceHaTa
3VI'apUfl, IOTB'bpX{AaBaT MHeHHeTO, qe Ca s3lro,l-
O6p. 37. XenssHa cxo6a. fierafl,r 3yBaHV pr.rMcKu npr-rHrlr4nu npu H3rpaxAaHeTo Ha
KpenocrHllfl 3vU,. Hqrtaa c'bMHeHr4e, qe Kpenocr-
Ha'ra creHa Ha yn. ,,Blzroua" MOxe Aa ce cB:t'pxce uafi-paHo c p HHara prlMcKa enoxa B TpalHr.
3a eAao rro-roJIflMo yroqHflBaHe o6aue TnrpAe MHoro fire Aonp[secar ]r pe3ynrarnre o'r pa3-
KorrKr4re, Kor.{To 6nxa ce Har.paBnnn npu cexropa Ha y,'r. ,,[-p Crou.non".2

Cerrop npfl rI'r'pKBara ,,Cn. KoHcraHr?rH 14 EreHa"

llpoyunanuara ryx ce HarpaBlzxa c IIeJI ra ce pa3KpxHT ocHoBrre Ha Kpenocl-Hara creHa
Iro qfl,'roro npo,q'bJlx(eHHe Ha cel(Topa (o6p. 34). Kona ce no A'bJrxt4Hara Ha creHara, Karo
coHIa)KGT ganoqHa Ha 2 M oT ocTaHifl.iTe Ha Kpr,r.nar:a xyna s cTurfl.a .qo orpaAHprg gul Ha
U'bpKBara, OcHoel,rre Ha Kpenocl'HaTa cTeHa cT'bIIBaT Ha cKaJla r ce oTKpr,rBaT Ha ltba6o,{r.{Ha
0,90 ru B npoA'bnxeHae Ha 6 na a flocoKa xrnr Kprr,rara Kyilat cJreA Koero re crurar Ao 5,50 u
Arn6o,{r-rHa or cerauHl,rtr repeH.
Ha6.nrcAenzfra, HarlpaBeHI4 npn pa3Konr(nre Ha ceKTopa, rroKa3axa, qe Kpellocrnr4sr 3riA e
6vut uzaugaH B ocHoBrtre E B HaA3eMHara ch qacr no eAHo I,t c6rqo BpeMe, rtli xaro He ce or-
Kpuxa CJIeAH OT HaKaKBI4 npe[paBKh IIo A'bJix(l4HaTa Ha [eJILItl CeI(TOp. Or.rruqZrensZre 6eae3H Ha HaA-
3eMHaTa qacT Ha cTeHaTa, lpaAeHa c'bc cMeceHa 3u[ap]lH, cac./leAHvTe: xopocaHbT e qepBeH r.r CHJIHO
HacareH c ellpr4 K'bcqera ryxJlLr. @yrare B notrcnTe or ryxnu ca fio-mnporca or 4e6e.l]rHara Ha ryxilara,
;!,e6enauara Ha ryxnara e 0,048 - 0,05 Nr. I'lot{cl{re ce c'bcronr or no rrer peAa ryxnn. Cexroprr npu
rl'bpKBara ,,Ce. KoucraHTIzH 14 Ereua" rpn6ea Aa ce orHece K'bM pauuoensanraficxuTe crpoelrr{ (VI n.),
Peevflrarhre oT flpoyqBaHnflTa Ha ,,ts'LTpe[tuata" rpenocTHa creHa, KaKTo n pe3y/ITarnre
o'r [poyqBaHnflTa Ha aHTLtcHLtn Os.nunono.n flpe3 rocneAHlare roAI4HI4 orHocHo HeroBara ronorpa@ua
H pa3Br.{'r'I4e3 nocraBsr 14 HacrorrreJlHo r43l,rcKBar pa3penaBaHero Ha c/'reAHlrre BbIIpocI4: Bpb3Kara
Ha aKporloJlHl{tl lpaA c lpa.Il,a, rcotiro ce e pa3BI4Ban B HvSnHaTa, a potr1flTa a 3HaqeH}teTo Ha l(pe-
uocrHHTe c'bop:b)I(eHrrr 3a rorrorpaQcxoro ,,pa3BHT14e( Ha @ulrznonon. OqenrArro @u,nulonon
npe3 puMcKaTa elloxa ne e 6u.n BoeHHo-cTpaTerr4qecKlr qearrpa r.r HeroBoTo pa3pacTBaHe e BbpBsJro
yenopeAHo c pa3pacrBaHero Ha HeroBoro 3HaqeHI4e Karo ueHTbp Ha Ba)KHr4 cro6qzre.nHx apTepl4r.l
H Karo aAMHHI.{crparl,rBeH r.r KynrypeH r{eflr6p Ha eAHa o6urupna rpaAcr(a reprzropr4fl.
14. Uouuea. Ll. c.
2 ['pa;1exrr Ha creHa'ra ua y,r. ,,,{-p Crouaos' rro BirHruHll Ha6,nrctenur He ce pa3JruqaBa or rpaJler{a Ha cl,e-
Hala Ha yn, ,,Blzroura",.{o,'rnara qacr o'r 3HAa c roJreM[ o6llruoct,lHn Karu-bHr.., e 3ala3eHa Ha no-ror'rqNra Br4co'{rga,
3'l'. l'epacHvou" Monet'a o'r'rpaA <Durrnonor c uso6paxennfl Ha eAr.rH or x'6JlMoBe'r'e uy. I-HMfla.,
1937-1939, 1940, 16I ca.; Xpau sa .Iluoul.rc Bbpxy er.Ha rlroHera or <Drz;rnnono;r" Pn, IV, 1949, 189; J1, 6 o-
ryuapona. Hoeu taHnx :ia Qn"luirorron npe3 prercrara euoxa. fMfl,ro., Il, 1956, 11I.
I 6. [- e p o e, flpoyunauua Br,pxy r]o3eMneHrire ornolrtenhr B Hauure 3ervru flpe3 pr.rNlcro npeue (I-III n,),
fcyr.Io@, l, 2, 1953, 40.
 {3- 6^, 16K('9? 63

6qxa
e l,t3noJl3yBaHo '[t,Jlro BpeMe' 3a roea roBopl{ o6ctosrelcrBoro' ']e
Ha-
-;1l.rrrld. f po6ranlero
r!=:::rrr rpo6one eAuH Bt,pxy rpyr' a B HgKol{ 6txa npn6paHn Kocrl'r qe
or IIo-paHuuH norpe6eHnr'
Ha aHTr{rrHHfl rpaA noKa3Bar cpeAHoBexoBHI4sr e 6ptfl
-a..;r..iHero Ha roBa rpo6raute B rIeHT:bpa qacTI4 OT aHTI{qHI'rfl 1.paA ca ce npeB'bp-
t:-.to,toxeH Ha MHOro no-MaJIKa IJIOIU. HesacrpoeHHTe
:-=:.i" B rpo6uuta.
flocaeAHnsr l(ynrypeH nnacr e or elloxara Ha rypcKoro po6crno' Toft Hso6I'JrcrByBa c
14 e'u'I4H or pe3epBoa'
,,r-:rHr KepaMr4r(a
" apvt'"' MaTepvalIv. Ha6.nuso xpafi L3KOIIa ce ort(pE
:;:;HarypcKrjqBOAOfipoBoA.Typuurecau3non3yBaIIupuMCKI'treBOAOH3rOtlHI4IIuHKaHaJIfiTe'
::]IjToAoBexAaTBoAaTaAolpaAa.HeuroIIoBeqe'TecaH3tIo,'I3yBaJIH14cl4cTeMaTaHaBo,I[o-
pe3epBoapu I',i3 rpaAa KaTO
:r;a6l.snasero, Karo ca nocTpol4JlI4 C'blIlIiTe BOAOpa3IIpeAeJIEre'IIHI',I
e oTI'lBa',IIa I1o AoMoBeTe' HaulHqr I43KQn Dpe-
:;f,,,rEHHTe. or rsx lo r"llrHeHL tpt6u BOAaTa
-13a Ha,II, AeceT T)/pcKl',l ,,KafleM2".
PesyararureoTpasKofIKI-jTeHBno3Bo,'lgBaTAaHailpaBl4McJIe.[.HlITeu3BoAI4:
qe Aarycra TpalHa e nOCTpOeHa
Ilpe.Urz BcrjrtKo Te tie AOKa3BaT llpeAnoJlo)fieHIjeTO'
paz6upa ce' He e H3K"lrcqeHa' HO R Ta-
Blpx\. no-cTapo tpaxttlcro cenr4tue. Taela s'l'aMo)t(HOCT)
xte c,lyuafi flo-craporo ceJIIzuIe s Ao pa3KorlaHl'ltl yqacrb
paloycrpoficrBeH IIJIaH' I'l
TpatHa e crpoeHa no npe.[tsapl4reJl
rOCoKii. 'lg e SUta JIaAeJICKI4 lpaA' HaCeItlBa
nO CBeToBHr4re
orpa6aaHa or oKo'IlHoro
KoHTo
Bna,4e.ruu Lj 3eMeBJlaAe,ryllrz' BorarcrBara'
Hne, ea 6unn H3noJr3VBaHH 3a Herolloro pasxy6annaaHe
r 6'raroycrpoftcteo' l4a.'ano e c'blllo
ro,'flMo qacrHo crpo,rencrBo. Tosa arpo"ra"ar"o He
e 6ulo npeK:bcHaro qaK Ao lV n', xr'u
yJII'lUuTe' KaHaIIlrTe I{ BOAOnpoBoAI4Te ca
xoftro AaTHpaMe Hauara nocrpofixa. 3a urupHHara Ha
ocBeH HoBooTKpuTaTa ttaogafixa Ha pa3nl'tllHH MecTa
!i3
cr.ra3eHH o6rqafiHure pa3MepI4. Tlii raro
rpaAa ca KOHCTaTr4paHr,r olue rpn6na Aa ce npueMer qe naoeaftrute ca 6untt Mg'lla'
Aecerl,rHa,
MO3aIIIIIITCTI'r' no BcgKa
or rona cJleABa, B rpaAa nMaJIO 3HaqI4TeJIHO UZC.no npoQecuoHaJIHi',r e npl'Iro'rBtlH Ha Mtlcro'
qe e
Beporrnocr MecrHH xopa, He e I'l3K"lruqeHo B Ta
Aa
pa IIIT He ca uuarv oflHra I'I
Tpero. I-lpes V a' rpar,lr e 6n'rr
6nectquara crpol'ITe'IIHa
6orarcrsara Ha rlo-crap,Te M)I x{l{TeJII4 IT He c
BCe noBeqe I4 IIOBetle Sana'4aflH' 3auasrure
TpannrJLl'', c pasenrneTo Ha Qeo4a.lusnaa rpaAoBeTe
SeMe,4eJIHe 14 )KLBeeJIo no
It TbptoBrjgTa 3aMpe,[r{, 3aeHCtlNloto HaceJIeHHe ce 3aH}'IMaBa,llo c'bc
ce,,raTa. fpa4Onere-xpefiOcTl'l cTaHaJIH y6eXaule Ha $eOAa"rure
H reXHI4Te BOeHHI'I ApyxI'lHI4'
I{aCTI't Ce npeB'L,pH aJ,r4 B rpo6raula' Taxasa e cr'A6ara
fl.,roura HM ce HaMaJrHna. HesacrpOeHnTe
B cu paMKH eABa no BpeMe
rr Ha Aerycra TparHa - Bepea. lpa4tr ce e pa3pacHaJl
CrapHre
pa3Bl{nu SaHaffrl4Te a rbproBHtta 6narail-a-
Ha BropaTa 6l.lrapcxa A'bpXaBa, KOlaTo HaHOBO Ce
Taxse ca rO cBapanu r)'p-
peHge Ha Bp'b3Kure c.lc 3ana.U,Hl,lre rpaAOBe [1 6pOnHur u Benequg'
po6crno'
unre, Tarla e ocraHaJl H npeS lrsJloro rypcKo
t{eratpro, B o6.nacrra Ha soAocua6AqBaHero aHTHrlHaTa TpaAI'llII4q e. ocraHa'Ila }xHBa
npe3 usJloTo cpeaHoBeKoBl'le' Ts e ueno'n3yBaHa H
or ryplll4re'

i"
 H3TOqIIATA I-PAHHUA IIA CflPNHKI4HCKA,TA |PAACKA
TEI}HTOPHq fiPE3 III B. TiA H. E
T. I4BAHOB

Klna cepauxa e rpfiHa.qJlex{a'ta o6urzpua rpaACKa repr4Topr4fl, pa3Ae,,TeHa

Ha Do-Ma.rKr.,
arNll'lHHcrparlIBHl4 eAaHHIII'], Haper{eHa o6.lacra (regiones), KaKTo y3HaBaMe
3a rtpbB nbr or eAzH
HacKopo orKpHT
"raraHCKA HaArIUtC or c. Erlrapcxa H3Bop, flreneucxa oKp:br, DOCTaBeH oT
rpa4 (civitas Serdicensium).1 3acera e r4aBecrHo r4Mero caMo Ha eAHa ra*aBa
Cep4rar<a
n pafioua Ha TereaeucKo' a IdMeHHo Dyptensium unu D1,ptensis.2 Bcsxa o6nacr (cco6euoo6nacr
rpa-
HHvua) 6una saulnteHa or peArjlla yKpellJrer{fir. B reprarop t4ATa
BJttsat'tvt MaJrKu cenriura, MeHara 14
Ha uoBeqero or KOHTO He ca II3BeCTHL OT TIHCMeHATe rr3BOpH r.r enurpaQcK?rre
rraMerHrzus. fIO
Ill'Tl"rurara 6unn pazno.noxeHl II'brHH craHrll4r,t. BT g ocHoga Ha ilbrHr-tre
Ko/IoHI,r u IloncraBKr.rre
3a craryu, u3r,vtHaru or lpa.4 Cep4zra, Morar Aa ce ycraaonrr npr6,rll3arer,IHzre rpaHuuH
Ha
Ceparzxzficrara rpalcKa repr.rroprzrr lcrparerza).s 3anaauara tpaHfiua e MHHaBa,rra
rp6 aHrr.tqHrzrr
rpar Typec (Ilzpor), orlAero npol'r3xo)r(Aar eAHa nibrHa KonoHa rz ABe 11oACTaBKH 3a
crary?r or
nr,pBara rroJroBrjHa Ha III e. ua H. e, CtqeBpeMeHHo rfl e 6una rpaHarla
MexAy npoBrzHuuq
Tpaxur, xliu KoFro e npHHaA,'Iexa.la Cep4vla) 14 npoBzHrluq lopHa Musus.
IOxsara rpaHr4rla
ce e trpocrl'lpa'ra Ha ]or or Buroura no repflropufl.ra Ha rpa4 llayrailzfl u lepvaHur
(c. Cana-
pena 6ana, KrccreH4alcxa oxptr). Cenepuara rpaHrrrla e rpexB.bp,rala
Xenayc (Crapa n.naHrna)
14 e AocrHrana Ao AHeIrIHoro c' 6t.nrapcxl4 I43Bop, flneaeHcxo, npr.r
3aBofl Ha peKa KarHflx e
MecrHocrra ,,llpanopu'j Karo lyuxt Ha H3ToqHara rpaHxrla ce nplleMarle
flpoxoA.br ,,TpaaHona
Bpara" |IpH c. ,leuaxau, Co(rrficxo. Hafi-ueroquara cr4 rypHo ycraHoBeHa roqKa
Ha ra36 rpaH,ua
Aocl(opo 6eure c' ,IlecHono, Co0zficro, Koero orcroa Aocra Ha 3ara4 or npoxoAa
,,.IpaRH.ra
npara"' Orrart npongxoxAa eAHa noACTaBKa 3a craryfl, u3rvtHara or rpaA
Cep4axa B qecr Ha
Kapaxana (211--21/ l.n
tr'laxonHlare pa6orz, flpeAnpnern npes 1942 r. sa HoBoro Me)KAyHapoAHo
rroce co$ar-
rl'rion4r'rn-llapwpal, npu c. Jleqaxan, coQni.icxo, raAoxa BbsMo)x'ocr
Aa ce or*prlrr HoRH
enrarpaScxn rlaMerH?IIIZ, KoHTo norBbp)KAaBar rgKa3aHoro rlrHeHHe, qe
npoxoA.br ,,Tpaxuona
Bpara" e 4eficrnHteJlHo eAHH or nyHl(roBere Ha u3ToqHara rpaHr4rla Ha Cep4uxaficxara
crpa-
TelHq, Pa6oruuuare nonaAHaJlx ria MacHBHa KaMeHHH H ryx,rreHn creHz Ha crpa4r4
or pr4Mc1ara
enoxa. 6u'lz uavepeHa 25 cpe6tpHa MoHerr.r or Cenrn urfi Cenep, lera a lop4raH
III, acauxzre
ynpaBnqBanll [pe3 nbpBara IIoJIoBHHa na III n. Ha H, e, Pnucr<w ryxnu
c paBMepH 0,32 ua 0,32
ua 0,04 M Morar na ce Bursr x cera B ABopa Ha Cnupa4oH I,{e. To4opoB, npe3 HHBara
Ha
Kororo MaHaBa HoBoIIocrpoeHoro noce. Tyx.nure npnHaArexar K.bM Kr,cHopr,rMCKzq nepHoA
(N-V n.)" Apxeo.norvqecKltre Mareplra.Ilt4 IIoKagBar HeABycMI.rcneHo, qe np1 c,,IIerqaxaH e aMa,rro
ceJIHqe or pHMCKoro BnaAHqecrgo. TaI\a ce JIoKaJIHBapa Egerica, crroMeHara or aHraqHure r.irri-
l B. 6eureBn u ee. Enurpaficxn nprHoclr. Co$un, 1952, 85.
2
llar< r'anr, 35.
il. Il.,4uNtr.,t rpor.3a crpareryr4ra u 3a HfiKor1 fpaacxl repr4 rof l.li R Pu ,rcr,a I parlril. I tiM,
137 ct.; l'. 11. K a rt a p o B. flpuuoc KhM crapara xcroprlc na Corfun. Co{ua,1910,33.
V], lUS6,
4
6 e ll e B n r4 eB. LI. c., 38 c,r.
D
[,uuurpon. i-1. c., 138;Ka1inka. Antike Dcnkrniiler in Bulgarien. Wien, 1g06, Nr"
39.
 65

TpHTe lpaHHTHa troACTaBKa 3a

1:epap66.l O5aqe Hafi-Uenuara 3acera HaxOAKa oTTaM CI4 OCTaBaT
crpoex(a Ha lxoceTo. ,LI,ne or Ttlx I4MaT nocBeuIeHIAe Ha fp:bIIKH
e3l'lK' a
craryr.i, HaMepeHr.r npu
ce BuxAaT u3g,bn6a14Te
rperaTa HqMa. B'bpxy rOpHaTa ngBbpxHocr Ha TpI'lTe IIOACTaBKH '11ynKl'l

3a nprrKpenBaHe Ha cTaTyI,lTe.Te6unu 1OCTaBeHI'I OT rpaA CepAraxa, KaKrO y3HaBaMe OT HaIIlI4CHre'

1'77 vt' OcHonata
1' lpauarHa noAcraBxa 3a crar)Is c ropeu I4 AoJIeH npI4AaB' Bt4coKa
Ha lo'u'craBKara
;ra npxAaBr4re e npaBobf.bJrHa - 0,67 Ha 0,65 M. B'bpxy ropHara nOBbpXHOCT
ctlllo 0,05 u' B ues
e H3A.bJr6aHa ll,yrrKa c KBaAparHa Qopr,la -- 0'05 Ha 0,05 ru u .II.T'Jl6oKa
ce e n.bxaJr )r(eJreseH UIr4oT 3a npriKpenBaHe Ha cTarytlra. Ha
.lulleeara
Ha 6-I'lf peA ca
crpaHa e r43A'bJI6aH fpbqKla HaAnI4C B 13 peAa' Byxnure
B'b3 OCHOBa Ha
.locra E3TpI,lTI,l, O6aqe TeKCTtT MOXe Aa ce B'b3CTaHoBl4
c,reABatuHre peAoBe. BucoquHara Ba 6yKBHTe e 0,03-0,04
u' ,rlararypa

oNsAyMaTa'EP/ZN(10-npea);Q4ionllnnou:Qllionanao''(o6p.46)'
Tercrlt r.nacn TAKA:
'Aya&11 dy11' 'AliPtlPo
-'If
Tiv t,iyn- v 2efaorcv
rcr., xai $er 10. 2tPlol noilE
orctrav cti- 'Eni
"t;'YrtQXiaq
5, rcxgdroPrt 'Iouliou Q4-
)[. ,li'Palr lon(rnannou,
ot ZeuiiQot'
flpeaCr4: ,Ha 4o6'r,p qac. Ha uafi-ne.n\Kufl A Hal'i-6OXecTBeH
IIM-

f,io6p. a6. I-paHnrHa.,

no.u,craBKa 3a cTaTJ"t,,
u3nt4l.:dara B qecT Ha
Ceaep Arercauarp'
Jtonafl. 3acera rODa I4Me IIO3HaTO OT HaAnHca B'bpxy eAHa nOAcraBKa
e Ceao Jleutaxatt,
B qeCT Ha eAHH aTJleT' rto6ennn B l4CT-
3a craTyrr or CepAI{Ka, I,I3ALlHaTa CoSHficro

MrfiCK11re Llrpa B tpa1A, KOraTo Te 6IrnI4 OptaHH3I4paHH 3a IIpbB n'bT'4

Ha aroHorerHTe, Kol,ITo ycrpot'IJll4 Hlpr'lre.
hrraero Ha lO.nrafi Ounonan crol{ HaqeJro Ha JILIcrara
I,{grlexAa, rle rofr e r43n.r,JlHuJI TOBa o6qecrBeHo 3a,u,6r)KeHHe Be.le Karo Bt'lc[Ie /I'll'b)KHocrHo
Jruqe, BepOflTHO KaTO np'bB apxOHT. flo rarle HaqaH MOXe Aa Ce AaTLpa C[OMeHaTHqT Han'nilC
Ha ceBep A"lercaH4tp.
Ba,pxy no,4cTaBKaTa 3a cTaTyrr Ha aTJIeT no BpeMero
2, lpauurna rroAcraBKa cbc c'brrlara Qoprraa KaKro npeAxoAHara' BncoKa 1,68 u. OcHo-
BaTA HA npHAaBnTe e KBa,ll,parHar Ca,C crpaHa 0,56 rr,t' Blpxy rOpHaTa noB'bpx6ocr Ha IIO'4CraB-
KaTa r{Ma qeT,pr4 Ayrr*r,r 3a npr{KpenBa'e
Ha cTaTys. Ha nauesara cTpa'a e Ir3,4'b"I6aH fp'buKl4

Ha,rlnnc (o6P. 47 n 48):

,II; ,Iarr.rncrn a3BopH 3a 6lnraPcrara

r Ravennas Anonymus. I4seopn sa 6"r.nrapcrara ucTopHR,
Hcroprrfl, I. Co$ur, 1958, 395; rraK raM, 2O' za6'
17; B' Muxos ri [-' f eoprnee' I4cropuuecra Kapra Ha

Ba,rxarcxuq nonvocrpoB ao IV e' Ha H' c' CoQun' 1952'

2 floncraerrre c Haanr.rc ca npr6pauu e I4xrutuaHcrrn vyeefi. Tperara lloacraBKa ce HaMupa
e c. JleruaxaH'
? 3a out(tQxia ce cnoMeHaBa B eallH HaAnItc or cep.[lxa' Bx' EeileBJIilee' [l' c., 17,
lS 12. Tart us-
pr4qHo e cnoMeHara na n'rpBl.ls apxoHT C nZpasa ,,a'dp7,orzoc" (gen' sing')'
!.Jl6xHOCTTa
4 Kauapoo. tI. c., 32 u79, Ne 10; Kalinka' I-l' c" M 102'

9 A teorortc, l-2' 1959

 66

'Aya&2j d6y.
Ilpeno4 :
Mapxlaa '{haxt-
,,Ha Ao6rp qac. Ha Mapurr
liav Zeufipav Zel)(aofit) Ora\ntns Ceeepa Anrycra,
Yuvtxa rct".t 2rn1- c b rrpyra Ha HarfLls, f ocloAap
ou tlprit rntilnnau. Quilut, rpa.qbr Ha cepAure
'H )Ep6oN n6iq
[tts4urna no,qcraBKara]. 3a
eituytite . IIIACTI4C. (
Uecro ce cpeuar JrI4tarYpu: 2-u pe!, (Dr B nyuara ,atauil.iav;
3-a peg -- Hp e ayuara Zeulpol',. -
4-u pen IrE B yuutxo; 5_ape4 _
Qn' n '4,ui)t,,. 6-a pe4 .. H2 n 'H 2iplut,. -
Oopnaara yut|xct ortoBapfl Ha
)tl)vtt )1(t,

L4 tosn naMerHr4x e roqHo AarupaB

Saua (244-249 r.).
-. ynpaB./reHHeTO Ha Qunun
i3. lpauurHa no4craBKa 3a cra:
nperxorHar a. Buco,tuaa r,s0 u. crpaua
JJ"#;rt;ffJ"".*""#'"".1;:
AaBHTe a'57 v' Orrope Ha rroAcraB Kara
uMa TpH qerB'bp Trlru
BaKpenBaHe Ha crarys. Bt,pxy nfirleBara AytlKU 3a
crpala HrrMa Ha1nuc (o6p, 49).
flouexe MecroHaxo)K-zleHr.rero r{, Tnrrra

lpea aarHu":i".offi:';r"i:T:L;."
IJ-11.- cepazra-(Dznunono'r-A.qpzaHonol-KoHCraHrriHorror. " ,rr^r^ro."""*r'"r""i-"urxa
rraBHrnr pr4McKr.r nrr cunru4y-
nPea'u HflKoJIKo roazHnln HaMepeHH
xofiro
ll4xtuuan, orcrol{ Ha T rcu ceBepo.anaA'o or c. ,rleuraxau.

A TAOH TYXH
AAAPkfAN hFAKt
AIAN ftYFPANCEB
r YM KAT U KYPI
6 H/1AhA,$ lntllllU
l-{ (Pa u^n o^lc
Y T Y XU"IC
+4. @arcuua,re Ha Ha,rrnnca Bbpxy
!!q
no.4cTaBKaTa 3a cTaTys, O6p. 49. ]-panurna noacraBKa
zs,quruara e aa crarys. Ceno Jleuaxan,
rrecr Ha Mapurr OrauHaus
CoSr.rficro

ru a3KonHure pa6orr Ba HoBa K,brrla Ha

brtJra Ha yn. Hs. Basos rz y.n. 6par
:Bopa Ha Mapw, leoprzeea Eorena pa6ornrqzre s Muna$nlc.,eel
norraAHaJlr4 Ha KaMeHHara HacrrrJrK a Ha put_
I Jlarnncrt r.r3Bopr{ 3a ncropr{sra Ha Bl"rrrapur, I, 41,
 67

cKfiq n.br.1 fopHara noBbpxHocr Ha rtbrq ce na 0,60-0,80 rra 4r',r6ouula no.q cerau-
HaMHpaJIa
HOTO HHBO Ha repeHa. fltrsr uMa"rr cJreAHOrO ycrpoftcrno. Hafi-orAony
6ul uapeAeH e,u,I'IH IIIaCT
or roJteMH KaM.bHt4, nocraBeHr,r B orBecHo noJlox(eHl4e, 4e6e.l oKoJro 0,20 rr'r. C']]elear BTopH
rr'r' Blpxy uerO
Mex,U{HeH r1acT, c'F,cTaBeH oT eA'bp qaK'bJI I{ nncbK, Ae6e.l C'blrlO OKoJIo 0,20
[,/racr or eApr{ r(aM6Hr4, rrocTaBeHH C lxl4poKaTa TIJIOCKa CTpaHa HaAo'rIy H no-
e JIe)KaJI Tperrz
KpHrH c nflc.bK. !,e6enana'ra Ha rrJracra e 0,10 u. Us.nara Ae6e.luHa Ha KaMeHHara HacrI'lJIKa Ha
n.brq e 6una 0,50 ira. [lbrqr ne 6u.n Harrb,rrHo xopa3oHTaJIeH, a JIeKo h3Ayr no cpe4ara'
Or-
CTpaH,J rOft 5un otpaHnqeH Or KaMeHHH 6opAropu, nzcoxu 0,60, A'bJIrH
ra
0,35 'U'e6ens
0,30 ru. Te 4olr.rpa.nr4 Lo 3ApaBara rpbcr. LlJr.rpuHara Ha rlbrs 6uta 6 vr. Ha oKOJIo 1,50 na Ha-
cTpaHr.t oT 6opAropH Te 6r4ilu 3a6efls3aHn B XOaTO 6anl4 HaMepeHH )Kl'lBoTI',tHCKI4 KOCTI4
KaHaBKI,l,
ra Qparnreurr4 or pr4McKa KepaMr4Ka. Iltrqr npoA'bJIXaBa B IOloH3TOqHa nocoKa
npe3 MecrHocrTa
,,CeraRTa,, (ocraurn or aHrqtlHo ce.II4IUe B IIeHT'bpa
Ha rpap, Vlxtuuan), Hanycxa VIxTuuaY'
IIpeMuHaBa npe3 MeCTHOCTATe ,, I-II4|aHCKaTa MaXailA! V ,,MeXVAfiCfaTa
rtleXaUa", npo4'bflXana
BpaTAu v OT-
Dpe3 C. ,Ileqaxau, MeCTHOCTTa ,,Apxarap.na" a Ce OTIlpaBr 3a npOXOAa ,,TpaRHOna
TaM 3a flloaAzs. B ceeeposanaAHa nocoKa pr.rMcKr.rflr rI:bT MO)Ke Aa ce npocneAl',l noA celalrlHHs

nJrOuIaA Ha rpa,4 tr4xrtuaH, Ha[ycKa tpal\a V Ce OTnpaBfl npe3 MeCTHOCTI4Te ,'Te[eTapIan,

,,[r6a",,,CpeAua topa", ,,Mopana Moll{ras 14 rlpoAbn)KaBa K'bM Baxapen u CoQun'
B l4xrnuau Hayr{e6 aHTepec 3a apxeoJrora npeAcraBq KBapranbr nCeKHrra",2 pa3[oJlo-
it<eH B roron3Tor.rgara rlacr Ha tpar,a. Tyr ce e npocrupaJlo aHTI4qHo ceJll4ure'
Koero e o6xsa-
ulaJro llnou oKo.no 50 AKa. flprz usronz HerrpeKbcHaro ce orKpllBar ocraHKl'r or aHTHtlHI4 crpaAH
C'bAOBet 69-
OT prlrMcKaTa eIIOxa, HanpaBeHl4 OT KaM'bK 14 XOpOCaH UII4I OT TyXJII4, rJIUBeHH AOtrlVIV,
ToBr4 npeAMerrz u MoHert4 or pr4McKara H paHHoBI43aHruftcxata efloxa. Cenuuleto
e 6u'no 3auH-
TeHo c KaMeHHa creHa! oCraHKI4 or KoqTo Bt41trx [pe3 M' ronn 1951 r' B ABopa Ha fleTbp MH-
xarinoB, Co6crnenux'br Ha Mlcroro 6eute rr,Barvil oKono 20 xy6rauecKI4 Merpa KaMbK or Kpe-

flocrHara creHa. Crenara npoAa,Jr)KaBa B c'bce.qHnTe ,uBopoBe. LUupnnara la e 2,60-2,80

u'
ganageH fioqc or
Cregara e H3tpaAeHa or KaMeHHr4 r.r ryxJleHr4 noqcu. Ha naccro 6ene eAt4H
qerupl4 peAa ryxJIIj t4 JIelJIaTa Ha Ilerl4 pe.n,. Tyxnzre HMar pa3Meplr 0,31 ua 0,31 Ha 0'04 rvr' XO-
poca6'br cbAbp)r{a KGcqera or Harporxenn qepBeHv KepeMI4AIr u ryxlfti. @yrara MexAy peAo'
Bere ryx,rrg e 11;upoKa 0,07 no-Ae6e.na or Ae6eJII,tHara Ha caMlare ryxnu' BcHqrl
u, T. e. rfl e
re3r.t oco6eHocrr4 ca 6e.[er ea KbcHHrr npor43xoA na clyuafino orKpl'lrnq $parrraenr or
Kpenocr-
HaTa cTeHa. Tona e V--VI n. Ha u. e. IlepneHAHKyJIflpHo Ha KpenocrHaTa cTeHa
6nna Otr<pura
CTeHa OT nOMeIIeEI,te, [II4poKa 0,70 nr. fJoueuleunero 6ilIO ,r(oJIeIIeHO AO KpenocTHaTa CTeHa'

floAo6nu cryqau ca I43BecrHI'l or MHolo Apyru aHrHqHu rparoBe'

ZurepecHzre HaxoAKri or I,IxrvMaH H c. Jleutaxau Ha,rlarar s 6lAeule raM Aa ce npo-
BeAaT cHcTeMHH paSKOnKL!,3a Aa ce xB'bpJil4 cBeTII'lHa B'bpxy Heflpoyr{eHla I',I Hel43BecTHI'l AOCera
cennqa n cepAurrzlicKara crparelliq'

lCse,4eguqrasaycrpoficrnoroHapl'lNrcKl'ltn-I,r'['bJlxanafeopru flonon, 6uerl acucreHT npu l4xruvau-

voRra 6larolapnocr.
cKllfl oKontiilcxll wtysefi, [4 Ea ttporoI'Iepefi l]uvl-lrt'p llonon Tyx
t'lNl usKa3BaM
2 K p. M n fl r c B. flpr,raofla KbM cpeIHoBCKoBlIaTa apxeonofaq Ha 6r,,rrapcxure seMu" fHM, 192I, 249 cn,
 KbM KYJITA FIA TPAKWfiTCI<Ufl KOHHI,,IK B NO.II4HATA
HA CPEITIA CTPYMA
AT. MI4JIqEB

/[o.nzHara na p. Crpyr,ra e HrpaJra Biltrla po,rrrr B ApeBHocrra,l Karo e cBbpaBaJra ereri_

cKrrs cBqr c B'brperuHocrra Ha Haruure :eua. perara Crpyna, Hapr.rqana
B ApeBHocrra Crpzlrou,
il Ha a3roK or HeF nraHu]Hara Kyuluzua (l-ltpuapaar) - - aurn.rHuqr flaHreri-ca rscHg cBbp3aHH
c rpaxuticrare MnroBe a cKa3aHl'tfl sa Op0efi, Peaoc n fuonuc.z Tpaxzfrcrcuar Mr4rar{ecKr4
KHfl3
Pesoc e cuH Ha peqHl'itl 6or Crpauoa.ts 3a rparraficrrre Mr4ToBe u KyJrroBe,
c.1"B.rIaAeHH B r,oJri-
Hara Ha l{o'rrua Crpyua, HaMapaMe MHoro cBereHrrr
}r r,peBHure aBTopH, a 3a 3eMure na Cpe4na
Crpyua HxMa floqrfi HuKaKBu lltcMeHr4 cBe,qeHrs"
,[o,lnnara Ha CpelHa Croynra rpe4craBrflBa 3arBopeua o6nacr MexAy Ma.namescxare
B:baBrrueHr.rrr r
OrpaxAeH [JtaHaHa or Banan u flupun or asroK, a or K]r ce aarpaxAa
or be-
Jlacu:0.a r A,rra6oryur. 3evzre Me)KZy
fl,o.rrua a Cpe4Ha Crpl,ua c:a cB.bp3aHH eAHHcrBeHo c
TecH?ls Pyne'rcrra flpoxoA' no xotlro e MIzHaBar BaxeH
tr'br or H]I. Ha ceBep r.r or ceBep Ha rcr.
Blnpexz qe ro3l4 nr,T He e or6e,rqgaH B aHTu qHr..Te urr4 HeHa pvru H nlrHa
xaptu,a rofi e cr,ute-
crByBaJI' 3a Koero roBOpflT HeABycMucneHo apxeonorl4r{ecKrre
HaxoAKH"
B Ao'nzsara ua cpe4Ha crpylaa Aocera He ca npeArpHeMaHu apxeo,roraqecK,
npoyqBaHHfl.
Or raau o6,nacr ca .ra3BecrHt4 Ber{e 4ocra Haxo,4KI,r, Ho Bcr4rtKH ca cnyuafino orr{pl,rrr4
npu o6pa-
6orra na 3eMrrra uJrr4 npu r.r3Ko[Ha crpor.rreJrHa pa6ora.6
B rrxnara cn qacr r,oJrulara Ha Cpe4na Crpyva ce pa3rxapflaa z o6pasyna
o6urupuo none.
Ha 2 r<ttr l43rorlHo or c. My"lerapoBo (6lrnuroro ceno Luap6aaono),
flerpauxo, ce HaMrpa ceAJro-
BI4HHara MecrHocr Koxyx' vao6Horo pa3no,loxeHl,re
Ha ra3z MecrHocr cper rrJroAopoAHara
paBHI4HHa o6lact, Dpopt3BaHa or peKl'tre
Crpyua z crpyn,,eruuqa,6tueoct, nu ra3-
Bopa np, Pynure u c. MapnxocreHoBo, 6lugocrra pyn.r.rrxfl npoxoA l--"rnapaJrH,Te
"L- B roBa e
AaBaJIo B:b3MoxHocr 3a B.bgHHKBaHe Ha roJIf,Mo ce,rlurrle
ApeBHocrra, "."unoIo
3anaseunTe
qacrLI or l(perocrHI4 creHl'l' pa3l(parHre AHec
apxl4Tel(Typer rlocrpolixz, rpaMaAgu KoJroHH u 6oraro
yKpaceHl4 KarIHreJIt, orKpI4THTe BoAonpoBoAnu
tpr6vt a uuoro6poliul.i ruoHerz or III e. 11p. H. e.
Ao IV B. Ha H. e. , Ha4rpo6Hfire rrJror{H, 6uronurenpeAMerr4, op:b,qr4qra Ha rpy,4a,
opr,xr4sra, Ha_
KI4Tare u Apytu Hu ilaBar ocHoBaHrre
Aa cqHTaMe, r;e ryK ce e HaMr4paJr roJrrrM yKpe[eH rpaA.
ApxeonorauecKHTe pa3KonKH 14 npoyrrBaHr.rs IIpe3 lg5g r.
B MecrHocrra ,,Ko)Kyx,, vt
oco6eno oTKpLITHTe tlHrepecHz Marepnarm r4 apxuTeKTypHlr nocrp
ofircn nanrnqo norB'pArrxa
I D' P' Dimitrow' Les stdles iundraites en formedemddaillon
dans lavallde delastrouma moyenne h
l'dpoque romaine. fcytloo, r.XLI, 1944i45, CotDrzn, 1946,6; G" L
K azatow. DieDenkmiilerdesthrakischenReiter-
gottes in Bulgarien. Diss. Pann., Ser. II, fasc. 14,8 cr.
2 D. P. Dimitrow.
U. c.,8.
3 n. n. flurrrurpo n. l4cropuqec*],
Mor,BH B .4paN4ara ,,pesoc,,. fr,A!1,, r<u. X, Co{r.rn, lg3l, 4.
4 A' n' .)! n *r u r p o r. MenarlboH:br Karo uaarpo6er naMerHr4ri B .rloJrr.rHara na Cpeana crpyva npes
pr.{McKara enoxa. Cn. Marce.uoucrr nperneA, r. XII, rs. B, Codts, 1940, 6A.
5 n" n'eves Ky'ur+r n rra Ha Cpe.qHa Crpyr'ra. tr4A14, r. Xlx
(C6opnnx f. 14. Kauapon.
coQur' 1955' 95-109) ;A' n' 4 er'r B-bpxy a'rHri'r,re nagrpo6Hu
ceeepoustouua MaxenoHug' l4AVI,'t
nro* o, pnMcKo BpeMe B
r2-17,34'uctr.; MeAarson'r,r raro ua4rpo6eH naMer'r.rK ,
62-82u c,rr.; G. I. Kazarow. , o6p. Il0"
,
 69

B Ta3LI MecfHOCT cqHraMe' qe ro3l',l yKpeneH

TOBa. Bb3 OCHOBa Ha AOCera oTKpl4TI4te Haxo',u',Kl'l
rpa4 flerpa.l
oT TI4T llusufl,
IpaA Moxe Aa ce oT'bxAecTBI,I cT,C 3acBI,IAeTencTByBaHI,{g Blnpoclr sa
or l' l{' Kaqapon'z
Tona npeg,noJrox(eHl{e 6e zexagaHo 3a np'bB nbT
aI(aA'
or Hac npn ny6auxyBaHe Ha
MecroloJroxeHllero Ha ApeBHI4fl lpaA flerpa ufe 6l4e
pa3lneAaH
npe3 1958 r' B MeCTHOCTTa
pe3yJrraTr4Te OT apxeonolHqecKl{Te pa3KOIII(l{ H npoyr{BaHas "KOXyX"'
B caeAealullre crpaHHIIH HI'Ie lue ce c

MeTHLIK, KOfiro npeAcTaBJlffna QparueHTnpaHa r

x(eHrze ua tparrftcKt4 KoHHLIK. flnotlrara e orKp
1,30 rvr 6nnso Ao Mscroro' KbAero rlpl4 apxeon
Kpr.rro crt,l6zule oT 11 uacuBHI4 cTbIIaJIa'
|I.llo.lKaraeoTqyneHaoTK'bMI.JIaBaTaI{oTK.bM[peAHaTaI{acTHaKOHHI4Ka(o6p'50252). qacT
B cpeAHaTa qaCT 18'5 CM' e Haft-AOIHaTa
3alageuara qaCT I4Ma CrreA'vre pa3Meplz: uapl4Ha
15 cru, a n Hai-rOpHara uacr 9,5 CM; Bucorll4Hara
B cpeAaTa e 16'5 CM' IIpl4 oIIa[IKara Ha
1,6 cu H e o6paruqeH C 0'7 ctvt IxI{pOKa
KoH'{ l0 cu; Ae6e.luua 1,1 cvr; pe.neQlr e BacoK
u,!

O6p. 51. O6parrara crpaHa Ha nrloqKara

O6p. 50. fnunena nnoqKa c peaeQ na rpaKuficru t<oHHllK

MaJIKn npHMecI4 oT flectql4lt<u' Vls-

paMKa. flnOqxara e lapa6OreHa oT AO6pe [per]I4cTeHa IflI4Ha C qacr
3B'bHJlI'le rOs' B orqyneHaTa
rrxqaneTq e MHOto AO6pO -- npz qyKaHe flIoqKaTa vg1aBa
qepBeHO-KepeMI4AeH Kr,M O6paTHaTa CTpaHa H JII'lMOHeHo-qepBeH
Ce pa3rpaHldqaBaT ABa UBqTa -
qepBeHo-KepeMHAeH IlBqr' Blpxy Hen .ltur{ar
xtria pe.leQa. O6parnata crpaHa IlMa HaBctlK'1,.4e
Ha paMKara I{ Ha Al'taroHanl{re' B'b3
fupazlu 1,2 cvt, npoKapaHll c npbcr (o6p. 5l) 11o Rporex(eHue
6pael!!, Ha KOHTO e 3afla3eHa npecer{HaTa TOqKat MOX(eM Aa
yCTaHOBI'IM
OCHOBa Ha AxaroHa.nurre
CTpaHa 26 cna u c"5c
Ha caMara nJIOqKa. Ts e 6rzla KBaApaTHa' CbC
Qoprraara rd roqHnTe pa3Meplt
3ao6flenr.1 btJln. OT pene@a JlI4ncBaT ropHara
r{acr Ha egAaqa (or rp'rcra Harope) H rlpeAHara
qacr Ha KoHs.
lpenaCaH npe3 Kpbcra
Kouur.lxtr, lpenycKaI]I HaAtIcHo, e O6neqeH C K.bC' BepofiTHo
xr.rroH, cr.tJlHo HaAxIIJIeH 14 B AoJIBara cH
qacr 3aB'bpIUBa[l c'bc 3i4l3aroo6pa3Ha JIl4HLls' rI c xra-
MHAa, OT KorrTo ce BIlxAa CaMO pa3BeTiluT Hagal AoneH xpaft' O6yr
e c 'leKu HucK'1l o6yBKI4 -

1T. Livl. XL, 22,23; l. i4" KaqaPoB, n. ,[ eqe B r,t ap, l4sropu :a crapara hcroplls u reo-

rpaQnr na Tpaxral u MareAontrs. CoQnn, 1949, 157'

21. n. gaUapoB, n. AeqeB I.t ap. U. c., L77, sa6. 73.
 70

caHr'arw' npHBbp3aHl'r c KawuKlI. 3a ce,[.no My cJly)ril.] e,uHo HaMeraJo

c 4.rn6orcu r6Hr(Iz, ykpa-
ceHo B npeAHara n 3a\Hara qacr c MaJIKII KpblLlera.
Or ronq e 3ana3eHo TyJIoBnIIIero cbc
3a,qHare KpaKa orrbHaTn, a npeAHLrre uBAvtHarI4 B MoMeHT
Ha cxox. flcuo e noAr{epraH H no_
'7roBl.qr 6e'ner' 3aA xoHq e vao6paeeHa MarKa qoBe[rKa
Szrypa HaArcHo n 6rpso ABax(eHue c
nporelHara AflcHa pbKa K'bM r:oJltara ollalxKa. l'laeara e orr]yneHa.
Ha rcp6a Jlr,rr{s HflKaKBo
HaMeraJIo' vroxe 6n xraMn!,a, Kot{To orKphBa orqacrr rff.Iloro, fIoA xoss lzua 6xraulo
Kyqe H
nOA Helo 3MI'ls' oT KOtlTo e Sana3eHa caMo 3aAHaTa IIaCT
Ha TffJIoTo C oIaUlKaTa. B 4o.lHua lRn
'bl'b'Il ce BHx('(a HtKaKBo pacreHI4e, uoxe 6z
ceAMoJtltcrHo MacJrr,rr{eHo KJroHqe, B.L,px'br Ha Koero

O6p.;:52. Pr.rcynra Ha rutoqKara

AOCTH|a ,{o MatKaTa qOBemKa QHrypa 14 Io OrarUKara Ha xOns. Hafi_IOJrHaTa qaCT Ha nJroqKaTa
e yKpaceHa c BbtrHr{cTa ilvH4tr LI MaJrKkt po3eTKr.i.
Pe.rrerfHoro H3o6pal*eHue Ha K.HHHKa ce orJri4gaBa crc cBor{Ta Mrroro
4o6pa uspa6orxa.
@opuure ca rperapaHr4 flcHo H aHaroMr.lqHo enpuo. Br,n
Qzrypara Ha KyqeTo LiMa roJIffMO
.4BHX{eHr{e.
Karro e H3BecrHo' o6pounHre TIJIOITKH c uso6paxeuue Ha tpat<uitcrcna 6or-xonnax
ca
uafi-paanpocrpaHeHllre z nafi-xaparrepH?rre rparraficxu naMerHuilg
B Harrrre seuz, .l.esu [./roqK,
o6arHogeHo ca MaJIKII no pa3MepI'I a ca aapa6oreHu or MpaMop,
RapoBr4K, a [o-prrAr(o or r,rl.tHa.r
I'1 rlruo roBa IIocJIeAuo o6crosrertcrBo flpr4AaBa oco6eHo 3Hr:i'reHve
Ha Hotsoor*pr4Tr4, r,rruHeH
peaer| c nao6paxeHue Ha rpaxuficrru KoHHr.iK. l1p'r lora roil e e4uncrBeHafir
3acera no3Har or
To3H BaA tJrHHeH pe,rre@, xofiro e noKpHT c t,lleq.

1G. I. Kazatow. Denxmdler. 4.

 7l

Orxpnrrre npes i883 r. s MnxarinoBrpaA (MonraHa) 10 KaJItna sa uslr:a-

rJII{HeHra
BaHe Ha o6pouau pe.ueQHa nJroqKH c o6paaa Ha pa3nI{uHLI 6oxecrnal He
Morar r,a Hn nocny)I(ar
ga a*alrotusc Halxara peneQna nJroqKa, rroHexe re ca KaJrbrrv ga v3ItHBaHe Ha MeTaJIHH pe,reQnn
nJrorrKu, I{ To He ua rpaxuitcrus 6or-xoHHraK, Ho Ha Apytt{ 6oxecrea. Tegv rnuneP,n KaIrbflH
LlMar MHoro MaJrKr4 pa3Mepa B cpaBHenr{e c pa3tnex 4alarape,rreQra llrolrKa. XyAoxecrnenuxr
crI,rJI Ha resz pe.reQun rrrlHena nJtorrKr-r-Karbna ce pa3rliqaBa or ro3u Ha Halttl4l
rpaxuficru
KoHHrrK. Or rgx caMo eAHa e c uso6paxeHHe Ha eAHHLIqeH KoHHI4K' Ho I'I
Ts ce pa3rl{qaBa rBbpAe
M'oto nronorpaQcKg or Halrrara, OcseH roBa re ca Aeno Ha pl{McKoro [poBI4HuI'IarHo 3aHatlr'
quftcro HsKycrBo x B Trrx Bt4)KAaMe orpa3en penrtllo3en cHHKperH3bM. B resu nrotlKu-KarG[Ill
Mox{eM Aa BuAr.rM BJIHrrHHero Ha Kynra r4 l,rKoHorpaQcrun o6paa na rparcuftcxua
6or-xoHHux npH
pa3Br4Tgero Ha penr4traoaHnrr ct4HKperlrgbM. Taxa uanplarraep orKpHTI{Te n'lnoro6poftnu
o6povnu
rrJroqKr.r c o6pasa na rpaxnficxHq 6ot-xoHHL4K B Musuq ca nocnyxllnl',I 3a MOAen flpu floflBaTa u
pa3Br.rrl.lero Ha uafi-panuate pe.leQu Ha AyHaBcKHTe KoHHI'IIIH'
lnraneun Qraryplr Ha esAaq n ca orKpt4"tu v g 6eoraficrz rpo6one,2 o6aqe teeh Qurypn
ce pagiruqaBar rBbpAe Muoro or pe,neQnvn o6pae ua rparvlftcrHr KollHIirK, uso6paaen Ea Ha[Iara
III4HEHA TIJIOqKA.
Haft-6ttugrca aHanornfl Ao pa3tnexAaHr{s or Hac rruHeH peaeQ npeAcraBJIsBaT rpn
Qparrr,reura or rJrr45enr{ nJloqKr.r c
aeo6paxelns fia rpaxtftcxna KOHHHK, aepa6otenn Ha KaII1ott u
or*prt" npee lgll r. e MecrHocrra t{yxypon nprx (Cpe4na ropa) Ha oKoJIo 5 rIia sanaAHo or
c. Bunorpa4eu (Kaparvrycal), flasap4xzuro.s Tpnre Qparuenra ce pa3nI4qaBar or Hallara
ItIHHeHa peaeQna nrorrKa IIo roBa, qe He ca [oKparI,I c fJleq I4 ca MHolo no'MaJIKI4 uo pa3Meplz'
Te ca orKpr{TH 3aeAHo c rJrllHeHH cbAoBe z 6poueonu pI,IMCKI'I MoHerH or BpeMero na Kos-
CTaHTHH Be.laru n BaneHtUuval, flOpa4a KOeTO Ce H OTHaCST KbM IV
n' Ha H' e'
I4gsecrHrare pe.rreQr,r ta tpaxuitcrss 6or-xonHuK, orKpnrll B HauIHre seun, I' Z. Kaqapog
noApa3Aens IIa rpI,I rpyflIa: l) rpaxzlicxiaa 6or-ronsnx Karo e3Aaq' 2) xaro e3Aaq'noBell, trP-
rlycKaul cpe[y AHBeq, u 3) es4au-JloBeq, KOftrO Ce BpbIrIa ot roB'a
Or ecaqr1a [aMerHr]ql4 Ha rpaxuficruq 6or-xouHLIK rloqrn 500/0 ce orHacrr KbM BTopara
rpyaa" Kru neg rpx6na .u,a orueceM u pa3rnexAaHl{fl tneA}I(ocaH IJII4HeH pelreQ or Mecrltocrra
,, Koxyxu.

EgAaqtr-noBeU npecneABa AHBeqa (r.nuran u.rtn ctpna), npnApyxeH or eAHo IrrI4 noBeqe
Kyqera, a HepsAKo B HeroBa floMorq ce flBrBa LI JI6B'br. B trouorpaQnrra na Hal]rr4fl pe.leQ
ocBeH ycragoBeHara cxeMa (loneqa, Kyqero Ir BeporrHo AuBeqa H xepteeuura) ryK ca 3a-
u HsKoH eJleMeHTri, Kouro ce cpeuar no-psAKo: rlpuApyxaBalqara Qrrypae3acraHaJla 3aA
'a3eHHH OCO6eHO guuflTa'
KOHfl
vleo6pazeuara Qurypa Ha npncJry)rcHaK 3a4 e3Aaqa, Abp)Kaq onaluKara Ha KoHt' ce
cpeqa qecro B ,*ono.pu4"tlra Ha rpaxHftcxnre KoHHt4IlrI v Ha rptre lpy[rl pe'rreQu'6 Perdizet
t]OBerrrra Qzrypa, HaMI'IpaUa Ce 3aA xonsnKa"o
AaBa [pueMILIBO O6qCHeHI4e Ha 'fa3l4
Llso6paannaHero Ha 3MLrq floA KoHHr{Ka, HarIporI4B, ce cpeua MHoro
pffAKo. 3usgra
n.b/t3n no fiocoKa K.bM xeprBeHr4Ka, xofiro e bruynen. flocera
ca H3BecrHH caMo ,[Ba raKuBa
pe.rleQa oT HaIrrHTe 3eMr,r: Ea rpaxuficru KOHHHK OT C. KapallceHr ceuqoscro,l
n Ha tpaxufi'cuu

r [4e' BeJIKoB. Ilpuuoc K'bM r.rcropr4flra Ha peJlurltlraEa Mhslts" l,1Al4, t. XIV, 1940-1942,Co$un' L943,
183-189, o6P. 247-259; G' I. Kazarow, Ein neues Denkmal zum Kult der Donaulandischen Reiter' Pisciculi,
146 u cr., ta6.rr" Vl1.
I Wiesner' Fahren und Reiten in Alteuropa und im alten Orient, 1939, 47; G" Kaz^row. RE,

VI, A, 479 u cg'

3 r. Kauapog. Aurnqgtl IIaNIeTHfiI.lt1 tle 6r'nrapnr. VAn, t" V, Cosza,
t4. 1915, 12 r 13, o6p. 8-a, 6, a;
l4A,U,, r. II, CoQun, l9I2' 285.
J C. I' Kazat ow. Die Denkmiiler' ", 5-9'
: llar tatt, 6.
o P. P er diz e t. RA, 1904, I, 23.
? C. I. Kazar ow. Die Denkmtiler..., r' II, o6p' 252'
 72

KoHHlrK or f,nana flauera.l Tq ce cpeua o6a,le z B r.tKoHor.paQzrra h Ha

cculoro ro'roxeHHe' Hanpl'lMep n pe,rre0r'rre xa 3enc u Xepa Apytvr 6oxecrea e
Ha 3eec or c' Konr'[oBIIa' Klocrengnrcro,s
or c, Cyxarue, Ee.noc.raruHcKo,2 l.t
a cbnlo n Ha 3esc or c. llacxaJreBerl, Trpuoecro.a
Haaa'{Hero Ha gMLIflTa' trp'ApJ'xasarua K.HHHKa B
HeroBr,rr ycrpeM Ka,M IIeJITa, cro'
BbB Bp'b3Ka cbc cMecBaHero Ha r:paxuficran xepoc
c 6or Acr.nenr.rfi. flopaAr{ roBa ire rrr4HeHur{r
pe"reQ e orl(plzr n 6nplaocr c MLIHepa.IIHrrre HBBopil
flpu MecrHocrra,,pynare,,fi c, MapnxocreHoao,
Moi+(eM Aa npeAno/JaraMe' rle rr e [ocBereHa
Ha 6or Acr.telafi. 3vusta ce sBqBa n pe,neea
poflr'o Karo Bb[JIbueHI4e Ha caM.r' 6or vtnu Karo B'brI/IbIrIeHHe ne-
Ha Ayurara Ha xepo'Bl1paHrrn
M'bprBerl. OrrNAecrnflBaHero Ha 3Marrra c
Ayurara Ha yMpenxq cnope,4 f. Kaqapor HaMupa
HBpa3 y l:bpql4Te B no-cerHeluHI4tl Kyar
Ha xepoHTe, ror?To, KaKTo e r,I3BecrHo, e 6r.t
ruHpoKo
n Tpaxus'' Bu,r:nulesnero Ha Ayrxara B
ili::Tffi:" " 3Mr.rnra ce r43pa3rrBa no narr-pae-

flpa
paaraexAaHe Ha B:bnpoca 3a oQopuane
o6nuxa ra rpaxuficKr.rs xepoc [. fieven
H3T'bKBa' qe 6orlr-aoBell 6laa cBbp3aH c KoHfl H ToBa craHaro a
o6.racrra Me)r(Ay .(o.rlHoro
re.re'I4e ua p' crpyMa 17 Ha p. Mapaqa, Kr,Aero
ce ,rroKa,/Jr43'par nereHA're Ba pesoc u
MeN4y KoMno3HIlI4rra ua pe'ueQa Ha KoHHHKa-noBerI n o6paea nnoue^.1
aa Mr,r'qecK,fl rpaxuftct<u zna-
Aere,rl Pesoc, B'bsnflT or Onrrzp, I-lun4ap z Enpunrz4, MoxeM
Aa orKpfieM roJrrMa o6qsocr.8
v rpal(r'tre Ha 6ora-'rroBeu c KoHs noAqepraBa xroHru*" rparcnfi,cxun
ff:?:"lX?o "rpu*;;; ",
orxpznaueto Ha lJll4HeHara pe.neQHa rroqKa c o6pasa
Ha rpaxaficKrrs B KoHHHK-,rroBerl
Ao'rHHara Ha cpe4Ha crpyua nrBa ra norB:bp.4[r rxt4poKoro pa3'pocrpaHeHr4e Ha
xuhcr<ns 6clr"rclHulzr 14 B 'fe3, o6,racru. HsxagaHoro Kynra Ha l.pa-
Mrerr4e or {. {eueB, qe B Ao,rrrzHara Ha
Cpe4Ha Clpynra e 6r.r,r pasrpocrpaHeH noBerJe
Ky,,rra,r Ha Apren,ra4a, orKoJrKoro rofl na lpaxari_
CKI'J' xepoc' He e llpueMJIHBo'e 'l'agl lJtu'eHa IlJIotrKa
e 6una uspa6orera Ha KaJl:bII, a roBa HH
HatsexAa Ha Mnc.bIITa, rle TaKuBa trJloqKr_r ca
dunu tpor43Bex,qana MacoBo Karo AeJIo Ha xy.4o_
xeCTBeHOTO 3aHnlne y TpaKUTe.
naxro H Benrzra no4 o6pasa na Apreua;1a ce oQoprr,rar
n Mexry Crpynra u Mapurya. O6a,re rpaBr.rrrHo ce noA_
Karo
:U:^::"
o B obnacrra Ha Crpyva r Mecra (ntr N n Tacoc)
"
6 JroBHara
BuHarrI Karo reulexoAKa, n Muarg u Tpaxut
cl'lr'lIHo pa3npocrpaHeHl'Is raM Kynr Ha xepoc-KoHHITK
noA Brrr,rflHae Ha
(.10
Ttt npt4eMa B peAuqa o6pounu nJlorr*n u
oSpasa Ha e3,UaqKa
ro'rluara qacr Ha IJII{HeHara peleQna nJIoq*a e op'aMeHTxpaHa c
po3erl{14' Poaerxara Karo opHaMeHT e B'bJrHr,rcra Jil4*Lrfl u
unpoKo pa3npocrpaHeHa [pe3 p{Mc*ara er]oxa, oco6euo
B KepaM,Kara terra sigillata,rl a cbtuo r,r Brrpxy rJrr4HeHHTe
cbAoBe, flor(pHrr.r c r,req.
1 C. I. K azato u.. Die Denkmiiler..., r. ll, o6p. 1g5.
" UAA, t. lII, 42, o6p. 35.
qapo 8' cserarrKtrre rra 3eeca u Xepa npn Konz,ronqu, Kr'rcres;lv,rcxo.
oup. ,3, .,.u:rl.'*#;r,X: r4AA, r. I\', 105,
1 tHM, t. I, 170, o6p. 139 u 2lT.
51. 11. Kauapos. AHr.uqHra
naMerHr.luu Ns Er,lrapun. VIAIJ, r. \/, Co4rug,
rj K ri s t e r' Die schlange 1glb, 16.
in der griech. Kunst und'ReligionlRcligionsgesch. versuche,
ts. Kauurep. XanorHoe B a'rl.rrHor) u conpelreHHoil SIII, 2),62 n ct.;
pecreHrJh ,r xllBorHbrx ts /lpeBHofl fpeuHu, 2gg.
cl,csspyn.-Kuca, lgll, I55; Kar.apoB. Kyrr rferr.rurell
7
A' il' e v e n' TparcaficKlter xepoc xaro 6or' .,roaeu. cnriAll, ru. LXX, coQzn, 1g45,
Perd rizet. Cultes et nrythes du pang6e, 1910, l, 2g.
B 1g7--lgg.
sa Aprevuaa u oZn"t'.u ra cpeqna crpvua. LiAw,
Kauapoa,;f,, ffi;irr[lffi' t'. Xrx, c(rop'ux rarpnr
10 n. n e v e a. Ky,rl.rr
Ha ApreNruqa. . ., g9.
r1 0' F r i t s c h' Romenische
Gefiisse :rus Terra sigillata von Ricgrr ,rrr ri:riserstLrhl.
ra6n. Iu II;ctr. Si.onctt. Tes.sincrGrliberielrler. hser,l94r,ra6,r. Karrsruhe, 1g10,
15, o6p. 1,2,s, 10, lJ; R. J. char-
1 e s t o n. Romen pottery. London,
25, rt6p. 29_a, 2g, o6p 39_6.
 73

Moruntr Ha pacTeH14e aau k.[ou,{e or MaCJII4Ha B AoJIHxfl JInB 'bl'bJI na o6po'llaTa ILIIOT{Ka
ce cpeqa qecro B'bpxy rnuHeHr4 c'L,AoBe, oco6eHo B'bpxy terra sigillata or pl'lMcKa'la enoxa.l
Toeu opxaueHT e xapaKTepeH H 3a |JTHHeHH CbAOBe, noKpLtTLt c TbMHO3eJIeHa lJleq Ii oTHacqul4
ce K'bM Ta3I,I e[OXa.
l.nuueuara o6pouHa pefle@Ha rrJroqKa e noKpHTa c'bc cBerJIa aeleHo-raQrBa rJleq. 3a npla
n.br ce orKpr{Ba y nac o6pouna peleQna n,tor{Ka Ha rpaxtftcKa KoTIHHK, noxpl{ra c rneq. l.rleqra
npI4.UaBa Kpacora na pe.teQa. B llecruocrta ,,Kox{yx" ToqHo B TagH
qacr, KbAero e 6r.la or-
KpHTa tngHeuara pe.leQHa rrJror.lKa, ca HaMepeHH Aocela MHolo KepaMuqun rIpoH3BeAeHIits, TIoKPHTH
c'bulo c rbMgo3eJreHa rreq.2 3aeAuo c re3u Qpalruenrn or KepaMHKa cbc 3eJIeHa rJleq ca orKpI'ITIt
H eAr4H xpoMen r,r HrrKoJrKo MoHerr.r or III-IV B. Ha H. e. 3eneHara tJleq B pLIMcKara KepaMI'IKa ce
rrosBrrBa 3a np:bB l'br npe3 III-IV B.Ha H. e.,3 o6a,le eBnuzxuslrlsrorc, Ma.rra Asus rs ce floaBsBa
oue npe3 I a. np. u. e.a
.[,ocera ca r43Becr5r.r or Hatuure 3eMlr HaA 1400 nanreruura, cBbp3anl,l c Kynra Ha rpa-
xuitcxun xepoc. Bcnvxz resla peneQH ce orHacflr K'bM pl{McKara efloxa (ll-lV e.).6
Bpaa4nre, [paBeHr,r c rp'bcTr.r, KonTo orr(pljBaMe no TyxnHTe oT K'bcHoptlMcKaTa efloxa
qll-lv n.), ca noAo6ut Ha re3n or o6pouHara pe.leQna rlIHHeHa nJIoqKa no o6paruara i crpaua,
ga KoHTo Ber{e ce cnoMeHa rro-rope. Epae4ure B'bpxy ryxnare cburo Morar ra Hu nocflyx(ar
Karo Aarr4poB.bqeH Marepr{an sa o6povnara pe.reQua nflosKa. Tesu 6pasar4 Btpxy IIJIoqKara noA-
cga3Bar, ue peae$tr c o6paaa Ha rpaxnficKarr KoHHIIK e 6ut npHKpe[BaH Llpe3 xopocaH uJtH
Apyta cnofira KbM creHa. Bts ocHoea Ha Bct4qKI,r re3fi .u,aHHH MoxeM Aa orHeceM 14 Ha[Iara
rd'rHHeHa IIJtoqKa x,t'rta III-IV s.
O6pouurare tJrHHeHI4 pe.neQuu nJlo.lKn, KaKTo r.r MpaMopHHTe ca ce npoH3Be)r(AaJa or
oduxuoeenu :.JaHar{Tr+4r,r, nocpeACTBeHu naaticropra, B c[etu4a.nnn pa6orarHuqa,6 HaMHpaua ce B
6nusocr Ao cBerr.rnuqal'a, Koero e ,u,aBa,ro B'b3Mo)KHocr Ha 6orouo.rteua npe3 BcrKo BpeMe Aa
cH AocraBr{ pe.rrerln c )KeJlaHoro or Hero nao6paxeHne.? Tpa6ea ,u,a ce oqaKBa, qe B ApeBHL's
rpaa flerpa (r MecrHocrra ,,Koxyx") e c'bruecrBynalapa6oru,nnI4IIa3a o6povtrn rroqKn H 3a
KepaMaqHI4 rlpou3tseAeHufluR 6nnsocr Ao ro3r., rpaA ce HaMI,IpaJIo I4 cBerl4fluurero Ha rpaxaficruza
KoHHr4Kr xofiro e 6n,r roIl4TaH rato uaft-Ao6put u gerzr 6or.

1 Fl. G o s c. (lef2isstypen cler rtiutisclten Kcramik im Rheinland, 1950, ra6,r. 1.

J Marepua.lu'r'e or MecrHocl'ra ,,KoNyx" ca rteny6.,rarytautl.
:r R. L Chrrleston. lI. c., 31.
rR. I. Charleston. U.c.,24, o6p.rri"tctp.24.
5 G. l. K a z a r o w. Die Denkm[ler ..., 4.
ii (i, I K,:zar o w. Die Denkmd1er..., 4; peueu:rr or A" fl. Ihnnrpoe, cn. Ponnra, an. lV, I938139, i90"
; (1. l. Krzarow" Die Denkmiler,..,4,
1i) ApxeororDs, xa. l-2, 1959
 NPOYqBAHE B MECTHOCTTA,,APTATOBO", NPECJIABCKO
UB. APEMCI43OBA

Mecrnocrra nApt-atono" rexr{ I't3TouHo or rp. flpec.nan H ce Rpocrrlpa MexAy p. Karr,r-

uua (THva) fi lrlocero flpec.rrar lparoeeo orB'bA Mocra. Tr e .{acr or eAHo ecrecrBeHo B.l3-
BII[IeHIlte c HaKJI0H KbM peKara. - 3acaAeHa e npeAr.rMno c Jro3fl. flpea 1952 r. ra3r4 rrJtoul ce
BKJIIoqBa B 3eMnl4lqero na TK3C a flpeclan s orue cbxlara ro,qflHa 3HasrirreJrna
lracr or Hes ce
peronBa aa .rloer' flpn I{3KofIHItre pa6ora n 6snurara HHBa Ha Btlrc
Crosuos Eoaypo" 6pura-
AHpH?e HaMHpar )KeJIe3HIl IIpeAMerI.r, KoHTO CBOeBpeMeHHO rrpeAaBar n flpec.larcxnn uyeefl.
Vne,qoueua 3naqnre.rrno rro-K.bcHo 3a ra3h HaxoAKa, ornAox
.qa npoBeps MscroTo- flo
npgcHo o6pa6oreuara 3eMr{ ce Bu)Kr,axa np.bcHaru Muoro
Qparrirenra or pr"a*" KepaMHKa
(ryx.rrH, KepeMr.,qr.r r.r roJIsMo uso6urue or ctAoee). B cauypa, xor?ro orAenrrme no3ero
or Heopa_
Hara Ha Ior HI'IBa' 6axa crpynalv KaM'bHu. Brpxy rsx Jluriaxa cneAu or 6g.a xopocag, yr(a3a-
HHe, qe [pox3xo)r(AaT oT paSpyrrleHr.r 3r,rAoBe.
3a o6croqreJlcrBara, rrpa Kor{To ca HaMepeHr4 upeAMerr{re, MCrN(ax Aa nonyqa cneAnr{Te
A0IIbJIHUTeJIHfi cBeAeHfiq: pa6orunu na 4t.u6ovuna or 0,40 --: 0,50 v, I,Is nprcrra Hzrru3anu
x'bcoBe or c'bAoBe' a Ha eAHo l,rqcro 6arlz crpyrlaHl4 Ha Kyn )I(erte3nl..r eeqnBa"
B ctce4crao
JIHqeJIIc cile[u or oI'HI'l[Ie, n3II'bJIHeHo c BrbI'JIeHI4 14 llefle.n. Ha uecra
orKpl,Inu eAH HHrtHLr KaM-bHu
3a clu{ecrByBaHero Ha ceJll4ure cJreAoBareJrHo r{Mame oqeBL{AHr.r
@axra"
flpee ant'ycr c:burara toAHHa HafipaB,x rpr4 couAax a ,- eru, B Jro3ero H
ABa ugB,bH
Hero c {en .qa ce uSscHrIT Ht{Kol4 no4po6noc't'H oKoJIo c,nyvaftrro orKpnTara HaxoAKa H Bpe-
-
MeTpaeHeTO Ha xHBOTa B ceJJr.{qeTO.
couaax I ce HalpaBH B ugl'oqHal'aqacrHa JIoBero c.ocoKa ceBep--on Ha
Abn)KHHa
l0 u n ul4pl4Ha 2,50 n (o6p.53).3a y,4o6craonpu pa6orara coH4ax.br ce pasAenrd Ha qerupH

O6p,53. ConAax N! I c oc.rasru or paspyuera 3eMnrHKa

xBaApara' Ha ru6oquua 0145 M MexAy KB. oa' h ,6n ce ltotraAHa ua cnoft oT, qepBeHa rrprci.
(A),
KoflTo ee npocrupa[Ie Ha AT'I)I{HHa 3 lr, a unp?IHara Mv ugnaiarue r,r3B:bH paMr(rrc Ha
coHAa)I(a.
llpr paevucrBanero ce orxpnBaxa oB:brJleHu rpeAx, neueJr 14 K.bcoBe or Ma3HJixa. B noc.,reAnzre
ficHo JlHilaxa rfle3Aa Iia li3rHnJIH rlpbrti c Ar.iaMer:bp oKo.rlo 3 crrr u orfleqarbrltr oT cnaMa,
 75

B c:t,ce,u,crso ce [onaAHa ira rpaAex or peqnr.r KaMbHI,r (ronerran n MarKH, cMeceHI4 c

KbcoBe or ryxnu 14 KepaMHAn), rouro oQopnaar HenpaBHJIHa nJIoIIraAKa cbc crpann 0,85 na
0,70 ru (E). Ha Mecra orrope Jrrrqerue o6ropnla Ma3r,rJrxa. Bce ryr ce sa6eaqsaxa ocraHKH or
orHgrrle (B), nsnt.nueno c Ae6en nJracr rrefleJl. B uero ce HaMeplxa QparueHrn or rupne. Or
Hacr{na npor,3xo)r(AaT r{Apyfh qacrH oT rbpHeTa 14 Kocrlr oT eAbp r.r 4pe6en Ao6nrtx.
Con4ax II ce HaMr.rpa ua20rvt roxHo or coHAa)KInnnea, KoflTo npeAcroeue
c.bnlo Aa ce peronBa 3a Jross. Koua ce Ha At.n6oqnHa Ao 3ApaBa llp'bcr (0,55 ru), 6ee 4a ce
HaMepqT KaKBI'!TO n AA e KynTypHIt ocTaHKI',I.
C o H,q a x III 6eure npoxapan ua 25 M 3auaAHo 01' coHAa)K l a naoura Ha HoBoro
nose. l4Marxe pa3Mepr4 8 na 2,50 vr. Or nprcrra H3JIe3e caMo KepaMr,rKa, xapaKrepHa 3a pHM-
cKara enoxa: 15 QparMeHra or ryxnx, 19 rrca or KepeMlitAll,4 4ptxru or arraQopn,8 Hacrr
or rraHHrIH. Hlreoro Ha 3ApaBI4s rIJIacr ce noqBI'I ua Aln6oqnna 0,60 rrl.
Haxo4xllte, HaMepeHI4 npu petonBaHero Ha ./ro3eTo, KaKTO I4 Te3H rlplt pa3KonKI4Te I]Ie
pa3rneAaMe cto6pasuo rflxHoro npeAHa3HalleHne.

L Cequea

1. Mor14Ka BbB Qopua ua panuo6e,a,peH rpane(. Ocrpl{ero e. npatbneHo (o6p. 54,2).

pasruepu: lrripr4Ha B ocHoBara 20 cna, AtJIxHHa 19 cru. B ropuan xpali santplubK:br e BbB BLIA
Ha napaneJreflnneA c oTBOp B CpeAaTa 3,5 cna 3a nocraBflHe Ha A'bpBeHa Apbx(Ka. cxo4ua vro-
Tr.rKH [por.t3xox,4aT Or lOlsrtrata ueuePa npE c. Ma4apa, KoaapOerpa,4cKo, I'l ca AaTI4paHH Or
pr,rMcKO Speue.l
2. Jle u e x. I'Inna
Br{A Ha pasno6e4pen rpI,I-
'bruflHlrK crc crpaHa 2lctrl,
ocuoBa 17 cu n Bl{coqllrna
2t cm (o6p.54,/). B cpe-
AATa e no-nJl'breH I,I Ce
o6pasyna p'b6, a KbM
Kpar{uaTa ce I{3T'bHflBa t:?--
Ot ocsosar,
"gn"ga
ua-' ---/.--7t
--
rr.rprpr6ecra ApGxI(a,
,qcJrra 77,5 cu, Kolro 3a-
Kpr{BsBa noA npaB 'brbn.
B nes e BMbKHara rpr.rBna
(anaruerprE 5 u4 cn'r), na-
noJr3yBaHa 3a npHTflraHe
Ha JreMexa K'bM panoTo.
3. "rleMex, Ha-
n6JIHO CXOAeH Ha npeA- O6p. 54. ,rharapu ll MorHKa
xoAHrrrr (o6p. 54,3). l4va
finpnla 18 cnl, A'bllt<r4la 26 cww crpaHa 27 cu. Brpxrr e orqyneH. flptxxara e ,4bJlra 19 cu,
a rpHBHara c AHaMerpLr 5,5 na 7,5 cu. Jlerrrexu, no,4o6Ha Ha ropeon[eaHlrre, ca I{3BecrHIr or
c. Bafi,nooo, CoQuftcxo, ri or c. ,Ilnra6po4, Bpa,raHcro,z onpeAeneHn Karo pHMcKIl.
4. Crprr c A'bn)Knsa 47 cM r4 rxr{p}rna Ha ocrpr.Iero 3,5-4 cu (o6p. 55,1). VIma cnrflo
r.l3Br.rT'a A'broBHAHa Qopnna. Kyxara KoHycoBHAHa c orBopeHl{ Kpal{qa BTyJIKa (lura 15 em)

1 P. fl o n o e. Marepua,ru or pa3roRKflre lrpe3 1931-1935. C6. Maaapa, II, 67, o6p. 103 A u B"
t Xp. BaKape.rcxl.r. Crapr 3eMeAencKlr eeuuea, fHM, VI, 1932-1934, 426, o6p.270,27r, 427.
 'i6

croH fioqrH lepneH,qHl(ynqpflo KbM ocrplaero. B ocnosaTa Ha BTynKafa e npo6ura

AyrrKa, B
Kosro ce e flocraBrn rnoe4eft 3a npal(peflBaHe Ha ,4'bpBeHa apb)r(Ka. Brpxtr e orr{yreH.
5. Crpn, no4o6en Ha npe.4xol.Hvtfl, Abnbr 81 cu, ApbxKara 2B,b cu 6Ap. SS,Z1.
6. ClpII c A'bn)I(usa 29 cnr (o6p. 55,4),cya6aeH c ruarr (10 cu), xofiro ce e rocraBrJr
B AtpBeHa .[pbx(Ka' Blrperunara crpaHa e MHoro n3xa6eua u nhncBar qacrrl or ocrp?rero.
Crpnrr e cqyneu Ha ,48e.
7. C'upII' AtJIbl 18 crra c ortlyneH aprx (o6p. 55,5). Ocrprero B .{oJrgara cu qacr no-
creIIeHHO Ce H3T',bHsBa, SaBLIBA IIOA rlpaB 'bt"bJI u rlpeMr.rHaBa B IIr4rI,
A.bJr.br lo,5 cv.
8. Ctpfi, rro ycrpofi-
cTBO aHaJlorr4qeH Ha ropeonuca_
uure (o6p.55,3), 3anaseHa e.qorr-
Hara qacr; Abn)KaHa 19 cu.
Ctpnone or ro3r4 BH.q
ce cpeqar r{ ApyraAe.l
9. Kocep c A.bJDKuHa
34 cn,t u rtt4pl:r.a Ha ocrpllero
4 cu (o6p. 55,6). B:opxrr rrocre-
n c,ra6o ganz-
rreHHo lagrbHflBa
aa uaatrpe. B 1orrlua r<palZ
3aBbp[rBa c KoHycoBr.lIHa 0T_
BOpeHa oT eAHaTa CrpaHa BTyJr-
xa (9 crr,t) 3a .qrJpBeHa Ap6xKa.
B ocHosata e 3ana3eHo tBo3-
4eriueto, nocpeACTBoM Koertl
O6p. 55. C'upnoae r. Kocep rfi
ce e rrpuKpefiBara. floao6-
Hr4 C'bprroBe ca u3BecTria [r oT
Ipyrr{ Mecra. TesH, xotlto lpou3xoxAar or Ma4apa, ca nafi,-6lru3Kx ro Ha[rare r.r ce AarHpar or
pHMCKO apet'1e.2
10. tr4n cr p y M e u r (rtpnoron), crctaeeH or ABe r{acrr4, pa3Jrr.rqHn ilo rpeAHagHaqeHr4e
(o6p. 56,1). flo-xtcara crpaHa e n'tocKa r orBecna H KaKTo r.r3rJrexAa, e cJry)cira 3a orcuqaHe.
flo-gurara qacr e nJrocKa, paanrvtpeHa, c.na6o
HSBKTA H 3aBbprxBa c xopH3oHTanHO OCTpr.re.
O6ur" A'brnKHHa 32 cna, ur4pr4Ha Ha ocrpr,rero
8 cu, 4lauerbp Ha Aynxara 5-4 cna. Han-la-
HO CXOAeH uHcrpyMeHr e HaMepeH rrpH pa3-
KottKare Ha pfiMcKoro ceJluure 4o c. Cenapena
6anr, Craxre4nunrponcro.s
I l. V u crpyMe n r (o6p. S6,J).llpea-
cTaBr qeTBbpTu Ta xeJrff3Ha np.bqKa c Arn-
xrna 38 cu u Ae6elnna 1,5 cu. E4unuar ra
xpaf, ce paslxnpflBa B npaBo'brrrHa rrJror{Ka c
pasmepu 7 ra 2 cu, cpeqynonoxHr{nr uwa
rpoprua Ha JrbxrqKa .- 6 xa 3 cu.
12. lne xe/re3nlr Ap.bxr(n-Kyxr,r, Ko- W
+i ', 11.

HycoBuAHX, BrHKHarr.r eAHa B Apyra (o6p. 56,2). \:J

O6ura Ar,nlrr{Ha 33,5 cn'r. O6p. 56. I4rcrpyveuru :a o6pa6orxa Ha A.bpBo

I UAA, IV, 265, o6p. 242.

2 P. n o u o s. I-l'. c., 67, o6p. A H B. I4seecrus na Hapoauun rvrysed
ra6a. XI, o6p. 2,
e T. UEaHo B. Apxeoaornvecxa npoyqBaulrs npu Cenapena 6ass. VIAA, - Eyprac,
XXl, 1957, 222, o6p, 12.
 77

II. KepauHxa
B rexonare H no noBt,pxHocrra ce HaMepH 3Haq[.lrerHo KoJII{qecrBo KepaMHKa, npaHa'
Anex(aua rru rpaxnlicxara, plrMcKara u 6t,nrapcxara efloxa.
1. TpaxuficKa KepaMr.txa. Or Heq [pl,rre)KaBaMe HsKoJII(e ArHa u creuu or cbAoBe,
pa6orenr Ha prxa or He4o6poKarrecrBeHa rruna c npnMec or IIffcbK. I4tuar uepnen qaar. Cte-
Hr,fre ca ne6e.nn Io I crr.r. Ktconere nporl3xoxAar or BHcoKI,r KoIUepoBL{AHIt cGAoBe c npan pt6
Ha orBopa, Tosa nr4 KepaMI{Ka e r,r3BecreH or MHoro HaxoAnua y Hac H ce orHacq KbM ./Ia-
TeHcKara enoxa.l
2. PuMcKa Kepa M:aKa. Bctqxu (rparuenrr ca nepa6oreuz or Ao6poKaqecrBeHa IIJIa-
crnqHa tJlr4Ha cbc cBernooxpoB v1lt4 qepBeH uBnr. HsKoI4 ca noKpI,rrI,I c qepBen JIbcKaB QupHnc.
flpeo6raaaaar naHnunre, Korrro ca rB.r,pAe paanoo6paeHu rlo Sopua. Telara IrM ca B'bB BI{A Ha
Konyc, ur4JrHHA'bp, KoHyc c qr.rr'rrHA'bp, nonycSepa c KoHyc. Pt6tr Ha ycruero e I43naAeH Ha=
Br,H 14 npoQr.rnnpau c.[o)KHo. Brpxy B'bTpe[IHaTa cTpaHa Ha I'bHaTa I4Ma KoHIIeHTpHqHI't oKpt,)K-
Hocrrr. ftpHerara ca cburo 3acrbneHH (o6p. 57). Bspxy reJara ce cpeuar yKpacH or rpynu no
TpL AHaTOHanHO BpsSaHA ilVtHHU, C'bqeTaHr4s oT xopH3oHTaJlHt4 qepTH a sMHqKH, 3lrf3a3l,t 14 Ap.
He luncnar n QparrueHTu or arr,rQopz. I1o xaparrepHI4Te 3a[a3eHlr qacrl] Moxe Aa ce Bbacra-
Honn Qopruara rrM: Ka,ca uzJlHHApr4qHa ruulixa, Kosro rtpeMltHaBa B KpyIIroBI.r,qHo rrulo, Koero
3aBr,plxBa c npbcreHoBu.4Ho croJrqe. flo rurlirara MLIHaBaT IxI.tpoKLt xopnaoHTannu nunuu. ldJufi.-
KnTe HMaT IJIOCKI4 KaHeJIHpaHn ApbxKH, KOI'ITO 3aBI{BaT nOA npaB brbJr.
KepavlnAare ce ,{BgBar B nBe pa3HoBI,rr,HocTH r rpaBobrbJIHI{, nJIOcKH, c 6op4xrpu or
,u,Bere Abnrr4 crpaluvt r,cry:J.rlJruHApuqult. Tyx'rIare ca rJIaBHo nBa Bura: KBa,uparHu n npaBo-
brbJrHI{. ilo rsx ce cpeurar AI,taroHaJI}ln rvHvtr, HanpaBeHH c flpbcrn.
3. Er,nrapcKa KepaMr{Ka, lnLtuararor Kosro ca nspa6orenric6.uoBer, e qepBeHa,
npgMeceHa c rrscr,K. Brrpeurnunr nJracr e qepeH, Koero noKa3Ba ne4o6po l{3nl,rqaHe. Tosfi sll,u

O6p, 57. Keparuuxa or pr.rMcxara enoxa O6p. 58. @panuerru or 6rrrapcru

KepaMr{Ka e npe.(craBeHa caMo c nrrKoJrKo Qparueura or rcpuera, Kollro npou3xoxAar or coH-

aax I (o6p. 58). Te nuar KpytrroBHAHo rflJro c Kbca nrutltxa, Kosro npeMllHaBa B l,t3,{areH HaBbH
3ao6neH pt6 na ycrr.rero, !,ltroro e nJrocKo, c;Ia6o naAe6eneno B ocHoBara ca. .[,onuara qacr
Ha TrrJroTo e r.rraAKa, a fopHaTa yKpaceHa c Bpfl3aHLI sBVrI\H, ynOtpe6enn caMocToflTeJlHo I,tJIn
B c6qeraugfl or sMHsKr (o6uruoneno no nneluure) u,lr.r [peceqeHl4 or cHollqera .uHatoHaJIHIt JtuHHV.

r er. CraHqes. Haxo,anula c rpaKuftcKa KepaMxKa r flpec,lan. l4gc,re.[eaHug B qecr Ha aKaaeN{I'lK n. Ac-
uen, CoQr.rn, 1958, 408 ; I'. Q e x e p. MorurIIIH HaxonKl{ or Myv4xt'tlap' l4AA' VIII' 107, o6p' 86'
 76

III. Monern
Br'a @on4a Ha Myges n rlpec,ran ce fla'rr ,uBe MoHerrr, flpo'3xox{aa[l' cbrrlo or Me-
crHocrra ,,Apraronou. Havrepenr ca cnvqaliHo npr o6pa6orKa Ha Hr.rBHTe.
1. Eponeoaa Mouera or Kpzcn fSlT 326 r.). rane. ,l!b 2g57.
2.EpoHsoea MoHera or tr4oan L{nuucxafi (969--976 r.), aan. }fe 312g.

Br',
ocuoea Ha ua6lrrAe HnflTa t4", tur.oruJrr,rre Morar Aa ce HanpaBsr HrrKoH I,r3BOAlr
Ceraurnara MecrHocr ,Apraroeo,, 6,ryaroAapenae Ha Ao6poro cl' (ecre_
""aronono*enae
CTBeHOTO Bb3BHIIeHre' HaJIvrlreTO Ha fOIqMa H IIa,r'lHOBO.llHa peKa, KOITO, OT eAHa CTDaHa, e
6r.ra cepro3Ho npen'rcrBl4e' a or Ap)/ra, e cJryxu,ra Karo H3Bop sa rlpenrdraHr.ae Ha HaceJIe-
Hnero) e 6una o6zrasaHa B npo4:bn)r(eHr4e da MHoto BeKoBe.
oparveHrzre or rpaxzlicxa KepaMHKa HH AaBar ocHoBaHr,re .4a cMrrraMe, qe nbpBare
o6nrarelr ryK ca 6tlrz Hqxoil or r,,rHoro6porlHrre rercKu rr,Ier\{eHa, Ilo-xrcno trpes BpeMe iia
pI|MCKOTO Bila,4IrLIeCTBO MaJIKOTO rercKo roceJreHl4e Ce
e pa3pacHa,lo B 3HarlBTerHo cerI4IIIe,
Koero o6xearrtaro npocrpaHcTBo HaA 2i w<a.Ocrauxzre or KaMeHHH 3HAoBe, xopocaH, Tyxnn
h
I(epeMHAi'l roBopflT 3a coJIH.4HI4 rparexa. Kepauaxara, Kosro npoa3xox(Aa ()T Haqa,loro
na II ao
Kpatl Ha IV n. noxaeBa, qe pa3llBerbr Ha ce.rrrirrlero e oKo.rlo roBa RpeMe. Hqrorxo
Qparnaeura
or IIaHLT[n c JI'I,cxaB qepBeH Qapnzc ca l4MnoprfipaHrr or rr3BecrHu KepaMr,tqHr rreHTpoBe or
Ma,aa Asras utu Vranus.
[1o npvneneuHg no-rope aHa.lornl]eH Marepr4a/r rpn6na .rla npneMeM, qe cer{HBara npo-
u3xox.4ar or pITMCI(ara enoxa. Te Hr AaBar Bb3MOXHocr ,4a Ha,uHHr(HeM B crona'C*r4q x(r,!Bor,
Ha ceJlrl[Iero or rafl enoxa H Aa nonyqaM MaKap r.r 6eraa npeAcraBa 3a ocHoBHr4re
3aHaflTr.r Ha
HaceJleHfiero. flo-rolsuara qacr or op'brnflTa ca 3eMeAeJrcKn -- Jlu3rapr,rre,
c.bpnoBere, MorH-
xara. lpyrn ca cBbp3aHH c oBorrrapcrnoro ujtH c 4tpnr:o6pa6orBaHero.
MoHerara or BpeMero Ha pHMcKHfl xMneparop Kpacn urBa Aa norBbpAr4
AarrjpoBKara
HA CeJlnueTo,
llpoyvnaHzrra u Marepr4ailHTe, pa3xpr4rr4 B coH4ax I, nosnolnaar Aa rB.bpAuM, qe fla
ToBa Mflcro ce cr!3AaBa ce,rlpJ[Ie fi npe3 BpeMero Ha n]rpBara 6r.,lrapcxa
A,bp)r(aBa. Ocranxare
or paSpyueHara npu peroJlBaHero 3eMJIgHKa, KbcoBere or Ma3firKa, orHlrrrlero, oBGrJIeHr4re rro-
KqUBHU fpeAH Coqar xapaKTepHoro xlaJrfirue 3a raSv efloxa, no3Haro or pa3KonKtrre
BbB B-r,Hrrr-
Hufl' tpa4 na ll.lucxa,i or fparHrrlara npv ceJrara rl0naHa u il. AceH.2
Ma.nxara A'r.[6oqaHa (0,50 r'a), Ha Korlro ce orKpr [o.('br Ha cbopaxeHriero, rroKa3Ba,
qe B cryqas ce Kacae 3a nodllygeMJrsHKa. 3a ctxaneHlre
nefinzre pa3Mepr{, KaKTo H HflKou no-
'4po6Hocrl4 oKoJIo roucrpyrqnxra z ocraBar Hea3scHeHH nopa,qr{ Jrorrroro cbcrosnrae, B Koero
q orKpnxMe. flo4o6uo Ha I43BecrHI{Te 3eMJIflHKH or HaurHTe 3eMil il Tagu
e vMana orHr,tqe u
neq, rpaAeHa oT KaM'bK.
Ktconere or c..roBe, orKpI,ITId B or'r4ulero, np[Ha,4Jlexar K6M nog'arl4q run KepaMHKa,
epeilIaH s ltso6l'Irl{e B cpeAHoBeKoBHHre 6r.nrapcrn rpaAnrqa: llnucxa, flpecnaa,
Ma4apa N .llp.
Kaxro ce Bnx.4a or Marepr.raJr'Te, ceJrrr[ero e c'rrlecrByBaJro eAHoBpeMeHno c Bennru
rlpec.nae. B,rreocrra My ctc croJllruara Hu Kapa Aa [peAnonaraMe, ge Mo)r(e 6r ce racae
3a Hfl-
xaKBo nperrpaAHe. He e scso o6aqe KaKBh ca 6unn pa3Mepnre My.

1 Cr. Muxafiron. ApxeoaortuecKn Marepr4anu or [Ilacxa. nAI4, XX, 1955, 139, o6p. 78 u 79.
2}K. B6xapoBa. Caaaqno-6r,nrapcKoro cenuue rpad c. llonnna, Crlr.rcrpercxo, CoSus, 1956, 1B c,r
Marepaaanre or rpallr{uero ltpr,r c. Uap Aces re ca ny6aurynaun.
 nEu 3A KEpAMr4r{Ht4 npott3BEAEHHfl OT IrOBO CEJIO, BI4AI4HCKO
.[. MHTOBA-AXOHOBA

Hono ceng e paanonoxeHo Ha AyHaBcKut 6par. Ha rpncra Merpa ll3roqHo or ceJloro

ce HaMHpa lrecrnocrta ,,fIoI nocra", KoflTo x3o6HJIcrByBa c Marepttanu or flpancroprqecKH,
plrMcKtr H cpeAHOBeKoBHr4 ceJrrrlta, Tyr 6perr'r Ha peKara e BLtcoK, orBecHo orpq3aH. Camo Ha
crorr,rHa Merpa or orpaAara Ha rpaHHrrHH llocr n npoSa.na Ha pequntr 6prr rcno ce oqeprasar
KoHTypr4Te Ha r.rHrepecHa nelu. t{epneHo HBneqeHH creH-h orpaHrr{aBar rlpaBo'brbJlUo npocrpaH-
crBo, rxupoKo I rta 14 BHcoKo 0,66 M. Lo.nuara crpaHa (ocuonara) e JIeKo KOHKaBHo H3-
BHTa HaB'bH, fopHara crpaHa e xopn3oHTanna u ne6ena 0,21 u. Br'nnlHure crpaHl4 npo-
ArJrxaBar Harope. Haa anara Kparr Ha ropHara crpana, Kosro He .IIonHpa Ao orBecHHTe BIHITI-
HIj CTpaHI,l, 3aIIOqBaT OqepTaH14rTa Ha ,(Be HOBH CTeH?I, yCrIOpeAHL Ha BTrHIllHHTe, KOIiTO Sae,ILHo
c rqx Espasxear lpoQn.lure Ha ABa KoMHHa, SynHeo6pasHo pa3rtrupeHn B ropHlla rpafi. Kotttt't-
Hr4Te ca Br4coru C,65 rr,r n ca v:,ilulanI{ no-pano Halr, noBtpxHocrra Ha 3eMlra. llptcrra Heno-
CpeACTBeHO JIO MaSraKaTa Ha B'bHIIIHHTe CTeHI,l, AO KOMLIHIITe n oCHOBaTa e CHJIHO H3neqeHa AO
qepBego, nocreneHHo norl,MHrBa 14 Ha oKoJro l5-20 cM ce flpenrBa B uBera Ha ocraHaJIHB
repeH (o6p. 59).
Pas,{HcrgaHeTo Ha npbcTTa, H3na'JIHHJIa TegH oqepTaHun, paBKpH [pe4 Hac MaJI'bK oT-
prr3GK or Kpa,rna AByera)KHa fleru 3a KepaMUqHfi npor3BeAenra. le6elara ropHa creHa e cnl'-
xr{Jta ga npetpa4Ha cxapa !!ex(Ay ABere noMeulaHna. /{o.nHoro [oMe[IeHI{e e BrcoKo 0,45 mrr.

O6p. 59. llpotpr.n Ha neur B AyHaBcxHc 6pct O6p. 60. fleut sa KepaMtqgli rpo!.taBtenrr
npr Hono ce"ro, Bttluucxo npll Hono cero, Bu.[urcxo

lopnoro noMeulenl4e r{3Buro Kynonoodpagno. HeroBlrre creltfi ca SanaSeHLt caMo IIa 0,29 u
e
Bgcoqriga. Ceranrnara ufipr{Ha r{ Ha .u,Bere noMelqeHl{s e I r*4" Crpannunure KoMHHLTT Konro H3-
Jrg3ar or nepnQepr.rnra Ha neulTa, cBbp3Bar ABere noMe[IeHL{q H orBe)KAar AHMa HaBbH. Ocneu
KoMr{Hnre 3a cBpb3Ka ca cnyxorJrn s ABara Kpbrnn oTBopa Ha nperpa.U,Bara creHa. Te clulo ca
pa3nonoxeHa no nepzQepusra Ha rreurra. Hauupar ce ua 0,23 M or KoMI4HHre H orcroqr Ha
Or27 u e.4HH or Apyr. AIraMerpHTe l,lM ca 0,12 H 0,13 na. flo,4lr H crenl{re Ha AoJrHoro noMe-
 80

[IeHHe ca cHJlHo HanyI(aHI4 oT BrrcoKaTa TeMnepaTypa. qcHo e, qe TyK e ropsJr otT,HsT, a B

ropnoro rroMerueHr{e e rr3rrr{qaHa KepaMr4r{ara (o6p. 60).
3a ctxaaes'e Ao Hac e AocrrrHaJl, KaKTo Beqe Ka3axMe, caMo Ma,rrbK orps3bK or ra3'
neu' Aro B3eMeM [peA BI4A pa3Mepnre Ha KpbroBrls orpfl3'bK or ocHoBara Ha Ao,rrHoro noMe-
tueHHe H or nperpa.4Hara crena, qe rpa6na Aa [pr{eMeM, r{e Ar.raMerbpbr Ha neulTa e 1,30 u.
Pas6upa ce, cborBerHo yBeJIHqeHHe B TaKbB cnyuali ue nonyqar u Br4cor{r.tHaTe Ha ABere no-
MerueHHrr. flpu rynonoo6pasnoro 3arBaprrHe Ha topHoro rroMeureHr,re u DpLr clycKaxrarara ce
Ha.u,oJIy ocHoBa Ha AoJIHoro uoMer{eHue c'bBceM ecrecrBeHo e a nepaQepxrra (rona, Koero e
AocrI4rHaJIo 4o Hac) Aa ce nonyqu MHoro no-MaJIKa BHcolrHHa, orKortKoro B rleHTbpa.
Crpoextr Ha rteulra e cbBceM npocr. B ecrecrneHal HaKJroH ua pevuan 6par e fis-
Aun6aua qMa cbc gao6.teHa ocHoBa I,r 3acBoAeH TaBaH. B 4ruoro Ha ra3u flMa Ha,u, 3eMflTa ca
npo6Hru ABa I(oMI4Ha. CreHrzre Ha KoMHHHTe 14 Ha flMara ca ragMa3aHu c rJrr,IHeHa Ma3u./rKa, Ie-
6e.rra 3 cru. Ttnxara rJIIzHeHa MaaHJrKa r,r opraulaqeu<ara h Bp'b3Ka c ocraHaJlara flp.bcr scHo
roBoptrT 3a To3l4 HaqHH Ha crpoe)K. Taxa nparoTBeHa, qMara e 6una pa3AeJleHa rro cpe.4ara or
Ae6e'rra nperpaAHa creHa (crapa), HanpaBeHa r.i3KJrroquTeJrHo or rrrrHa. Ta nepoaruo e rrMa,rJa
orrle MHoro Kp'brJlH oTBopH, KOHTO Ca Cry)Kr4rrA 3a npeMr4HaBaHeTo Ha reMnepaTypaTa oT AoJr-
Horo IIOMeueHLre B ropHoro. Ha,rrra.tHero Ha ra3H creHa B Hefisara 4o6pa nepa6orxa cBr.rAeTeJr-
crByBar, Ile crpaHlzqHfiqr orBop, npes xofiro e craBaJlo tr3KonaBaHero Ha neqTa u uspa6ot-
BaHero Ha ragu creHa, e 6u,r locra roJIsM. Tofi eepoarHo no-K'bcHo e 6un o@oprr,ren B ABa
orBopa ropeH a Ao.rreH. f,o,rHulr orBop e orBexAaJr B AOTHOTO rroMetueHHe n [pe3 Hero e
-
CTaBaJIO na,'leHeTo Ha IIeLUTa, a rOpHaflT B IOpHOTO nOMeUIeHI4e, KaTO e Cry){I,ln 3a nOA-
-
PexAane v ugBaE<I\aHe Ha KepaMuKara. flnara KoMHHa, nocraBeHr,r cr4Merpr4rrno s nepusepraara
Ha neluTa, BepoqTHo ca cJly)I(rau He caMo 3a orBexIaHe Ha AUMa HaB6H, HO H KarO pefyJla-
TopH Ha reMneparypara. Taxana KoMaHI4 Moxe 6n e uuano H B npe.4Hara iracr Ha nerrlra.
fleulure 3a KepaMHqHLI npottoBe.aeHrls ca orAaBHa rro3Haru u 4o6pe npoyueur.l Te ce
cpeuar B eII,IH MHOrO A'bJIbr nepuoA x xpoHonornrrHEre pa3ilven'., B rexHnq [raH H Haqr,rH Ha
crpoe)x He ca MHoro roleuu.2 HeeasucnMo or roBa rrerura or Hoso ceJro cror,r Hafi-6.luso Ao
nellnre or pllMcKara enoxa3 H 3aroBa H Heq tue orHeceM KbM ToBa BpeMe (ll-lV n. na H. e.).

t Kp.MnffreB. Kpyr,torlrlr ABopeu il lpyttl noaoorxprru;nocrpofiKr.r e nrracxa.LIAI4, XlV,1940_1942,

101-102; 14s. BenKoB. Hoaorxpuru craprrHrr. L1AI4, Vfi, 1932-1933, 405; Aa. ParueHoe. Malapa, II, 1g86,
25c'tt.;[' KoxyxapoB. t'leru sa rrluneHlt cb4oBe B Eelorpa4uur. UAl4, XV|fl, 1950, 249 c,r.;Daremberg-
Salglio (Fornax).
2 6. A. Prt6aros. Peuecao ApeBHefi Pycr. Mocxna-Jleuxnrpaa,
1948,344 c,,r., o6p, g2-g4.
3 August Stieren. Rtjmische T6plerdfen im Lager Haltern. Germania,
XVI, 1932, l12, Abt,.2;
Behrens' Beitrdge zur rdmischen Keramik. Mainzer Zeitschrift, X, 1915,92 c.rr., o6p.5; Fremersdorf.
Rdmische Bildlampen. Bonn und Leipzig, 1922,23 c.r., o6p. 19, 24; Dr. T. Reyman. Vyzkumy krakovskdho
stiediska v Roce, 1948; Archeologickd rozhledy, 1949, ddst 4, 175, o6p. 83-84; Ausqrabungsberichte des pro-
vinzialmuseums in Bonn. BJB , Heft 122, 3, 343 c,r., ra6a. XLIX
- 2.
KOJIEKTI4BHA I{AXOAKA IJA MOHETI4 OT I H II MAI(EAOHCKA OEJIACT

B, AI4MOBA

llpes l95B r. s c. HonrpaA, Pyceucxo, IIpH t43Kotlua pa6ora 3a OCHOBI'I Ha HOBa clpaAa

e HaMepeH t.rrHHeH clA cr,c cpe6'rpHn MoHerI4" HaxoArara c'bAbplKa 110 eK3eM[Jltlpa' oT KOHTO

traxeAoucKa 14 eA-rrH Or II r,.taxeAoncxa o6lacr. I'lpuero, n KoeTo ca

or I 6unu cbxpaHfl-
10g
BaHH MOHeTr4Te, e cqyneHo I'I 3axBbp!5eHo cJIeA HeloBoTo oTKpt4BaHe. flo Ayunre Ha HaMepBaqa
HaoKoJ,IoHeCaoTKpI4TvlApylnCTapI4[peAMeTI,II{JIHcJIeAaoTI(ynTypHHocTaHKI.l.
c,reA no,tucTBaHeTo Ha MoHeTLtTe TgxHoTO OTJIHqHO CbCTOflHI'le AaAe B'b3MOIKHOCT
n'a
flOpa4n KparKoTo
rH paBnpeAeII{M Ha t{sKoJIKO lpynl4 81,3 OCHOBa Ha MarHCTparCKI'lre HMeHa'
ca c rloB'bpxHocr' Ter-
BpeMe, npe3 Koero ca 6vtrr4 u yno"peOu, floqrn Bcr.rtrKa 4o6pe 3aIIa3eHa
l.i.uLrTO I{MeHa Ca oSHaIleHI'I C MO-
palpaxMuTe ca ceqeHr,t noA HaA3Opa Ha cJIeAHLrre MalHcrpaTv,
HorpaMH (o6p. 6l);

FP'ffi - A(A)
'ffi
u 4
S'ffi. ffi t-%]' *%
Trt
'ft(u{,Tr ,K)'o KEP "ffi"ffkt re,KP,

FE,JbE.ffi,TE, n'E ) 4S
O6p. 6l . .\'lc-rttolparrtt ltr'Px]' l\loHCl Ii o'l c' Hoat pa'r

BCnqXU Bapl.laHTLl, KOHTO AaBaMe 11O-fOpe C pa3,'lHIlHHTe MOHOlpaM14t

Ca I]O3HaTn B llu-
eAuH HoB BapuaHr
6ansrle IIe l0' o[le
repar,ypara.l C naclostlr.ata HaxoIKa uprz Car,4o
- Ha Qunvn
Ilo rqrr pa3f,rrex(AaHi.lTe vloHeTLl Ha11'biIHO npHJIHqaT Ha TerpaApaxMuTe v,
Karo Iloprper:br Ha llapr e 3aMeFleH c o6pasa Ha Apreuuga'

TerpaApaxMlt or I mareAoucxa o6lacr

1. ,l-lnue : rJlaBa Ha APrenala4a HaAscHo Bbpxy MaKeAoHcKI4 lltl4T'

OT3aA [tllT I'1 Ty"l'

O6pastr MHoro MaJl'bK'

Onaxo : MAI{E tlO^\rB-\I l1P(27' E:' B cpeAara KpHBaI( c Apbxl{a
HaJIsBo, HaoKoJl() Al6os

BeHeu 11 AOnbJlH/TeJIeH 3HaK 38e3Aa' rope ts roJrero uoHorpau

III 1'
Cpe6po, 4v. 3l MM, rerJlo 16 r (o6P' 62-63, Ne 1).
i Bx. H. Gaebier. Die antiken Mirnzen von Mal<eclonia Lrnd Paionia' Berlin, 1935'
[t,rxa aa u3Kaxa 6larolaPuocr Haap.T.l-epacl'tlloe3anoil'ioIIITa'KotlroNllIol(a3all1]llo(lpaCtorxar4ua
Ta3H HaXO]l.Ka'
!l .-\pxeo,rorrq, xn. .l-2, 1959
 B2

2. Iluge: crrruvtgr o6pas, Iro ro-ro;.reM, Ao6pe rapa6oreH

u Baira3eg.
onaxo: cr,rur'rqr rzn, rope B noJrero MoHorpaM Nb 2,
flon-r,nHHTeJIeH 3HaK MbJIHrffl.
Cpe6po, tu. i)2 vv, 17 r (o6p. 62*63, Nn 2).
Orqe I el(3eM[Jrsp or cbrrlara 4eofira MoHerH]r flesaru
xarro Jr]b 2.
nira. 28 MM, rerJro l4,TO r. Ma.nrco ynorpe6anau.
3. Jlaue : cbrrlarr o6paz, Ho or Apyr ner{ar.
Orar<o: cr,xltrsr rr4rl, rope B no./rero uouorpau .|,n B.
Cpe6po, arra. 3l MM, rer.ro lT,2B r (o6p. 62_68, ,r\.s 3).

I
'0
I

i
T

O6p. 62. Terpaapaxrr,lt or c. Hoerpaa. .[uue

O6p. 63. Terpatpaxlrrz or c. Hoarpan.'j"Onaro

Kllr roga eK3eMnnsp ce orHacqr otue ABa or crbrrlnrr neqar gaF.rrueBara

crpaHa. Ha4-
rracuTe Ha Bcr.rqKHTe ca uspa6oreHr.r or eAr{H rpaBbop.
!u. 30 MM, rerJro 16,10 r; av. 26 MNr, rerJro 11,24 r.
qaT,
Mare Ns 4.
. 62_63, Itb 4).
s oT e.4HH rJ ccu [elraT 3a n[IleBaTa cTpaHa.

b. ,rlnqe: ccrurrnr o6pas, Ho or oor. n"i"rll;j3.il;;f;il":

Olaro: cbtrrr,rrr run, B loJrero MoHorpaMr.rre Nb b.
 E3

Cpe6po, tu. 25 uu, 12,79 r (o6p. 62-63, Ne 5)'

Oute Aea eK3eM[nspa or eAIaH H crblrl neqar 3a JlltueBara crpaHa.
nna. 3l rrrrrl, 16,80 r; ,u,M' 30 rr,Iu, 74120 r'
ne.rarzre 3a JrHqeBara crpaHa Ha TeTpaApaxMLITe, onxcaHH noA ,l'ls 4
B 5, ca uzPa6o-
cbtuo ca or eAr{H rpaBboP, a uoxe 6u e
TeHr..l or eAHH rpaBbop. lleuarure 3a ollaKara crpana
e 6una u
no6pa craparerta.
er,r1H I,r c'bul uaftcroplr I{ 3a ABere crpaHll' Heronara
pa6ora
6. Jluue: ca,ruaflr o6pae, Ho or Apyr neqar'
Onaxo: c:burl4gr rI4II, B noJlero MoHolpaMI'ITe Ns 6'
Cpe6Po, arlr. 30 MM, rerJlo 16,99 r'
ca or
Ktu ropnzn eK3eMlnqp ce orHacqr olqe luecr, or Kouro qerlzpn (ana no Asa)
enna Anofixa MoHerHH neqarl'r' ABa or eAHH neqar caMo 3a JillIIeBaTa
cTpaHa, eAI"lH OT ,4pyra

4nofira MoHerHI'I nerlaru.

nrvr. 25 uu, 12,50 r; 26 uu, ll,7O r;
26 una, 12,50 r; 26 nru' 1l'70 r; 31 uru' 16'90 r;
32 vtrur, 7 r.
BcnqKu rreqarr,r ga ,r[rleBara crpaHa ca rspa6oreHl,I rprlxJlt
Bo or eAI4H rpaBbop' 3a ona-
Kara crpaHa c'btuo or e,4HH uaficrop.
- c.buIHfT O6pas or C'bXII,lfl MOHeTeH leqar xarro
7. JTuue: Ns 6.

Onaro: cblr1atlr rall' B [oJlero MonorpaMl4re Ns 7'

Cpe6po, arrr. 28 urrl, 14,50 r (o5p. 62-63, Ns 7)'
8, ,rkqe: cbu{I4qr o6pae, Ho or ,4pyr neqar'
onarco:cT,[IU'lTTnn'BnoIeTolopeMoHolpalrNeS.Ha.u'nuclTJIoilonepa6oreH.
'Cpe6po,
au' 3l tvIr,'r, 16,87 r (o6p' 62-63, J\h8)'
fOeN eK3eMnntlp npI,IHaAne)KaT OUIe Tpla MOHeTI4T OT KOI'ITO eAHa
OT Cb[lfiq neqaT
KtM
3a II4IleBaTa CTpaHa KaKTO OIII4CaHIlrfl I1O-lope'
Arra. 30 vtw, 17,02 r; 30 rvIIra, 16,91 r; 32
tvIu, 16,99 r'
Bcnqrn neqaTn oT JtrjueBara crpaHa ca fpaBL'IpaHI'I oT eAI'lH rtraficrop.
9. ,l-luqe: ct,lllutlr o6pas, Ho or Apyl ner{ar'
Onaro: cblrlulr rl'tnr B noJlero MoHorpaMure 'Nls 9'
Cpe6po, ana. 33 vu, 17,40 r (o6p' 62-63, No 9)'
Kru 311n I oule ABe MOHeTI4 oT C',bxIUq neqar 3a JII4lIeBaTa cTpaHa - 'qM' 3l 12MM'r'
15,72 rr 29 tvtr,t, 15,50 | - u eAI'rH or apyra 4nofiKa MoHerHI4 fleqarr'l - AM' 26 ntv'
TeTpaApaxMHTe' ca uspa6oreHH JIOIilO'
!,nofrxzre MoHeTHr,r [erraTI,I, oT KOllTo ca [pol]3ne3J]l'I
10. ,tlnlre: cculntlr o6pas, Ho or ,u,pyt neqar'
Onaro: c'blrrl4rr rI4lI' B noJlero MoHolpaMI4Te Ns 10'
Cpe6po, an' 33 uu, 16 r (o6p' 62-63, Ilb 10)'
11. ,Ilnue: c'bulllnr o6pas, Ho or Apyr rterlar'
Onaro: c'burutlr rI'tII, B rloJlero MoHofpaMHTe Ne 11'
Cpe6po, lna. 31 uu, 16,78 r.
MOHeTHH IIe-
Ktu ropuara MoHeTa ce oTHaCrrT OL{e 6r KaTO eAHa oT CbUIaTa ABoI?Ka
OT e'U'HH I'I cblll
qATI{ KaKTO ;r|9 it, ABe OT cbUII{s neqaT 3a JI[UeBaTa Crpaga KaKTO Jr|g ll, .4ne
neqaT caMo 3a JIIiIIeTO H eAHa oT .ll'pyfa 4nofira MoEeTnH
neqarl{'
[r'a. 30 MM, l+,+8 ;', 33 n'Iu, 16,33 r; 29 una, 14,95
r; 26 tuna' l0'7 I r; 28 uu'
12,72 r; ll,6l r.
12. Jll,tqe: cbull{flr o6paa, Ho or ,u,pyl nel{ar'
Ouaxo: cbIIrItflT Tltnr B no/Iero MoHorpaMl'tre Ne 12'
Cpe6po, AM. 30 uvr, 16,82 r (o6p. 62-63, Ng l2)'
Kouro
Ktu ropeonr4ca11s ex3eMnntlp npnuaAnex(ar saft-usoro MoHern 1700/o), Me)KAy neqaTl4
HJIH OT eAHH H C'bUII4 CaMO
Ce CpeXIaT MHOpO oT e.U,Ha I'I C'blqa ASOfira MOHeTHH neqaTq
3a ngneBaTa WIt4 o\aKaTa crpaHa. Ter.loro I4M Bapupa MexAy
12-17,22 r'
 84

Terpaapaxr,rr or ll MaKeAoHcKa o6.lacr.

lolstra ueHHocr B Harlero cbr(poBtrue npeAcrasrsBa rerpa.qpaxMara
o6nacr' Ocseu rasH MoHera Ha Hac HH e H3BecrHa caMo orqe
or II naare.u,oHcKa
eAHa, HaMepeHa npea 1939 r. n
oKoJrHocrr4Te Ha lopna Opaxoarzqa.l
13' JIHue: rJIaBa Ha ApreunAa HaAscHo B'bpxy Ma*en,oHCKa
qrr, or3aA Jr.bK H Tyn.
onaro: I{E7oNQ}{l'IEYTEPaJ, n cpe4ar" *p"urn c
'1't'4
rp'r,xKa HaJrsBo, HaoKo,rro
4l6on BeHeit, rope B rorrero uogorpau .i\tl 13 (o6p. i;Z_Oa, Nbl3).
"llnueaara crpaHa e no-4o6pe nspa6oreua or olaKara. o6paar,r Ha Apena4a ce or.rr4-
qaBa ro-cBosra Iz3pagarerHocr' Karo
e npeAaAeH MHoro lo-KpacrzBo B cpaBHeHHe c
IIpe,4xoAHHre.
flrpata, Bbpxy Kor4ro ca orrreqaraHa rerpa4paxMare, ca or cpe6po,
Hanpaae'anr
c floqru oBaJrHa
@opua. xaMilqecK14 a'arra3 no*a3Ba, qe re cbA.i,px(ar or gT g5,g o cpe6po,
3'Ilaro or l'6 4O 2,2',',o, OJIOBO tl )Ke,/ls3o MHOTO Nfa,ryKo, rc
MeA H rlLlHK CaMO c,rleAa.2 Ternoro ua
orAe'[HI4Te NloHera' orcer]eHI4 or erHa fi c'bula
Anofixa MoHerHv reqarl4 I4 Mafr,rcrparu, He e
eAHaKBo. Tazu pauuKa B TerJroTo, or eAHa
or onpeAeJrerro KoJrasecrno cpe6po ca orcelreH, OlpeAeneH 6pofire ca cer{eHa aI pezzo, t, e
cT paHa, IIoKa3Ba, r{e

MOHerH, 6ea aa ce Abpx'

cMeTKa 3a CbBCeM TorlHoTo aM TerJIo' [peABI4AeHo
no MoHeTHaTa cI4CTeMa, a oT Apyra cTpa]ta,
HIt Kapa Aa rH cMtraMe 3a IIo-Ma.rI:bK HoMHHarI.
Canao ragz Haxorxa o6a,le e rB.bpAe HAocra-
T:bqHa r{ He no3BoJlflBa La ce pa3perxr,r roBa
nFen[o,ToxeHae. B cbKpoBu[{ero ce c.],A:bp)Kar
eK3eM[JIspE l] c no-Ma'ry'bli AuaMeT'bp, BT,pxy Koplro
qara) T' e' T lpara ca Mrioro no-MaJIKH
e orfleqaraHa can4o cpelgara qacT Ha r1e-
or AuaMerbpa Ha l\4oHeTHHtt t-Ieqar. H re>xrzre, u neKr,rre
MOHCTI,I CA CEqCHIT CAHOBPCMCHHO H B CAHAKBO
KOJII]qECTBO,
fopHare MoHerI-t ca orner{ararlx c IIoMoLqra Ha r\,{Hofo MoHerHr,r
lreqarr.r, rpaBapaHl.:j oT
pa3nxqHH rpaBbopt4, KoETo ce pa3raqaBar
B cBoqra pa6ora. 3aroea B crr4rroBo orHo[reHr4e Morar
'4a ce KJlacu|n\upat B HTKoJIKo rpy.'a: c rp'x,naB a uepa6ct'xa Ha Jrur]eBara r-r orra*ara
crpaHa,
c '4oIUa nspa6orxa Ha .4Bere crpanl't u./II4 caMo Ha eAHara. flpn uzrn nHeuuero
Ha eAzH c:bur
MoHofpaM ce ga6enqgsar E3BecrHr,r orKroHeHr.rs 14 orrpocrflBauHa (o6p.
6l). '
Halt-rvuoro rerpaApaxMa ce cpeular c HMeHara Ha Marr4crparr4re
Nb 12. Ha,ryaqaero ua
fo'rleMl,s 6pofi nevar' IloKa3Ba, qe re ca Haft-rrcstz rro BpeMe,
IIoHexe ca 3apoBeHH -np,o Tega
MOHeTHA MarrTcTpaTu,
flpa rpyntpaHero Ha IuoHerI4Te ro rerlarr4Te, or Korzro ca orceqeHH, ce ycra'oBr4xa
ABa C,'Iyqafl, npt'i KoIjTo e ynorpe6eH
eAaH rJ C.bul rreqaT 3a ,{HrIeBaTa CTpaHa npu pa3,rr4rrHz Ba_
prlaBTrl,: HanpnMep MoHerare c r,roHorpaMzre
JVs 4 u S, Koero roBoprz, rle roBa e cTaHarro B
eAHa
14 c'blqa MoHerapHkl ua. Or re:a Monertt
ce BaxAa, qe Maru crparr,T ts nBara eK3eMrrnspa e eAr{o
I4 cr'tuo 'lzue' Axo nocraBeHoro tope B ro,rrero uMe e Ha r,raBrr,rfl Ma.rrcrpar, a .qo.[y Ha He-
fOBI,lg TIOMOIII,HI4K, TO TE CA
' PASMCHAJIL.I AJIbXHOCTIZTC CI,I B TCqCHI{C HA BPCMCTO.
MoHera JVs2 e cbBceh{ 6nuexacrra.rroBo Ao MoHerr4Te
,olncaHLinoA N! 4 n E, u r.r3,r{aBa e,aHa rr
cblua p'bKa Ha uat.icropa. Tosa AaBa a3BecrHa B't3MoxHocr
Aa ce ttpeAr]oJ,rara, qe MarHcrparbr
e cbr{Hqr roea, uaelo IzMe ce cpeqa B MoHerHTe Nb 4 u 5. Tori
e cqKG,'r H caM lroueril, 6es
Aa vrMa cnofi nououlHlK wru ra 6.tre raKbB.
ocneu ropeon,caHl,n c,ryuat? B Ha[rara HaxoAKa aMa oure
ABe MoHeru, rlprr KoHTo cr,uo
e ynorpe6eH eAau Il cbur Ileqar sa ,rraqero (,Nr 6 u i), Karo rlraBHnsr
Marltcrpar e 6un
cMeHeH c rpyr' L4 nph rBara cryqa' .4aHHI4re ca rBGpAe HeAocrarl,q HLr, Ba ce ycraHoBr.r Aa
TOI{HO XpOHO,rofaqHaTa noc,TeAoBaTeJrHocT, T. . npzeMcTBeHOCTTa MeX(Ay Te3H MatncTpaTl.l.
Haxo,qxara orpa3rrBa [apr4qnoro o6ptueuHe a Muszq a HeliHlre t,tKoHoMlrqecKu Bpa3Kn
c MaKeAoHcKare o6nactu (nari-neue c llrpna MaKeAoHcKa o6,racr) B erroxara npe.4r4 pr4Mc1oro
B,[a.zlqqecTBo.

1Bx. T. f epacr.rMoB, nN4,XIil, 1gBZ,B42.

2 Anarustt e HanpaBeH B xl.'lMflqecKara aa6oparopun
npn Apxeo.rorfiqecKHfl Mysefi B Coonr or !p. gaaaapos.
)

IIOMOHETHI4 oOPMI4 HA nAPI4 v TPAKHfiCxOTO IJIEME ACTI4

T. FEPACIIMOB

flpe4r.r n3HaMvpaHero Ha MoHerara npe3 Kpas na VII B. np. H. e. ' KosTo npeAcraBntlBa
K.bc MeTan c olpeAeneHo TetJro r,r rrHcToTa Ha cnnaBTa' rIoTB'bpAelIa oT .u'aAeHa
BJIaCT nocpeA-
crBoM o6pasu v Hartvrcvr B.bpxy Heq, ApeBnr.rre xopa BeKoBe HapeA ca rbpcl'IJIH u ynorpe6ana.nn

Hafi-paa.nauug cpeAcrBa Karo eKBr4BaJreHr Ha AaAeHI4 crorlaHcKl4 6nara, roftro Aa y/IecHI4 oIIeH-
pa3raqHH Qopuu
Kara r.1 pa3MrrHara Ha croxure. Togn [poAbJIXHTereH rlpoqec Ha Hara)KAaHe
Ha rrJrarexHr.r cpeAcrBa e rrpeMnHan HlKorKo cra!.nr- Ha pa3Bllrue. OrHaqa.lo 3a rafl Uen
e

c,,ry)KrirJr 4o6urtrtr, rofi e 6r'rn 3aMeHeH oT npe.qMeTI'I oT MeTaJI - 6pa4ar'r c eAHo

cne.Il, ToBa
yJIH ABe ocTpgeTa, )KelJIlI, KOTJII,IT TpIIHOXHHIII w np. Harpan ApeBHhTe MIIHaJIa KbM [paKTHrr-
uara eoprraa Ha pa3MeHHo 14 rrJrarexHo cpeAcrBo - cnurblll{Te or nae4, cpe6po- nau 3'laro'r
C rarnsa npeAMeTI.I-[apv Ca CH Cnyx(unh H rpaKl'Ire. flalti,uu sa TOBa HMaMe OT HaMepeHOTo
c.nyuaftuo npeAlt ABaAecerLIHa tor.lltt Ha noJlyocrpoBa Arus e Eypracrnfl 3aJIvB
cbKpo-

Bgrue c MeAHra cJrrirrbrlr,r, HanoAo6ssaurtr BbpxoBe Ha crpenr,z Tva crpeJlonoro6na npe4-

vetu 6uttu BJIox(eHI4 B eAHa loJIgMa rJI?lHeHa AeJIBa'
raKa KaKro ca yKpI'IBaHI'l MOHerLIre (o6p' 6a)' Cera
c'bKpoBlrilrero ce c'bxpaHeBa B My3en e Byprac. Ha6ruso
AO cbKpoBt4l{ero e 6vtna HaMepeHa H eAHa rJIaHeHa
nJroqKa c npaBo'brb.lna Qopua, Bbpxy eAHara crpana Ha
&
Korro peAIrIIu n4nl6uarzut't, HanoAo-
rzMaJIo HrKoJtKo
or c'bKpoBlitlrleto. Taga l'rl14-
6gnauru MeAHI,rre cJII4T'blII'l
HeHa rIJIorrKa 3a c'bxaJlegue 6uta cqynena u 3axB'bp-
neHa cJIeA HaMupaHero ir.
rrft raro or Hel
Ts e rBbAe Ba)KeH [aMerHI4K'
qe
B:bnpocHure npeAMerl4-
y3HaBaMe, w w
napu ca LISJILIBaHI'I nocpeAcrBoM ABa KaJI'bna. l4zpa6or-
BaHero Ha THtl cnHT'bqH e cTaBaJIO Ha C'buloro MqcTo'
rrfi raro Ha nonyocrpon Arua e I'IMaJIo pa3KpI4TI'l or
Aur6oxa ApeBHocr 3aJIex(H or Me,uHa pyAa. 3a roBa
Ha[oMHflT qMHTe I{ crypl4sTa. B IIOAHOXI4eTO Ha ASnVta'
utnrr ce npn noryocrpona E)qrp6awp (MeaeH nplx)'3
lTpez 1927 I' npu 3eMJIeHa pa6ora B lz3rol{Hara
rroJroBnHa Ha noJlyocrpon Arnn 6unn paexpurl4 HflKoflKo
w ww
rpo6a, B KoHTo np?t cKenerHTe 3aeAno c rpo6nnx I4HBeHTap
HaMepHIIlt u qeTI,IpH oT c1,xlHq BnA MeAHII CTpeJIIttIKHt O6p. 64. Melsr c,rurr,ull-MoHilH
or ll-oB AlIttt
Kouro ce cbxpanlBar cera e c6upxara I{a My3es e 6yprac'

r T. f on. flpottsxoa u 3llaqeHl{e Ha N4oHeTnTe Karo [r3Bop!l' C6oprurx fipea eerolere, CoQnn,
epacr.rrvt
1938, 263 cr.
! T. lepacl.lMoa' 424 ctt'
Clrpoeuule or 6ponsona crpenu-MoHerh' L4AY1'XI-I' 1938,
3 K. 1,1 peue x. flrryrauuc lo Etlrapur. flnoBAuB, 1899, 768 ca'
 86

l,[uHeHfiqr cb,q c'bc c'bKpoBI4IIIeTo or Me.4HH ctLtT:,;I\v, rpo6onere, 3a Kor4 To crroMeHaxMe,

KaKTo H orKpI'IBaHfiTe npa pa3nl,lqHl4 cnyqav MHoxecrBo orKbcnequ or arvrQopr.r, cbAoBe H ftpyrn
cor{ar, qe Ha nonyoerpoBa e c,buecrByBaJro aHTHqHo ceJIHrrIe. Tona ule
4a e rpaxaficrara Anral,
3A KO'ITO CIOMCHABAT HSKOI,I AHTHI{HI4 ANTOPZ.I
Kaxro Beqe I'I3TbKHaxMe Ha ,4pyro Mscro, crpenonoAo6Hzre cnnr.bur.r ca c ABa npgTb-
neHH Kpaq u sao6reHz crpaHHIlHH pt6one, Konro coqar, qe re He ca uMalri
fipaKrgqecKo npeA-
Ha3Har{eHHe' He ca MoIJIH Aa cnyxaT KaTo BbpxoBe 3a crpeJl[.
Te ca /1.b,,rtz cpe4uo 5 cru
cnon4euarnqr BxA napfir{Hl-t 3HaIIH ca HaMepeHu 14 Ha rpyt' Mecra B xEHTepnaHAa Ha
Eypracxaa 3arnB, or pa3Balru'ure np' c. Pycoracrpo npor.r3xox{rar
ABe crpeJr'-Mo'eru,
Apyra eAHa e HaMepe'a npa c' Bl'nrapono (Vpynaeuarrofi), Afitocxo, a rpera
xono, flolaHoBrpa.ucKo. l4a6poenzre HaxoAKa noKagBar, qe crperonoAo6Hzre napr4 -- rpa c. t{ep-
or Me]I ca
pa3HacflHl4 14 HaB'brpe B crpaHara' Bce lo rbproBCI(H n:br
cburI4flT BxA raplir{Hr.r 36aur{ ca IIr4p-
}{ynwpanrd Ha MHO|O nO-Aa.reIlHH pa3cToqHr.ifl I]o 3ar]a11r4fl U CeBepHr4rr
6par Ha r{epuo ruope.
Taxa upa pa3KorlKllre npes J953 r. B ApeBHaq rpat Acrpua ua r{epHo trope
[n Ceeepua [o6-
PYaxa Ha 40 xu ceBepHo or KrccreH4xa)6utn HaMepeHa nnafi-crapns KyrrypeH rrracr, r\arupa1
B Kpaq na VI n. rp. H. e., or uepuoQnrypHa r(epaMr4 Ka 11
npytulpeAMerr4, Mex,4y KoHTo u ABe Han.bnHo
cxo'4HH c rB'I or Arafl ,,MoHerz'ctpetu".2 tpyfa erHa no-3Haqure.nHa
HaxoAKa e HaMepe6a Ha
ceBepo'3roK or ycrl4ero Ha fiyHan nP]r nueurHus, rpan Vc*awn (Becapa6ur).
Ts npeAcraBJrrBa
MaJIKo c'bKpoBl4ilIe or 51 crpeloloAo6Hs cJrr4T.r,Ka cr,c cbulaTa (toplra
oasrep".,
Ctulare uapa.{:Hu 3Hau[r" or MeA ca HaMepeHI4
orue [o Ha ceBep Ha replrroprfr.Ta Ha AHe[IHr,rrr Ctsercxl4
cbn3. flpu pasxonKr4re B pa3Ba,ruHure Ha aHTr4qHara
MrjJrercKa KoJroHr4r Ot6zs, pa3nonoxeHa npfi. ycr[ero Ha
p. Eyr Ha uepno r,lope,6ala aaKonaHr{ npea l90g r. lb
crpe.lolo.4o6nn cnHrrrca c:bc cburare Qoprrra ra pa3Mepr4
B asKonr4re 6 u 7 B apxafir]Hufl KynrypeH nnacr 3aeA_
Ho c K'bcoBe or vepaoQaryplu KzrrvtKcw, JreK?rrr.r vI
itonzftcrcu anarpopa,AaryBarrla or r(parr ua VI n. np. u. e.a
3ae4uo ctc c-brrlaTe Marepvawl 6nnn HaM epeHrj t4
napuqHrl 3Har-In Ha rp. O,r6na or MeA BGB Br.rA Ha ps_
6ara 4e,rr@rzH.6 Tosa o6croqrencrBo e BaxHo, 3auroro
rro3Bo.rrflBa Ha[r,4re crpeJro[o.qo6uu napu Aa ce laryBar

- VI HaxoAKa,
IIo c'btrloro BpeMe B. np. H. e. Cryauoea, Koflro
o6napo4ea B'brrpocHara nurue, qe :aanupa-
Hero Ha ,,crpeJlar{KuTe-MoHert4,, 3aeAao c AoMatrJH?r rta_
pr4LrHu 3narlr4 Ha Or6rjq nre BnI Ha 4elrfuu noBAHra
HHrepecHHfl B'bnpoc 3a paHHx r.bproBcKr.l Bpb3r(r.r Me)KAy
rp. O.t6ax Ha ceBepHoro qepHoMopcKo xpari6pexue I
rpaxaficrare n,rreMeHa or 3arraAHOTo rlepHoMopcro rcpafi-
O6p. tiS. HaxoAuuta Ha MetHn cJrur-brtrj- 6pexae, Kor4To npe: VI B. np. H. e. ca 6unu Belre 40-
Mogerlr no 3anaaHoro t{epnolropue CTI4THaJIH AO TaKaBa cTeneH Ha r,IKoHoMI,rqecKo pa3BHTr.re,

l Aeqee-KauapoB u ap. l4snopu 3a crapara Hcropllr n neorpaQun ta Tpaxua r MareAoruq. Cocpr.rn,

flpre ortxlecrsu Arng c
1949, 266. aHrnqHara Anraq I4n. BenearKos. pa:ronrure B HeKpono,ra Ha Anonouua npea

1919 (lll, II, 1s48, e); I'ls. rr.,rt 6on. BaKCAO-ANCHIALUS, ATHA,-ANTHEIA. ur4BE, v,
1957, 408.
j C. Stef an. Studii gi cercetiri de istorie veche,
- V, 1954, Ne1_2, 105, o6p.23.
3G. Severeanu, Sur les rnormaiesprimitivesdesScythes(lingots-rnonnaiesenfornedepointesde
fldche). Buletinul soc numi-sm. rorrlne, 1926, Nb 57--58, 5 c",r.
a B. C x y.1 H o Ba. MoHerlt-clprlKu u3 O,rsarru. Cto6ruenng roc.
SpuuraNa, X, 1956, 88 cl.
5 B. Pick. Die antiken Munzen von Dacien und Moesien,
I, 1899, ra6,r. VIII5, oi A. 3orpae. Mo-
Heru O')rTBHL (: AHrfiqHlte vonersr). M. -,- ,lJ., 1951, 121 csr. u .ra6a. XXX, Z-10.
 87

MeAHI{Te Cnurruu' Vl '*eficre'-

qe Ce gBI,rJIa y Tsx HyXAa OT Ilapl4qllu 3HaIIu' TOea Ca uMeHHO
HaxoAKI'l, Ha AaJIeqHo pa3croqHl',le
c[oMeHarHTe
eTo ca cnyxnJll{ KaTO pa3MeHHO CpeA-
o Kpaft6pexae (o6P' 65)'
3a I43rlUBaHe Ha cTpeJlonoAo6nnre rcl-
CoBeoTMeAnpl4lJII4HeHV'tclDI,cloBeqeoTxl4liflAacJII4T.bKaHI4KapaAanpeAflonafaMe,I{e r]e
roronu, u3pa6oreHH 3a nycKane e o6ptureHae napu. Taa HaxoAKa [OACKa3Ba'
roBa ca 6s.tu
I{lpaJIo npe3 Vl e' np' H' e' poJlfl Ha rbpx(fi[Ie'
s rpaxrftcroTg CeJIHuIe AnrzR, K6ero lUe Aa e [apHqHI4 3Haul4' KOeTO e 6zlo ylecneHo I'l OT
Ha TV:
ce e HaMr4pala pa6orunHllqa 3a I'I3JIIaBaHe e HaMHpaJIa B
HenocpeAHo MeAen Bp'bx' AHrr4q ce
HaJlr,rqnocTTa Ha MeAHH PYAH e
JIe)KauIUs
o6racrra, HaceJIeHa or rpaxutlcxoro lnelte
actlt'1
Ha cTpeJIn OT MeA rparltre (zlu r]acT oT rax) ca
oceeu c [apr.tqHr4Te 3Halll,l Bt,B Bt',tA 3acera re ca
Karo napn' Tona ca ABOIiHare 6pa4'navrn'
cH cJlyxr.lJlrz ra c ApYf BI4.U, npeAMeTI{
3acB[rAereJlcTByBaHI4 or eAHO MaJIKO C'bKpoBI',lIIIe or ceAel\{ ABOfiHI'I 6pous
El'nrapzR'z Te' KaKro
B lOxna
flpr4 c. Kalyrepono, flaaapAxl'IlrlKo'
r4 foJIeMI,IHara HM (Alrxrana 12,5
cM' lrlnpl4Ha 7 c'tn u Ae6enl'rHa
rlo cpe'Ilara llM
6uar npe,u,na3HarleHn 3a ceql'tBa' rlft raro AyIIKara
I[bxHe B Hefl Apbxl(4.
ElAeunreHaXoAKI,IHacTpeno[oAo6ggCJIHT.bI{I{!tAsoftHla6paaznuxvlrIIeno3BoI'ITAa
3a polIfl,ra Iz,M B rbproBuflTa B Tpaxua npea
Haft-paHHaTa'
ce ycTaHoBflr r.r Apyrl4 noApo6nocrLl or n cpe6po
eroxa, flpeAx B.bBe)KAaHero Ha sBHaM"pJ*",
s f,'ouus , E'""u MoHera eJIeKTpon

naft-y4o6noTo cpeAcrBo 3a nJIauIaHe or ApeBnocrra

HacaM'

1Ae'ree-KauapoB' lI' c" 154' 216 ctt tr 224.

l'1Ah, XX'
2T. I e p a c o a. Clrponl4ule or ABoilHu
14 Hr
6pa4ar v ru or c. Ka.nyrepoeo, flasapaxuurno.

-915, 593 ca.

 CPENHOBEKOBHH NOI-PEEEHIIfl OT KOJIAPOB|PAACKO
B. AHTOHOBA

Hanoc'leAlr a KonaponrpaAcl(o npl4 I43KonHu palowt 14 npu coHAax[, H3B'bprxeHr4

or
Hac, ce orl(pHxa HsKo'tIKo clansuo-6l.llapCKI,I norpe6euza, Koaro
roBopsr 3a HaJraqr4ero Ha He-
KporronH r,r Iloce,rleHHf OT Cpe.4HOBeKOBI4eTO.

llorpe6eune or c. Cnuu nnp, Hononaaapcxo

flpes rr,r. ol(roMBpr4 n OrptxHna Hapo,qeH vryaeri s Ko.lapoerpal 6e AoHeceHo eAHo
l.ngHeHo l.bpHe c H3ropeJlll r{oBe[IKn KocrI4 n xe,rle3eH Bpbx or Konze.
Ha Mqcro ygHaxMe
cJIeAHoro: x(LlTe'lqr Ha ceroro Parieo Fle4e.lven KoraJr npbcr npeA r(bxrara
cLr, Koqro ce Ha-
MI1pa B Hgror{Hara qacr Ha ceJloro' u ua
a'r,n6ovzua 1,50 na no[a.4HaJr Ha topHara HaxoAxa. Ha
oKo'/Io 3 M ganaAHo or Her ce HaMepnno r4 BTopo r:bpte, xoero 6u.ro
cqyneHo r.r oue roraBa
napqerara ce pa3ntlJlena. L{rnoro t':bpHe c H3rope,rrrzre Kocrr4 B Hero
6u,ao rox.lyneHo c HeroJrsM
JIoMeH KaMbK I'l rocraBeHo B'bpxv xeJre3Hr.re Bpr,x or Koflae.
lrpuero [peAcraBnrrBa ypna 6es
'qpbxl(a' hp'aoro ce pa3lxl'IpflBa Harope 14 r4Ma gao6;rleno BeHr{e, Koero He e r43AaAeHo HaBbH
(o6p' 66)' Hak-uzgyrara qacr ca paMeHere, HaAo,ry ce crecHsBa fl no./ryqaBa griqensAna
Qopua.

O6p. 66. frpue or norpe6eunero O6p. 67. fr,pre c rz3ropenu qoReuKr.l Kocrrl
e Cnnrl nhp ot Cunu eup

Pa6oreno e Ha rpbHr{apcKo r(o,'reJro or t.rIHHa cbc cl4neH npHMec oT rlrrcbK I1I

e c pa3Mepr,r: Bn-
corruHa 16,2 cw, AzaMerbp Ha ycrxero 1l cu, Ha A.bHo?o 7,5 cllt,aua Haft-uelyrara qacr
17,4 cv.
Mex4y r.r3rope,'rHre qoBeruKH KOCTr.l) HaMHpauIr4 ce B Heto, Ir4rtaT Ao/,IHa qeJITOCT Ha
MnaA nHAHBIiA, KbcqeTa oT TeMeHHI{ A r,pytu Kocra Ha cKer'rera (o6p. 67).
 E9

Btpxtr or xofiro e crofJro rbpHero npn orKpr4BaHero My, r4Ma .rnrcro-

Korrrze, B'bpxy
sa4ua Qopnaa c pa3Mepu 34,5 ua 5 cu (o6p. 68). Or Anere crpaHl4 no cpeAara MI4HaBa cHJIHo
u3lbKHalr pr6, roriro K'bM ocHoBara ce pa3ulnpflBa H MuHaBa e roHycoo6pagHa Kyxa Apb)KKa,
.n'bJrra 13 cru. B ocuosara Ha JIHCToBHAHaTa
Lracr Ha B'bpxa or ABere crpaHz e npo6nra
tro eAHa Ma,rrKa AynKa c pa3Mepr4 0,3 cu.
flo nonrpxnocrra Ha repeHa ce Ha-
Mepzxa caMo HrrKor'IKo KlscqeTa oT t'bpHera
O6p. 68. Bprx or Konr{e, orxpr4r rro,q rr,pHero
c n'r.rnoo6pa3Hel yr1p26n rro rqx. c Kocru or Crnu nnp

Ilorpe6enus rpt{ c. ,(n6n,r, KolaponrpaAcKo

B rpaa Ha 1958 r. n OrprxHr4s HapoAeH uyaefi 6e cro6uleHo, qe npn r43KorrHH pa6orn
3a KaHaJr pa6oruuqrare ca orKpI4JrI,r r{oBeIrIKI4 tcocra. Ha Mqcro y3HaxMe cJreAHoro: Ha 150 rvr
a3TOqHo or ceJloro B MecrHocrra ,,Ceflcxara 6axua" rtpu HoBHTe LI3KorIu 3a KaHaJr Ha p. flo-
pofiHa Ha Arr6oquua oKoJro 1 ur pa6orHrzul{Te ca lroiIaAHaJII.l Ha rpa rorpe6enun, pa3[oJroxeHr4 eAHo
or ,{pyro ua 2-3 u. Cxererare ca 6wnw [ocraBeHn HanpaBo B 3eMqra, opI4eHTr4paHZ ceBepo.
r.r3ToK-roro3arraA, c r.r3onHaru upafinugu u c prblle, npn6panu Ao rtuloro. Bcrpanz oKoJro ra3o-
BHTe Kocrr.r Ha e.qHoro norpe6euze 6zlo naltepeHo tJIuHeHo r:bpHe I4 KbcoBe or Apyra cbAoBe.
Cre.nerr,rre 6unn npopq3aHr.r npu flpoKonaBauero Ha KaHaJIa, Karo B 6peronere ca ocraHaJIH
qepefir.rre n xpailnuqure, Ko?rro BrrocJreAcrBue 6unu H3poBeHH or pa6ornnuure (o6p. 69).
1. 3enasenrarrr rIflJr c:,4 LrMa @oprva Ha rbpHe c K'bca luruirrca n sao6aeuo Benqe, r,r3Aa-
AeHo aae'rH (o6p. 70).Hafi-uzayrara qacr Ha rtuloro e K'bM paMeHere. ,{rnoro e rrJrocKo r,r
paBHo. Ha 3 cna or Hero c rrrrro ocrpr.re ca Bpt3aHa ceAeM ycnopeAHr.r xopn3oHTarHvt trrvltzrr.

..'21
I
ig-
HAkO77

6g*
ffi
Orrp. 69. Pr:rLo.noxenue lra cre,lerrre Lrpu c. /{H6nu O6p. 70. ltpue or rorpe6euurta
nPu c. l{u6n'r

Cr,A'll e a:pa6oreu or r"'r'bcra, .uo6pe fipeqr4creHa cI4Ba rJIIlEa. Tori e noAo6eu Ha c:b,qoBere or
3noxyueu u flpecran.l [Io nonrpxnocrra My "rrtqar cJreAH or or,ra)KAaHe. Pa6oreu e Ha pbrluo
fpr,HlrapcKo Ko.rteJlo t4 r4Ma cJIeAHr4Te pa3Mepl4: BHcorl?rHa 15 cu, AHaMeT'bp Ha ycTr{eTo 12,5 cu,
Ha uari-ruupoKara r{acr 16 cn,I, Ha .rl'bHoro 9,2 cu"
2. L)'lrcpalH ca HrrKoflKo rlparlreHra, oQopunrqr.r AonHa qacr Ha cbA, H3pa6oren or
erpo:lr,pHecra fJIuHa c r"bMHOcr,lB r1sar. Toaz crrA e c MHoro Ae6eflH creHLI, oco6eno K'bM A'b-
r Cr. Crauqes u C'r. Zeasoe. Herponomr Ao Houu naaap. CoQur, 1958,73, o6p, 142;76"
-), ,\pxeoJorrt, rr,1-2, 1959
90

Horo. Ta3H rracr (KbM 4rnoro) e oQopMena c pbr(a H Hano4o6rBa npeceqeH r(oHyc. fituoro e
c AnaMerbp 11,3 cu n flpoAbnxaBa Qopruara Ha c'b,qa. 3anaaes e e.rl,t4H Qparrrrenr or Hari-uru-
poKaTa qacT, BepoflTHo orKbM paMeHere, cua6Aes c rpy6a, crrrecKana orK:bM yxoro fipbcreHo-

v
E*.

oaztas

O6p. 71. ,[prxr<a oL cr,g ol norpe6eurnra O6p. 72. QpaL uunrn or cr,A oT Itot peoeHrHTa
npu c. .[n6nu npH c. nu6uv

Br4LHa Ap'bxKa, qftsro AoJIHa tlacr ce lr3A'brxaBa Marxo KbM Trrnoro. flo sanaeeHara My qacr
He ,rruqn HhKaKBa yl(paca (o6p. 7l).
3. Llacr or A'a,Ho Ha rbpHe, paSorerro Ha
p'brlHo fp'bHqapcKo r(oreJro oT Tr,MHoqepBeHa tJrHHa
c npnMec Ha [r{c'bK. f,ruoro e orceqeHo H paBHo.
CrArr e 6un noAo6eu Ha rle,[r4s or cbuloro florpe-
6eHae (o6p. 72).
4. Oparuenrz or Ae6enocreHen cuBo-rrep
c'bA c'bc cHJrHo rrp6yx H rxHpoKa luaq, Koqro
vtT\yT
ce orAeJrrr or c n4nr6nara Jrn*nfl (o6p. 73).
rrrJroro
5. Oparrraenru or aucpopa or po3oBa Ao6pe
H3neqena rJII4Ha. lopuara noBbpxHocr e Harbnara
O6p. 73. Qparueurr.r or caAoBe ol c. ,{u6Hu or rxHpoKH xopu3oHTannz n4"nt6narr ulLlr\u.

CouAaxHn npoyqBaHr.rn npu c" U'bpKBr.rqa, HoBo[asapcxo

flper 1955 r. eKcleAluruqra
na ApxeoJlon4qecKlt{ aHcrltryr npa E't.lrapcKara aKaAeMHrr
Ha HayKETe, KOflTO flpoy{.rBa CJlaesHo-6rrrapcKnTe ce,rrHrqa MexAy lkucxa n cunucrpa, o6xo4u
H 3eMJr14luero Ha c. Il'rpxruqa. orlle rorasa 6e or6erq3aHa MecrHocrra ,,EKuveurMe rocrro(,
urero o6pa6ornane 3a ro3n 6eure :lanoqHano. Ilo cBeAeHr,rq Ha pasnnratv MecrHt4 )r(r.rreJrr ryK
B pa3flr{ItHn BpeMeHa ca Hauupanr napr{era or cbAoBe ?t qoBeIIJKTI Kocra. flpee npo,nerra Ha
1956 r. TaM r4gB6prxr4xMe qacrr4qHr4 couAaxHr,r npoyqBaHrrs.
ConAaxrr ce HanpaBI4 B ceBepHara Iracr Ha MecrHocrra, K'bAero ce HaMepr.rxa ro rro-
B'bpxHocrTa HsKoJrKo Qparrraea:'a n c'bAoBe. Toft 6erue AbJr.br 4 u uapoK 2 u, c flocoKa
3atlaA-r{3ToK.
Ha g,u6ouula l,2O vr nonaAHaxMe Ha norpe6euue qpe3 rpy[onoJraraHe Ha Bb3pacreH
,rHAnBnI\ op?IeHrrpaHo ceBepoH3roK - Iorosal]aA (o6p. 7\. Crce,uerrr c orrbHarx r<pafiuzqn 6e
nono)KeH na rpr6. Plqere [perbHarr4 B JIaKTI4Te !I Kp:bcTocaHr.r llprz cToMaxa" flo4 lptcrure
Ha AffCHaTa p'bKa ce oTKpr{ 6ponsoea ToKr{qKa oT KoJraH c TpanerloBr4na Qoprua, A'bJta 4 cM,
rxHpol(a 3 crr,r. Toxrzl{KaTa e Ao6pe 3arra3eHa u noKpr.rra c 4o6poxauecrBeHa naruHa. FIa Asc-
Hara crpaHa B'bpxy ra3a Ha norpe6aHur ce Hauep{ x(eJrrrsHo Hoxqe, cqyleno Ha ABe qacru, c
,'reKo r.r3Brrr rpr6. To e cna6Aeno c trrr{tt sa BTHKBaHe Ha,qpbx{r(a (o6p. 75). Pasrvrepu: AbnxaHa
 9l

10 crvr, ritLrpvHa 1,5 cM. Toxara, KaKTo I4 Hox'br ca HaMepeHI,t Ha Mlcroro, Ka'Aero e croflJl
Ko.rraH, c r(oriro e 6un npenacau norpe6auuar. floAo6nu norpe6euux or rpa6rnrapcKll HeKpo-
rroJru c roKr{, HoxoBe H Apyrr4 rrpeAMeru Ha KoJIaHare ce cpelI{ar n Honu na3ap, Ma4apa
n qpyraAe.l
Ha 20 cM or rJraBara Ha norpe6anng ce orKprz r,'ruHeHo
rbpHe, rspa6oreuo or rbMHoqepBeHa rJII4Ha, nprjMeceHa c erpo-
3'r,pnecr nrrc'bK, crc c@epavua rlopua, c K'bca tttuilrca c roJIttM
orBop u c,rla6o r.r3AaAeH HaBbH gao6.neu p'b6. Cua6leuo e c
ABe np'bcreHoBaAHa Ap'r,xKa c eJIHttcoBt4AHo ceqeHue.2 CtA'tr
e LI3ueqeH Muofo HepaBHoMepHo x nono. I4rr,ta paaruepkri BvlcoqqHa
20 cu, .u,EaMerbp ua Haft-uupoKara qacr Ha rqr'Ioro 25 cn,t, Ha
orBopa l8 cna. a Ha AbHoro 11,5 cvr. florpe5eHne, IIoAo6Ho Ha
ropnoro, c rocraBrHe Ha cbAoBe Ao rJlatsara Ha lorpe6anzr,
cpeqaMe B c./raBflHcKnre u npa6'bJlrapcKllTe HeKpoIIo.III4 KaKTo
y Hac, raKa v Apyra4e.a
Tyr ce orKps I.r AbHo or rbpHe or eApo3bpHecra
rJtI,tHa cbc cneAl4 or I43['bKHaJI 3HaK nO HefO ?I ABe npbcTe-
HoBrlAHr ApbxKLr or Apyrl4 rbpHera (o6p. 76-77).
BcHqrra ropettocoqeHH norpe6eHI,Ia ca HeMorI4Jrua. C"raeqH-
cKu HeMornlaa norpe6euraa y Hac I,IMaMe u rrptl c. Byxlon-
qr,r.a flpra Harur,rre norpe6eHna, u3r.rler{Aa, e oKa3aJI BIrLrnHue
HAI]AH'bT HA NOTPC5NAHE Y XPZCTH'IHHTE, KOT4TO HC CA HACI4TIBAJII4
Morr4Jra fi ca norpe6aaanu M'bprBlnre c IIocoKa 3anar-I43ToK.
B uaurrs c,ryvafi EHTepec lpeAcraBnrea norpe6eHzero
or CHHr.r Bnp, r,rgBbp[IeHo qpe3 H3tapsHe A c IlocraBflHe Ha O6p. 74. florpe6enue npr.r

Bp'bx or Konue no4 norpe6ailHara ypna. Tona cortn 3a rlotpe- c. lJ,rpxenua

6ense na BoeHHo JIHIIe. VI Ha rpytt Mecra ce
cpeua opb)Kr,re, nocTaBeHo n rpo6a ua norpe6a-
ur.rs,6 B cnyqafl
nMaMe cJlatsflHcxll o6uqail, Ha He-
MofrrJrHo norpe6enrze qpe3 I.I3rapnHe Ha rs,Tolo Li
rocTaBflHe KocTr.lre e ypHa. or Apyra cTpaHa,
c'bA'br lro cBonra Qoprraa ce orHacfl K'bM c'bAo-

O6p. 75. flpe4rvrerr, orKpr.rru rpn IIo- O6p. 76. ltpne or norpe6eunero lpu
r-pe6eauero npn c U'r'pxnr.rqa c. I-[rprenqa

1Cr. CrcrrqeB H Cr. AsasoB. U. c., ll, norp. 26; B. Muroe. nocreAnh r{orr.rJrg{ HaxorKr.r.
C6. Malapa, I, Cocpur, 1934, 43J, o6p. 291'
2 C. leopl heea. Pa:xonxr Ha Morrr,r,r XXXIII n XXXII e il.rrcra. llAl,l, XX, 25, o6p.20.
3 Cr. CraHqes u Cr. ZsaHos. tl. c., ra6.rr. VI, 14.
a K p. M d fi T e B, Eguu crapoc,raBsHcKrl 4n1'o6peaen HcxponoJr npu Eynl,ouulr (ueo6napoaaaua cralur);
..*(,
Br,x.ipoBa. Cratssucruqr HekponoJ e c. liyruoelu, Oprxoecro. Bx. ryx, crp.20 ca.
5 K). B. Kyxapenro. O ueroropsrx apxeororuqecKux HaxoaKax Ha Xapronrqune. KCI4I1MK, XLI,
195i, 106, o6p. 36.
92

Eere or T. Hap. caJrToBo-MafuKa r(ynTypa, qiluTo Hoct4Te.rrw y Hac ca flpa6.bnrapr4Te, npeAcraB-

ntrBaul,H Bropnar erHHr{ecK?I eJreMeHT Ha 6:bnrapcKara HapoAHocr B IX-X s. florpe6eHvflra,
rbpHerara L ypHlrre c xopHBoHTaIIHa u nr.nuoo6paeHa yKpaca lro rflx, KaKTo x cr,AoBere or
cHBa TJIHHa or nn6u\ cottar, ve norpe6enunra npnHaAnexar Ha crasqHo-6trrapcKoro Ha-
ceJIeHHe oT egHrIecKLIfl nepHoA. Epoueonara ToKa c:bc cBoqra Qopura a uapa6orra, KaKTo u
x{eJIe3HHqr Ho)K or Ko,rlaHa aa norpe6aaflrr or L-lrpr<nr.rqa trorBbpxAaBar 6r,rrapcxan npor.r3-

O6p. 77. @parrr,renrr or clAoBe O6p. 78. Cta or norpe6euvn

or c. L{tprauua or c. 3,noryueH (l4uaucrn)

xoA Ha norpe6eHl4ero. CxoAHx napaJlenr4 Ha Halrr4Te MarepaaJrfi fl Ha notpe6esvnra cpeulaMe

B HeKpo[oJla Ao HoBLI Ila3ap, KaKro r.r n norpe6eHnero rrpr c. trlnancxa (3,uoxyuer) (o6p. 7S).
Haurure norpe6enur noKa3Bar, ,{e Ha6nuao rpr6ea Aa ce HaMHpar cpeAHoBeKoBHr4 rro-
ceJIeHLIf, or IX-X n. Orxpaeauero a RpoyyBaHero KaKTo Ha troce;leHnrra, TaKa 14 Ha Her(po-
IIonIrTe ule no3BoJrfiT Aa ce B'b3craHoBa KapruHara Ha xuBora Ha HaceJreHl4ero B rosu xpafi,
HeloBaTa MaTepLlaJIHa J1 AyXOBHa i(ynTypa, KaKTo H HeroBaTa I'bcToTa B paHHoCpeAHOBeKOB-
HaTa efloxa.
 HEOEHAPOABAHII NAMETHI4IIH OT HOBO3ATOPCKO

H. KOIIqEB

nocneAHHTe roAlrHa B ceJrurrlHr4Te Morr.r,/I14 n HonoaaropcKo npH opaHe, npn HanpaBa

flpea
Ha q3oBHpH H ,4pyrH r43KorrHH pa6oru ca orKpI4Ta MHo)+(ecrBo apxeorornqecKH Marepl,taJI14, KoHTo
ce c.bxpaHrrgar n Hapo4nHn apxeo,'rorar{ecxu uysefi e rp. Hona 3aropa. Mexay rsx IrIe or6e'
neXLIM CJIeAHHTe:
l,rrHeHa raHuqxa. HanaepeHa e HaAr',r6ovnna 0,90M nptlcoH.u,a)KHI4Tepa3KonKI4,
1.
flpoBe.u,eHl npes 1939 r. B Morr4Jrara ,,fIaHLIqKa", KoflTo e pa3noJlo)KeHa Ha 1 xrr'r loxHo or
c.Kopreu. flaHa,{xara nMa Hr4cKo x Kyxo .rl,'bHo. OrB'bH, KaKro t4 orBt,rpe e 6oraro yKpaceHa c Ha-
pe3r4 H 3Hr-3a3H. Cera e pecraBpapaHa. Bncoql-rHa 0,043 M, Azal4errrp Ha orBopa 0, 125 nt n nua-
Mer.bp Ha AbHoro 0,035 rt,t (o6p. 79). Moxeru Aa rr orHeceM K'ttrM HaqaJloro Ha KaMeHHo-MeAHara
enoxa (KapaHoeo III).
2. MparuopeH cl,.q. HauePeH e Ha
Ar,'r6oqHHa 0,70 M np'n colr.u,axHI4re pa3KonKIz,
npoBAeHu rrpea 1940 r. n l'rcuAtr)ficKara Morh"rla,
KOflrO e pa3no.[o.xeHa Ha 1200 u ceBepoH3rorlFlo
crl Hona 3alopa. CrAtr r-rlta r,[ropua Ha KoHyc,
o6r'puar c ocHoBara Hafope. Br-rpetuHara, Kaliro
r-r B'bHruHara My noB'bpxHocr ca I\tuoro 4c'ipe

- _*,M,gJI___-rI:=

O6p. 79. f,ruuena naHHqKa O6p. 80. Mparrlopeu KoHycoBHAeH cr'A

a3rJraAeHa. Bucoqaua 0,051 M, .u,qaMerbp Ha orBopa 0,15 M I{ ArlaMercp Ha A:bHoro

0,037 ru (o6p. 80).
flo cnoqra cpopua ro3K c'bA e cxo,u,eH c rJIaHeHI,ITe ctAoBe, KoHTo ce cpeqar qecro B

ceJIntrlHgre Mofr4.rlrj, o6aragaau ttpe3 KaMeHHo-MeAHara enoxa, KaK'bBTo e cryqarr c e.zlaH fd'lI4HeII
c'bA or Kapauoecrara MorI{JIa (Kapanoao IV).
3.MpaMopeg HAo.l. HaruepeH e Ha Arn6o,{rHa 0,70 tr npn coHAaxHI{Te pa3KonKI4
npes 1940 r. e lrcHAroricrara Morr4.rra. Tofi e 6es rraea H B roBa cbcrosHl'le BacosvHara My Ao-
crura 0,095 M, MaKCHMaJTHa ulr4DHHa, Mepena B TagHara o6.nacr, 0,048 rvr a MaxcuMarna 4e6eluna
94

nFtl ce-laJHl[ero 0,016 u. tr4arlexAa, qe rtaBara e 6H,'ra c'beAUHeHa c rpyna c Kbca [rrag" Pa-
\{eFiere ca IiaKJ'IoHeHn. P'r'qere ca DpeACTaBeHH c'bc crpaHr.rrrHI4 I,r3pacr:bUn. flonoeHrrr rpl4'brbn-
HHK C.leABa HenocpeAcTBeHo noA pbllere. Kpaicara KaKro ornpe.l, raKa 14 or3aA ca paarpaHr4-
qeHt] c no eAHa ilIlt4rKa 6pas4a. CeAa,'rnuero e [peAcraBeHo c],c cna6a H3n'bKHaJrocr. I,l4onu'
e HanpaBeH or 4pe6nosbpHecr MpaMop (o6p. 81).
.[pyr MpaMopeu u1oJt or Honosaropcro ce cbxpaHflBa B
Apxeo.norr.rvecKnfl MyBeft n Co$ux (ana. No 742).
lrlnotrt Mo)KeM Aa orHeceM K'bM KaMeHHo-MeAHara enoxa (Ka,
pauoao IV).
4. l.nuHeH rrerlar. Flauepeu e ua 4rl6ovuna 0,60 M npn
coHAa)+rHaTe pa3KorrKH, trpoBeAeHH npe3 1942 r. B Motr4JraTa Trzlrarcr
(lTucnua uorula), KOfiro e pa3rroJro)r(ena ua 2 xv ceBepol3Toqno or
c. (},Arzeeo. ileqarr,r vMa Soprua Ha r(pt t c lr4aMer.bp 0,045 u r
Bl4coqnHa 0,0311 u. Bl,pxy JiHuero Ha rter]ara, cHa6Aeuo c rIHJrr4HApr{qHa
Apb)KKa, ca NloAe,1r4paH14 3aJroBeHa ABe BoJryrv, HaBATvr n o6parHa e4na
rra Apyra rocoKa (o6p. 82).
Taxrzea neqarr4 ca Ha[4epeHH B MHoto ceJluIuHH MotrJllt y Hac,
o6ilraeaua [pe3 HeoJIHTa rz oco6euo npe3 KaMeHHo-r\{eAHara eroxa,
5. MeLeH r{.nnH. FlartepeHe Ha 4u6ovvna 0,75 rvr flpu coH-
AaxHure pa3KorrKrz, trpoBeAeHn lpea 1940 r. B Morer.rrara flaHu'lra. Krr,r-
ut't, xotiro aua pr6one, e A-b.rrbt 0,14 rrr, ruupoK npra-ocrpaero 0,032 nn
H ;'re6er 0,021 u (o6p. 83).
floao6Hu KJT4HOBe ca 6vtnu r.r3[on3yBaHr4 npe3 Ka[4eHHo-MeAHara
O6p. 81. X'lpavopeH rao.'r
enoxa,
6. Meaira 6pa4aa. HauepeHa e Ha 4r,n6ovaHa 0,60 M nprz coHAaxHr4re pa3KonKH,
npoBeAeHH nrres 1939 r. B MofnJrara B MecrHocrra ,,tro percara", Kosro e pasno,'roxeHa Me)KAy
ce"Iara LIepxono, Craposaropct<o z Pyrwaur, Iionosar'opcKo, Ho lolt<Ho or rrrx Ha oKono 11.i, Krlr.
[)pa4aara e c orr{yfleHo Ha[o,rroBrHa yxo, r'bnra 0,20 u, rrrapor{a npu ocrpuero 0,039 M H Ae-
6e,ra 0,034 v (o6p. 84).

OJp.83.,\'leAen x,rnn

O6p. 82. l,rlrueH neqar O6p. 84. Me4ua 6pa4na

Tarcupa 6paanu y Hac ,qocera ca HaMepeHH caMo ts ceJrr,rrrlHara Morr4Jra 4o c. la6apeso,

Kaaan,rr,uro, B,[,parouaH. Moxeu Aa orHeceM 6pa4nara KbM KaMeHHo-MeAHara enoxa.
14

7.1nuHeH cr4. flpea BpeMe Ha c:brquTe pa3KolKlt Ha c'blIlara .(u6oqnaa ce HaMeprd

u erur rJrHHeH cbA c rlyqypqe. lrproro, KaKTo n nA,rr6narLrlara, Korrro Aenr.I c'b,qa Ha ABe
HepaBur.r !racrr{, ca yKpaceHr.r c rpaQzr. Bacoqssa 0,0E5 ru, .(uaMerbp na rrp6yxa O,l2
0,125 u r.r AuaMerbp Ha ribpnoro 0,044 rra (o6p. 85).

I,
 95

Moxeu .u,a orlleceM c:bAa K'bM KaMeHHo-MeAHara elloxa'

8. f IHHeH?r cbAoBe. HauepeHaca Ha Al"n6oqnHa 0,60 n'rnpr o6p'bulaHe HaHHBa B
Jro3e npe3 1936 r., Haxo.4sula ce Ha 200 M H3roqHo or c' Uesuno'
a. l.rtl.lnen CT'.l( c ABe Ap'b)KKH, BICOK 3aeAHO C,U,pt'X(KI4Te 0, 15 M' AI4aMeT'I'p
Ha T'bp-
6yxa 0,161 M H AITaMelbp Ha ycrzero 0,097 r',l (o6p' 86)'

()6p.8tl. I-nHHen crll c Br-rcor{14 rpi,r(Krl

6. l.ryngeHa qa[ra c eAHa Ap'l)+(Ka, BrcoKa Bae.4Ho c Apri]I{Kara (1,122 crvr, Al,taMerlp HA
rrp6yxa 0, lUS rrt pt AUaMeIF,p Ha Ycrr4ero 0,075 u (o6p.87)'
Cr,Aosere npelcTaB,'rsBaT Mr4KeHCKu Tr4rl 14 Mo)KeM Aa rI4 oTHeceM MexAy X
VIII n. np u. e. (r<r'cuo6pou:ona cloxa).
g. )Ke"{eBeH Ho}K. HanrepeH npz pasKprBaHero Ha MorttJIeH rpo6 npes 1943 r. s
,/ro.3cro Ha l{eu.ro 14eaHog cr c. I-rorouu"loBo) Crapoaaropcxo. Toti e A.r'nbr 0,i3 12 n't 14 IUltpoK

O6,p. ES I{e.resen Hox

O6p. 87. l-rusesa qaua c BHcoKa ap'bxKa O6p. 89. Xeaegeu aox

0,034 na. EAnHcrseHurrr opHaMeHT Bbpxy Jlr4qeBara qacr sa Hoxa ca ABe ycnopeAH9l B,U,nb6Haru
ilnHull (o6p. 8B).
floao6Hn Hox(oBe ce cpeu,ar Hafi-qecro s rpaxuficxare MoTHJIHI'I rpo6one or III n. np. H. e.
10. )KeJre3eH Hox. HaMepeHnpr.rA6n6aEerlauaraHa qsoBl4pa' Koliro rpy.4oBo-Koone-
pargBHoro 3eMeAeJrcKo cronaHcrBo B c. KapalroBo, Honoearopcxo, [pe3 1957 l' SanoqHa Aa
crpog B lerJloro na p. .[lepvreHAepe na 3 ru ceBepuo or ceJloro' Hoxlr e A:bn'br 0,50 ru vt
mr.poK 0,067 n,I. Btpxy xere3Hlrq rur4rr Ha ,u,p'b)KKaTa e 3aIIa3eHa AynKaTa' B Koero e craBaJlo
3aKoBaBaHero Ha A'bpBegara o6BI4Bxa. flo JILrcra Ha Hoxa JII4IIcBaT KaKBIITO
u Aa ca opHaMeHTI{
(o6p. 89). OcaeH Ho)Ka ca HaMepeHH ocraHKr.r Or )KHJIHIIIa u Apytvt MaTepItaJIH.
 NPAI4CTOPI4I{ECKOTO IIAKOJITIO CEJIHIIIE NPH C" E3EPOBO,
BAPHEHCKO
l. TOHqEBA i{ A. MAPFOC

flpes nropara ro,'roBuHa Ha M" aBrycr 1958 r. 3a[or]Ha [por]licrBaHero Ha r.hHoro Ha

BapueHcroro e:iepo lofo3allan,Ho or c. Esepono. BapHeucro, Orrte B Harlar'roro F a r3i{orrHr,rre pa-
6orr ce ugBanvxa ro,/laM 6pofi lrpneHH KoJroBe, KepaMr4qeH Marepua.rr, op'bAlrq Ha rpj/Aa n
op'b)I(LJtI, Kocrl4 o'r .4oMaIIlHa i.l Ar.iBrr )r(HrJorHa. Ky,rrypHare MareplraJlrz r4gtruaaxa Ha eAHa fiRuua,
txllpoKa 3-- 4 nr, Kpal'i car,{Hq e3epeH 6prr Ha Ar,r6o,rana or 6,5 Ao 7 lr. flocreneuuo al,l6aq-
KaTa 3anoqHa lla lloAKonana 5pera. fIoA sero {a c'bilIaTa Arn6o,lllHa flpoAbn}r{?rxa JIa u3rrd3aT
Ky,'ITypHI4 MaTepplaJll4 Ollle oKoJIo 4 v, tara ue npOcTpaHCTBoTo rra HaxoAKr..rTe ce oqepTa KaTo
eAHa uBrl[a, tur4poKa 7-8 r,r v nbrta or 35 4o 40 Lr (o6p. 90).

O6p. 90. O6u ilsrJea Ha Mrcroro Ha HaxoAKr{re

flpu r.rsxonzre B e3epHoro ,q-bHo Mo)Kaxa Aa ce onpe,qerrrr rterr.rppt trJ-racra. Hali-ropHanr

nrlacr ce cbcroene or c'bBpeMenuz o6pasyBaHas. I-IoI Hero cJlenBaue rracr rlrrc'bK, npHMeceH
c qepynKr4 or cJIaAKoBo4na Qa1'ua (Unio tumidus, Anadonta sp.). Tperaar nJracr, 3Haqr4reJrHo
no-4e6en, c'btrlo ce ct croeilIe or nnc:bK, Ho [puMeceH c r]epynKu or MopcKa Qayira (MytiLaster
monterosati, Sindesmya ooata Phyll., Cardiurn edule, Ostrea taurica, Hidrobiaoentrosa M.ont,,
Rissoa aenusta Phvl). I,{ueHHo B ro3I-I l,iacr ce orKpHXa apxeo,xorr4r]ecxr{Te lrarepua.ra. Hali-
.nonHI.IsT n,nacr 6e MepleJIeH, cbc cgBo-3e,rleH rlBrr. B nero He ce rraMepuxa HEKaKBZ KynrypHrz
\tarepuarh (o6p. 9l).
 ot

n'br npe3 1921 r' IIpH npoKO-

Ocranxn OT HaKOJIHO ceJlllilIe ce oTKpuxa y HaC 3a rrpbB
naBaHero Ha KaHaJra Mex.4y Bapuellcroro n Ee,noc.rraBcKoro
(l-e6e4xencroro) esepo npu c' crpa-
KOJIOBe' Qparveuru or KepaMI{Ka'
urqMHpOBo, BapHeHcXo.l 14 rOraea ca I{3BaAeHI'I MHo)KeCrBo
e.4nH rlrrJr c6.U,, KaMeHHyr H KpeMbqHI,t Op.5AHs Ha Tpy4a
H OpbXItq' fnHO 6e, qe HaKOJIHOTO ce-
IIOTB6pAI'I OT HaxOAKI'lTe Ha HO-
JrHrIe He e 6vI.rIO e.4I4HCTBeHO a53 BapneuCKOTO e3ep9. TOea ce
Boro naxo.lno ceJIHUre npla c. Eeepono'
KarrO II'bpBOTO HaKOJIHO CeJIII111e' TaKa I'r BTOpOTO Ce B 3a11a'4HaTa rlagT Ha
OTKpI{Xa

BapHenCrOrO eSepO. Tn e C?IJIHO CTeCHeHa H HOC[{ I'IMeTO ,,EOa3a"' Ha rOSa MfCTO eSepHI'ITe
6peroae ca o6pac.lu c rbcTa TpbcTvKa. ot ror H oT CeBep ce I43Ar'llaT
BHC

qacT Ha esepoTo or 4o 6peroaeTe IzMa

ceBepoI43TOqHr{ BeTpoBe. Enraso
B eseporo ce BbAu pa3noo6paSHa QayHa' Bcuqxn resn 6raronptlfrTna
rrpHBJreKnI{ TyK r{oBeKa olqe B flpaHcTopl4qecKu BpeMeHa'
or uaxoAruTe, KOtrTo npor,r3xoxlaT T HaKOJIHOTo ceJII4lIIe npH c. Eseponot
Hafi-MHO-
KaHI{re oT T' Hap'
ro6poeH e KepaMgqHilttT MaTep6a.n. Haft-rO.ngM HHTepec [peAcTaBnflBar "nPeA-
tUn KaHu HMaT MeXOBIaAHO TqJIO' K'bCa qEnHHApHrlHa IIIHftKa' pa3nono-
uoa3HarcKr],, TvtE,2 TOan
HaKJIOHeHa KbM HerO' I4 yA'bnX(eHO B
)r(eHa B npe,LHr,rq rpafi Ha TSJIOTO H [OBeqe I]JIL nO-MaJIKO
nJIOCKa v r431tv3a HAL ycTl,teTo'
npeAHHs Kpaft H KOSO OTCeqeHO ycrl4e. ,l,p.5xrara e MaJIKar

O6p. 92. Kana ,npe.nnoa3l4arcKu' rfin

O6p. 91. Paspes ra Kynrypul{fl nnacr
oT KaHHTe I4Mar csepuutto
Tns xans uuar [JI96KI'I eJII4ncoBH'u,Hvt r:rla (o6p' 92)' 'I|pyra 'lacr ycrr4ero. Vcruero e cblllo
C'beAI',IHffBauIa TtIJIOTO C
TsJro, IIHJII,IHApI"ITIHa lfv'- H flJIOCKa .u,p'b)I(Ka'
ca nnocxu' Ho Kpbrna (o6p' 93)'
Koco orceqeHo. ,[,tHar a vM c'bulo
rprl BVtAa: c IIIHpOKI',I ycTHtlr c
Haft-ro.lstl e 6poxr Ha rbpHerara' KoI4To ca rJIaBHo
recun ycrl4a l,t c Y.nefi ttPr Ycruero'
|bpueraraoTII,bpBHgBI,IA(o6p.94)Hrr,ratqfiqesl,I,4HaQoptuaHaTqIoToHluHpoKooT-
1a IJIOCKpI' B eAno oT Tqx 6axa HauepeH[ oBbf-
BOpeHo ycTqe. .Il,tuara r.rM ca [II4pOKI'I, Kp'brnn
yKpaCeHL B rOpHaTa IOJIOBLIHa Ha TqIOTO C
)KHTO I,r eqeMI4K.3 l'rpnerara OT TO3H Tun Ca
JIeHI/t
eJrHnc oBuI.Hl4' nyHapHI'l' Kp'btna u pou6ou4Hn
reoMerpr.rqHH opHaMeHTr4: Tph.brbnHn, [paBo'btbJlHr{,
I4AI4, XVII, 1950, 215-218 ; K. lll x o p-
M u r o s. CIeIu oT HaKoJIHo cenrule npu c. CrpauruMllpoBo.
Bapua, 1922, 25-26; B' M n x o e' flpeAucropnqecKu cerlHula
n H r, Kaxso Mox(e Ia ce Br,lr ere Bapueucxnn
n'lysefi.
r{ HaxoaKlr n Br,rrapnn. Cotprzn, 1933, 110 ctt'
1940, 74-75;
2 B. M u x o e. CeruulHara Moruna npu louaunre, flasapaxuurxo. fHEMfla, 1937-1939, coQnn,
enoxa' fMfllo, r' II, 1950' 107'
n. A e r e n. Xapar<repHa qeprri Ha rrIl.IHeHLIre c'bIOBe or 6ponsonara
; Onpeaeaenu or a-p A. flonoa, Aupemop ua CeacxocronaHcKl'tfl vysefi' CoQua'
13 Ap:eonorrr, xn. l-2' 1959
 98

BEJl'b6HaTr4Hrj. HaHeceHB B enBH

IO rleTupr-j pe[a, uJrr4 [peAcTaB,/TsBaT
-_- peA
r- OT Klbca Halpacrana
rIepTIt, HaHeCeHa [oc"rleAoBaTeJIHo
BbB BepTr{KaJIHo HJrr.r Koco noJlox(e'He.
y*za (o6p. 9b) raruar ctrepzvuo rn.rro, cr4rrHo rz3rr.bc*a'a
i"::::'::-:]:lr yipaca. eparueHrr.r or ro3z BH4 r.bpHera 6axa
B:bHrrHa
uq DDq4nd llr{

:ffiffI11J::"H:":": .::11 HauepeH' B

BaHH B HaK..rrHoro ce,'rr4rrre. Ts noro rrM ycrr4e,

ao6pe .".nrou"""u;"'ffi;ffi;":;'ffffi
raKa H roreMz.sr wtt 6poft uu AaBar B.baMoxHocr Aa onpeAenrM
TqXHoTo [peAHa3aarleHHe CJlyx<u1u Ca 3a C.bXpaHrIBaHe Ha
TCI{HOCTZ.

O6p. 93. Kana c roco orceqeHo vcrae

O6p. 94. lbpHe c yKpns2 O6p. 95. llpne 6ea yr<paca
Hqroz r:bpHera aMar yneu 3a H3JrHBaHe npr{ ycTHeTO,
rrJrocKH CTpaHuqHa Ap'6I(KH
a 4pytl Ca cna6Aenn c MarrKa
uilH USAaT\rJE.
t{aruvre c erHa
Apbxr(a (o6p' 96) w na'nr\ure (o6p. 97) npercraBnnBar
qacT OT KepaMr4r{Hr.iq c:bxlo roJrflMa
MaTepr4a,l,
Cr,rosere or HaKoJrHoro ceJrzrqe npr4 c. Esepoeo
C MOPCKI{ IIflC'bK, C.bA'bP)I(AU{ HATPOIIICHI4 MH.qEHH qEPYNKI] or rJrr{Ha, [pr4MeceHa
ca aspa6oteun
14 HyMyJrr-rrr4. Bczqrz ca zspa6oreHu
6es rpruuapcKo Ko,re,ro. 3arla4eH a ca c
T.r)KaH urlu MaJTKH KocreHH
rIelIe"IIqBI-t, cr-tBo-qepHU AO r{epHr.t.
r.naAn.nrcu. Te ca cr.rBo_
BA.ryr6narzre opHaMeHTra B6pxy
cb4oBeTe ca HaHeceHn c HoKbT, Tbrlo uu,Io, cJIaMKa, OCTpI,Ie, pe_
BerI a BpbB. Hqxoa c6.4oBe ca HMaIIr4 3a yKpaca MaJIKLI nT,rrKH
?t cTpaHrlqH14 n3[aT.brJu.

ceqEBa' HaMepeHI4 B cenzlrrHI4re Mor'rrr{

o6p. 96. fr,pne c eaHa .
ap:bxKa X"j::111t a Er.rrapua.
,\poMeJrHHTe
KaM.bHI,r HMaT rrpaBo:brb,rrHa
Qopnra. loleuusr 6pofi
KpeMbq'a orJloM'but rIoKa3Ba, qe HaceJIeHHeTo
cenarqe e zspa6orea"ro KpeMtqHrz cegr.rBa. or ToBa HaKoJIHo
oco6en xHrepec [peAcraBntBar
ABara KocreHr, r.r'crpyMeHr a, c.ty]Kurr.r ga orJrax,EaHe
Ha creHHTe Ha rJraHeHH Cb,qoBe
ilpu zspa60rnauero au. HanpaneHZ a" or
nJIeIrIKa Ha ryp' fllroo6pasuoro
HM ocrp'e ce e r43r.rcKBaJro or c@epavnara As.Ha JrflBa H
Taxzea op'blHfl ca HaMepeHri B Qopnaa Ha c6.qoBere.
K:bcHoHeoJrarHoro cenhr]Ie npz .Ilyra_Bpy6leneqr<ar,r
or 6poueoaara enoxa np,o
flonera, Kexenu4ou6.2 rIoAo6Hs
ceraulero
cerrr4Ba ce HaMfipar 3a np.bB flbr y Hac.
1C. FL En6aros. paHHerprjrro,/rbcKoelo.-.1_.Ir.
C. A. Ce^MHoB. Ilepeo6nrnaa r.*nrnu, M._JI., "lyxa_Bpy6,rreeeqrag.M._,rI., lgEB, Iis_l16; Bx. c:brrro
lg'7,215-216, o6p. 99 u i00.
t t' Das Tisza-Maros-Kdrcts-Gebiet uis zJu Entwicklung der
tgt2, 88,;.#. il,t ,1iJ." Bronzezeit. Leipzig,
 99

(o6p' 98)' To C B'bB

Hai't-ueHua HaxoAKa cpeA ueJII4fl Mareplaatl e !''LpBeuoro opa'x(I4e
KaMa. flo Anere cTpaHI'r Ha opbxuero uMa cae,l(rl oT r43Agtl-
soprlra Ha nBycTpaHHo 3aocrpeHa
BaHe c KpeM'bqHO HO)Kqe. oprxue oT AT'pBo ce HaMLpa 3a npbB IIl'r B Blnrapux'
H AuaMeTbp' ne6e-
L4sna/tuxa ce H rorrrM 6pOft AlpeeHI4 KO,TIOBe C pa3Il',lqHa A'b./I)KHHa
Tflx ,4ocrzla 0,90 rvr s o6}txonxa u Ao 3 M
ol A:b"I)KIzHa' Ha oHBq or Tgx, Ha
Jfiitara Ha liflKol{
KoHTo 6e sanaeeHa AoJIHaTa r{acT' ce 3a6encaBaxa cJIeAI{
oT

H3OCTpgHe c Tbno op'bAI'Ie. Blpxy resl'l KOJIOBe) 3a6url4 B

eSepHoTo A.b!-io, ca 6n,nn nocrpoeHu xonu6I4Te Ha CeJII4UeTO,

llsMa3BaHI4 c ,ue6e.l nJlacr rJII'IHeHa Ma3la'llKa' or KoflTo
ce

cperrrnaxa vruoro6pofiHr'r @parlneHru c ornellarbll"4 Bbpxy

rsx Ha oAtuaHH A:bpBeH?l KOJIOBe. lo'neMuqi 6pofi no'rryus-
r]e O6p. 97. f:tuHeHa natruqa
ropen[ KO,'lOBe HU AaBaT ocHoBaHlze Ia [peArloJJalaMe'
TOBa HaKoJIHo ceJII',lIIe e 3afI',IHaJIO OT rloxap'
Hace.neuzero Ha HaKoJIHoro ce'rI4IIIe ce e 3aHt{Ma-
BaJIO ClrC 3eMe.(e,{ne' CKOTOB'I'IICTBO' JIOB, a BepOqTuO
HC
pa6olon, rtft xaro ce orKpl4xa rorlrM 6poft rocttl or AI'IBI4
O6p. 98. Oprxue or atpBo
(ryp, enen, AI4Ba KorKa, rocreHypxa) u AoMaUIHI'l )KLIBorHa
(roH, rone4o, oBIIa, Ko3ar cBllHn u xyue)'1 )Kztelure Ha
por Ha eJleH, A'bpBeH}l, a BepotlTHo I'l c
ceJrHxIeTO Ca cu cnyx(zJll4 C KaMeHHI',l' KocTeHH' OT
KpeM'bqIIH ra 6pousonuz oplxlrn 14 opa'r,rt{ Ha rpyAa'
qepynKl4
oT MOpCKtr Me-
Hanaupanero Ha Kynryplll'lre MarepxaJll'l B nracra' cr"ll''bpxalq
npe,u,craBJlttsaro Atn6ox
KOTeII'I, IIOKa3Ba, qe ceJIHIqeTo e cbIIeCTByBaJIO' KOraTo
e3epoTo e

MOpcKI4 3aJII{B.
r4 Ha nbpBo MscTo KepaMHKaTa oT HaKOJIHOTO CeJIHUIe npa
Ky.rrrypHrare MaTepnanr4
UIHHTe MorI4JIv npvl Kapll'nono,:r
c. Esepono HaMr4par napanenz B MaTepl,tanl{Te, oTKpHrH B CeJII
Mano'le'8 Kol'tro ce AarBpar or
IOuaqure,a Kanuras ,4,uuurpraenc,,6 Muxanuu,o Becernnoeo'?
qa[Iu c Ap'b)KKH' Kot4r6 ce
6pOn3Onara elgxa. Or 4pyra CTpaHa' ;,I4flCaTa Ha ocTpoAr'HHH
ABe
OT 6pOHSOnara e[OXa' H HaJII{ql4eTO Ha
HaMr4paT B IOpHHTe IIJIaCTOBe Ha CeJII4IqHI4Te MOIHJII4
3Haqr4reJleH 6pOri cl4cne C MexoBH.[Ha QOpua, xapaKTepna
3a fl'bpBara IIoJIOBuHa ua 6pOHao-
CeJIIIXIe IIpH c' Esepono or IIbp-
BaTa eroxa,g HZ AaBar ocHoBantre Aa AaTHpaMe HaKoJIHOTO
BaTa Ha 6poneonara enoxa'
TIOJIOB]|,Ha
3a BCe o[le
fO.nevlugr 6pOfi vareplzaJll4 OT rOBa HaKOJIHO CenHUIe AaBar HoBlr AaHHI4
He4o6pe r43cJreABaHara 6ponaona KyJrrypa n Bl.nrapul. ocseH
roBa HaxoAKljre npeACTaBIqBaT
r{e OT CeJII{Ue' BI4AI HeAocTaT'bqHo npO-
rOJrgM riHTepec u nopa.UH TOBa npOI,l3xo)I(AaT HaKoJIHO

yqeH y Hac.

CoQnr.
L OnpeAeneHu or npoQ. Cr' I4eaxon or Berep'-ve1' S-r na CelcxocronancKara axa'(eMutt'
2 Br,pxy eaga KaMeHHa r{yKanKa ce HaMepnxa creqr or 6potts'
r G.Seure et A. Degrand. Exploration de quelques tells de laJhrace' BCH' XXX' 1906'359-432'
1940' 55-85'
a B. M u r o n. Cernurnuru-"o.rru npu c. fOnauure, nasafaxutuxo. lHEMllr, 1937-1939' CoSan'
sn.Aeree'CeayxlHaTaMolI4JIaEangranpllKanlrau.I|nltltrpneno.lMtl.lo,r.II,1950,1-25.
G B. Mu ro n. flpeal4cropl'rqecKoro ceJII4[Ie ao c' Muxa'luq, Ceuleurpagcro'
Pfl' I' 1948' 1-23'
? B. M u x o e. cefluulHara ruorl4rla or 6pouaonara enoxa ao c. BecelrlHoso ' 'AAI , XIII' 1939' 195-226'
8ll. Aeres. CeruuHara MorI4rIa Paexonasuua' I4AI4' XVII' 1950' 171-188'
I fl. A e r c e. XapaxrepHu qepru Ha rJIIlHeHure cbaoBe or 6ponsooara enoxa' 108'
 HEOJII4THO CEJIHTUE TIPLI CEJIO CIIATI,IHA

(flp eaB a p are Jr H o c:b o6 u1 e H r e)

H. NETKOB
flpee 1928 r. flpa npoKolaBaHe aa coSuficrcara oKonoBp.bcrHa N(n, trr'H'fl
ro)r(Ho or
c' Cnaruila B MecrHocr"ta ,lpap,unu" or Lr3Korlr,rre ca 6wru a3poBeHr4 Ha npore)KeHr4e
oT lO0 u
MHofo TJIHHeHH cb'4oBe, K'bcoBe oT IJIuHeHH MazuIIKu, KaMeHHH opu1r4;.,
XpIBoTgHCKrz Kocrp r,t
Apyru npeAMerLI' Kot4To 3ae.4Ho c lz3KonaHara 3eMq ca 6unu Ir3xB:bpJrrrHn Bbpxy r,r3ToqHara
no-
HncKa qacr Ha Ll3Konzre, Toea HaxoAl'tue craBa LI3BecrHo
Ha Myser 3a r4cropr4s na Co@nr or
1956 r' flo-rlcuo, npee ig58 r.' My3e.fir opralt'3apa sa6.rrcAenue
sa o6erra, 3acrparueH np,
[poKonaBaHe Ha yclope.4Huq Cbc cbllrara )Nil. rlwH4s KaHaJr-KOneKTOp
B roror.r3ToqHara qacr Ha
MecrHocrra ,Poca'rrra". B a3KonHTe Ha Kanara ca 6urtu
orKpl,rrlz Ha B,S0 nr 4u6ounna Nil4-
nHuIHr'r xopr'r3.Hrrr or fo,'qMo no npocrpaHcrBo fipe,qncropl4rrecKo
ce.rar,Ie.l
Or nanpaneur4re B npo,46,rtxeHne Ha .4Ba
Meceqa Ha6rroneHzq Ha orKpr.rrr4Te B KaHaJra_
I(CJIeI(TOp )\<UI|I4UIHI4 XOpH3OHTH H HaMepeHrirTe B TffX
[peAMeTr.{ ce ycTaHoBI4, qe B IotoH3TOitHaTa lracT
Ha MecrHocrta ,Poca;lsKa,, IoxtHo or c. Claraua
npe3 TpeTOTO Xnrrrno,'reTHe [p. H. e. e Bb3HnKHaJrO
ronqMo ceJraule oT cpeAnns HeoJtHT, KOeTO OT
Iz3ToK K'bM gana\ r4wa npu6,tnanre,nna .q:bJI)KrjHa
or oKoJro 350 u n or ceBep KbM rot floBeqe or
100 u xtupula (o6p. 99).
!'r,t6oxzre Io Z tt H3Konr{ Ha Kalarra
lo3Bo,t[4xa Aa ce [pocreAqT B IISflOTO r.tM npo_
TexeHze OTKpITTzTe B Tsx x(r4JIaxIHz xopr43oHTr,t
O
ll.,r'f;,t
5OO rOOo M or BcfiqKlr xsn6o'tuuu, Bsxa ycraHoBenn TpH
KynrypHn rrJracra, Koaro uali-4o6pe ce ua6.nrcAa-
Baxa Me)r(Ay ABaAeceT !r TpeTr.ts 14 uecT,[eceTrrs
Merr,p 3ana4Ho H Ha oKoJro 50 M [gro,{Ho or ueH-
TpaJrHara [raxra Ha KaHaJra. Brpxy c.loft or
qaKT,,lI, npnMeCeH C )}(bJITO-3eJIeHa rJIAHa, Ce OTI(pH
O6p, 99. MecronoaoxeHxe Ha ce,txruero
npu c. C,raruna
oKoJro I rr,r Ae6er nJlacr or rlrcbx t4 tlvtla, Har
,l-Pocafreke i 2-f pagunn; J-KyknrBa
rorlro pBuqr, nali-Aonet Kynrypen
Jre)KerrJe nt
6apa
4-ronloqesrpanata
;
nJlacr, 4e6en Ao 2,lO vt, B ocHoBara Ha xoriro
1 Ha6'rrcaeHuqra B I'lsKo[I'lre
Ha RaHara, Bb3noxeuh or Myser 3a ucroplq ua rp. Co6ua Ha
roaa cbo6qeH.,e H Ha c'hrpyr'I'rKa npI'I My3es M. faapu,roea, aBTopa Ha
6"xa r,surprxeH'r rpe3 Bpelre Ha rrpoKorraBaHero Ha
KaHa'ra or cv
"znxcrpofi" or 4' V ao 13. vI u or 22.rx rc 17. x. 1958 r. Bcu'xfi rpe,qMerr.r, or*pr.rrr B r.r3Konr4re
or cenatuara n,,lpaaunu'u nptl TonJIoIIeHTparara ce c;xpaHnBar
H3 KaHa'rIa' KaKTo l.{ Te3h
ip coQur' ,fuennur: r Ha pa3KonKHre ce Boaeue or M. faapaloea. c,ryNe6eu orroBopHr-rKe Mysefl 3a r4cropr.i.s Ha
or crpaHa ua uysea 6e
]'petBHqrara M. Cran,{eea.
 101

10 cM roprura npocrofiKa, a HaI\ Heg nJIbrHa Macar Ae6ena 0,60 M' or

r.rMarlle oKoJro
qepBeHH l43neseHlt rJIrlHeHI-l K'bcoBe c oTnesaT.blln Ha KOJIOBe v np'brLl oT pa3pyueHl]

xr4J*rula. Ha4 ntpnuq Hari-AoneH KynrypeH nJlacr ce

orKpl{ Bropgflr KyarypeH flJlacr' 'u'e6en Ao
Or pa3pyneHl4 KoIH6Iz - nJIacT'
1,10 M, B OCHOBaTa Ha KOftro cbulo TaKa IzMaIIIe ocTaHKH
rlepBeHa I43IIeqeHI{ rJII'lHeHI'l K'5COBe C OTIIeqaT:bIIH Ha KOJIOBe' Tpeturr'
Ae6eJr AO 0,60 M, OT
I43KOflETe rla KaHAilA' I'rMaIIle '[e6enl.rHa AO
Haft-topHaqT IIJIaCT, OTKpI4T Ha HSKOJIKO MeCTa B
ocTaHKH OT pa3pyll]eHll )I{I4JII'tilIa'l
0,70 v, B ocHoBaTa Ha r{ofiTo Ha HqKOJIKo MecTa ce oTKpvxa
IlIHpOKfl Ao 1,40 M' B MOMeHTa
flopa4r,r ToBa qe roJlrrMa qacT oT I,I3KOIII4Te Ha KaHaJIa'
A HgKOl4 OT TqX V gapVlHATU' Ha6nn-
Ha OTKpI4BaHeTO Ha CeJII{IIeTO B TflX 6qxa Beqe I'I3KOIIAHI,
KaKTo Qopn'rara, TaKa u pa3Mepldre Ha }r<ultlt-
Ae'Errra He Moxaxa rloJroxr{TeJrHo Aa ycraHoBflr
ua,raoTTpHTeKynTypHI4nnacTa'aocBeHToBapa3py[IeHV'ITaBoTKpHTI{TeI]acTHoTxHJILlu[a
3arIa3eHI4 ocHoBH HIITo or eAHo
6sxa or raKoBa ecrecrBo, r{e HuKGAe He Mo)Kaxa 'u'a ce orKpllsr
)Kr4r[4[Ie. floqra rIoA BCeKI.{ nlacT oT |JII4HeHI4Te K'bcoBe
oT Ma3I',IJIKI'I I4MaIIIe qepeH ropgn nJIacT',
IIpe,u,MeTHTe B Hero 6rxa onyrueHl4, a HsKou
O6fopenu. HarraepeuaTe Ha MHOrO MeCTa I',l3 Helo
Kap60Hr,r3t4paHa 3'l,pHa or Ol.ift (Vicia ervilia), rIxeHI4IIa
(Triticum oulgare)' ABy3t'pHecr nI'IMeU
(Triticum dicoccum) u 6pauruo 6axa paanp'bcHarH
Ha roJleMI4 rlpocTpaHcTBa,2 olHl4ulaTa LI MeJIHI'lIlHTe
6sxa Hanr.nflo pa3pylxeHfi' a xpoMennTe I{ xaBa'
Hrare ce HaMepllxa o6lpuaru H He Ha onpeAe-
JICHI{TC EM B XI4JIHUIATA MCCTA.
Haft-ronuusr IIJIacr A, orKpar noqrH
B'bB BCr.qKIr IA3KOTIH Ha KaEaJIa Ha eAHO rlpore-

O6p. llJ0, l,rnnes cta or CaaruHa' Eqr opHaMenr O6p. l0I" @paruenrn or eaarusa. TtruHosl4HeH

B'bpxy BI{HeHa OcHoBa opHaMeHT Br,pxy qepBeHa fl oxpeEa ocHoBa

Ha Abn6OqI'IHa '(O
xeHHe (or ngrOx Kt,M 3al]a.q) Ha noBeqe OT 300 M AbJIxuHa' AocTl'traile
pa3pyixeHu oc-
3,80 u oT rroBcpxHocTTa. Btpxy rrJIaCT, Ae6en 0,60 u, OT IJII'IHeHI4 Ma3HJIKI{ OT

HoBH fia E(r4JrEuIa cJIeABaue KyJlrypeH nJlacr, Ae6en or 1 Ao 1,50

M' B KoliTo ce orKpuxa
MHOIO QpariyrenrnOT IJIaBHI4 THIIa TJII4HeHI4 C'lAOBe' lllpnuxr Or TfX, 3aCTbneH B lOJlgMO
ABa
ca roJreMrj, fpy6o uspa6oreuu Ae6enocTeHHI4 C'bAOBe, HanpaBeHI4 OT HenpoqucTeHa
KOJruqecTBo,

1 HanpaseHure or (toroor4ela npn coQuicKur uapo.fleH c'raer' $orocnnMKl.j Ha IlSKOnI'lre Ha RaHara u Ha or-
KptlTrrTe B n3ggrrr.rTe KyJll,ypuIl rrracToBe ce c]xpansBaT a Mysen
3a I'1CTOpI'IR na rp. coQnn'
z Ceuenara ca onpeAeJreHri or acucreHri.rre npu ArponoMl'iqecK[fl QaKyrrer M. Ilaaaseeea r.i A' {exoe, Ha
Kor,rro h3Ka3BaM ronflMa 6aaro4apnocr'
 102

tIIHHa' Te ca Ha uBflT or cHBo Ao cI4Bo-qepBeHI,r, c nnocxn AbHa, cbc cpeAua H34yra qacT
H noqrr,r
BCI{qKH B ropHara cu qacr orBbH Ca yKpaceH[ c oKoJroBpbcrHa peneQHa
oa"ra, r{SnbJrHeHa C
rlpHcrHcHar c
'u'Ba rlp:bcra opHaMeHT. Bropzar rnn r.'IHHeHrl cb.qoBe ca rpLr)KnHBo
or lpoqacreHa rJIuHa' Te ca IbHKocreHHV, tolflMa qacr or rrrx r{Mar xynoo6paena pa6orenu
cna64ena c no ABe r"nrcnoo6paaHl. Apc,xKLr. klwar MaJTKH KyxH @oprraa u ca
AbHa, HrrKor,r or Koaro ca pa3-
AeJIeHI{ Ha rpll orAenHI'I IlonyKpbrrl{ Kparlera. Or ntnnuara cr4
crpaHa ro3r4 rgn cbAoBe ca
r{epBeHI'I' oxpeua, 6e'nz u pflAKo qepH',
rpl4)fin'4Bo r{B,rr:bcKaHrz, Karo roJrflMa qacr ca yKpaceHr.l
orBbH' a B HflKOt4 Clryqau I{ or B'brpeluHara cu crpaHa c reoMerpl4r{eH
OpHaMeHT OT yC[OpeAHr,l
XOpH3OHTaIHU AIVI OTBeCHI,I JI\4HI4H, psAXO CIIr4panA
hlrn BOilyTt4, r,I3n:b./rHeHr,r C 6qna alr,r BUHeHa
5oa (o6p' 100, 101, 102). B ocHoBara Ha ro3li (ynrypeH rnacr pacyBaHara
c 6on KepaMHKa e
4e6e.nocrenHa, Karo opHaMeHTbr e qepen
Bbpxy qepBeHa H.rrr4 oxpena ocHoBa uwt 6s.n
H,ra qepBeH BT,pxy qepHaTa ocHoBa Ha c.bl\a
(o6p. 102). floxaro op.b\uflra Ha rpy.qa
ce cpeqaT pqAKO, xpoMeJrlrre, 3.bpHopa3_
rpnBaqKare a re)r(ecrilre 3a craH (o6p. IOB)
ce cpeqar rro-ltecro. KanreHnrre op:bAur

h
u
H

O6p. 102. @parlreuru or Caarnna

1_ 1119" .opH.aMeHr Bbpxy cepBeHa ocHoBa
ocHoBa; 3-ce,peH opflaMeHT Btpxy czBa oc
cuBa ocHoBa; 6-9vHeH opHaMeHT, orpaAeH c
ocHoBa ; 7--{epeH opHaMeHl. Bbpxy K
O6p. 103. Ilpelrrrera or Craruua
; Bbpxy oxpeHa l-r .rrscu c b[ 3a o/]n ; 9-rexec r sa c rar {Clar nua.
pHaNteHT Bbpxy
ocHoBata Ha r,tacr A noa 2,b M Abn60quHJ)
tsbpxy cepBeHa
ocHoBa

HMar KaJI'bIIecra Qopvra c or e.qnara crpaHa pe3err. Xunor2ucxrre Kocro,

I'I3naJIeH caMo
lao6llcrnynar' Hafi-unoro ce cpeqar Kocrrz or oBua, flo-MaJJKo or roBeAo u uafi-nanxo
Hamepnxa ce npemneHl{' acrparaJla r'r 6e4peHr4 Kocrr4 o,r Bos primigedus.
or cBr.rHrr.
E.rreH,rr n c.op*ara
ca 3acrbrleHr c HtlKoJIKo crpolxeHa pora. lo.lruo Kofl&qecrBo qepynKr.,
or pequa muga (Jnio ce
HaMep'xa Ha 3, l0 Nr rl'''6o'{Eua .4o eAHo pa3pylxeHo orHaule B
rr:bpBr,s r]3Korr Ha rz3ToK or
r{eHTpanHara rrraxTa.
 I I,r;j

flO $oprvlara Ha BTOpI{ fl lu.;- rIiHeHI4 nO Kyxt4re I'IM ud'nxn !'bHA n IIo reoMe-
Cb.U,OBe,

TpHr{Hr,rs OpHaMeHr, r43BeAeH BT,pxy I43Jl'bCKaHaTa

I'lM qepBeHa IIJII4 OXpeHa IIoBbpxHOcT C 6nta
sHHeHa u.rla uepna 6Og Cenuulero Ot Hafi-AOIHIzq
[JIaCr A, OTKpI"IT B lISKOIIure Ha KaHaIa-KO-
cJIeABa Aa OTHeCeM K.5M cpe'U,HLIs HeOJII4T - KapaHOnO
I-A'
JreKTOp Ao C. CnaTLIHa, (o6p' 100)' ro leoMe-
c'b4oBe
flo rynoo6pa3Hara rpopnaa Ha pl4cyBaHl4re c 6os rrIIjHeHH yCIIopeAHH JIvtHt4u
H xopz3OHraJIHI4
rpgrrHr,rs opHaMegr BbB ()OpMa Ha Mpex(tr, BOJIyTH' OTBeCHI'I
Heo'nurHoro ceaHUIe npll
H no r(yxr4r; (o6p. fiff , fOZ; 6os,.ucauara KepaMIlKa or nnacr A na
A.bHa
c. Caarnsa (CoQnftcxo) e roAo6Ha Ha KepaMl4Kara
or ceJlvilIara npu KpelrrzxoBUu' EyxoBo' Pe6poBo'
lToseH (CorfnftcKo),2
tlefioreq' [fipAo[IcKo'3 Berpeu' Ilasap4'xfiruxo'a
Kypn.rr cTaHKeAI{MHTpOBcKo'?
Kanur pcKo,6 Xupa"o"o, Ho"orrropaKo,o MypcaJieBot
Ileper
A!u!r Jlencxurpa4cKor8 CrapqeBor I'I Ap'
r,'3KOIII4 Ha KaHaJIar AoCTI4ra
Bropnrr nJlacr B Ha roBa ceJIHrrIe, flcHO Oqepra' B C'buIHTe
cpe,u'Ha Ae6enUHa or l Ao 1,10 v, KaTo B
Ha AbJI6oqI,IHa Ao l,B0 M oT noB'bpxHocTTa c.bc pa3-
oKoJIO 0,60 u' IJIHHeHI{ Ma3LJIKI4 OT
ocHoBaTa My ce 3a6elq3Ba qepBeHa npocJloftKa' Ae6e'ua A' Ha
HaA 'U'oJIHI'rn nJIaCr MHO;O
pyr1eHr.r xqJrgula. TOgu nflact, KOftTO CneABa HenOCpeACTBeHO
KaKTO IIJIacr A' Kepavluxata B Helo e
MecTa B r,r3KOnHTe [peKbCBa H He e ral(a [pocrpaHeH
noqrH cblllara KaKTO B nJlacr A, HO pr',rcyBaHl]re
c 6Oq cbAoBe JII4ncBart Karo BMecro rsx ce
cpeuaTTbHKOCTeHHI4qepHHVIt[4cvIBHIa3JI'bCKaHI',lcbAOBecH3AyTacpeAHaqacrI{yAbnx(eHH
ce naHl'tqoo6pa3HH c'bAoBe' rex(ecrH
mlrn. opnaueHTrrpaHr.r ca c KocI4 fiJIHTKLI pe6pa. cpeutar
Ca cbull{Tet a X{I4BOT?IHCKI4Te KocTI',r ca noAo6HI',I
3a cTaH, xpoMeJrH E xaBaHI4. Kauenunre opbAlf
Ilt3KOIInTe Ha e'u'Ho npoTexeHI4e oT oKoJIO
Ha Te3r,r oT AOIHr'rrr [nacT A, flnacr B' orrpnr B
npk ronJloqeHrpanara)' rto QopMara
300 nr B rox(Hara qacT Ha cennqeTo nlpa4uHl'l* (n cennqero
[JIaCr A' uo ueopHaMeHrl4paHu c 6oA', a c
Ha cbAoBeTe clr c Kyxr.r ABHa, noAo6nu Ha Te3I{ oT
KbM Kpas Ha cpeAHI'Ifl HeOJII{T' OTloBapsq
nJrr.rTKo SAnt6HarH xOCa pe6pa, CJIe.U,Ba Aa OTHeCeM
ro BpeMe Ha KapaHoBo I-B.
MecTa B LI3KO-
TperuRr, nafi-ropunrr KyJITypeH IIJIaCT c' orKpl',lT Ha HgKoJIKo oTAeJIHI'l
-""6noAaBaIIIe
rr.rre Ha KaHaJIa, .. B IleurpanHara lrlaxra Ha A'bJl6oquna 0'70 u or
"ari-Ao3pe
qoBbpxHOCTTa. IIOA HerO JIHnCBaxa CneABaUIHTe ABa IIJIacra B
Ir A' B oCHOBara My ce oqep-
OKOJIO 0'50 M Kyn-
raBa'e 0,30 rr.l cnOIZ KbCOBe OT TJIIIHeHH Ma3t.rJIKH, HaA KOftTO cJIeABa[Ie pa6oreHa Ha Ko-
c'bAoBe,
TypeH nJracT, HacHreH cbc 3ApaBu v cTpolxeHll TGHKOCTeHHI4
IJIHHeHI4
OT 1tecbql4Hy.Lt tIIt4Ha
neJIO. B nO-tOJIflMaTa CH qaCT TeBH CLIBO-CI'IHKaBLI
Ct'AOBe OT [pOqnCTeHa
pl6One Ha yCTHtlTa una' Cna6AeHlI Ca cbc
r{MaT pa3naTa IIaHLIIOO6paSna Qopua c r4gBvtTI4 HaB'bTpe
HgxoxAaMe or Qopuara Ha cb4oBere'
cna6o KoHKaBHI'I AbHa \r MailKLt IIJIoCKIT ApbxffiI4' Karo
Ha TsxHaTa n3pa6oTKa' cJIeABa Aa oTHeceM
HaMepeHlit B nJracT c, or IptxKI,rTe I,IM I,I oT
HaqI{Ha
TO3I'I H ft-IOPCH KYNTYPCH KbM flATCH'
TIJIACT
npoKapaH B loro3a-
Orrpurnre x(uJrHUIHr4 xopr.r3oHTr4 B r,r3Koflttre Ha KaHaJIa-KoJIeKTop'
IIOKa3BaT' qe nbpBoHasallHlrflT BVA
IaAHaTa qaCT Ha MeCTHOCTTa ,,POCa.rIfra" 3aA C. CIatnYa,
Ha MecrHocrra e [pegcraBrsB;fl cna6o 6'b3BllIrIeHI{e
c HaKroHa Ha I43ToK KtM CnarLIHcKara
B I43KonI4Te Ha Ka]Haila 6erUe Orxpnr
peKa n Ha 3aIIaA K'bM TOnnOIIeHTpailaTa, IIO reeH HaKJIOHI4

1 H. nertton' flpeAucropnuecra 6ogar.rcaua (epaMnKa or coQnf,cxaTa KoTJIoBI'lHa' lHEMlla" 1928-1929'

185-198, o6P. 12-19.

2 Marepualrr e neny6altrynaH oule'
3H.fle"*o".c.n,ur"u**o."nu'(oLlelotteq.llIaHM,I,1948,159_160(o6p.3-4).
4 H" nerKoB. VIAW,XV]IJ, 210-211.
5 n. A e r e e' fnaHM, II, 1950, mp' 1--5' o6p' 5' 7-9'
6 B. M14KoB" Burapcxure 3eMI1 B Kpaq t.oo"'"ut" enoxa' tcvl4@q', 1946-1947; ct'urr'rar' Ky'ru-
"^
rypaHeonl4ra,SHeoJIura-Opo"'"'nEoarapntl'Conercraaapxeonorue'I&1'1958'47-48'
? B. M ur<os. \AAVI, VII, 1933, crp' 362, o6p' 113'
E Matepualure ueny6luxyeanl{ o[le'
Stardevadka kultura. LjublJana, 1954,49,
r. l, ra6lr, XII_XVI'
9 Dr. ArandJelovid_caraianin"
 101

eaMo eAHH XprJrHrrIeH xopr43OHT, Ae6en okono I u, c HaKIOH OT

3anaA I(.bM r.r3TOK. B roga
n'racr (oxo'no 50 M 3anaAHo or Cnarl'tHcxara pexa) B H3Konare oKoJro
rolnorleHrp arrara H B
3anaAHara qacr Ha ceJll'rqero ,lpa4unun aeo6aacreyBar rrapqera or
cHBt4 noJrbcKaHg cr4ose 6es
opHaMeHrH u rpy6u 4e6e,nocrenna cbAoBe c eAm6uar c HoK'br
opHaMeHr. Ha rosn c.nofi npu-

t t I S(.

O6p. 104. f,rasena xr.lBorr.tHcKa $trypr<a, r,TuHeHH c:bAoBe !l Qparuenr or c.r,l( c pe,reQHa cnr,rpaJra or Caarusa

O6p. l0b. Boouop{Hu cr,AoBe sr Ctatuna

s rrto v'at a'
'- ";;.1'";"i;,ilil3,J"#"'f # xr:*lx-l',' 2*e 3a t' a ! H a1 a

HAIJIEXAT NAUZqOO6PA3HI{ C'NOBC, I,II{HCHU

r(pycrnpaH opHar'reHT, r.[r'i'eHr. M'.ct4,KLt C-r, , TPI.'.'TEH I.T IIYHI(TI,TPAH EH-
, rJtaHeHI,I ,*HE'TAHCKH Qarypxa
(o6p. 104_l0S), rexecr!, 3a craH u rails,M
r4 AJrera. IIo uuxpycrHpaHnre c
IUAXMATCH OPHAMCHT I,']I,|HCHH MACUI{KA N PAMI,TKATA MY (O6P. 105) ,O" NY"YPEH IIIACT,
 105

oTIQLTT CaMO B HStOqHara fi 3anatrHaTa HaknOHeHa r{aCT Ha ,PocarsKa", CJreABa Aa OTHeCeM

KbM K6CHr{q HeOJTHT, OTrOBapsU nO BpeMe Ha KapaHOBO II.
Bre nprara c pa3rrpocrpaHeHr{ero Ha rrpe.uucropr4rtecKara Kynrypa n
CoQaficrara Kor-
JIoB[Ha HeoJII4THoro ceJILIue npz c. Cnaruua flpeAcraBrflBa roJrflM HayqeH uHrepec, 3alrloro 3a
pa3nHl(a oT cenHueTo rrpl1l Kperazxonqz, n KoeTo HaA nracra or cpeAeH HeoJrr-rr cneA eAHo
npoAbnxlrTenHo H3ocTaBgHe Ha CeJTHUIeTO CJIeABa rr,[acT oT KaMeHHo-MeIHaTa enoxa c Bpg3aHa
KepaMlIKa, xapaKTepHa Ba CoSrftcrara KorJroBaHa, npa c.lrarvHcKoro HeoJrr{THo cenHIIIe or
cpeAeH He0,III4T Ha HfiKOJIKO MeCTa Ha[\ IBaTa rr"rlacTa c nper{'bcBaHe riMaMe Ky,'rTypeH nJraCT OT
K'lceH HeoJrar, Henlo, Koero cperrla\4e B cenalrlara or cpeAeH Heorar npr Eyxono,l fl,o,rtnu,IIo-
aen, CoQaticro,2 t{erortev, fltrp.aoncxos r.r rpz Berpeu, flasap,uxuruKo,4 TaKa KaKro HaMI4paMe Ir
npa rIocneAoBare.IIHI4Te rro BpeMe HacJrorrBaHhfl npa KanaraH flrznrrarprzeeo6 u Kapanoeo.b
I-{a.tocruoro ny6lzrcyeaue Ha Marepualrtre or Cnaruna [pe4craBnrrBa rorqM HayqeH r4H-
repec B'bB Bp'b3Ka c IIpOHI4KBaHeTO I, paSnpOCTpaHeHHeTO Ha HeOJrr,rTHaTa r{yJlryDa He CaMO B
CoQraficr<oro rroJre, Ho n B rlrrrara HH crpaHa.

I H. fl e r x o s. llpe4lrcroptl'{ecKa 6or4ucaua
KepaMuKa or CoQuftcxara KorJroBI.{Ha, 187 ; C'1, xr H r r. flpea-
Hcropdqecxo r.3cleABaHe na Co@tflcxoro ro./re. lHM, VI, 1932-1934, 419, o6p. 267"
2 Marepna,rtr e ueny6,rurynau oure.
3 H. llerxoe. fnrHM, I, 1948, 159-168.
I H. n e r K o B. I4AI4, XVI, 210 -211.
t 5 n. Aelen. I-1. c., l-6.
6 B. M u r o n. Kv"lsrypa Heo,rtrra, aHeorrrra n 6ponsu n gg,rrapHn, 17-55.
14 Apxeo{orur, rn. 1-2, 1959
 tvrv3nfino AEJIo vt KoHcEPnnlIHll

APXEOJIOTHqECKI,IqT MY3EII,,BEilI4K[ NPECJIAB"

f. AXI4HI'OB

flpee ltroro sa 19,18 r. n 6asara ua Apxeo.nOrl4r{ecK[s lancrl'Iryr a rvlysefi npr'.r Eu'

OTKpI',lBaHe Ha HOBaTa eKC-
rapcKaTa aKaAeMr4fl Ha HayKr.rTe AO rp. flpec.rraa crana oQzqtaJIHOTO
rro3rlrllr{fl Ha My3efl ,,BerI4KH flpec.aan','
tuleHoBere Ha MecrHoTo apxeoJlorilqecKo
ctsAaAen flpeAr.r 50 roAnnu no rzHxrlr4aTABA Ha
flpeclancranr rr,ryseft HMarrre ao 1944 t. He3aBI4AHara yqacr Ha noBeqero or HaIrII4Te
ApyxecrBo,
*yi.". loAnnu HapeA rro ./runca Ha noAxoAflura crpa.4a ct6paHare Marepl{anl{ 6axa paanoxl-
B nopyre-
ca'n Ha Tpu Mecra: B xH)KHTe npu Kprrnara II'bpKBa H MecrHocrra ,flarfieftnau I'I
Horo 3,u,aHge sa o6quscKoro ynpaBneHl'Ie B rpaAa.
C npe4,aaauero Ha $paAr4Te oKoJro HoBara ubpxBa-MaHacrvrp ,,Cr. Kupna n MetoAut'
ga HyxAlrre ua Apxeonorr.rqecKr.rrr lrHcrr4Tyr npes 1949 r. ce ypeAn 6aarolpnaruo I{ Bbnpocbr
aa 6rAeueto Ha My3es, roftro ce [peB'bpua s 6azaHa uHcrl4Tyra. Bpenaetno no.u,pe,u,eHara ne.nox6a,
B Kosro 6qxa nxrroqeHa Marepg arv or nrpao6urno-o6uruHnIas, po6onaa4e.lqecKnfl z Qeoga.nuna
crpoli, MaKap n Aa 6enexerue 3HaqnTeJJeH HaIIpeAbK, He MOI(eIrJe Aa yAoBneTBopIt HoBIdTe H3-
r{CKBaHHfl, KOI,ITO ce [OCTaBfxa IIpeA My3eff. Or 4pyra cTpaHa' HaTpylBaIIIe Ce
B pe3yJITaT Ha
exeroAHaTe apxeonorkqecru paaKonKlr HoB MaTepI'IaJIr xotiro rpn6narue Aa HaMepI'I cBoeTo noA-
xo^rruo Mqcro B eAHa 6tgeua eKcflo3nu[rr, r43rpaAeHa cto6paeHo cbc ctBpeMeHHI4re u3HcKBaHHfi.
flopaan orpaHHqeHara n3lox6ena IIJIou{ H ToBa, Ile ce ypex(4aue rr'Iyseft npr pa3Kon-
Krre Ha eAr,rH tonrM apxeororr{rlecKr4 o6err c HaIIHoHanHo 3HaqeHlte' pettlfl ce B eKcrlo3llulagra
I,a 6rre [oKa3aH caMo eAI'lH or nafi-Suaqute'l-
HHTe [epHoAI4 B xllrBoTa Ha Be.nnru flpec.nae
or Kpas ua IX u X e., r. e. BpeMero' Kolaro
e 5al croJII4tIa ua 6l.lrapcrara A'bplKaBa. flo
TaKbB HaqlzH, KaTO Ce USBa]!IdXa flpalrcTopHqec-
Kr-rre 14 aHTIzttHI,ITe MarepI4aJII'l' oceo6oAla ce Mt{c-
To, 3a Aa ce orpa3u no-qsflocruo u y6e4rareJlHo
p'bcT'bT Ha MareplaailHara A AyxoBHara KyJirypa
ua 6r.nrapcKl4fl Hapo,l( [pe3 cnoMeuarar{ [epl4oA'
qufiro Aeea u uaft-xpyneH rBopqecKu IleHrbp e
6n.n uweuso fIPec,rlan.
Vcneruso 5e Peuen H B'bllPoc'br 3a
B'brpe[IHoro o6sanexAaue Ha 3aJIfiTe. Craplte
BrirprzHn 6sxa noAueHeHI4 c HoBI'i' ropHara
qacr O6p. 106, 3a,na a uysen ,Benurn flpecaan"
Ha KOITTO e [3ugJto oT CTbKJIOT TaKa qe H3JIOX(e-
H OpI4rHHanHo ca
Hr.iTe Marepl4a,,tt4 ce BI4)I(Aaror Bcl,lqrlr crpaHll(O6p. 106). Oco6eno cRoIyr{IHBO
.(pyra B JIaIII{-
lOKaBaHI4 TexKuTe apxl,lTeKTypHl4 qacTI'I' O6Hxuoneunre "[6pBeHI't
14 flOACTaBKI{

I]apAA Ca 3aMeHeHU C peAyBaulll ce KOJIOHH, IIOJIyKOJIOHI'Ir creHI'I

rt flI{JIaCTpt't' KOeTO AaBa Bb3-
Mo)KHocr BcrrKa apxr4Ter(TypHa qacr Aa ce llocraBl4 npu6auaure'nno s
Heftnoro ecrecrBeHo IIo-
iro11aeHue(o6p. 107). Tona y,tecaflBa nocerl'IreJls Aa pa3rnexAa no-4o6pe 14 Aa Bb3npueMa ilg-
 r08

JIecHo He caMo xyAoxecrBeHara crofiHocr Ha eKclloHara, Ho r.r HeroBoro KoHKperHo, npar(Ttj-

qCCKO NPEAHA3HAqEHI-IE B CIZCTCMATA HA APXIATCKTYPHUq IIAMETHIIK.
flopa4u xapa*repa Ha My3eq, xofiro orpagflBa caMo e.4,L1H r(parr,r( flep]roA
or BpeMe,
'\poHo;'lorHrlHaqr TIpaHIII{n npl4 rloIpexAaHero 6e asocraseH. Marepva.tvrre ca pa3rrpe4eneHa
TaKa, rle Aa HaCOr{aT BHI4MaHHeTO Ha IIOCeTI'rTeJIfl B'bpxy OTAenHn
Ba)KHI4 CTpaHt4 Or O6,rrUxa a
;{HBora Ha cpeAHoBeKoBHara 6r.lrapcxa croJlnqa. Ercno:aqnara e
oc.bu{ecrBeHa lpeAgrvrHo c
aBreHTI-ltlHI'l a Heuuoro6poriua Hayr{Ho-c[oMaIarerlHu Marepaa,rH,
o6eAznenz or KparKa n flc1a
Ter(croBa cr4creMa. Bca.{Kz regz Marepaanfi ca
noApe,qeHr.l B rpx 3ang c o6rqa ue,,rox6ena
n,loul 170 re. Na.
B ua,la,roro e [oKa3aHo Ha Kapra re_
prjropHaJJHoro pa3pacrBaHe na flrpnara 6rt_
rapcKa AtpxaBa or sefigoro c,L,3AaBaHe ,qo
ilaAaHero h nol. nusauruftcrca BJracr (VII_XI n.).
BreexAarrl TeKcr 3arro3HaBa nocerareJlrr c Bpe_
Mero, Koraro flpec"rae e 6ut cronnrla (gg3-._
972 r.), r c o6u{ecrBeHo-nKogoMt4qecKuTe oco_
6esocrv ua razn erroxa. fl.taHrt Ha crapurr
rpa,q AaBa npeAcraBa sa ronorpaQaflTa Ha Me_
CTHOCTTa, 3a 3arlr.rTHaTa My cltcTeMa, cbcTofl_
Illa ce oT ABe r(oHqeHrpnqHo pa3flonoxeHr r(pe_
nocTHLI CTeHU, 3a Mec.t.oIIono)KeHHeTo Ha pa3_
o6p. 107. I'lsI"TeA ol nanuraplq Ha M)':rrH KPHTHT Aocera qpe3 pa3KOOKLt OcraHKI,I Ha rO-
"Beauxr tpecnan" Beqe or 35 rpaxAaHcKr.I H KynroBH nocrpotT-
rcn, pa6otunHr{rrn, Kpe[ocrHH cbop.bxeHxrr r{,qp.
l{eroxeHare B cblllara 3aJla B'bB BurpHHa ctp'fiKufl ri KoHCKn cHaprrxeHr.rs
BaeAHo c u,A-Jr6a'ure
B'bpxy KaMeHeH 6'oK eoeuulr cIIeHI{ AaBar npeAcraBa
3a BoeHHaq 6ur u opraHagarlr4q. 3a rqx
roBopqT u ntpno6rnrapcKriTe rropKoe3r4r{Htl r4 rpbrlKr4 Ha1ilucl,
ns4.rt6aan B.bpxy TpaHHTHH u
MpaMopHr.r KonoHn.
Ha npecnancKaraapxl]rel(Typa e orpeAeHa BTopara 3ana-rrarwrr\apufl.
apxI4TeI(TypHU qacrvt npoa3xolKAar I{SK,lrnqHTeJrHO
cr6panare B Hefl
OT CTOJrrqHarr rpaA H HerrocpeAHara My oKon_
Hocr I43BbH KpenocrHl'lre creHH' lpa@uuHoro aso6paxenae
na K'bc or KpenocrHara
Ao[:bnBa or opl{lxHa'lHlrre st6eptr' Kol{ro ca yBeHqaBaJrr4 creHHTe. Vsscuaraqr ropyc, creHa ce
re ca yKpaceHr4, e rr,rnzqeH eJreMeHT B npecJraBcrara apxaTer{rypa. CpeuraMe c xorlro
no-HararbK noArIoKpI.BHH KopHa3I'I, cbqeraH Beqe c
ro H B r{sJroxeHr{re
ApyrH eJreMeHrr.r.
fl'lanoeere I4 MaKerHTe Ha II'pI{BH 3aeAHo c npo'3xo)KAarrl'Te
or rsx KonoHr,, xyAo-
xecrBeHo aspa6orenu Karrureilu, KopHH3I, A apx'Borrrvrt
Tpr{r3MepHara KaMeHHa cKynflrypa u
Bb3craHoBKHTe Ha qacrH or MpaMopHIr IloAoBIj HacrIluIKH
3aIIo3HaBar rrocernTeJre c ycrpoli-
crBoro, B1-Htrr[Llfl' BnA Lr 6oraro yKpacenlrre nHTepLIopE Ha rl'bpr(Bnre.
[IopasareJrHa B ToBa or-
HoIIIeHHe e Kplr'nara (3aarnara) II:bpKBa, npeAcraBeHa
ryr( c:bc cBos opr{rgHaJreH flJraH r.r c
eAHa peKoHcrpyKq[s' uapa6oreun IIBerHo Btpxy tancoBn
ra6na. Krrv ueftnara B:burrrHa r] Bbr-
peulHa yKpaca ce orHacsr L3JIO)I(eHItre rclJreMr{ rroAnoKpHBHE
KOpHUsu, r.t3KycHo opHaMeHTr.rpaHHre
MpaMopHI'l KoJIOHKH' paMI(I4 a ApyrH qacrx c IIBerHa
cTbKJIeHa H KepaMHqHa lrHKpycrarlufl, 1.b-
cTpaTa noAoBa HaCTHJTKa H Ap.
Maxap a He IltIJIocrHo pa3Kota'' .EBopuoBrflT KOMRJT.KC e [peACraBeH
c Ha pa3-
KpHTara Aoceta qacr, Kosro BKJIIoT{Ba
nTpouuatau 3aIIa u noMeuleHl.rsra 3aIraAHo'JraH or Heq. Or
Hero npoH3xoxAar cr'ulo raKa MHoxecrBo MpaMopHH KOJIoHtt,
KalnreJn4, KopHr.l3t4, rroAoBll Ha-
crlr"IKH, Ilr'lOt{H c AeKOparHBHa c[(yrnrvpa n r\pytu, Kor4TO
Ca npercraBeHa ryK c Hafi-xy6anare
cu o6pasqH. floxagaHa e r.r Bib3craHoBKara Ha rroKpr.rBa H Ha BoAortpoBoAHrl
rpt6n..or pa3nrzqua
 r09

ro.'relJr4HH. Haxpaa B'bB BrpaneHa B crenara Brrrpgna ce Blrx,{ar IrHcrpyMeHTLl - TpHoH, AJIera.
nepren, MHcTpI4l V qpyttl, c KOItro ca pa6Oralil npecJIaBCKIrTe CTpoI4TeJII{.
Hape4eunre B Tperara 3a./ra Marepna,rrr.r H3Ta'KBar flpecflaB 14 Karo roJInM npoH3BoAcrBeH
rIeHTa,p, n rofiro e r,rMaJro pe.{[ua o6oco6enz 3aHaqrn. B Haqa.loro ca noKa3aHH o6paequ Ha
noMauaara KepaMr4Ka rr,pHera, croMHr4, aruQoptt, .qafifr4 vI Apyrn cb.4oBe c pa3JIIaqHa $oprua
-
H yKpaca, Kor,rro ca 6nnu aepa6oreaHu v ynorpe6xBaHL ryK. E.4us or nali-xapaxrepHlrre xyAo-
)KecrBeHrl galaflTu a llpec.nan e 6uno flpolr3Bo,u,crBoro Ha pucyBaHa KepaMI'tKa. Tn e 6u.rra yno'
Tpe6sBaua aa o6rHqosxa Ha creHr4, 3a KopHrz3H, 3a rrHKpycralfvlfl B MpaMop I'l 3a noAoBil Ha-
crvrqrKu. tr4snoxeHlrre npeAMeru or r.tHBeHTapa Ha KepaMHqHa pa6orraluuqa -- Re3HH H c'bAqe 3a
pa3MHBaHe na 6ou, KaKTo u HeHan'rrJIHo toroBrTe flflorrKn LrJlrccrpapar HarJIenHo npott3BoACTBeHHu
fipouec H LoKa3Bar neftnara MecrHa napa6orxa. Or nen ca 6unu rzspa6oreaua oure H c'bAoBe,
Mo3auqHa ry6uera u r4Kolu. Toea ce Rr.ixAa or eKcnoHart4Te B cJIeABaIIIHTe ABe BI4rpI'tHH. flpo-
qyT npeAcTaBr4TeJr Ha Ta3r,t xyAox(ecTBeHa KepaMHKa n e.LI4H OT peAI(I4Te IIaMeTHI4UI.{ Ha 6r"lrap-
cKoro uao6pasurenno x3xycrBo or X e. e o6pasrr Ha cB. 'loAop, c'LcraBeH or HeKoJIKo KBa-
/parHv rrJroqKlr, HaMepeHH n llar.letiHcKzq MaHacrl4p.
XelesapcxHar BaHaffT e npegcraBeH Har,neAHO c nory$a6pnKarl4, t(pnun I'l )Ke,rll3Ha
cryp, KaKTo 14 c pa3anqHr4Te op'bAnn Ha rpyAa, Hspa6o'reru clr )I{e./Itr3o : cbpnoBe, Kocepa, JIe-
Mexlz, MorlrKr4, 6paanu, cxo6u, KJreuu, xyQapu, Hox(fiIlri 14 rp. TegH ceqnga, KaKTo u nocraBe-
Horo BbB BI4Tpl{Hara QoroxonHe ot nneaurfiIicKa ML'tHvarIoPfl Aon'L'tBar Kaprauara Ha 6uta ua
npecJraBcKr,rre x(HTeJIr, KOITTO Ca Ce 3aHI4MaBaJIr| 14 C'bC 3eMe.4ev'II4e.
Cre,4eauare HrrKoJrKo Br.rrpr4nra H,yrrocrprrpar rlpes n3JIo)I(eHItre MarepHaJII,I npol,I3Bo,q-
crBoro Ha crbKJro a HeroBrrre rrpoA.vKTr4, o6pa6orxara Ha Kocr 14 BIrcoKo paJBATr4fl. B xy,u,oxe-
crBeHo oTHO[IeHLte 3JIaTapCKI4 3aHatlr.
B ctulara ea.na ca HBJIox(eHH H AoKyMeHTHTe, cBl,r.qereJtcrByBaullt 3a BacoKI4s noAeM
Ha AyxoBHara KyJrrypa BT,B Be,uzKr,r flpeclan. Kourperuu cBa,qereJlcrBa 3a ,,3;IarHHfl" BeK Ha
6t.nrapcrara KHLrxHrlEa 14 nvreparypa, B Koero ce c'bcrolt z o6uocflaBttucKoro 3Harlenl4e Ha
Ilpecnan, ca He caMo nrcMenlrre ri3Becrr4s Ha erapnTe aBIopH, Ho 14 aBTeHTHrlHnre cJIaBeHcKH
nHcMeHIa naMernlruu. Brpxy noAcraBxr,r ca no,4peAeHl4 or,'rI4BKa or na4rpo6nara nJlor{a c HaA-
nnca Ha vtpry6n"na Mocrnu, [paApJ/)KeH or Hoao6rnrapcKl-t npeBoA, I{ He3aBbplxeHltrr HaAnI4c
na Maprau B'bpxy naponuron 6.rror, HaMepeH B ABopeqa. Mexny rsx Br,B BLtrpI4Ha ca floApe-
,rleHH KbcoBe oT c
pr4cyBaHH KupvJlcKvt TeKCTOBe, KepeMIZAeHI4 K'bCOBe C
KepaMr4r]HH [r.r]oqK?r
Ha,qpacKaur4 no rsx Ha,qnucfi r.r 4p. re HMar rorlMa croliHocr Karo l4cropI4qecKz I{gBopr-l
BcauKr,r
H HapeA c roBa AaBar npeAcratsa 3a na.neorpaQHrra Ha cJIaBsHcKoro IIHcMo or HetoBlts HaqaJIeH
nepr4o,u,, flocraneuoro ryx yBenuueHo {roroxonue or engaHrlalicra Ml4Hrarlopa or XIII B. rlpeA-
craBfl naAagero Ha flpecaaa B pbrlere Ha nnsaurufrllrre npe3 972 r. cneA repol,ruuara or6pana
Ha rpaAa or 6r.nrapu u pycn,
floc,rre.quara Br.rrprlna e c Marepuarrt or Bropara 6rnrapcra A'bp)KaBa (XII-XIV B.),
Koraro fipec.nas He e Beqe croJrvUa, v 3atarBa qpe3 nocraBervfl HaAilLlc 3a HeloBoro 3a[a,u,aHe
E nocrefleHHo 3aruBaHe B ro4r4 Hr{re Ha rypcKoro po6crro. C Hen eanrplrlBa eKcrIo3IrIIrIoHHHtlr pa3l(a3'
Ercno3vquara, raspa6oreua c ycr4nvsra Ha Hayr{Hr.rre cbrpy.4Hlrul4 or patHocpe,{HoBe-
KoBnris orAeJr, Ha apxr.rrexTa, xyAoxHtrqKara u cKynnropa ilpL1 ApxeonorrauecKllfl My3efi e Co-
QNr, ce Hapex(Aa Me)I(,qy uaft-xy6asure B Ha[Iara crpaHa.
Hexa raxela Heulo Lr 3a apxeoJrorr4qecKr,rre rlou4one Ha Myges. C:r,6paHr'rre B npoA'bn-
xeHne Ha 6rraso 50 roAr,rHH Marepr4anu ca noApeAeHr.r B'bB @ougoxpannJlvulara no reparo-
phaneH 6ener Btrpeureu rpa4, BtuureH rpaA,4ecen 6prr na p. Tuua (Kanauur; H r. H., a BctlKa
-
e.qHa or re3r.r roJIeMH rpyn[ B6rpe s ce6e cH e noApereHa rlo o6erru.
B uuneurapnxre KHnrH cpeuy BceKr{ npe,qMer e or6e.nseaso c unS'rp Mrcroro My B
cKJra.qoBere r{,/rrr eKcno3r;qvsra. HanprErraep: @.4 (V-a)2 o3HaqaBa, qe npeAl\{elbr ce HaMI4pa B
r{erBbpro @on40xpauuJrr{ule, nera paQr, I]onHqa ,a", Bropa KyrHq.
110

CtcraeeHa e H rrpeAMerHa KaproreKa, B Korrro or.4e/'rHrrre Kapronqera ca no,qpeAeHn-

no HaaMenoBaHnero Ha npeAMera, o6ocuonano n cborBercrByBalllo Ha npl{erara r uyeetiuara
pa6ora repMnHoJrorrarr. OrAenurre rpynn npeAMerr.r ca pa3AeneHl{ no py6pnrr, HanpnMep:
6palou x(eJre3Hr4. ziln tpvBtvr 6poueonu, cpe6rpHH It r. H.
- KaMeHHra, 6ponsonn, - crbKJIeHn,
Karro rpynr4re, raKa v py6pzxrzre r,rM ca noApeAeHv llo ae6yuen peA, a n py6pnxnre no o6errn.'
Bcgro Kapronqe cblbpx(a: HaI4MeHoBaHHero Ha [peAMera, zHB. HoMep, Mqcroro Ha HaMI,IpaHero
(o6erra) n runQrpa Ba HeroBoro Mecrola3eHe.
Taxa no,4peAeHr4re, KaproreKr4pafln H onricaulr MarepAaJIIr aaBar npeAcraBa 3a KoJII4qe-
CTBOTO Ha npe.4MeTr.tTe I1o o6exrH r,r rlo Br,rA He3aBr,rcr,rMo or o6errzre. Tona yJIecIIffBa HaMI4pa-
Hero HM r,opr4 caMo no eAr4H rexen 6eler fipu HayqHara uu o6pa6orra, Koero e or rorlMo
3naqeHr,re, oco6eso 3a eALrH ruyeeft, B KoIiTo ex(eroAHo nocrtflBar crorlallu MarepIraJII,t, KaKGBTo
e v My3errr rrpu pa3KonKr-rre Ha r4croplrKo-apxeoflorl4rlecKI4rI pe3epBat ,Benaxu flpec.nann.
 1,I3JIO}I(6A ,,2500 I'OAI4I{I4 T{3KYCTBO B EbJII'APCRI4TE 3EMI4"
F. I'EOPTIIEB

forqMo e 6orarcreoro lr pa3Hoo6paaaero Ha apxeonolullecKlare u ernorpatlcxrzre na-

MerHUrIU, Kogro ce cpeuar HaBpe.u, a3 Haurara crpaHa. C rorqlaa BeITII{Ha 6t.lrapcxnre apxeo-
Jro3r{ 14 erHorpaSn ca pa3Konaru, c'a6panu v fipoyvwilil 3a6enexureJlul,I naMerHvrllu Ha MarepuaJl-
Hara KyJrrypa H u3KycTBo, Kor4ro ca KpacHopeqHBH cBIlAeTeJIv Ha 6orarus' Ky,'lTypeH xI'IBoT'
nporeKbn n 6t.lrapcrcure geMr.r npe3 BeKoBere, Ha rBopl{ecKaq teHul? Ha 6t.nrapcrcaa HapoA
C.lasara Ha HsKor]r or regl,r naruerHHrlH rz xyAoxecrBeHll flpol'l3Be.u,eHl',fl orLaBHa e HaAxBbpJIuJIa
lpe,4eJrllTe na 6t.lrapnn, a HayqHgflr HHTepeC KbM rflX IIOCTOSHHo Hapa6rBa.
3a l,a ce florryJrspg3upa roBa rorqMo Harlr{oHanno 6orarcreo n Ia 6r\e AaAeHa B'b3-
Mo)KHocT sa qyxAeHrlr{Te Aa ce 3arro3Haflr rlo-Herlocpe,llcTBeHo c Hero, 6e ype4eHa usrox6ara
,2500 ro.qanl I{BKycrBo a 6urapcKure 3eulau.
Vau1uarop 3a ypexAaHero Ha Hsrox6ara 6e nesecrHllar urnefiqapcrn npoQecop-erHorpaQ
;11an 1a6rc, ,(Hperffop ua Ernorpa$crna nryaerl a rp. Htotuaren. To3Iz rrlyeeft [o,4 BeIIIoro pc-
KoBoAcrBo Ha HeroBHs ,qeen Ar.rpeKrop pe,qoBHo BcflKa roAHHa or 1954 r. HacaM opraHl{3l'Ipa
BpeMeHHr{ n3rox6n, Kor{To orpa3flBar UrrJrocrHo pa3BHTLIero Ha AaAeHa crpaHar Ho TJIaBI{O Ha
Heftnara Kynrypa n rr3xycrBo (o6p. 108-109).
Ha ,qea r6rn, npes 1956 n 1957 r.,npo@. fa-
6ro noceru Er.nrapzr, 3a Aa ce 3alo3Hae c ti& .t
nefisnre H3TbKHarH apxeonoruqecKla I{ ernorpaQ-
cKH naMerHzqH. TesH HefoBI,t roceuleHl,rq cnoMol-
Haxa n3BBHpeAHO MHOrO 3a npaBvJIHO KOM[neKTy-
BaHe Ha Heaox6ara.
Vsnox6ara 6e oprauuaupaxa or 6t.nrap-
cr(a crpana or MuuncrepcrBoro Ha rlpocBerara E
r(ynrypara u Kotunrera 3a npusreJlcrBo H Kynryp-
Hrr BpbaKH c uyx6zHa npn 4etinoro yqacrl{e Ha
Apxeororuuecrna u EtnorpaQcxnr uysefi npH
Esarapcxara aKaAeMHs Ha HayKHTer a or Ilgefi- O6p. 106. @aca,{ara na ErnorpaQcrur uyseft n
qapcKa crpana
- or ErnorpaQcxna rrayaeft Ha rp, Hrourarer c Specxra or X' Eptttl
rp. Hrouraren. Tr 6e orrputa rbpx(ecrBeno Ha
28. VI. 1958 r. B MarKEq r(pacnB nrnefiqapcxn rpa,4 Htouraren ctc cnoBo or /(P. Ex. Anpanaoea,
fipeAceAaren Ha KoMr.rrera 3a [prsrencrBo n KynrypHlt Bp'b3KH c qy)K6I,IHa, B npuc'bcrBlzero Ha
oQnqna.nuu nnua or O6uluscxug cbBer ua rp. Hr'ourareJl Ir KaHToHa Hrouraten, or Oe4epa,nuoro
unefiqapcxo flpaBarencrBo H or Eurapcxara nerallxs n rp. 6epH Haqero c [bJIHoMoIqHHl MI4-
Hrcrtp Ap. Il. lptropon. 3axpueauero Ha I{3Jlox6ara crana na 1.11. 1959 r.
I4gfiox6ara ,2500 roAzHH H3KycrBo n 6t.nrapcKrlre 3eMHn He e o6uxnonena uerox6a
Ha HapoAHoro npnnox(Ho H3KycrBo a Er.nrapus,. Ts e 6una 3aMHcJIeHa H ocbluecrBeHa Karo Ha-
rlnoHanga 6urapcxa nerox6a cbc saAatra Aa npeAcrann n o6sopeH BHA pa3Bnrl'Iero Ha I{3Ky-
crBoro a 6urapcrr,rre 3eMr.t [pe3 BeKoBere H oco6euo Ha H3KycrBoro Ha 6l.nrapcrun HapoA
tt2
flpoQ.Xas fa6ro orpe,qerq no cJre4nas Haqr{H 3a.4aqara Ha usnox6ata:,,Cnope4 lteH
lr:.'r,lx5ara rpa6ea Aa ilper'r,craBa rlrrJlocrHo 6r.nrapcroro a3r(ycrBo npe3 BeKoBere, Uenra ua
Ta3ri za,rox6a e Aa npeAl3Br.rKa cvwnarufl, Bb3xlrrreHl4e H B'bJrHeHHe. Crana AyMa 3a Hz:
.rox6a Ha rrpecrr4)K r,r c'brueBpeMeHHo 3a eAHa ueHHa 14 Me)K{,vHapoAHa rpn6yHa" (X. f a6rc.
(arno Nrsc,rrff sa Baruero HapoAno lr3KycrBo. Cn, Harua Poguua, ro,u. III, ol(roMBpt4 1956, Ilb 10/34).
Bnuuauneto Ha fiocerllre"Ifl ce nplBnnqa npeAl,l
BcHqKo or r43rbKHarl apxeonornqecKn u erHorpa$cru
xJrAo)r(ecrBeHH rIpor43BeAeHrrs, KOI4TO AaBaT [peACTaBa
3a a3KycTBOTO Ha UtUIa enoxa, Ha Ufl,/l HapoA v uMaT
roJrrrMa HayqHa, nu1aKTvrt*a H Bb3rII4Tare.IIHa crol?Hocr.
Oxo,no re3r.r qeHTpa,rHri eKc[oHarl4 ca noApeAenlr tro-
BTopocreneHHLI rIaMerHHIIH, orAeJIHI,t HaxoAKH H 6urosll
nperI,MerH.
Ilonoxnre.nHa crpaila na 6urapcxara nsnox6a
e H o6croqre./IcrBoro, rle rg pagttoJlara c roJIttM a pa3-
noo6paseu QoH4, xot?ro Ito3BoJIsBa Aa ce nanpaau Hati-
no,qxoArrnl no46op Ha excnoHara. OceeH ToBa B Hetl
ca rroKa3aHr4 roJIqMo KoJII4qecTBO I],pBOKJIaCHIT npol'I3-
BeAeHI,rq Ha I43KyCTBOTO B OpI4rI{HaJI.

Karso e ocHoBHoro cbAbp)IHIIe Ha rs.nox6a-

ra? VInu KaKBo Mo)Ke na BnAn a Hayrltt qyx(Al'Iqr no-
ceTHTeJI Or neg ?
3ano3HaBa c'bc ga6enexurer-
flocetxre.nsr ce
HH XyAO)KeCTBeHH npOI43BeAeHUfl Ha npancropl4t{ecKoro,
t)0p. 109. A$rtttt r,r Ha u:;,rox6ara Ha aHTr,rrrHoro u na 6rnrapcKoro H3KycrBo, Kol'tro ca
He caMo HauI4oHaJIHO npldrexaHl4e, Ho ca craHaJII4 /J.'o-
croqHne fi Ha o6lqo.toBeurxara Ky,rrypa n u3KycrBo. r{yx4Hxr 3pHreJI Moxe Aa BL4AI'I llHTepec-
or npaacropaqecKara euoxa (Heo.nnr, eHeoJII.rr, 6pone H erloxa Ha xeJlsSoro)'
Hr.r rraMerH14ur.i
or BpeMero Ha :rparzficxara ra rp'bKo-pr.rMcKara ApeBHocr, or erloxara Ha 6:sarapcroro
cpeAHoBeKoBr4e a Ha 6urapcroro Brspax4ane (o6p. ll0), aa ce Hac,rax(AaBa Ha KpacIiBH o6pasqr'r
Ha HapoAHoro 143r(ycrBo, Ha xyAox(ecrBeHH npor4gBeAeHVfl.HavBTTKuaru6rnrapcKlt xyAoxHvll\u u r. H.
I-{eHrpaneu eKcrroHar, rrocraBeH B HaqaJroro ua ae.nox6ara, KoftTo rIpHBnI4qa BHHMaHHeTo
Ha [oceTrJTeJIq, ca KorlzfTa Ha npoqyToTo 3JIaTHo crbKpoBuule or c. Buqnrplu, fl.neneHcKH oKpbr'
or VIll B. np. H. e. (xpan Ha 6ponaonara enoxa). Oprrzuarur ce c'bxpaHflna e Hapo4Hlzs apxeono-
rr4qecxr4 Hryseri n CoQnn.
Tpaxralicrara 14 rp'bKo-puMcKara ApeBnocr ca npe,4craBeHa c MaJIKo na 6poft, Ho rtbp-
BoKJ]laCHU XyAOXeCTBeHU np0r.r3Be,4eHr4g Ha aHTHqHaTa cTeHHa )KI-IBOnI4C H Ha TopeBTHCTHI{HOTO
I4SKVCTBO I'l C HfKOIz Apyrl, 3HaqI4TeJIHLI npOLI3BeAeHAfl' Ha I{3KyCTBOTO.
Ha mpno Mrrcro ryK ce orHacsr Ko[uqra or @pecxnre ua Kaaaurtulxara rpaxuticra
rpo6Hraqa, orr(para npeg 1944 r. lpo6uuqara e sa6erexvreJlHa He roJIKoBa cbc cBosra apxu-
TeKTypHa QOprr,ra, KOJIKOTO C'bC CTeHHaTa Cv MOHyMeHTaJIHa )I(HBOIIHC, KOSTO Ce AaTyBa OT
Kpaq Ha IV e. np. H" e. flpe4craBeHu ca ra6la c Qpecrrre, cHaMKIi ua Qpeucnre H qepre)K tla
apxr4reKrypuara Qopua Ha rpo6uraqara. Eu ce noryqr.ura oue lo-roJllMa nperJleAHocr npl{ npeA-
cTaBsHeTo Ha Tof n:bpBoK"'raceH rIaMeTHaK Ha eJTHHI.iCTI-IqeCKaTa )I(I'IBO[IHC, XOftrO BHHafH e il3-
BI4KBaJT B'b3Xr.tIIIeHueTO Ha OHr4g, KOr,rTO Ca VMAJTLI Bb3MOXHOCT Aa Ce SarIoSHaflT B opllfHHan c
uero, arco 6eue Ha[paBeH MaKer Ha rpo6naqara B ecrecrBeHa Bent]qnHa HJIH B HaMaJIeH BHA,
 113

Karo ce o3Haqar ror{Ho Mecrara raxtn HatIHH 6sxa noKaBaHI{ HanpHMep

Ha creHHara xHBonI{c. fJo
rpo6Haqr.r or noAo6eu BUA cbc ea6elexarenuu creHonlrctt a agrox6ara
Ha MeKcHKaHcKoro I'13-
KycrBo, Konro 6e orxpura n rp. Uroprlx or 24' I ao 15' III' 1959 r' .
Krtvlctularaeroxa'r.e.K'bMlv-lllB'np'H'e''ceorHacq14ApylnpoqyrnaMerHHK
Ha aHTur.tHoro H3KycrBo B seMI4Te Ha ApeBHa Tpaxur 3JIarHoro cbKpoBxx{e or flarlartoPnilI;
-
oKpbrt HaMepeHo cayuafi-
fl.rroe.u,uscxg
Ho npes 1949 r. OPuruHallr ce Ha-
N4Hpa n ApxeonornqecKntl nrYseft B
rp. fInoBALre. Clrpoeuuero npeAcraBtl
o6pasqono npol'{38eAeHI're Ha eJIHHvl-
cTnqecKoro ropeBTI4CTHqHo H3Kycrllo
or l(pan ua IV u HaqaJloro Ha III B'
np. H. e. Ctc cnolrre BHcoKo xyAox(e-
CTBCHI'I KAqECTBA TO3H CKC[OHAT C
rlbJrHo IIpaBo flpeAI'l3BI',lKBa B},3XH[le-
HHCTO HA NOCETNTEJIHTE.
14urePecHa e u KePaMaqHara
rearpanHa MacKa or 4opulicxara xo-
roHuq Meceunpnn (cera Hece6rP) Ha
tlepHortropcxoto rpali6pelxne or eJII{HI{' O6p. 110. l4eraea or ns,nox6ara - apxeonorl'lqecKli oraen
cTr4qecKaTa efloxa.
Karro e I,13BeCTHO, SeMI,rTe Ha ApeBH[Te TpaKLl [pe3 cIIOMeHaTaTa enoxa ca .4ocra 6o-
tarn Ha xyAOXecTBeHH naMeTHHIIu. 3arOna Moxterue n HnKOH Apyrfi IIaMeTHI4IIU Aa
HaMepqT
(uanp' HaxOAKI{ Or rpaxufiCKnl lpaA
MrrCrO n ugnOx6ara, Ipe.IICTaBSHI,I nO eAHH I{JIH Apyr HatIHH
3Haql{TeIHo I'I3nOX6aTa'
CenrOnOAnC, CbKpOBHrrteTO OT .IIyrOnUr a r. H.), KOI'ITO 6uxa O6OTaTHJIu
or r,anoro6pofinnre naMerHrrrlr{ Ha pl{McKara Kynrypa H I't3KyCrBo a 6l'lrapcxl4re 3eMI',I
yKpaceHa [IJIeM-MaCKa OT oKoJIHOCTHTe
s rrgrOx6ara Ca 3aCr,bIIeHH caMO HqKOJIKOT nanp. 6Oraro
fop4uan III (238-244 r')'
Ha rp. Cnnucrpa, 6poneona rJlaBa-Iloprper Ha pIlMcKHfl HMneparop
HaMepeHa o rp. HuxonoJllc aA I4crpyM (cera c. Hurrcn,
Tlpuoncrn orplr), MoAennpaHa C MHofo

peaJrr.rs6M, rJraBa Ha naH or MpaMop or aHrl4r{Hara Anrycra Tpaxna

(cera Ctapa 3aropa)' 6pon-
noKa3aHH r{pe3
,o", araryarKa Ha 3eac or rp. Hone (cera rp. cnzqOn) n (pytvl HaxoAKI4'
Araano3HTI,IBIr.
rtyBcrByBa[re orcbcrBHero Ha HeKOr] ea6erexErenHH rlporl3BeAeHHq Ha
B aalox6ara ce
H3KyCTBOTO, OTKpITTI4 B Ha[II,ITe 3eMI4, KaTO Hanp. cTeHO[hCaTe
ua Cr'r'llcrpeucKaTa rpO6HuUa,
MooairKara or Ecxyc (cera c. lzren npr'r ycrl4ero na p' I4cxlp)
ta aP'
Enoxara na fltpnara 6urapcra AbpxaBa (VII-X n') uttu BpeMero Ha ABere crapu
6l'nrapI'In' B KOUTo ca
6t,nrapcxll CT6JIHUI4 fl.luCxa H flpec1aB, pa3nonoxeHu n CeaepOI43ToqHa
pa3Kpnrn Berr.rKoJrerrHr4 rraMergr,ruu na 6rnrapcKara Kynrypa ?l Ii3KycrBor
e IdJllocrpvpau'a cbc
Hag.nrcvl Bbpxy Ke-
anaO""ra nO.3a6ene)KI4Te.nHI4 eKCnOHaTH: o6pa3IIH OT KepaMHKa' CJIaBIHCKH
paMr4Ka or X e. , 6uxyra Or rapHI.lrypa Ha ABa KoJIaHa or
Ma4apa or VIII B' u3BecrHara Ke-
'
paMr,tqHa aKOHa Ha CB. TOAOp, C'bCTaBeHa OT MaJIKI4 pI'lCyBaHI{ KepaMHr{HH nJIOqKH' Or BeAUXN
[oJILITHqeCKH' npo-
flpecnan, xofirO npea IX u X n. e 6lan Haft-BaXHnqT BOeHHo-aAMI4HHCrpaTflBeH'
Mr.rrilJleH H KynTypeH IIeHrbp Ha cJlaBflHo-6b'nrapcrara A6pxaBa'
flpes enoxara ua BropaTa 6urapcxa AbpxaBa (xll-xN n.) 6l.lrapcrara
Kynrypa H
na 6l'nnapcKoro 143-
n3KycrBo Aocrr{tHanr{ oule no-roJlrMa BHCora. 3a6e,nexr'Ire.nes IIaMeTHI{K
BoqHcxara q'bpKea (1259 r')' Te 6axa
KycrBo npe3 cpeAHoBeKoBaero ca npor{yrnre creHonucu Ha
Ha O6paAu u
OT IIeHTpanHqre eKCnOHaT v Ha vBIlo)K6aTa' I4sIOxeHI4 Ca Kortuq
OTAeJIHH
e.4Hr.r
Ca O6pa-
CIIeHL OT CTeHOII4CI{Te B eCTeCTBeHa BeJIHqI4Ha' C'bU(O IIBeTHH AI'lanO3HTaeI'I' flOxa3anr'r
3r.rre Ha ceBacroKparop Ka.IoqH 14 Ha c'bnpytara My !,ecrc'lana (nlpnure noprpern B cpeAHo-
15 Apxeonorns, rn. 1-2, 1959
 114

BeKoBHara 6l'rrapctia ;l:lllclluc), cdpr:rre n;r lci;i;LLriiril di-,rrapcr,;lr BJlarerer

Koucrarrr'n
AceH u Ha c'bnpyrara ttty VIpuua, lpeKpacnr4re o6pasz Ha Xprcroc
,,Eseprer,, H Ha Xpucroc B
xpava Me)I(Ay KHL)I(I-taqure eAHI4 or aah-xy6aaute
o6pasu Ha Xpacra nrs nasaarrr?-
cKara xaBonrac, o6pasrr Ha Aure,ra or B.ryaroBe[IeH]4ero,
o6pasa Ha cBer14r4 (ca. CreQaH, AflKoH
fanpeurafi u ap.), or.qerHr.r cueHa r.r r. H.
cz,ruo pa.Br4Toro MrrH'arrcpHo 6r,rrapcro n3KycrBo or XIII u XIV B. e
rrpe3 HsKorr<o o6pa:eqa (n gzalosntueu) npercraBe'o
or MauacrzeBara xpoHnra (XIV e.) z or lo6periuronoro
eBaHre,rrre (XIII n.).
flo cr'uaq Haqt,H qpe3 /ltia[oBI,ITHBil ca uo*a3aHu z HtrKotrKo or nopa3r,rre,,rHr,rre no cBoflTa
apxr'{reKrypa u l,onuxpoMHa yKpaca cpeAHoBer(oBHH
UbpKBn n rp. Hece6r,p (crapara Mr.lrpononas
VI n., ,Cn. I'Isau Heocnereuu. -- XIII n. u lp.). -
floa6pana Ko,rreKrIHq or uKour4 /;aBa B.b3MoH{Hocr Ha o6nxuoneuzr{
rocernTe il n Ha
cflerlua,trucra-I,13r(ycTBoBe.4 Aa ce 3a[o3'aflT HelocpeACTBeHO
c pa3Bprrr4ero Ha peJlaruogHara 6urr_
TAPCKa ]I{I,Bo['Jc or XV-XIX B., fTaEHo
or XVII u XVIII n.
Zs,loxeHare eKcrroHar[ or enoxara Ha lltpnara lz Bropara 6r,"rrapcra
A.bpxaBa He-
.Eocrarbqno IIoKa3Bar BeJrj,ritrrero ua 6:l.nrapcrata K,ynrypa n a3r(ycrBo rrpe3
BeKoBere. Heo6xo-
A?rMo e 6uno Aa 6r[at BK,rrrcr{eHrz 14 HflKon
Apyrr4 eKc[oHarH, c KaKBT4TO HaIrIrlTe MySeH B CTpa-
HaTa pa3[o,riafaT.
Btn sropaa 4a.n ua uznox6ara nocpe.4crBoM npeAcTaBr4Te"rrHr,t opulrlHalrln eKcnoHarz ca
loKa3aHI.r 14 3yMUTeJl HrzTe no cBosra @opua H c.bn.bp)r{ariae [pok3BeAeHrjrr Ha HapoAuoro 6t,rrap_
cKo a3Kycreo (o6p. lll).
IJeHrpaauunr eKcIIoHar ryK ca Kpacr-rB're 6r,lrapcxa npa3HnrlHr.r
KocrroMrr or pa'/rr4rrHx
Kpautr{a Ha crpaHara. Kocrroivlzre ca MoHTt4paH14
Bbpxy MaHeKeHr.r, Kolrro ca 6unu crreut1a,/IHo rr3-
pa6oreHa Ba ras rleJr B ErnorpaQcczn
uysefi e rp. Hsoruaren. Mauexeunre
ca rlocraBeHr.{,B _[BU)KeHr.re,,. flpea_
Merr4Te na 6u'ra, r(onTo ca [pr4Aa.4eHH
KT,M KOCTTOMT{Te -- HapoAHH My3r4Ka/r_
HLr I{HCTpyMeHTH, CTOMHIT, MeTaJIHH Cb_
IoBe, t<o6unuua 3a BoAa, oBr{apcKa
reta, o6peluH xag6oee H Apyrg
.4aBaT B:b3MOXHOCT Ha 3pr4 Tens na
BHr.rKHe no-4o6pe B narpr4 ap xarrlr4fl
5zr Ha rpyAerrrr.ls ce 6r.lrapcru Ha_
po4, xoliro e o6.[a,{an re3r.1 KocrloMr.r.
flpozaee4eHzxra Ha 3Jrarap-
cKufl gaHatrr, aail_paenurlan Haluru
O6p. lll. I4:r.re! or ag.lox6ara _ erHor.paQcxu orre,t HaKvTHt4 npeAMeTI4, KOIzTo Ca KpaCeJItl
14

KocrtoMrjre Ha 6t"rraprara, Karo

UtilV, KO.{?teTa k (pytu, ca 3acTbIIeHA Cbulo
Hi.],
HKbne Apyfa4e, AOpa B uerox6eufire 3aJrH Ha
ce .4o6ze raKaBa qcHa ilpeAcraBa 3a roJlflMoro
opMA !r opHaMeHTa"THr4 MOTr4Brl Ha MeTaJIHUTe
asnox6a.
fultr e
crrrc:bK:br Ha npeKpacnr4Te [por.r3BeAeHr.rq na
6:r.rrapcKoro HapoAHo H3KycrBo,
KOHTO HqMaMe HaMepeHUe 4a ze6poaaaue.
flJe crroMeHeM CaMo 3a HqKoH rpyrr' or rsx.
B as"rox6ara Motar na ce Br.JAsr o6pasqa or rrpor43BeAeuaq (c.bAose) Ha nae4HuKapcrBoro,
Ha rbpBeHata pes6a npeKpacHare raBaHn, r\oilanv lJ r4KoHocracrz
rap-{xHK Id ApyraAe'-yKpaceHI'I c aHrponoMop$ua
or cauoxon, Teteaeu, fla-
r}urypa, c'bc crr4,rrasupaul reoMerpr.rr{Hn
:\'pH, ,{HCTa, rIBeTrr 14 Ap, eu-
 r15

EAHa Kapra, Ha Koqro ca HarlepraHr4 rraBHHTe apxt4TeKTypHI-l rI'4rloBe Ha 6lJlapcKara

K'brla (n,nannHcra z nO,nCra), $orOcu rl TJIaBHO peKOHcrpyI'IpaHaTa CTatl B cpe'4HoIOpcI{H
cTItJI
qyx(Anfl nocerl',lreJl c
or tp, KoupuauHIr,a c nplrHa,qJrexa[Il4Te K'bM Hefl I]OMeuleHBs 3aIIO3HaBar
rl'Lxa CnoKOfi-
ur,"palxnrm eape46a H yKpaca ua 6l.lrapCrara B'b3pOxAeHCKa K'bula' OT KOqTO
CTBI4e 14 cragra ce pa3rJlexAaIile c roJIqM xHTepec oT noceTHTeJII4Te Ha I43'lOX6aTa'
npr4sTHa yrorHOCT.
rJunponqu, Can4oxos vr rpyftt' nl4[lHo
fltcrprz Kr4Jl4Mu c rolrJra rrepBeHr,l uBeroBe or
yKpaceHa KepaMr4Ka, o6pa3qr.r oT OpHaMeHraJIHo 6orarcreo (or4e,l ,,fIucMeHV 3HaIIu
Ha I43Ky-
cTBaTa. )K. fa6ro) B.bpxy KVJTLIMV, 6poAeptil, AaHTeJII4, rucaHr4 BeJII'IKAeHCKr sit'Ja H
pa3nuqHr,r Apyrr4 eKCnoHarI4, xaro 6po4lzpalvl pkr\u, fipecrl'lJlKa, B'b3l,llaBHHul4'
KoJIaHI'l' nKeHerau
r.r r. H. I4 T. H. AoIIbJIBaT KaprHHaTa na 6OrarOro H pa3H6O6pa3uo 11o MoraBI't I'r KOJ]Opl4r Ha-
pOAHO H3KyCTBO na 6l.nrapCKlrt HapOA' KOeTO e )KI{3HepaAOcrHo
t4 nbJIHo C OqapoBaHlje'
ybKaH, xyAo-
vpe4uuqnre HA VgJlOlK1aTa ca ce norpr4)I(Hn\4 Aa uSTt'KHar 14 MOAepHara
npLrJlO)KHH I'l3KyCTBa
)r(eCTBeHaTa KepaMr4Ka, A'bpBope36aTa 11 Apyrl4 KJIOHOBe Ha C'LBpeMeHHaTe
X(' fa6ro), KoIlrrO qep[tlr c
(or4e,r ,,TpaAuquouuu LI3KycTBa il uH1ycTpuanHa \r4BLlrrV3aIJLIs. -
I43KyCTBO' flocra-
uHpoKa rrrela cBoHre MOrr4Br.t oT xHBOTBOpHaTa TpaAI4IlI4s Ha HapoAHoTo
xegl4flTa Ha c'bBpeMeHHuTe 6T,JIrapCKH npunorrHljl1lz ca 3a6eJIexI'JTeJIHH'
Ma,tra KoJreKuHs or xyAo)KecrBeHH rrpoz3BeAenvfl Ha H3Tt'KHarIl 6l.lrapcrn xyAoNHI4uH
/I,Orr6nBa cnoJryqJrrrBO apxeonoto-eruorpaQcxara
us,lox6a Ha 6l.nrapcxoro I43KyCTBO ' vSnO-
)KeHH ca Kaprt4HI,I o" *y4o*"uqure 3r. Eor4xuee, Bn. fizmrarpon-Maficropa, U' 'llanpenon'
I4e. fleHxoe Y rP.
*

n'bT B
l4srox6ara ,,2500 roAHHa a3KyCTBO n 6l"rrapcrrre 3eMlan' loKa3aHa 3a np'bB
IIe-
f p. Hbouare.l LUneliqaprzr , ana roJIflM ycnex. Tq 6e noceTeHa He caMo oT O6I'IKHOBeHII
HI4TeJTI,I
-
Ha HapOAHoTO I{3KyCTBO, HO C'blII,O TaKa il OT lo,llflM 6pOtt CneIIaaJII'ICTI'l
OT pa3nI4qHH
I4Il'] B KoIIEq e',u'HH OT Hali-
cTpaHrz, KOI,TTO HMaxa BbSMO)KHOC T !\a BvlLflT 3a [p'bB II'bT B OpHruItaJI
n 6l.nrapcrl4Te 3eMIl npe3 BeKoBere'
3a6erex{rzreJrHl,rre xy,u,o)KecrBeHh rlpor4gBe4eHflq Ha I4SKycrBoro
Erlrapcxuar xyAoxnr4nflop.u,an Bapon, Koilro e 6H,r araIUHpaH K'bM I't3Jlox6ara, u xy-
myaelz n rp. HlouareJl Iz TexHLIre c'brpyA-
AoxHraK.br-AeKoparop XrcreHro6.lep or ErHorpaocKl4s
yMeHue ea 4o6porO xyAoxeCTBeHo
HLitlV ca IIOJtoi'I(ttJIa Io,lleMI,I rpll1111 I4 Ca B./IS)KqJII4 ro./IfMO
oQopruaeaHe sa ua.nox6ara.
3a Ao6poro nocraBqHe Ha H3nox(6ara u ga uefiuzs ro;trM ycflex or 3HaqeHI']e 6e u
o5cToflTe.[CTBoTo'I{eu3.nox6euure3aJlI{naEruorpaQcxunlrysefiBlp.HboluaTeJlceoKa3axa
n3JIO)K6a' OcseH IxI{poKI'I a3nox(-
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crnre 6e ocr.rfypeHa or crpaHa Ha 6bIrapcKLI cbTpyAHI'lK Ha I43JIO)K6aTa.
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Ce npOAaBaXa 6t.rlrapCXtt KHvtll4, I43Aa,[eHI4 Ha
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ot ugaox6ara ca nafi-lacKaBu. Toea o6crosrencrBo roBopr.t KpacHopecsBo Ba roJreMr.rs yclex Ha
Grlrapcxara HsJox6a n rp. Hsouarel.
I'Isnox6ara ,2500 roAaHIt agl(ycrBo n 6r.rrapcrure 3enazu e apra AeMoHcrparlvtfl Ha
naft-xy6anoro I4 flporpecl4Bnoro B H3xycrBoro, c'brBopeuo n 6r.nrapcKr.rre geMr4 rrpe3 BeKoBere,
oco6eno Ha r43KycrBoro Ha rpyao.nn6raBr4fl H Mr.rpo ilo1us 6:rnrapcxr.r Hapo.u.
I4nuryuaropure I{ ypeAHaIILtre Ha sznox6ara 3acny)KaBar noxBaJrara Ha rlrrJrara 6rn-
rapcKa KynrypHa o6uecrneuocr.
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3a ,[a LIMaT B'b3MOXHOCT TpyAelqaTe Ce Ha Te3l.r CTpaHI,r 3aeAHO ct C CileUaaJrHCTrzTe Aa Ce Jlrc-
6yaar Ha lpeKpacHure xy,4o)I(ecrBenn llpor43Bereu]rs, Kor4To ca ca,3AaAeHn Ha reprToprlrra Ha
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)r{ecrBeHo HaAapeHLrq 6unapcxz HapoA.
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Kynrypara Ha HaIrilfl HapoA ce e 3apoAl4n MHoro npeAr{ Harrrero oceo6ox4eune or rypcKo
po6crno. Karo crpaua Ha KnlacvqecKara ApeBHocr Erlrapnr npuBilntana BHr{Manaero Ha MHoro
pycKx H 3arlaAHoenponelicxa yqeH[, apxeoJro3r.r, ernorpaon H [tTerrlecrBeHrjrlu. OuIe s 30-re
roALrHn Ha MHHaItur, BeK B pa3rapa Ha Pycxo-rypcxara softHa or 1828-1829 r. yqacrHr.tK.br
ere sol?Hara BnaAuuup Ten.rqron c IlaMerHrire cH AoKJraAz u ,,llncbMa r{B Bo.nrapHu,,l 3arro3HaJr
pycKara o6uecrnelocr c KynrypHlrre IIaMerHr-rIIri Ha HarrrnTe eeNrH. B lpoA.bnxeHr]e Ha rpr.I
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or pycKHTe eoficxn noqrH llrna I4groqua 6r,nrapan. B eAxo or rrr{cMara cn rofi nurue Ha cBoq
6par: ,,Ha Bac e Beqe HBBecrHo, qe a3 cbM HaroBapeu or Ha\raJlcrBoro Ha Honopoctttlcxuaxpait
Aa orJIeAaM HqKoH Mecra, 3aerH or Haulr,rre BoficKr.r Ha Aqcnara crpaHa ua .[,ynae, I{ r{e Ilerra
Ha nopbqeHHero e Aa ce 3anogHas c pa3HH rraMer1utfl,l Ha ApeBHocrra, cKpHTr.t Me)KAy Mugns
!r KJracfiqecxa l'paxva.'2 Ho rrasgara uen Ha HeroBnre npoyr{BaHss 6unn rp. BapHa r{ HeroBr.rre
oKoJIHocrH. Bcuqro BHAeHo u ct6pano no BpeMe Ha HeroBara o6axo.nxa H3 pa3nuqHr.rre cenaua
Ha crpaHara TennqKos nogpo6no o[HcaJr B cBoure 3HaMeHr{TH rrHcMa, Kor.rro e 1833 r, H3Jre3Jrl
B OTAenHa KHrlra. [uec re ca rIeHeH n3Bop 3a Harrrero HcToprrqecKo Mr.rHaJro.
C 6oraroro cLI KyJITypHo Hacne.u,crao Eurapns craBa lro3Hara Ha B],HrrrHr,rq cBqr qpe3
rpyAoBere Ha Apyr pycKll yr{eH
- IOptfi I4naHosaq Beselns. Ou1e xaro yqeHvK s Kzur,rHes
IOpufi Bese.trn I{MaJI BbgMoxuocr Aa ce 3ano3Hae c e3r.rKa r o6l,{allre ua 6,snrapure-flpecen-
HHIII4 B Eecapa6na. B,nngocrra vry c 6r,trapcxoro HaceJreHHe oKa3aJra Heorpa3aMo BJrr.rrrHr.re Bbpxy
pasBl4rr4ero My. I-{a.nata cu no-HaraTb[IHa Aefinocr IOpafi I4saHosr.rq Bene.nus [ocBerHJr Ha
Ir3yqaBaHero Ha HcropuqecKoro MLrHaJro, Qolr.nopa u 6ura Ha 6t.lrapare. Ctc cBofl rpyA
,,fl,penHne H HbIHeuHHe 6o.nrapens IOpnfi Benerrn cr6y4un r.rnrepeca Ha pycKara o6ulecrseuocr
xrrra crA6ara na 6'nnrapure. flpes lB30 r. upa cr4erlcrBaero Ha npoQ. Muxaun flerponav IIo-
roALrH Pycxara aKaAeMLrfl Ha HayKt4re ro fl3nparr{la n Ebnrap:?ls, 3a Aa npoAbn)K[ cBor4Te Ha-
yqHh H3cne/.f,al,l.ufl. Tyr Beue.urH H3Bbplxun orpoMHa [noAoTBopHa Aefiuocr. flper.nega,n roJtsM
6potl apxrzaL4, HanpaBuJI MHoro rrpenncz or rIeHHr.r pbKorrrcu, 3ano3HaJr ce c apxeoJroraqecKrirre
IIaMeTHIIIIH,c't6pat Qolxaopull u eruorpaQcKH MaTepr4aJrl4 r{ Bcr.rrlKo roBa no-KGcHo HanpaBun
AocrorrHze Ha HayqHara o6qecreeHocr. 3anpruafiru ce or Et.lrapnl npea 1832 r., r4srrbJrHeH
c ,rro6os H cbc cbcrpaAaHHe K'bM nopo6euua 6rarapcru Hapo.{,, KbM HeroBoro HcropraqecKo
MrHaJIo, BeselsH ce o6lpnaa c eAHo rrHcMo-H3JroxeHHe KbM reHepaa l4nson, noKpoBurenrr Ha
6r,rrapcxnre KoJIoHLtcrn n Eecapa6us, c npeAJroxeHr.re aa o6pasyBanero Ha eAuH cneqraJleH Ko-
Mr.Ter n rp. Doarpa4, xotlro .u,a ce tpu)I(r{ 3a orra3BaHero Ha r.rcropuqecKl{Te rraMergtrlu na 6u-

- Bue 6nxre MorJrr4 Aa [ono-

rapcKl{fl HapoA. ,,flo raKbB HaqHH r(a3Ba B r.r3JroxeHHero
- ce
xHTe HaqaJloro Ha HapoAeH 6rarapcra uyeefi, xofiro c BpeMe Mo)Ke Aa craHe rBbpAe 6eaextr
H Aa xBbpns n'bqegapHa cBerJlr.rHa B6pxy Hcropr.rrrra nn."a C unoro6pofinr{re cH rpylone Be-
1B"'r. TerrrsKoe. I}tctlra ua Bolraptu. Mocrsa, l&33.
2 Ba, Terrlsroe, I-1. c,,3.
s Q. n. Beneaan. .{pennue n Hbrneunne 6oarape. Mocxea, 1829.
4 M. l. lloupy)KeHKo, IO. LI. Beneal{H r.{ HeroBoro 3HaqeHI4e 3a 66nrapcKoro B}3paxAaHe" Cocptn,
1903, 20-21.
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He,'il4H C'bAelicTByBan 3a Ha HauI4oHaJrHoTO CaMOC'b3HaHr1e Ha 6r,lrapCxutt HApO/(.

noBAHraHe
,[,ecer roAHHt4 no-KBcHo (1844-1845) npoQecoprr or Horopocnhcr<us ynuBepcr.rrer Bnxrop
lpuropoeuv rocerzJl Halllzre eexaz. floeeqe or I 1 rtaeceqa rori npexapaJr uz o6nacrure Ha Ee-
poneficxa TypIJhn. Ilocerrn MHoro rpaAoBe, raro Co$ua, flnoe4ua, la6poeo, Tarap flaeapAxar,
TrpHoeo n Apytr\ n cr6pa,rr MHoro rIeHHr.r cBeAeHrjr 3a rflx. ,,8 ra3z MaJrKa crpana
- flucar
rofi MV ce yAaAe B'bBMo)KHocr 4a cr6epa cBereHl4rr, noJIe3HH 3a Hayr(ara; r.rraBHr4rrr npe.4-
-
ilrer Ha Moero Ha6arcAeuue e Ia npeAaM B cyx pa3r(a3 oHoBa, Koero ce cbxpaHflBa or1e,u1
Pesynrarate or cBol,rre ua6,nrc4eHutt H BrreqarJleHr,rfl no BpeMe Ha n'bryBaHHrrra clr
Barrop lpnroponav n3JIo)KHJI B cllequaJrHa KHHra noA 3arJraBr4e ,,flyrenrecrBr4e no Enponeficxoft
Typuun", ugrrflarra ga [p:bB rrbr npeg 1848 r.
B c.reAsalqfire torsln HuTepecbr Ha pycKara o6uecrnexocr K'r,M r.rcropzr{ecKoro MH-
Ha/ro Ha HaIxHr HapoA ce gacuilvJr orue noneqe, flo BpeMe Ha ocso6oAzrelHara Pycxo-TypcKa
aofrua (1877-1878 r.),a u creA Heq 6enexzrz pycxr4 yrreHn H o6uecreeHzur4 nporrB[nr4 H3KJrro-
LIHTeJIHI4 rpHXI4 KbM IIaMeTHI4III.ITe Ha r(ynTypaTa B HaUrATe 3eMA 3a Ola3BaHeTO r,tM OT pa3py-
uleHHqTa Ha soliuara. lo.len,luqt npeACraBHTen Ha pycKara nporpecHBHa Mr4crb,t B.ua4unaup Ba-
cailueBvls Cracoe ce o6rpHa,n cbc crIeIIHaJrHo rrLrcMo x'r,rra oQuqepr4Te Ha Aynancxara apMafl, B
Koero tll rpltKaHBan Aa 3arlaaBaT I,t t43yr{aBaT BCI,IT{Ko UeHHo: ,,KaK, Kagax cv ag nume Cra-
coB B cBoero rlllcMo, ga aHtJrHrtaHHTe BcHqKo roBa e HHTepecHo r] Ba)xHo, a 3a - Hac-He!..
A 6usa ilvt HHe Aa He- ce I-IHTepecyBaMe or xyAox(ecrBeHr,ra, T. e. or aHTeJIeKTyaJIHr4fl )KHBor
Ha 6urapnre, Kotaro MexAy Hac rrMa roJrKoBa MHoto o6uo lo [rreMe u no 6nr, u lo nrpa ?
Hze ,'lu se Mo)KeM Aa oIIeHI,IM no-paHo or BCaqKlt Apyrut roBa, Koero y rsx noxe Aa 6rAe
opI4rI4HaJIHo, cnOeO6paaHo, H3SII-IHO I,t,IIa 3HaqHTeJrHO B reOp6rre Ha pa3JIHrrHr4Te r4gr(ycTea, 6uno
TO tOJlsMO, MOHyMeHTa.rrHO, O6ulecrneHo zlu AoMarIHo, 6utono."2 flo-uarartx B c:brr{r4g arle.[
rofi nurue : ,,HeKa BceKh, roliro Aericreilre,'rHo yMee Aa 3anr4cBa, Aa pr4cyBa roBa, Koero e Br.r-
AflJt, ToBa, Koero craBa npeA Hero raM, K'bAero e 6ul, HeKa BceKv, xoliro e cnoco6eH, Ia c.b-
6apa c ql4crtr p'blle, AaJIeq or rpa6ex 14 Hac:rrrr4tr BCrjqKo, Koero e ga6elexnTeJrHo, KpacHBO H
Ba)I(Ho. " . l'l roraea c,rteA Bac B Ha[rara vcropas IIIe ocraHe He caMo cJIeAa oT BenHKolylxve,
a s 3acilyla't'a Ha na3lzreJl Ha HapoAHoro rBopqecrBo r.i xrzBor. . ,"3 Cracos BZcoKo uergl 6t.u-
rapcKoro r43KycrBo. B nroulara ch ro ro,leMr,rr pycKlr xyaoxHnx-6arailucr H yrlacrHr.rK n Ocno-
6oAIare,rHara eoftHa Bacunqir Bacu.rresaq BepecuaraH vry HarroMHfl, ,{e rofi rpn6na ga cr6upa
ilona4HailljTe My I.JHTepecHr.J TIeHHOCTLT, Ia pZCyBa KT,r]Iu r.t apxr4reKTypHr.r naMeTHLtIIa, ceJrflHr,l
ueBnqr4 u apyru.a
Ocso6o.4lrreJlHara pycKo-rypcra soriua or 1878-1879 r. AoHecJra He caMo ceo6o4ara
Ha 6r,rrapcKan Hapo.4, Ho r.r3r.rrpaJra H poJrsra Ha r{yJrrypHa peBoJrrcqnq. flo carara ua EeplrH-
cKr.Jq AoroBop Ha P1'can ce AaBano npaBo Aa ynpaB,rrrrBa AeBer Meceua ocno6oAeuzre 6'r,.nrapcxH
aeuu. Bperr.reHHoro pycKo ylpaBneHue H3B'bprxr.lJro orpoMHa 4efilrocr :a ype46ara Ha MJra.(ara
6rrrapcra Ailp)KaBa. Hape4 cbc 3aAaqara 3a c'b3AaBaHe Ha aIMI.rHLICrparvBHvt, crAe6Hn 14 Apytv
I.THCTHTyTH TO IIOJTOI(p1,'rO E3KJrrOLrr4TeJIHI4 tpIi)KU 3a pa3Br,rTr4eTo Ha npOCBeTaTa 14 r(yJrTypaTa.
flpa cr4eIicrBaero Ha KHq3 fou4yron-KopcaKoB u Ha Br4rlufl 6t'nrapcxu vseH npo$. MapuH
.4pnuoe npocBerHoro AeJro n 6r.'rrapra 6ra,ro nocraBeHo Ha 3,4paBH ocHoBH. flpes l878 r. B
Co@nn 6una orxpnra ry6,rrzvna 6u6nnorexa. B e4un or cBohre orr{err4 or I8 HoeMBpr4 1878 r.
IoH41,11ss tucaili ,B Co$ra e rloJlox{eHa ocHoBara Ha ly6.nrzuHa 6u6nuoreKa, trplr xorrro ce
npeAnonara Aa ce ypeAu u rvyeeit. Ba crapuHu, rr,ero Aa ce rocraBrrr orKpr.rraTe Ber{e apxeo-
JIorHqecK[ naMerHr-trlr4, KaKTo Lr oHzfl, Kor.rro ren'bpBa nte 6'sAar otxpzra"6. flpu ctAeficrefiero
1B. lpr.rropoauv. flyreurecrBuq no Eaponeficr<ofl Typuur. Mocxaa, 1877,lI hsa., 81 .

2 B. B. Cracon. l4s6panune co'{rrHeHr4rr. C.-|Ierep6ypr, 1894, I, 457.

3 B. B. Cracos. I-1. c.,458.
4 flepenucxa B. B. Cracoea u B. B. Bepeqaruua. Mocrsa,1950, I, ntcuo Jil 169.
5 C6opuur< NraiepHa,qoB ro rpa)KAlrct(olry ynpaBireHIK) rJ i]KK_\'lrauuu c llo,qrapru e i8i7 --1879 r. ro4 pe.q.
na H. P. OncnHoro, esrn. 3, C.-[erep6ypn, 1904, 97-98.

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Ha n'bpBl4fl coSzflcxu ry6eptarop flrorp B.ra4rzrrrHpoerau Ana6uu c6uprara npu

6u6auoreKara
6uta o6oco6eHa e 1879 r. e caMocroETeJreH My3eIZ, KoIiTo UMaJI 3a 3aAaqa Aa ce rpl4)xlt 3a
H3AnpBagero, cbxpaHrrBaHero !t orra3Bauero Ha naMerHaql4re Ha KyJlTypara. Cauo ngxoJlKo
lo-
AHHu [o-KbcHo, rrpe3 1883 r. yr{eHr.r u o6fiIecree]rflIlu npaBqr oIIrrI4 3a yqpeArBaHero
pycKt4
Ha nocrosHeH apxeonorr4lrecKr{ nHcrlzryr n Et.nrapzr, KoftTo Ha 3,u,paBI'I Hayr{HI'I ocHoBI'l Aa ce
3aeMe c flpoyqBaHero Ha apxeonotr4rlecxl,ITe IaMeTHLIIIH B HaII]ara crpaHa. Tona
ce BI4xAa or
KopecrroHAeHrJuflTa Ha pycKas AanJroMarllqecKh KoHcyn flyrara n.bn on,ranonol e 1883 r. a
nMneparopcKoro pycKo apxeofiorl4tlecKo ApyxecrBo B flerep6ypr' Cee,4eHas 3a loleMr4q HHre-
pec Ha flyrara K,rM 6rJItapcKHTe crapr4Hr,r x oco6eHo K'bM Baqxoscrnq MaHacrnp 4aea Kot-
craHrHH Zpeuex B cBofl AHeBHI4K.I
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K }fe 2796
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craHruHonoJle or 15 nro.ls 1883 r., Ne 30.
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a pxeonof HTIeCKOe orKpbITHe'
flpoQeccop l,Irran. C. flerep6yprcKoro yHI4Bepcl.Irera B. B. Ko,rauoscrull npu6uzmuil,
croAa AJrs co6Hpannx Marepr4anoB K cocraB,rIreMoMy 14M 6o.lrapo-pyccKoMy cJIoBaplor ornpa-
Br,tJrcs, g.na o6oapeHzq pyKolr4cefi, n craprnttuft Ba,txoncxuli MoHacrblpb, rAe I{ orl(pbln rpeqe-
cxuft cnucoK EBagrenr4a, xoropufi no rpI43HaKaM, ycMorpflHHblM f. Ko'{aHoncxnM' Bocxo.[Hr K
IV u.nra r V croleruro no P. X. SrOr rO.4exc, I,ICropI.Iq Koeto coBepueHHo HeIlr3BecTHa, JIeXan
B rlgcJre MHotr.rx Apytux pyronrcefi rar rpeqecKzx raK LI cJIaBsHcKHx, 6e3 ncaxoro npu3opa,
B rrbrJrg H ga6eeHax. V crucKa He xBaraer HI,I HaqaJIa Hx KoHIIa: Qopruar 7 \ 6 nepurron,
npcbMo B ABa croJr6qa, xaparrep 6yrce rpafiue cxox( c craBaHcKt4MH (oco6eunocrb Bcex rpe-
rtecKHX MaHycKprrnroB HaqHHaf co II nera) H noqrla roxAecrBeHHbIM c xapal(TepoM nLIcMeHa
3HaMeHgroro Cuuaftcxoto KoAeKca (xpauxqerocs s l4l,{n. fly6nrluuoft Bn6nr'rorexe).
B rou 111e MoHacrbrpe [. Kouauoecxnfi orKpblJr AnHHHyIo I4 BecbMa crapllHHylo craBfiH-
cKyro HaArracb rrr4caHHylo rJIatoJIHIIerc, yKpbIBaBIIIeIocr oT B3opoB rlpexHHx locerurelefi uoua-
crbrps no.4 cepe6prrHuoro prnsoro rofi vyAornopnoli I,rKoHbI, na roropoft oHa HaqepraHa. Enalo-
Aaprr roMy o6crosrealcrBy, qro BMecre c l. KoqasoBcKI4M, no uoefr npocl6e, orrlpaBl4Jlcfl caM
lpeuecxari Murponolar lpnropufi, 6es xoroporo IIoAo3pt4reJIbHbIe lpeqecKHe MoHaxI4 Hr 3a qro
ne orrpu.nt 6u eMy Hayr{Hblx coKpoBr.rq cBoero MoHacrblpg, HaIIleMy npo3opnl4BoMy yIIeHoMy
yAanocb y6zAurt HacrorrreJrrr Ao3BoJIarb rtpfinoAnlrb pu3y I,IKoHbl I{ TeM Aarb eMy Bo3Mox-
HOCTb CrlHCaTb HaAnHcb.
Apyryro HaAnr4cb HarreJr l. Koqauoscr<ufi, ya rarvlue 6.ltlgl noJlypa3pyufls[refics Hrtrie
rpeuecroft qepKoBKa, B nonyqacoBoM paccrorrHr.ru or r. Crasttuaxu, y floAHoxlg PoAocxHx (Po-
AorrcKrrx -- 6. m., A. .4.) top. UepKoBb era, BecbMa ApeBHflr HbIHe ocraBJleHa,
Ho 6Healor AHH B
roAy, B r(oropbre rpeqecKoe HaceJreHze oKpecrrrocrefi co6upaercq B Hefl' u rpeuecxraft cBflIuen-
HaAnuCb fJlacl4Tb, I{TO IIepKoBb 9Ta npe}KAe
HuK coBep[aer raM 6oroc.rlyxeHue. BnureynoMsHyraq
6una ctannHcKoro rr ocHoBaHa UapeM AceHero Il. 3arue,{areJrbHo,
r-rro HaAnncb 9Ta Hoclrr cJIeAbI

BecbMa cBexefi, [peAHaMepeHuoft nopuu KaKr4M To rynbtM opy,[,HeM' oKa3aB[II4M oAHaKo

6eccu.lr-
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6ulu lpexu B Br4\y cBexecTH rlapanuH,

pI HeJrb3s nopyq8Tbct, rtTo oHI4 He cAeJlaHL no npul(a3y
KaKoro .nu6o luqa pr3 rr1cJra tpeqecKoto AyxoBeHerBa @u.nunnolons npoBeAaBluero o HaMepeHI'lI{

l. KoqaHoscKoro o6o3perb cJIaBsHcKI4e ApeBHocrt4 crapllHbl'

1K, ylp e q e K. Etarapcra AHeBHIIK, 1879-1884, r, II, flaosAzs-Co$un, 1932, 444'

z Opuruxamr Ha AoKyMeHra ce HaMr.rpa a I-tll4A.[ CCCP, S. 733, on. L42, 1883 r., a. 834, ';r. 3' 3 a6;
-
Konue or cbull{e aoKyMeHr ce HaMHpa a MECA, Cooun, no,q ''\& 861 or I 'uo
4 crp'
 120

Or rosu ,uoKyMeHT ce BH)I(Aa, qe B cBoero AoHeceHHe flyrara cro6rqana Ha pyeKoro

JHn,lollarHqecKo I(oHcyJIcrBo s KoHcTaHTHHoIIoJI Ba HHTepecHr4Te oTKpurns Ha BHAHHT pycr(H
Ji:,:o.lor-caanncr npoQ, Bnaavtuup Baczaesflv Ka,{aHoecru,l uanpaaeHn n Baqxoncrzs MaHacrHp
;o BpeMe Ha HeroBoro rloceuleHne. Orrpnrure nperrucu Ha rp.rUKH eBaHrernq e Ea,txoscras
MaHacrHp Ka'{aHoncxx orHacq rtlr IV-V B. or H. e. 3a ctulrre npenrzca BeposrHo roBopr{ H
I'lnaH lorueB, Ho tl,t orHacfl xtr'a X-XI s.2 OcseH ToBa B Aor{yMeHTa ce cro6qasa, ve B. Ka-
qaHoBcKI'l orKpan cJIaBflHcKLI Ha4nvrc, rracaH Ha rJraronnrla H r.r3qyKaH
B.bpxy 4nere cpe6tpH6
[,I]acrHHKH Ha uKoHara Ha Ceera Eoropo4nqa. TasH vKoHa ce na3u vr Ao AHec B MaHacrHpcKara
ubpKBa. Henpana.nHo ro3LI Ha.4nl{c e u3TbJrKyBaH Karo cJraBeHcKH, rucaH Ha rJraroJrr4ua. flpes
1949 r. cbBercKnre yrteHn Ar<auuit lanpu.tonau LUaur-rA3e, Haxolafi A,texcau4ponuu Eepaenuu_
BHIIH 14 Orap l4cH4opoBllq frreHeftu;nznr4 ycranoBr{xa, qe HaAnr.rcr,T e Ha rpy3aHCKH e3r4K H
AaAoxa roqeH npeBoA, Karo r(opntr4paxa 4oceraruuur.s
B rpaa Ha AoI{yMeHra ce cro6uaBa 3a orr(pgr crraBglcKu HaArrr4c B nonypa3pyueHara
fp'brlKa u'bpKBa, HaMvpaqa ce Ha pa3croqHrre ro./toB?tH qac n.br or AceHoerpaA (crauuuaxa,l B
no.(Ho)Kuero Ha Po4olare. Clopeg Ka.ranoecxz q.bpr(Bara 6zna nocrpoeHa oT l-,Inan Aceu II, a
rraAnlrcbr crrope.4 c'btur4q e 6un uzppacKaH BepoqrHo or rp.brlKoro AyxoBeHcrBo.
Cne4eHuxra Ha Ka,taHoncKa ce
nOTB'bpX(AaBaT oT tScneABaHHflTa Ha
l,Isau lomee.a flo noBo4 Ha HHrepec-
HHre orKpr4Tufl Ha Ka,{aHoncxu llyrara
npaBr,r HoBo .4oHeceHr4e or l5 roHH
1883 r. noa JVs 3l c npe4.rroxeHne 3a
orKpHBaHeTo Ha nocTofHeH pycKn ap-
xeoJrorHqecKH r.rHcrr.rryr n Et.urapna,
,,KoriTo Aa 6r,qe HatJreAeH o6paseq na
crpora HayLrHa 4efiHocr, Ha Brlcue yr{H-
JII]UIe, T. e" TaK'bB, KaK'bBTO HfMa Ha
ue,rIHs Balxancrcu noJryocrpoB, qHero
oTc'bcTBHe ce qyBCrByBA TaKa OCTpO
B MHoro lpecxpr6nr rrBreHns Ha Me-
crHns x{r,tBoru, Beponruo Aarara Ha
To3a Aor(yMeHT e crpeueHa. Cunranre,
ue lpn6aa Aa ce r{ere 15 roHz 1883 r.
BMecro l5
ro.tlz 1883 r., noHexe rr ABe-
Te .4oHeceHHrr ca flucaHw B e,rl,trH LI
c'bul AeH, KoeTO JIr,rtlH OT TqXHOTO C',b-
A'bpxaHrle r,r TqxHaTa HoMepall6rr
30 n 31.
Konzs AoHeceHrirr KoJIJIexccKo-
ro Accecopa flyrmu !,er?crnHre,rruo-
My Cratcro:uy ConerHrexy Ony,u or
15-ro arcuq lB83 r., Ne 31.
O6p. 112. Konue or aokyMegr, r.r3AaaeH sa 11. XL 1883 r. Hayvnaa rleHHocrb onr,rcaHnbtx
a l-lerep6ypr or ZvneparopcKoro pycKo apxeonorftqecKo B IIpeIUeCTByTOUIeM AOHeCeHr.r{ apxeo-
.qpyxecrBo "Iotrlrtr cKr.lx HaxoAoK AaeT IIpaBo BbI-
1 Eo.'rtular{ coB. 3HrluKJ'toneAr.,e, T. 20, 412,
2 L4. I o lu e B. Hoev aaHHt-r 3a Iicloprtra r. apxeonoruflra Ha Eaqrosckrlfl MaHacrhp. lo4unrrnr na CoQ.
vHHBepcr.{rer, VI, Boroc,rroe. Q-r, CoQul, 1931, 346.
3 A.UoHqee.CtsercKl.rrerpy3HHcJiriyqeHfinBr,,rrapnn.Apxeo,loruuecKUBecrr.t.fHMll,r, ll,Co$ur, 1950,237.
I Yl. I o rl e e I[. c., 351 332.
5 Muxala KoucraHrnnoeuv Onl' pvcxl r,Ltr.norar, npeacratsHTerr e Koscranrusonor 1879:1882.
- -
 "21

cKa3arb HeKoropble HeBonbHo HanpauuBai'oull4ecs coo6paxeul'ls

no [oBoAy Aa;bHefiilrx IJIafOB
apxeoJlolfiH B IOXHOCJIaBSHCKI',TX 3eMJIgX.
co6Hparouascs, ro cJryxaM, OTnpaBHrbcrr n Eolraprzto pyccKat yqeHatl
3Kc[Ie.u,Hul'lq He-

npeHecer HayKe 6o.ruuryro rroJrb3y, 3a

r{To pyKalorcq caMble HMeHa HMeIoqI4x npH-
coMHeHHo
Hrrrb B ueri yuacrHe .lnq.Ilo 6yrer nu oHa nod'te3Ha vI AJrr calroti crpaHbl? 3ror Bonpoc Mo-
lIL1 MOX{HO OTBeTI'ITb Ha HerO
)KeT IIOKa3aTbCfl napaAOKCOM JII'llIIb ua nepBltli BSlJItlA 14 Bpfl'[,
rlro llo c'ryllae or6ltrze 3KCneAlluH14
a6coarorno yrBepAr{TenbHO, XOTrr 6lt yxe noroM)/ BcflKoM
paBHOcl4nbHo Anfl cTpaHbl H3BecrHOMy MHHyC,v B ee HbIHetlIHUX
apxeo/lofl4qecKHx 6orar-
6yAer
CTBaX, BMeCTe C ilpr4XOAglUI4M BOCUOMIIHaHI4eM
O HeCKO"lbKaX MhMOJIeTHbIX 3HaKOIUCTBaXt OBa-
qt4fx t4 peqax.
He 6yAer nH rrocJreAH ss IlIIfl crpaHbl w npv rou 6ee yuep6a AIq
HayKH' ecJIH 6sr
gKcneAlttluu (ne ce aeme) 6rtna ynorpe6aena
BecbMa 3Haq'reJrbHarr accrrHyeMarr Ha pacxoAbl
(u'na HHoro HayuHOrO) HHCrH-
Ha yqpex(Aeuue ne6orl111oro Ho oocTotlHHoro apxeoJloruqecKoro
TyTa, c olpaHl4r{eHHblM HO AOCTaToqHblM
IbI'{HbIM COCTaBOM, e)KeloAHO ocBexae-
MbIM KOMaHAI'IpoBKoIo MOJIO'I,bIX CJIa-
BHCTOB H yqeHbIX, I'lHbIX I4MeIOIqHX oT-
HorrreHHe K CrpaHe c[eIII]anbHOCTeil'
KOTOpble coBoKynHblMt4 ycvnvflMt4 C
j
f--?Je t "t c .... r t.
MecrHbrML AIzJIeraHTaMI{ MolJIIl 6r,t no- 1,"*.,,,*". -',.

creneHHo LI HeycraHno, paspa6arblBarb

HJrH )Ke HaxonxMble AaHHbIe no oTHo-
rrreHr,rrc KaK K rlpounoMy crpaHbl' raK
H K ee HacToflueMy.
Kpovre HenocPeACrBeHHofi rloJIb-
gbr, raxofi HHcrI4Tyr uor 6u rBrgrbcl
MaJrbtM, Ho HarnqAHbIM O6pa3IIOM CTpOIO
HAYI{HOfi, BbIClxCfi IIIKO,IIbI' T. C. I'IMCHHO
TeM, qero Her Ha ecela EarraHCKoM
nonyocTpoBe, H oTcyTcTBae qefo TaK
roph,Ko AaeT ce6q qyBCTBOBaTb BO
MHOTI4X Upl.tcXop6nrtx flBJIeHI'tflX Me-
crnoft xl.l3HLI.
fl orycxarc MHorI4e .[Pyrxe Bb]'
roAbr noAo6Horo pacxoAoBaHnfl cyMM /
f.:"" .+
/ z)
f" '"! lt . 'f" (r' '
--] !

Ha yrrpexAeHHe nocronHuolZ BMecro fa7rrrnsr,,r,

epeueHnoli oKcneAI'lIIl4H, KaK HanpHMep
TO, qro yI{peAI'rB pyccrzft nHcrl4Tyr B
Eo.nrapnu tttt Kpelqe o6ocuyerucn B
O6p. 113. Konue or AoKyrueHl, u3AaaeH na 29. XI. 1883 r'
crpaHe, yrBepAHB Hotsyrc roqKy HpaB- e flerep6ypr or MraulcrepcrBoro Ha Hapo,(Horo
crBeHHO|O c HHM COnpl'lKocHoBeHHfl B npocBeuleHIle n PYcHn
oAUHaKOBO AOporHx AJIfl HaC HaIIHOHanb-
HO-HayqHblx 14HTepeccax.
Bc.tu 6u ara MbtcJtb yAocrounacl o4o6peuun HuneparopcKolo Ml'iHllcrepcrBa' tl o3a-
6orH,ncn 6u npe4cr:aBJreuHbtM B oHoe noqrr4 oKoHqareJlbuo nupa6oraHuolo MHoIo IlJIaHa lo,u,o6-
HOto ),lrpelKAeHflrl oc)ruecTBuMocrb Koefo, B BH.4y npl{Mepa aHaIolxqecKI'lx HHCTIiTyTOB B HHbIX
crpaHax (uanpnrr,{ep u Erunre) He l\{o)I(er [oAnexarb coMHeHI'Irc'
flpe4.noxeHlrero Ha flyrtra 3a c'b3AaBaHero Ha P),cn" apxeonoratlecKl'l aHcrrlryr B
E-s,,rrapal 6u,lo nocpexlnaro or Pyccoro apxeororqqecKo Apyx(ecrBo c Il:bJIHo o4o6penue.
16 Apxeororrr, xa. l-2, 1959
 122

C nucvo or I I Hoeunpu 1883 r. Ao Mr4Hrlcrbpa Ha npocBerrlennero e Pycua l4nay flanuAoBr.rq

flelnuon ce HacrosBa 3a cBS.4aBaHeTo Ha TaKbB r4Hcraryr. .(oryrnlenr or 1 I Hoeunpu lB8B r..
noA ,Nb 224.1
182751429 15 nor6px 1883

HM|IEPATOPCKOE Ba ue Bu coKonpeBocxoA r.r r e Jr bc r B o

PYCCKOE MN.nocrneHri locyAa pb,
APXEOJIOfUIqECKOE
IrIsan !anuAoBfiq
oEtr{ECTBO
Cerperapr
ll-ro uoa6pq 1883 r.
Ite 224

vrpannrrou{nfi leuepanuuu KoucyJrbcrBoM e ora.nrnnono.ne Ko.n.nex-

cxurl Accecop Ilyrara coo6uar n Mauacrepcrno nepeAaHHyro B Kortlru no
rrpr4KasaHvro Baurenry a Apxeo,lorr4r{ecKoe o6uecrno 6yuary o6 yvpex4enru
n Eo.lrapzz He6onsruoro, Ho rrocrosHHoro ApxeoJrorHrrecKoro HHcrHTyra, c or-
PAHI4qCHHbIM, HO AOCTATOqHbIM,IIAqHbIM COCTABOM C)KCIOAHO OCBC)KACMbIM
KOMaHAUpOBKOTO B HerO MO,rrOAbrx c,/raBucToB r,r ,4pyrax yqeHbIX.
flpusuanan MbrcJrb I- llyrrru gacny)Kr.rBarouyro BHnMaHHs, u orHocscb
r nefi coqyBcrBeHHo, I4naneparopcKoe Pyccroe Apxeo.norzuecroe o6uecreo
ocMeJraBaerca npoczrs Baure BucoxolpenocxoAr4TenbcrBo, He rrpr43Haere .11r.r

nu y4o6nuu nolirz B cHorrreHr4e c f. t-lyrarofi o upl.rcslJrKe [ocneAHr4M Bbr-

pa6oraHuuu HM nrraHa Apxeo.toruuecKoto r{Hcrr4Tyra n Eolrapuu.
c uyncraou or,rrlrqHoro yBaxeHHrr r,r coBeprxeHHyro npeAaHHocrbro
nuero qecrl 6uru

Ero Bucoronpee-y Baurero BucoronpenocxoAHTeJrbcrB a

U. E. AennHoBy noKopHbrM clyrofi
(n) ne ce ueme

Or Hero acHo ce Bwrra npaBHJIHoro orHorrIeuue ua Pycroro apxeorornr{ecr(o Apyx(e-

crBo KbM c'b3AaBaHero ua ApxeoJloraqecKa HHcraryr n Et,trapnr H KbM c.b3.rlaBaHero na 6u-
lapcKara apxeorornqecKa HayKa. Or csoq crpaHa 14. [enauon B:bB ocHoBa Ha Ha[paBeHoro My
AoHeceHIle [peAnala Ha A.uexcan4tp Eroponru BnaHra.nz Aa 6tAe B'b3[pr4er rrpeAno)r(eHasr
nJraH or flyrxra 3a cb34aBaHero Ha Apxeo,rorauecKH t4Hcrlrryr n Bt.nrapur.
Bx. gor<yueHra or 29 uoenrepr 1883 r. no4 Ne IESl4.z (o6p. 113).

I Ull4A"rl, 0. 733, on. 142, 1883 r., ,q. 834, n" 9 u 9 a6. Konue MECA, Nb 863, t.7 u 2.
I UlhAJl, 0. 733, on. 142, 1883 r,, l. 834, a. 10 n l0 a6, Konue MECA, I& 864, n t n 2.
 i23

929
Ornycr
MI,IHI'/ICTP
HAPO,IHO|O nPOCBEU{EHI4' l0
29 Hoa6Pr lB83 r.
Ns 15514
ft I o c Y.[,a Pb
M n.no crLIB u
A.rer<caHAp EroPoBHr{'

[Ipu nlctue or 5-ro I4IoJIs celo roAa sa Ne 2583, r' M-p I'lHo-
crpaHHblx An, [pe[poBOAI'lB I(O MHe KoflI-irc C AOHeceH[f ynpaBJIsIoUelO
fenepa.nrnu*r Koucy.nscrnoM HaIIIIaM n (Du.lunnOnO,re ttpOCI'IJI or3blBa Moelo
O BbrCKa3aHHbtX KO,r,reXCxHna ACCeCOpOu flyrarOrO npeAnOnOXeHITrlx' OTHO-
cHTeJIbHo yrrpexAeHut{ ApxeolorauecKoro HHcrl'Iryra e BonrapHa'
HaxoAs neo6xoAuuunr npr4 paccMorpeHr.ifi cero BOnpOca HMeTb B
nu4y aupa6oraHuttfi l. flyraroro nnaH Apxeo,loraqecKoro I'IHcrl'{ryra s BoI-
tapnLr, ,trO"ltfoM CqrzTaIO npeABapUTenbHO COO6UeHHe 3aK,IIrcqeBZtl MOero nO

o3HarleHHoMy Bonpocy o6parvfilcn r Bau, Mnnocrlrsrtti focy.uapb' c noKop-

HefiUrefi lpOCS6Orc, He I{3BOJIHTe JrLI BbI tlpI,I3HaTb BO3MOX(HbIM CAenaTb 3a=
BHCsUIee pacnoptlxeHue o AocTaBJIeHI',lI4 O3HaqeHHolo IIJIaHa.
flprruzre yBepeHue B coBep[IeHHoM rloqrenl4u L, upeAaHHocrn

(nodnuc) 14. ilennuon

Ero flPeeocxo4-nY
A. E. Bnaurarvl

Or uerzpnre AoKyMeHTa craBa scHo, qe npeAJro)KeHaero Ha flyrxra e cpeIrIHaJIo noA-

KperraTa Ha Hafi-gzcnata r4HCTaHIIrrr no roBa BpeMe, p'bl(oBoAeua apxeonolfirlecKaTa Hayl(a LI
apxeoJroffiqecKrzre npoyqBaHnrr B Pycuq, B JII4IIero Ha Znaneparopcl(oro apxeororl4r{ecKo Apy-
x(ecrBo. Ho raar-r r,rAeq He MotJra Aa ce ocbtqecrBl4 nopaAz Hacr:bnI4JIIrn no-KlCHo o6par n no-
Jrr4rHqecKHTe orHorxeHuq Mex(Ay Br.nrapnn u Pycnn. Pycrara HayrlHa o6ilIecrBeHocr He ce or-
Ka3ana or c.b3.rr,aBaHero Ha raKbB HayqeH HHcruryr" flpes naeceq Qenpyapu 1895 r. n Ilapurpa4
6nr ocuosaH Pycra apxeorotzvecKfi r.tHcrnryr. Heron Aupel(rop 6un s npoA:bn)KeHue Ha 20 ro-
n.lrHz rcreMrzer pycKr4 yqeH, Bz3aHro,,ror n npnsreJl Ha 6rnrapct<usr HapoA @eo,[,op
LlsaHoeut{
Vcnencxu. EAua or oc6oBHr.rre 3a1attr4 Ha ro3a rlHCTLlTyr 6nna uzytaBaHeTo Ha 6I4BIUara BH3aH'

ruficxa fir{[epafl n ua ueriuure c'bceAr,r. Ha np:bB TIJIaH B ToBa orHolxeuue 6unu [ocraBeHH 3a

apxeonotfiqecKo npoyqBaHe 6r,"rrapcxare 3eMr-r. B,raroAapeHi{e Ha ro3a I'lHcrlzryr 3a[oqHaJII{ 3a

tIpbB n-bT cHcTeMHrJ apxeoJlofr4qecKa pa3KOIIKX r.1 lIpoyI{BaHI4fl IIOA HayqHoTo p'bKoBoACTBO Ha
O. tr4. VcueHcKa B Hautara fl-bpBa croJraqa llnacxa, E,rqcrashre pe3y!'ITara or re3l'l flpoyl]RaHHfl
6nnvt ny6nui(yBaHa e ., 1l:aecrnn Apxeo,rronr4qecKoro tlHcrlzryra B KoHcraHTaHo[ore", r. 10, 1905
r"
I4Aeqra 3a c.b34aBadero Ha ApxeonolzuecKl,r LIHcrHryr B 6r.nrapr'rn or 1883 l. ce oc'b-
rqecrngBa eABa B l92l r.
pycxara Halrqs^ o6rUecrnesocr, tneAaftKr.r Ha Ha[Iara crpaHa Karo Ha crpaHa Ha KJIacI4-
qecKara H craBflHCKara ApetsHocr, 6otara c apxeonotl4qecKI4 IIaMerHI4uI'r' Aonpl'lHacg H3BbHpeAHo
MHoto upes Pycnarr apxeoJrorr4r{ecKl4 HHCTHTyT B Uapl4tpaA 3a [ocraBqHe Ha HayI{HH ocHoBH
TrrxHOTO pa3Kpl.IBaHei npoyqBaHe I4 ona3BaHe.
 RPOYqBAHI4fl V KOHCEPB A\UVI HA ABOPUOBilq KOMTIJIEKC
HA KPENOCTTA UAPEBEU B TbPHOBO
APX.6. UTHATOB

Cro6pasno c r,rgr.rcKBanlqra Ha ctBpeMeHHara HayKa 3a H3yrraBaHe I,t 3a ona3BaHe

Ha
laMerH'urre Ha Marepuar*ara r(ynrypa tpw*ara 3a apxr.rrer(rypHoro HacneAcrBo
ce H3pa3flBa
B 'qBe Hacoxz' Ha nbpBo Mffcro crot4 apxareKTypHo-apxeonorur{ecKoro I43cJreABaHe,
Koero IIerH
Aa ycraHOBH c'bcrorHgero Ha naMerHfiIlltre' TexHare Qopnau, I(oHCTpyKIIr4u r.r yKpaca,
eBeHTyaJlHrz
Hac!'loeHtlfl I'l Aorl'b'tHHTe./IHH npeycrpolicrna, Karo peMoHTH, pecraBparlau
H Dp. , u uat?-noc,rle
ra c'b3AaAe nbJrHa rfzncaqzr upea apxr{reKrypHo 3acHeMaHe, rpa(rzvecxo [peACTaBsHe,
AOK)'MeHTr.rpaHe t,l onzcaHrze 3a BceKH KOHKpe,reH c,ryvafi. E,Aea crre.(
Qoro-
[pHr(nroqBaHeTo Ha Te3H
HlicJIr llt3ilHl'lil, rorll'lHe llu c Aoll'b,rJHliTe'lHH TexHaqecKa,
TexHorottzr.tecKH H 1pyrv npoyqBaHltf 3a
KaqeCTBOTO Ha MaTept-Jar'tUTe, 3a aruOC(tepHrZTe H
Ap)/tU Bl11r;rllrr, 14 C,te,4 yCTaHOBflBaHTO Ha
rrbrHa H BflpHa Ar.ratHo3a c,reABa KoHCepBa{uoHHo-B.b3craHoBureJIHara
AetZHocr, Korro o.r,cBorr
crpaHa uMa 3a Ue,rI Aa cnpe pa3pymBrenHr.rr{ fipoqec rj
Ia .qOBeAe AO A.bnrorpaliuo KoHcO,IIr{-
AHpaHe Ha ocTaHa.[oTo olue 3ApaBo oT rraMeTHnqhTe, eAHOBpeMeHHO C KOeTO.U,a
c.bsAa.tle r1 B,r]3_
MOIKHOTO ecTerlrqecKo oQoprvraaane Ha crapHHrrre H Ha Cpe.4ara
oKoJrc rflx.
Ha res, ocHoBHI'I Haqaila H cbo6pa3Ho c MecrHare ycnoBr,rr H B.b3MoxHocrr'
ca npo-
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Ha Kpenocrra Ilapeeeq n
TrpHoeo npee 1957 r.
3a pasnuxa or raMerHHuHTe, Kot'tro B AoceraltH ara cv ,,paKTHKa cMe npoyqBarr.J,
3a-
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BCRKo orHotueHI4e MHoro
no-rexKa u l\elruKar[a 3a pa3peuaBaHe saAa,Ja. Ha n.bpBo MflCTO ryr(
He ce Kacae Ao eAHa
eArHHa ClpaAa' a Ao C'llo)KeH apxaTeKTypeH KOMIL'IeKC, HaCUTeH
oT nocrpot?xu c pa3npqHo
pa3IIonox(eHHe I{ YCTpoliclao, [peAHa3Haqentr 3a HyxAHTe
r,r ct4rypHocrra Ha cpeAHoBeKoBHuq
B"laAereJ'l' Pastto'rolKeu B cpeAara Ha x'bJIMa Ha cpaBHHTe.uHo nafi-yA
o6aata BHCoKa r,rrouraAKa,
'lBopell'br KOMIlo3LIqfloHHO e Aocra i'IoBrl4qH or coeqnQuqHuq xapaKrep Ha repeHa. flpe4r.r BcsqKo
CTP'bMHI.JTE CK.IIOHOBE OT ?I3TOK N 3ANA[\ H
P,I3I(OTO B'b3BAIIICHfiE HA rcI OTPAHHqABAT EAHA IIJIOIU,
He'l'ocrar:bLlHa 3a cno6o4Horo pa3rloJlataHe Ha nocrpotixure.
,rlrzncara Ba repeH e 11pHHyAHna
crpoHrenl'ITe ga lpu6aruar Ao crbcrqBane Ha crpaAaTe,
AopH Ao AoJrenBaHero fiM eAHa Ao
-Lp-\ la' TaKa qe Ha Mecra re ca o6pa3yBanu HerlpeKr,cHara 14
cB'bp3aHa Bepata. flo ror HaqHH
.\tah'ap I.r B TecHr4 paMKr.r e octruecrBeHa eAHa ,{ocra o6ennucra
crpoHTenHa nporpaMa. Ha.naqe
ca AaHHlr 3a cbruecrByBaHero Ha 4e6e.lr KpenocrHr{ creHk, Ko}rro
ca orpaxAa nu aucav6,sna,
or5paHaeau eAHoBpeMeHHo or btJIoBu I{ MexAr.rHHu Kylrn H cBbpBaH
c 4o6pe 3arrrrzreHg rJraBHH
H BropocrerIeHHH BxoAoBe' Bln alrpeluHocrra BHcoKo crtpqar
ocraHKH or rpaAex(a, Me)KAy
I'OHTO IIO CBOfl IIJIAH flCHO CE OqCPTABAT O6UTUPUA }ATV:,
ABOPIIOBA IIbPKBA, )I(NNI{IIIHH I]OME-
IueHHtl 3a BJla,lleretn w tpvt6ttuxeHHTe My, Ka3apMI.r 3a oxpauara,
cKJraAoBe 3a xpaHnren6r4 rrpg-
nacH' BoAa' 6ofiur'r MarepHaJIH H rlp., croflaHcxr{ rrocrporir(H, Karo neurr4
3a xnx6, npeca 3a rrpLt-
foTBqHe Ha BUHO H np., c Ipytu .4yMr.t BcHqKO, neo6xoAnuo 3a e/.t4H CpeAHOBer(OBeH 3ana,bx.r

1 flpe.lnasHaveHhero Ha elpaaure
e onpeAenetso or plKoBoAfiTenq Ha pa3xoilKare aKa/r. Kp, Mumen.
 125

ocseH TaSu HacaTeHOCT OT pa3HoBHAHH CTpoexa, KotlTo 3HaqLITeJIHO yCfiO)I(HflBa KaKTO

apxeorotgqecKrare H apxaTerTypHr.rre [poyqBaHlaq, TaKa Ia KoHcepBallfioHHure pa6orn, B ABopeUa
na Ifapeneu ca KoEcrarr4paHH u HTTKOJTKO CTpOETeJrHr,r erana. Tara uanpvtMep orl(pl-trl'lre ocHoBHI4
H HaAocHoBrrH 3HAOBe Ha Tpr4 3acT'bnBarrlu ce eAHa HaA Apyfa clpa.qu, pa3noJIo)I(eHH B UeH-
TpanHOTO B.bTpeUHO IIpOCTpaHCTBOT CBHAeTenCTByBaT 3a cT,[IeCTByBaHeTO
Ha Tpl,l 3aJII']' BCsKa
eAHa or Kor.rTo e crpoega 14 e H3rroJI3yBaHa B pa3nnqHo BpeMe. Xaparrepeu c.lyuati
npeAcTaB-

JrrrBa BTopaT a Baua, KoflTo, flBliBaftKV ce HaA nripBaTa' e oQoprraeua raro rpHrcopa6na
crpala, B
qaCT OT 1JIOU{Ta Ha il'bpBaTa 3a1a, I{ TO TaKa' qe
KoM11O3r1UgqTa Ha qufiTO IIJIaH e BK,'lrcqeHa
B.bHIUHr.tsT CeBepeH gvn\ A Ha .4BeTe c[paAH e cTb[BaJI Bbpxy e\Hvl kl cbulH ocHoBI4'
flo!,HoeeHa e 6u.na cblllo TaKa r{ ABoprIoBaTa II'bpI{Ba, KoflTO [bpBoHaIraIHO H eAHOBpeMeHHo
c'bc cr'nlecrByBaHero Ha BTopara 3aJIa He e riMaJIa HaprLKa' 'l'oKaearercrBo 3a roBa e
caMl4tlr

Haqr4H, no KofiTo e craHaJro AoJrenBaHero Ha Ilbpl(Bara ,llo noJlyKptr,'Iara

ancu.u,a Ha saJlara'
Cne.u, npenre o6aue, Koraro v aflcv!.ara e 6uta pa3pyileHa H Kolaro UflJIoro Sana.ll,Ho
rlpocrpaH-
crBo npeA ua,pr(Bara e 6uno ocBo6o.4eHo, e ngrr4tlara HaprzKara. 14 B roBI4 cJlyqaft .[a.u,eHoro
o6flcHeHue ce [orB.bpx(AaBa or AaHHr4 Ha Mffcro, K'bAero
qcHo fll.IqH KaK qacr or pe3pyueHara
ancr{Aa e 3acT6IIeHa OT HOBOnOCTpOeHI'Iq npI'lTBOp.
3HaqfiterHu npoMeHH e npelbpnqJl ABopeqbr I'l orKbM ceBepHara 14 ceBepo3anaAHara

cTpaHa, KbAeTo IIol1 oTKprzTara qeThpH'bf'b,'rHa 'bf,'IoBa KyJIa nex(aT ocTaHKnTe Ha Kp'brJIa clpaAa'
BeposrHo rraK Kyna. Hati-ltHrepecHr4 o6aqe ca npeycrpotictnata, HBB'bpIIleHx B yqacrbKa Me)KAy
IIbpKBara h tJraBHLtfl BXOA' 3a KOI4TO n9-noApo6Ho nle roBopHM no-Halony'
Cloxnara H AeJrrrKarHa npo6.neua, Kosro [peAcTaBnqBar ocraHKilre Ha ABopeua Karo
o6eKT 3a apxuTeKrypHo-apxeofiotrirqecKo npoyqBaHe I{ KoHcepBaIIHq, 3HaqI'IreJIHo ce 3aTpy.U,HqBa
r{ oT HacJroflBaH]1rflTa, cTaHaJrH npe3 TypcKoTo po6cTBo. floxpafi KpenocTHHTe cTeHH' Bbpxy Tgx'
BbB BbrpeuHocrra Ha aucau6tJra, HaBcsKbAe ce oKa3axa floBeqe nltu no-Marxo
qacrl'l or
crpoexg, sr41;a11 Ha KaJroB pa3TBop r{ c KaMGK, B3er or [o-paHHHre crpa,4l'I. PagnoloxeHn x
ycrpoegr.t Ha Mecra n ronr6usaurrs cbc crapu 3LIAoBe, Te Aocra MHoro 3arpy.{HqBar KaKro
H3rrcHsBaHeTo n 3acHeMaHeTo Ha n,,taHa, TaKa Lr Qnrcupauero rr,ty Ha MqcTo' E4nonpeuenno c
ToBa 3JroBpe,(Ho 863AeficrBr.re Br,pxy cbcrosHaero Ha crapI4HHTe ca oKa3aJrH arMoc0epHHTe
pacrgre/rHocrra r{ oco6euo xopara, KoHTo 6eenpenrrcrBeHo ca pylxunld' 3a \a npe-
B1rvrflH4s,
ynoTpe6qr Mareprrana 3a ApyrE UeJrr4, Karo Hanpl4Mep 3a nocrpoflBaHero Ha .U,xaMl{sra' I{3AI'lrHara
npeA .qBopella HacKopo cneA npeB3eMaHero aa I-{apeneq or rypllHre'
Or nanpaneHr4re npe3 1957 r. npoyqBaHnfl ce ycraHoBH' rle flpu Hsrpax(AaHero Ha ra3I'I
nocTpofiKa ca ynorpe6egg o6pa69reHl,r KaMeHHI{ KBa,U,pI{ Or crpaAI"I Ha ABopeqa. flo 'IHUesHre
cTpaHH Ha Te3r,r 6.[oxose ccHo rr,rqaT Abn6oKo uz4wt6ann KpbcToBe.
v raxa ABOperI6r xa [apeeeq npeAcraBnqBa Aocra KoMnnl,Iuilpaua Qopua Ha cpeAHo-
BeKoBeH 3aM6K. flpettpna.l HeKonKoKpaTHI'I flpeycrpoficrBa npes nepuo,4a Ha Bropara
6urapcxa
,u,'bpxaBa U o6egILIqeH npe3 TypcKoTo po6CTBo, Toft e .4OCTLlHan ll,o
Hac B [oJ]oXeHI{e Ha
pygHa B MHoro Jlo1IIo c.bcroffHfle. Orxpunanero o6aqe Ha ro3LI 3HaqHTeJIeH apxl'ITeKTypeH KoM-
nJIeKC, TqCHO CBbp3aH C npOyqBaHeTO Ha H3MLIHa, nepl{OA OT IrCTOpLlfTa Ha Ha[Iuq HapOA' Ha-
Jrara HefoBoro Hafi-uareJlflo H3cneABaHe H apxl{reKrypHo-apxeonorHqecKo Qzxcnpaue'
Hanpaaennar flpes 1948 r. nJran Ha orKpr4rara AorotaBa qacr or ABopeua 6e HeeaAo-
BoJIr{TeJreH. Ha ntpno Mrrcro Jlr{ncBa[re ctorBercrBlle MexAy AeftcrBlTenHoro noJloxeHle Ha
Mscroro H noKasaHoro B [JraHa. He 6eu:e orpa3en HaqHHGT, tro KoIlTo ca cBbp3aHH oTAeJIHI'Ire
3H,ZI,ole, T. e. He 6eure sCuO .LaJILI Te Ca B KOHCTpyKTI'IBHa Bpb3Ka nOMeX,4y Cx,
L1trtr4 Ca caMO

Aorrpegn. 3u4onere, rpaAeHH Ha KaJroB pa3TBop, 6gxa noxagaHlr SaeAHo

c xopocaHeHl4Te Karo
eAr4H tpaAex. HeAocrarbquo BHHMaHHe 6enre o6rpHaro H Ha ycraHoBeHI'ITe HsKonKo
pa3raI{HH

cTpoHTeJrHr.r fiepuoAa B ueHTpanHoTo BbTperxHo IIpocTpaHcTBo, KbAeTO Crpa,U,H OT pa3rI]qHH IIe-

prloAH 6cxa norasaHH Karo eAHHeH rpaAex.
c Apyfla ,[yMr,r 3acHeTr4qT IIO TO3H Har{r.rH TIJIaH He MOX(e[Ie Aa ce IrSnoJI3yBa 3a Ha-
yqHOr43CneAOBareJrcKH rleJrr4 r{ oilIe no-MarKo Aa cny)KI'I Karo ocHoBa 3a
KoHcepBaIIHOHHO Bb3-
126

craHoBHTe.r'rHa MeponpzflTriff. Crtp-flH Ha Hero, r.r3crreAoBare,'rgr, KofiTo nRual npera BrreqarJ'reHHr

or i\rflcro, rue Hanpalu norpeuHfi I4zBorv1, a KoHCepBaropbr, KoHcoJrr,rArlpafircs gur,oeere, ille
o6es,'rz,rH opr.Jn4Ha.rrHara KoMno3prrlus, r(aKTo roBa B .qericrnarerHocr e craHaJro trppt nbpgr,rre
vKpenh'rer'rHu pa6otu oKor'ro ceBepHara Kyr'ra, qprcrepHara ga BoAa, u3ToqHIzTe rroMeureHLrfl xc
Kpe[ocTHaTa cTeHa A lilaBHuA err.rICoBn.4eH BXOA.
BcaeNo roBa aAEa ,4a [oAcKa)Ke, qe apxr,rreKrypHo-apxeoJroruqecKara Qrxcaqua Karo
qacr oT ToTarFlt4ri MeToA 3a oTKpr4BaHe, ilpoyrlBaHe u o[a3BaHe Ha [aMeTHa[t4Te Ha lraTepLIaJI-
HaTa r(yJrTypa vMa nbpBocTerreHHo 3Har{eHrje np}r pa3peuaBaHeTo Ha HayqHor43cJjeAoBaTe.rrcKr,rre
H r{oHCepBarIr.JoHHo-B'b3craHoBZTe,rHure npo6rerrau. Llant,pureauero h cJIeAoBareJrHo He e 14 He
N{oxe Aa 6'lAe uexaur4qHa rexHHuecra pa6ora, a Ba,[poc Ha 3HaHue, oIIr4T LI orHolrleHr,re, Koero
apxr.rreKTbr-crrequarlicr rpa6ea .rIa lrpr.rre)KaBa.
flopa4ra ra3r4 npr4qaHa H rpeA BHA Ha e)KeroAHoro orKpr4BaHe Ha HoBa yqacrblll4 or
ABoprloBr..rrr KoMtrJreKC, Kor.]To rpa6ea Aa 6rr,ar npoyqBaHH, 3acHeMaHz 14 cBa,p3BaHr.r B eAr4HeH
nJraH, ce npeAnpr.ie roraJrHo npe3acHeMaHe Ha rreJrnq aHcaN{6'E,r z ce cb3AaAe HoB rrJraH, Kor?To
o6xsarqa n,Torrl HaA 4000 xe. Nr, B roBa r{ac,'ro rr ocranKr.rre 01' ABopeua, orKpHTH lo ]957 r.
(o6p. ll4). Tpr6aa Aa or6e,reNnru 06aue, qe B'bnpeKZ BqpHoro sacHeMaHe rz npaBr4JIHoro orpa3rr-
BaHe Ha apxareKTypHo-apxeoJ'rorzq'ecxoro c'bcrosnfle BCe IIaK To3r4 rrJraH He e oKoHr{areren. I-lpr
BCflr{o npoyrlBaHe, [pe4rxecrByBaruo KoHCepsaqaure, roli rrocrorrHHo ce tton'b,rrBa c HoBt4 rroA-
po6uocra, r.r3rrcHrlBarua peruqa npc6reurl or KoMno-rrdqaoHeH, KoHcrpyr{TI4BeH I.r Apyr xapal(Tep.

O6p, 114. O6ut uer,rel Ha qacr or nBopuoBl.jqKoMflreKc HaKpcnocrra l-lapeaeq e Tlpuoao

3asgpanzreauara Aelinocr [pe3 1957 r. 3auoqHa c'bc BaKpenBaHero Ha Kpei]ocrnara

creHa r\,rexAy ceBepo3ana[Hara u 3arra.u,Hara ry,rra. flpu npoqacrBauero Ha creHara ce ycraHoBI{,
qe Ts e CbCTaBeHa OT ABa 3I'lAa, AOJleleHI4 eAHH AO Apyl: KT,M n'bpBOHaqaJIHI'lg B'bH[IeH 3aAr
rorlro e no-Ae6e.t u e Qyn4vpau gr,n6oKo B:bpxy 3ApaBa IIoqBa, e AoJIerIeH or BbrpeuHara
crpaHa Apyr 3xA, rro-receH, QyH4upaH [JrarKo Bbpxy HacHrI or paBpy[IeHL MarepHaJIIz Ka'
a
-
\{'bHr.r, Tyxlrv, KepeMr{.rrr, xopocaH v np. (o6p. 115, rope). Tona, r<oeto npaBl4 BleqarJleHae rpa6na
la ce or6eJle)Ku, e, qe orK'bM rox{Hrzq cz xpatl Ao 3alaAuara KJv/Ia .q,Bara 3ur,a Ha oIIpeAeJIeHa
BHCoqr.tHa ca cB'bp3anq rroMexAy cH, 'raKa rre rfyrara e HaII'b"iHo o6egnuqeua fl ce Ao6tIBa
 12
''

BneqarJleHHe 3a eAHa eAHHHa

creua. B nocora na cenep o6a-
qe BbTfeIlIHI4flT 3lZA IIpoAl,'l-
x(aBa Aa e or,qeJleH upes (;t'ra
qaK AO Kpaq Ha B'bHIrlHItf 3l'lA.
Kon ca npI4qI4HI4Te, Koltro ca
HaJIOXaJIII IIO9BaTa Ha B'bTpelx-
HHfl ?UA, OIIeBHAHO I43fpaAeH
Ilo-Kr,cno, e BbIIpoc, sa xotiro
HflMa ra Btn nceru
ce c[upaMe.
c,ryuafi c[opeA uac rotl e 6un
r43f paAeH B MoMeHT, Kol'aTo
I{3BECTHA I.IACT OT KPCNOCTHATA
CTeHa, ITMeHHO yrracTbKl,T ,[,O
3arraAHara KyJra, e 6una cu6o-
peHa norrTa Ao ocHoB[Te cn.
Toraea B Ta3lr qacr creHara
E 3AJIOXCHA C IIO-IO.IIflMA AE-
6etuna, a B locoKa Ha ceBep,
IAeTO nA,pBOHaqa,'IHaTa cTeHa
ne e 6a.na HailbJrHo cr6opeHa,
,u,orefleHl,trrr Ao Heq 3r.rA e npeA-
HagHaqeH Aa rr noAcr.r,rn. Tona
TbnKyBaHe Mo)Ke Aa ce noA-
Kperrz u c $axra, ve or raau
CTpaHa KpenOCTHI"lflT 3tt4 e
cpaBHHTeaHo Hafi-rrarx.
Taea xapaxrepHa oco-
6eHocr Ha KpenocrHara crena
6e sgera npeA Br4A 14 npl{ pe-
craBpaqaoHHo-3alIIaTHHTe pa-
6orn, xoHro 6rxa HgB't'pueHLI
no cJIeAHHfi Haqr4Hl .f;

Hafi-nanpe4 3rltAoBere
t;n tl
6sxa ltoltucreHn or BCltqKr4
pa3naAHa,lrE ce KaN4'bHH li oT
poHetuur ce xopocau. "C.neA
rora cr'o6pa3Ho c pa3pylUeHue-
TO, KOeTO He e eAHaKRO HaBCs-
K'bAe, 14 C OTJIeA Ha eAHO tlo-
.4r.nrorpatiHo yKpenBaHe fl c'b3-
,u,aBaHe Ha xapMoHnr{Ha Bp'b3-
Ka c oKoJIHara cpeAa 3H,u,oBere
O6p. 115. Llacr or sanaauara Kpenocrua creua, BK,trcqeua Mer{'{y 3anaaHara
6sxa uaAcrpoeHI,I B'bHITIHI{rr
r.r 'brJloBara ceBepo3a[a,qHa xy'tra (uarlel fipeal4 c,rer xoucepnaunnra)
- 14

,u,o I uBr4coqt4Ha,a Bbrpeil-

Harrr Ao 0,50 rra. flo rogu Ha-
r{r,rH KapTHHaTa e 3ana3eHa a KOHCOJIr,r.U,UqaHA, caMo r{e
Ha HuBo, IIO-BI',ICOKO OT 3aBapeHoTo
(o6p. l-15, AOny). Ha4crpoxnaHero Ha 3HAOBere e HanpaBeHo c KaM'bHI4 orcr'6opeHuqKpenocreH
3r4A, crroeHlr Ha Bapo-ulrMeHToB pa3TBop c Ar.r6oxa {lyra, flpn Ha.u,3I4)KAaHero' Koero
craHa c
nr4IIeBa 3n;lapnfl or ABeTe crpaHq H n'b,lIHeX B cpeAaTa (6,nOxax.;, ce nonyqa 4l'n6oxa
yIIaMa,
128

B Koflro nocpeICTBoM rrJracr qyKaHa 6atactpa, Ao l0 cu .ae6e,n, 6rxa o@oprraeHg KoHKaBHo

ropHHTe noBt,pxHocrv Ha 3v[oBere, Btpxy resz rloB'bpxriocrr4, Ha Koaro e r,aAeH HaKJloH K.bM
ceeep cro6pasHo c repeHa ea 6'apeo orrr4 qaHe Ha Bo,4ara, e agflRri 6erouon rrJracr, l0--12 cu
.4e6e,{, orpaHI4qeH or ,rI4LIeBara Bulapufl, H cB'r,p3Ba[t eAHoBpeN{eHHo JIr,rIIeBare KaMbHH r,r n.b,rr-
He;.I\Hara 6a.nacrpa. llo,roxeHara IIo ro3n Ha,laH 6etoHoaa n,nonr6a c KoHKaBHo ceqeHr.re B cpaB-
HeHae c KOHBeKCHOTO l.Jilra npel4MyuecTBoTo, qe Serononara [JrocKocT e noqTH ABa rr.bTH rro-
Ma,III(a, Koel'o /IorlpuHaca qvBcrBHTe,rIHo 3a HaMa,TsBaHero Ha nyKHarlHr.tie. Ct,ctaetr na 6eroua
e 0, 18 xy6. r,t eApo3'bpHecr IIqcbK u 0,0tr K),6. u r{yF(arra 6atacrpa sa 50 xr qr.rMeHT, Koero ce
paBHrBa Ha 250 Kr ur4MeHT 3a
1 xy6. M H3,rrrr 6erou. ba,rac-
Tpara e qyKaHa or 6xn naponux
c pa3Meprz Ao 3 cvr B Ar4aMer-bp.
f Ierisoro npelHaBHaqeHfie B cny-
rrafl e npeAu BcHqKo Aa orcla6u
xapaKTepHrrfl cr.tB IIBTTT Ha TIBMeH-
ra. Ero 3arrlo HsKoJrKo rlaca creA
H3,'triBaHero ua n.tov6ata ropHHTe
noB'bpxHocTH ce TIoJIHBaT C BOAa
u uSMuBaT c MeTra, B pe3yJITaT
HA KOETO V3JIL4I]]HVflT OCTAHAJI HA
noBbpxHocTTa qaMeHT ce oTMr4Ba
u craBar BIAVMLI 6eaare pt6ecrn
KaMtqera. TogH Ha,rrH na o0op-
MrrBaHe H r,r3oJrHpaHe Ha ropHHTe
noB'bpxHocTrz e IIpHno)KeH H npH
O6p. I16. 3anaseHra yqacrbqr.r or crorU qHr4l xopocaH Ha 3aKpenBaHeTo Ha 3rr,(oBeTe oT
o6ruqoarara B rperara sana ABOPIIOBHfl KOMNJICKC, HO C PASIUq-
Hh BapvaHTu IIo oTHoIIIeHEe Ha Ma-
cKxpoBKaTa Ha u?rMeHToBHq uBsT.
flpr xoHcepBupaHero Ha KpenocrHara creHa Ha roer4 yqaclbr( H npr ocraHKr.rre or
rpaAexa Ha TpeTara saJra, pa3rroJroxeHa B rleHTpanHoro BbTpenHo npocTpaHcTBo, 6e ycTaHo-
BeHO, qe B AOJrHara qacr Ha 3r4AoBere .qo olpeAeneHa BHcoqnna yrorpe6eHHsr npr{ rpaAexa
xopocaH n3lil4ga H3B'bH (ryrare 6esQoprraeuo c pa3rr.rqHa H3nbKHaJIocr, qBJIeHUe, Koero e xapaK-
TepHo rrpvt 3vlkapufl. oT JroMeH KaMbK, rpaAeHa B rSKonHre 3a ocHoBH. HenocpegcrBeHo HaA
TO3H BVL C,'reABa iroqc or A'bpBeHa cxapa (canrpav), na4 xofiro or BbrpelxHara crpaHa Ha rro-
MerqeHr4ero ce na6.nrcAaBa rbKMo o6parHoro. Xopocanrr MeN(Ay Qyrnre He H3JIu3a I,I3BIH Tqx,
BMeCTO KOeTO IIO JIfiIIeBIITe CTpaHI,l Ha KaMbHHTe Ce BI{)I(.U,aT IIJIOCKLT yqacTblll.r OT xOpOCaH C
tnynnvBa crpyKrypa, Ho c rJra.4Ka noBbpxHocr, t43rlbKHana npeA nnueroHa KaMbHr.rre (o6p. 116).
Axo resu yqacrbrln 6axa cteguHeHrl, ulerrre Aa ce .[o6re npeAcraBa 3a HsKaK'bB BnA Ma3aJrKa.
Karo unraue npeA BI-IA o6aue, rre roBa ca orAeJrHI,r xopocaHoBrz IIJIocKocrH, 3ana3eHn c opnrl,t-
HaJrHrare crz @oprr,rrz u c uynJrecra, a He rrJrbrna crpyKTypa, KaKro e xapaKTepHo 3a Ma3uJrKHTe,
H, or Apyra crpaua, Karo rro3HaBaMe crequQnvnara KaprI,IHa, Kosro ce orKpHBa cneA AeMoH-
Tapauero Ha n.tlorlhre or eAHH o6.rulqoeaH 3r,r.q, Mo)Ke Aa AonycHeM, rre q ryK creHHTe ca 6nnu
o6.[uuoeaHIr.
Bropvtxr o6eKT, onpeAeJreH 3a KoHcepBauuq npe3 1957 r., 6e yuacrrK'br, BKJIror{BarrI
I'l3TOrlHaTa IIO,IIOBLIHa OT KpenOCTHaTa CTeHa H AO,IeneHI'lTe AO Heq nOMelUeHI'Itl.
Paapeuanauero Ha KoHcepBaur{oHHr,rre npo6.rreua B cnyqar{ ce oKaaa Aocra rpyAHo
I.'IABHO NOPAAT HEAOCTAT'bIIHO H3gCHCHU'I IIJIAH HA IPAACXI{TE, KOI,ITO B TASA I]ACT CA MHO|O
c,roxHo lpenlrereHn. Ero saqo H ryK npeAra npeA[pueMaHero Ha yr(pen[reJrHz Mepolpnqrurr
 129

ceHaJloxuxa[IaTeJIHIjnpoyqBaHl4'I,Bpe3yJITaTHaKoeToceycTaHoBl4xaH'IKOI4IIoApo6HocTH
(o6p. 1 17, cPasuu 4eara nnaHa).
My cTpaEat He e B KOHCTpyKTHBHa
1. 3ua A, oQOpnaflrl rIaBHI4q BXOA oT I',I3TOqHara
Bpa,3Ka cbc 3lrA E, a e AoneneH AO Helo.
or octaua.lus sa MtlcTo I'l3fJIaAeH xopocaH no qe-
ue Haft-nanpe,u. e 6n.n nerpa,u'eu sgA A,
,IoTo Ha slaa 6 (o6p' 1lB, rope) Moxe Aa ce 3aKJIIoqI4,
xoftro e osoprr,reH I'l oT ABere cu crpaHlz c
JrHUeBa gvl.apvfl, cJIeA Koero Ao Hefo e onpqH
sHA 6.l,lerpaxAaHero o6a're u Ha rBara 3nn'a ,,,,/1\ f1ff1 - I-
e eAHoBpeMeHHo. Aro ce Kacaeue Ao .u'Ba <,/ /\ \- L-J i-IU \
- IL-,.J L-
tpaAex(a, pa3,rlur{Hl4 rlo BpeMe' TO I{
qeJIOTO

Ha zu1 B u.eure Aa e c JIuueBa svlapI4tt

a He c 6.loxax, KaKTo e cefa'
2. VcraHoea ce, qe B'bHIrIsnsr Ae6e'l
3u4 B, otpax(Aaur roMelueHuqra orKT'M I'13-
TOK, e B KOHCTpyKTI4BHa Bpb3Ka ctc sl4 A'
KOCTO 3HAI{I4, I]E TC CA IPAAEHI'I CAHOBPCMCH-
HO, O[le I]oBeqe qe B OCItoBara cr4 ABara
Bl.r,a ca cBbp3aHI4 c o6q A'bpBeH noac (can-
rpau). 3arsopenoro raKa npocrpaHcrBo or
B3TOK l,I ceBep, olpaHllqeHo oT 3anaA c Ae-
6elus sIz4 B, oQopua [6pBoHar{a'1HL4tl rpa-
Aex Ha IIoMeII{eHIrt{ra B To3l4 yuacrtx' Te ca
vwailv BeposrHo rlo-Apyro B'bToeIl]Ho pa3- yqacrbKa, HBec-
rhas sa
;;.;.;il""" rByBar oc_ o6p. 117.

ra'arrure Ha o). IIo- ll'TJ; "iii.'l'#"TffiJff l;

flo-x BaHe Ha r43B.bprflegrr or Tspnoncxuc HapoAeH uyseri npes 1946' 1947

MeuleHlzqra BepoqrHo or no)Kap, 3a KaK'bBTo u 1948 r. Ilo,ry-n,'laH crer apxHreKrypHo-apxeonorfiqecKure

.re 6unu [ocTpoeHl OTHOBO Ha lrpo\/qBaH]',le 11 3acHeN{aHe or aBropa npes 1957 r'
I4Ma AaHHI4,
c'brltoro Mflcro, Ho c Il3BecrHIz upoueuu' B'nu-
B, UO neue MaJIKO IIO-TA'H'bK' E4HOnpe-
IIIHI,IflT 3trA A e Sunu3AurHaT Bbpxy I'bpBOHaIla,IIHI'lq 314,n
B, H ca
MeHHo c Hero e 6vn uarpaAeH A HoB BbrperleH HaArb)I(eH zny,E,AoJIeneH Ao Ae6e.[uq au.n
e I'I CreHaTa 3,
HailpaBeHu Ap),t[ pa31lpe.4eJlvreIHI4 creHu (}]{), MexAy KoHrO
IOleneHa AO
SraA A. Taxa e ['6pBOHaI]anHOTO BbTpeUlHO npOCTpaHCTBO
Ha noMelqeHulra Ca BM'bKHaTll HOIlt4
3r4Aoile, KOr-i'rO, nOAcrnaat?xu CTapl4Te OKO,TIOBpbCTHI'I CTeHI'l'
O$Opum HOBLa IIJIaH'
B no4xpela Ha rIpeI[OJIO)XeHveTo 3a BTOplzqHoTO npez3lpaxaHerleHa I43TOTJHI{Te
noNle-
LI3TOT{HOTO '{I4Ue Ha
o.eHufl MOtaT Aa ce nocoqar ;1OcTa AOKa3aTeJICrea' Haia-Hanpe4 Qa6t'T'
qe oT Ta3U CTpaHa e cTaHa"l loJltlM IIO)Kap'
sra,4 b e onyiueflo I.l KaM'r,K'bT O6ropen, IIoAcKa3Ba,
cBI4-
xoliro e o6xsaHan pa3[oJro)r(eHr4re ryK noneureHas. 3a rqxHOrO noBTOpHO [pel43rpa)+(AaHe
lo xofiro Ca I43rpaAeHZ 3I4AoBere E' )K ra 3'
.U,ereflcTByBar ynOrpe6eHl,lTe MaTe puailL] lI HaqvHT,T,
crpaHn e c JIHUeBa 3w4\apvr' a B
flpra pasuacrBaHero HanpxMep Ha 3l4A E, rOftrO or ABeTe cfi
Ce yCTaHOBH, rle TOI? He CaMO e lpaAeH C KaM'bHI{' B3eTIz
OT CrapZre O6rO-
cpeAaTa c 6,noraX,
peHI4 creHr.r, Ho BT,TpeIUHocrra My e Hac[TeHa I4 c HaqyneHl4 KepeM?lAHt
TyxJII'l' 6urop' KbcoBe
r{e 3I'IA E e uarpa4eH
or creHorl'c r Aocra oBbrr'rHo )Knro. Te3r,r MareplaaJlI4 cBu,AereJIcrByBar,
no-K.bcHo or n rorlro raKr4Ba Qparrr'renru He Ce HaMI4par. Heronara KOHCTpyKTI4BHa Bp'b3Ka
3HA E,
c.bc creHure x u 3 n naquu.r,T, no KofiTo re3r{ creHr,t cTbnBar
Bbpxy rlbpBoHaqaJlHl',rg B'bH[IeH
Hefo gu[ Lt ca c'bulo raKa 'u'oKa3areJICTBO
3H,U, B, 3a Aa ce cB.rrp)r(aT C HOBOr43rp a/:eF{vfl HaA
3a BTOpHrlHoTo !I3lpax{,u,aHe I{ npeycTpofBaHe Ha Te3l',l noMeuleHl'lq'
apxeoJroruqecKoro pa3Kpr4BaHe Ha ro3r{ yqacrbK 6e roucrarHpaHo or p'bKOBOAI4-
3. flpz
Te.[q Ha pa3KonKI']Te aKa'4' MI'lqreB' r{e HerlocpeAcrBeHo Ao snA E no uflJloro My rlporexeHue

17 Apxeo'lorHn, xs. I 2, 1959

 130

orK'bM ABOpa e .4o,[eleHa eAHa

nBuqa or 6,lorax A, orpaau_
qeHa or 3ana/l or xy6an 4exo_
parrrBeH 3rrA K (o6p" I17, ,4o.ty,
o6p. I 19, rope). C"re4 uanpaee-
HOl'O pa3r{acTBaHe rj flpoyr]BaHe
BbB BpTr3Ka c apxprTeKTypHOTO
:JacHeMa He r.j npeAcToqrqHre
KoHCepaarluoHHrz pa6oru cc
ycTaHoBLI, qe ce Kacae 3a Iq-
KaKBO npocTpaHCTBO, BeposTHo
KOpt4AOp r('bM crpaIHTe B ro3Ll
yqacTbK, 3aII.br'IHeHO Hez3BecT_
Ho Kora a 3arrro. .[oxasare.n_
CTBO 3a TOBa npeA[oJroxeHHe
e caMr4flT HaqIZH, nO KOfiTO e
otlopueu Kopr.r4opbr or BGH-
ItHaTa I,r B.bTperIIHaTa cTpaHa.
Ha l,l0 or snA E Bbpxy
rra
rloKlrJr, nucox 7,20 M, ],r3[btrHeH
c'rrc cpaBH[TenHo IIo-IIpaBvrJl,j,Il
KaM'bHvl,ca rz3fpaAeHa peAyBa_
un ce crt,r6ose K, l,2S M rnu-
poKr4, a Mex(Ay orBopH
c npvt6nusure,rrHo cbuara rlr.i-
pI4 Ha, KOT,ITO Ca 6HJrU 3a3ULaHr4,

Or BcIt qKr.r crpaHr{, BKJrIoqfi-

TeJTHO rr cTpaHr{Te KbM OTBO-
pure, crbn6oBere ca u3rpaAeHH
or o6pa6oreHrz KBaApH, pa3-
LeJreHr4 c noqcfi oT ABa peAa
TyxJIrz, a B:bTperxHocTTa HM e
c 6rorax or 4pe6Hvr
H3rrb.rrHeHa
KaMT,Hn, 3aJrerr4 c 6a,n xopo-
cau (o6p. 119). flpa 3asrl)KlaHe-
TO Ha oTBOpATe, MaKap r4 Aa e
uanolo6en c.buluqr Hauuu Ha
pa6ora, r(Barpare ca no-rpy-
6o o6pa6oreHz, Ha Mecra flo-
HUCKU, BMeCTO ABa peAa ce
O6p. 118. Zsr.qen orKBM rr'IaBHrzfl Bxoa, npetu nc,qeaHoHcepBa- flBflBaT Tpvr peAa TyxJI4, 14
rlr{rra Ha 3r4,[oBere A, E, E n 3, sacana B Koptrropa 11 n te_ To He B eAHa JIaHurI c TyXJII-,J_
Hoparl4BHara creua K re Ha cr.bJl6onere, OcsgH rosa
e 6.noxaxa, ynorpe6ex ryK,
aao6nncrnyBar rrapqera or KepeMu.(yt, Tyxilu, ocrarcrlr4 or cqynenu c:bAoBe u oco6eso MHoro
6arop. ClsceM cbllrltsr xapal(rep HMa 14 6,ryoxaxrr B Kopr.rAopa. Ha eacoqusa 3 u (carvro n
ropHara u [oiliara ca uacr) roft e celpsaH c xopocaH. a no cpeAara (oxo.rro 2 rul) npegcran-
.TrBa HecBbpaaH Hacan. E4uoepenaeuHo c KopaAopa 6axa npoyrreHa
ocHoBara [oA AeKoparr4B_
Hara creHa u avrn B. Ha paBHr-rlqe HenocpeAcrBeHo troA n.bpBrrrr peA Ha rloKbJra Ha
AeKopar]rBHr.rs
 i31

3r{A e noJro)KeH Ae6eJI n.IIaCT Or 6nO-

Ka)K, Hacr,rreH c xopocaH H cB:bp3aH
c eAHHHa 46pBeHa rlot{cHa cljcre-
Ma. Brpxy ra3rl o6rua ocHoBa ca
c't'br].rJrr4 eI.rA E, KopnAop'br !{ Ae-
KOpartzBHaTa creHa, KOLJTO, tlsqUrafr-
Krl Ce HaA o6ruara ocHoBa, IlMar
Bege cBora He3aBI{cI,IMI,i A'r,pBeHI4 notl-
cu (nx. o6p. 118 u 119 roPe).
Tesu Ha6.ltoAeuaq noxa3-
Bar, qe 3L'Ir. 6 aaeAHo c AeKoPa-
TUBHaTa creHa n otpoprrrenun Mex(Ay
TqX KOp[rAOp Ca OT eAHO 14 C:bXIO
BpeMe. fh'pnouavarHo orBopl-lre He

ca 6unq Ba3vralv, a aaetpunat?xH

oTrope BepoqTHo c apKI4, ca ocBeT-
rflBailu Kopl.rAopa, Or Har{vHa, no
xofiro ca z3rpaAeHI4 crbr'I6oBere,
CpaBHeH C'E,C 3a3I'lXAaHeTo Ha OT-
Bopr{Te, ra or 6JioKaxuzq Mareprza,I
B TflX r..r B KOpr,rAOpa MO)r(e IA Ce
3aKJIrOqfi, rle u3II'bJlBaHero Ha oTBo-
pETe 14 Ha r{opl.rAopa e cTaHaJro eAHo-
BpeMeHHO B eAr.rH rIO-K'r,CeFr nepZOA
flprz HqKaKBO npeycrpoflBaHe Ha Ta3r4
qacr or ,u,Bopeua.
4. Apyf o6exr sa npoyrrBa-
He a KoHcepBarIZq npes 1957 r. 6e
BparaTa rrprr rJraBHLrq BXoA r.r npeA-
ABepxero KbM Hero (o6p. I 17,l,otty).
trI ryx c n:bpBouaqa,,rHo r,r3B'bprxeHo-
TO Bb3CTaHOBflBaHe Ha 3I4AOBeTe n
noro)KeHlrre o6uz 6eroHoBrr rJroM-
6u Bbpxy rflx 6sxa o6esaz,lenll
HqKOr,r eJIeMeHTr.r oT OpHraHaJrHaTa
KoMflogr4rlr4fl. Taxa HarrprlMep u3-
cneABaHero rroKa3a, qe or ceBep-
Hara crpaHa BxoAHHar aecrz6rc.rt
e 6ut 3arBapqH qpe3 AByKpITJIa
BpaTa, MOHTITpaHa OT Bt'TpelxHaTa
My cTpaHa npeA cneuaa,'rHo ocTaBe-
HH or 3u\a usI.aT.btlu (zr6u), KolI-
To He ca 6anz nserr npeA Br4A npn
rlbpBoHar{arHaTa pecTaBparluoHHa pa- C6p. 119. Zsr,'rea Ha rracr or aeKopart4BHuq 3t4! cr,c clr,r6a K
6ora (o6p. I 17, rope). Or nauepenzre v galar.arufl Jlo Heto ornop M
npe4 ar6qrzre oparraHaJrHu noAJro)x-
HH KaMSHr4 C AynKH, tnaAKO [OJIr,rpaHI4, MO)Ke IA Ce 3aKJIIOqIj, rle KpI4JIaTa ca ce 3aB'bpTBa,llH
uocpeAcTBoM BepTHKaJrHt4 ocH, 3afHe3AeHH B AOJTHI'19 14 ropill4q aM xpafi. Ha paBHl4lue, ro-
HI,IcKo or nb4.roxHlTe KaM'bH[, nectz6ro,'Irt e [oKpnr c KaJI,4bp'bM, B'r'pxy Kofiro BepotlrHo
r32

o6p. 120. tr4grne!, npeau u c,/re.q KoHcepgaLlusra Ha r4sroqHara no,rroBhua

Ha Bxo.qa K.bM eJu{ncoBlt.aHug eecru6roJr
 -,j;l

e aMaJIO HrrKaKBa HaCTIrrJIKa, A HA CaMVfr BXOA e nO/IOII(eH npar 3a Onopa Ha BpaTaTa. Ble-
r.laTIeHlze [paBLI OCTaHa,rlaTa Ha MflCTO qaCT OT KOJIOHa, CT'bi1t4JIa Ha Upela ilpeA TJe,IIOTO Ha
r,r3ToqHrzg 3'b6eu. Axo rosa He e HtlKaKBa c'rvqaliHocr, I{ox(e Aa ce ,qon)/cHe, rle ce Kacae Ao
apxr.lTeKTypHo ooopM,'IeHl4e Ha BXoAa or BbtlIrIHaTa crpaHa (o6p. 120).
3a rapaHrLIpaHe cI4ryp-
HocTTa Ha BpaTaTa v Ha flraBHutr
tsxoA e c63Aa.[,eHo IIpe^.nBeplze,
ofpaAeHo or ceBep c Ae6e,r 3HA
,rl, xoftto, MaHaBaiaKa Iloqrli lloA
npaB 'brbJr B Io)I(Ha IIOCOKa, IIOA-
n14pa oT B])HIJIHaTa cTpaHa u3'
TOI{HI.Ig 3I,J.4 HA BXOAHI,I'I BCCTII.
6roa. Tr'fi xaro l\Bara 3hna He
ca B KOHCTpyKTI.iBHa Bp:b3Ka,
rvruoro BepoqrHo e, qe odtopr'ln'
BaHeTO Ha npe4ABepHero e cra-
HaJro cJreA v3rpa)I(AaHero Ha
rJraBHLrr{ nxo4. C rbpBoHaqa,'IHo
Ll3ilflTara 6eroHona II]arlKa, c6-
xBalrraua BcaqKu 3rr4oBe, 6e 3a'
v TaSu xapaKTepHa 0co-
,llrrleHa
6enocr rpu rpaAe)I(nre oKoJIo
BXO,U,a.

Cro6paano c'bc cr,cros-

Hfiero Ha BHAoBere H c ol,'leA o6p' 12i' CbcroqHr4e Ha 3r.JAoBere cJlea (oHcepBaqr.rcra B yrracrtKa npu
rrlaB'rl'rtt BXOI, npeAlBeplieTo u floMerleHr.{rrTa oT r.rsToqHaTa cTpaHa
Ha rgxHoro Haft-Abilf orpaltno
yKperrBaHe 14 SanasBaEe H3B'bp-
I]Iuxa ce 3a BCeKI,I OTAeneH C'lyUafi. EAUOnpenaeHUO C TOBa qpe3
14 qacTr{irHr4 B:b3CTaHOBfBaHr4fl
pa3nr{qHoTo no"qpaBHsBaHe Ha cTeHzTe B.}jB BLICOI{I4Ha Ce [Onyql4 Ha MflCTO qCHa I{eTIABOCT
Ha rrJraHa rr Ha cJIo)KHoro cbqeraHl4e Ha 3I{AoBere (o6p. 118 u 121).
Taxa Halpurvrep o@opurrBaHero Ha sul A no-sHcoKo or 3I4A l1 Lasa B'b3MoxHocr Aa ce
B['l.4ll, qe He Ca B KOHCTpyKTI4BHa BpT,3Ka.
E4uonperraeHHo c roBa 6axa oQopnreHr.r ropHure rloBbpxHocrI4 c HaKaon aa 6tpsoro or-
r!{qaHe Ha BoAara KbM onpeAeJreHoro Mrcro. Or sIaA E uanpzr,tep qpe3 orrottHa rpr6a BoAara
ilara Bbpxy ropHara rroBbpxHocr Ha 3vr\ E, orKbAero MuHaBaiIKA npe3 3rIr A, ce cnycxa
Ha 3rA ,II v orrana ce usrzua (o6p 121).
I4sntputnaHeTo Ha 3aulr4THara 3v\apvtr !i I{3oJlupaHero Ha lopHI{Te rloBT'pxHocrfi Ha BCHqKI.I
3HAoBe B ToBH yrracT.bK craHa no c'bu{Lrq HaqrzFI KaKTo npt4 3anaAHara KpenocrHa crena. I-Ipa
Bb3craHoBtrBaHero Ha cr:bJl6oBere Ha AeKopalLlRHr4A az4 ltatl-uanpe.q, 6qxa peKoMlo3apaHa IIo
MecTaTa cr.r Bcr,Ir{Kr{ naLll,ailv opvltuiH,arrlHt4 KBalpu, c"IeA KOeTO Ha MSCTOTO Ha ,lIIjIICBalIII4Te Ca
rrocraBeHr4 goBu 6roKoBe, or Koaro uaft-Ao.nHr.rsr Hoclz curuarypa 1957. Tyxneurare rtoqcn no
3ana1,Hrre nptqeBI4 crpaHa ca r.r3n'bJIHeHLr c'bo6pa3uo c'],c 3aIIa3[iiII.{Te ce Ha Mt{cro r{acrh orK'LM
Kopr4Aopa c ryxnh crap OopMar. VI e roBLI cnyqaii LI3rIrrJIHeHnero craHa Ha BapoBo'quMeHroBa
cngftKa c 4t.n6oxa Qyra ra 6erOHOea [I3OJIaIlplfl Ha lOpHI4re IIOB'bpXHOCrI'l.
Taxa rexoparuBHrzsr 3r4A c Ar,JrxnHa [,c qlrcrepHara, KoIZro 6e czJIHo nocrpaAan, tto-
nyqa rprreMrnao oQopna.rreHne (o6p" 122).
 t34

..4:

O6p. 122. I4srle4 npe4u r..t cJte! KoHcepBaqrrsra na su! H 14 AeKoparuBHat,a creHa npe/t Heto

V taxa c HanpaBeHI4Te AorI:L'JIHvreJIHn apxureKTypHo-apxeo,'roraqecKLr flpoyrrBaH14fi B

ilocoqeHr,lTe yqacTl,Ila ce I43flCHtr npeAr,r BctrqKo rrJ'raH.bT, a cbrrlo u pelullJ,a B.brrpocr4 oT cTpoH_
re,'leH, I{oHCTpyI{TI4BeH u XpoHo.llorl,lqeH XapaI{Tep. Tara 6e nocraBeHa Ha 3ApaBU oCHoBr.r a pe-
aTaBparlaoHHo-3arrlaTHaTa pa6ora Ha,4RoprloBr4q KoM[,'reKC B T.bpHOBO.
 JIEKUHH V KOH CY JITAU14 H

CPnAHOBEKOBTTA E|.|TOBA KEP,AMI4KA OT 6bJtfApt4q (Vilt-XI B.)

fi. qaHroel
IJVxAara or crrAoBe 3a 3aAoBoJrsBase BCer{HIHeBHfiTe Hyx(Ar,r Ha qoBeKa e eAHa or
npt4tluHfiTe 3a lxlapoKoTo pa3rlpocTpaHeH[re Ha KepaMaqHoTo npor,r3BOACTBO B',bB BCHr.lKr.r [,neMeHa
u HapoIV oT elloxaTa Ha Heo,laTa Ao Hauru AHa. Or BCr.ir{Kr4 tJIyHeHrz nz1eilAa Hati-ruapor nnac-
MeHr ca uMatrlq c'bAoBeTe 3a AoN{aIxHa norpe6a. V uac re ca ce npofl3BexAaJl]i MacoBo 14 rlpe3
BpeMe'I'o ua fltpnara 6t,arapcxa ,rl,:bpxaBa. 3a roea roBoprrr H neulare 3a rJrzHeHH c'bAoBe,
orKpl4rr4 n l-lpec.nan,l Bapna Ir ApyraAe, KaKTo H r(epaMr4qHara pa6orunnaqa n flnzcxa.2
!a cepa3tJleAa c'rapo6urapcKoro KepaMrdqHo npor.J3BoACTBo, B Koero ca orpa3eHr4
e rpyAHo B eAHa Kparr(a crarufl. Ero sauo aB rue ce cnpa cauo sa 6nro-
pa3rr.rrrHr4 Tpag.ur\uvt,
Bara r(epaMvKa KyxHeHcKr4re c'bAoBe or fltpeoro 6t,urapcxo qapcrBo (VIII-XI e.).3
-
Or ecl4,Jxz [poIr3BeAeHVA Ha rplbHqapcrBoro Ha rbpBo Mflcro rpn6ea Aa [ocraBI4M rbp-
Herara. Te ca uali-pasnpocrpaHeHare u nafi-ylorpe6snasrre AoMatuHra cbAoBe trpe3 cpeAHoBe-
KoBZero. OcHoeHoro HM npeAHa3Ha[leHr4e e 6vtno ga cnyxar 3a BapeHe Ha xpaHara Ha orbH.
3acera pasrariaBaMe rBa rvfla rr,pnera. E4urzre Huar Qopvara 14 yKpacara Ha c,'raBqHcKara
ypHa (o6p. 123r). Te ca uzpoKo orBopeHu u 6es.4p:bxKr4. I,lsroqeHz ca or tJrr4Ha, B Koflro e
flpnMeceHo roJIsMo KoJII{qecrBo careH rqc'bK LltrLl no-e4bp r{BapqoB rrflc'bK. Cperqar ce tbpuera
H or llo-ql{cra lJIHHa. Te ca qepBeHr4, opaH)KeBo-qeDBeHa, c po3oB It.nH KpeMaB IIBrrr c pagJru!fiu
orretl'bt-lu B 3aBI,rcI,IMocr or rJlaHara, Koqro ce HaMI4pa Ha AaAeHo Mqcro, Bcaqxra ca 4o6pe ona-
JIeHI'{, HO Ha fOIqMa qaCT OT TflX CTeHHTe Ca 3a\a3r.1Jtu OTB'bTpe crzBr,rrr r{BgT Ha HeAoneqeHaTa oule
rJI[Ha. lloqra BcrqKIz tbpHera or ro3z rnrr r,r]vrar caJrHo riolqepraHr.t paMeHe, KT,ca muftua,
uapol(o orBopeHo pagJlaro ycrl4e, Koero 3aB'bprrrBa crc sao6reHo Koco orps3aHo unu npopu-
JtyBaHo BeHI{e, a B AoJIHara qacT npaJlnqar Ha rrpecer{eH KoHyc. Hari-,teclo rbpHerara ca yKpa-
ceHU c Bpg3aHIj xopr,t3oHTanHn a Bb.rrHoo6paznvt ruHun urh racra or raKHBa ilvHL1t4, npaBeHr4 c rpe-
6eu. Bpasaur4Te ilflHLlv ca naft-ruuuqHl4qr 14 ual2 pa:npocrpaHeH opHaMeHT 3a cJraaflHcKara KepaMHKa.
t{pes cr,leraBaHero Ha re3v rvtHLu4 c peAoBe o'r rrM?rr{Ka, peneQnz JreHTr4 c Koclr Hape3l,r ungm,6ta-
'l'l4HKt4 ce e [OIyI]aBa,rIa MaJIKo no-6ot'ara ]t fio-pa3Hoo6pasua yKpaca. Cpeqar ce a r.bpHera C He-
yKpaceHu creHn, a c'bluo Lr raKr4Ba, Ha KoI4To c'r'eHr4Te ca noKpr4Tlt c fJra3ypa. K'lu X-XI B. HrrKot4
rbpHera IlMar rroxJrynaqu. Ktvr c'brrroro BpeMe ce cpeurar u t:bpHera c Ap.bx(KH (o6p. 123r).
Llecro cpeulaHl4 npes VIII-IX e. ca cr.rBo-rrepahre rbpHera (o6p. l23r). I1o
Soplra re ca
6,trt.rgKlt K'L14 r'bpHerara 6ea Jr.pT'x{KZ c ra3i.r p?3r'r4K2, qe npu rflx He ca raKa fcHo IIoArrepraHa
paMeHere. Tesz rtpuera nrtar sao6,ryeHo rsjlo, a HrrKOa rrortrr,r cSepauHo. TsxHara lratir<a e
K'bca. vcrl4ero no-npu6pano, ro-cretHaro. Cruecraenoro, Koero rr4 orJtnqaBa or c,rtaBrrHcKr4Te
f'bpHera, e rexHuKara Ha aspa6orKara u yKpacara. Te ca pleroqeHn or Ao6pe rpeqncreHa rrrzHa.
Cteuure fiM ca Ae6e.nrz h Koero e xapaxTepHo, 3arJraAeHI4 Lr rzBJrr'cKaHI,r orBa,H c 16110 ocrpue
I'|JIH Lna.Xtl.{o. E4Hu or r'Ix I4Mar cLIBo-qeDeH IIBrrr, Apyrr.r vepeeHo-raQxn. Cano-uepHrrrr rlBqr

1 14 s. A r<pn6oer- X err^qoila. ilorruoc Kr,Iti rrpo\rqBaHeto Ha iieptrrJjqlroro rpor3Bo.lcrBo s llpcclrae.

I'tA!1, XXil, 1959.
2 Cr. i\'luxail,ron. Pagronra e fl.rnrcr<a upe: 1945-1947 r' Pti, III, CoQan, 1949, 207, o6p.32 u 208.
3 B rasr crarnr ce o6napoqear :a npbB n"br c.qelHrrre cb!.oB\t: o5p. 1231,5,i; o61t. 1245,7; o6p. 1251,3.
136

O6p.123. fJHneHa ctaose

i, 2
- rrpxma or flpec;rar or X-XI e.; B
- rrpxe or HoBx nasap or VIII B. ;4--9 - croMHu or llpecraa o? X_XI r.
 i'l'

ce odycnaBfl or Hr4cKara crerreH Ha r,r3rlrzqaHero Ha c'bAa, npr.r Koero BcJle.qcrBhe Ha r43KycrBe-

HOTO HaTpyrIBaHe Ha B:bfflepon,a cTaBa Bb3cTaHoBflBaHe Ha MeTaJIa B fJIIlrHaTa.l t{epneuo-raonnunr
rIBsT Ce nO,'ryqaBa, KofaTo cT,A'bT ce neqe npr.r Br4coKa reMfieparypa. Tesu rbpHeTa ca yKpaceHr4
o6aKHoeeHo c eArjH rfi[poK noqc or Bps3aHu IrAHtrv oxoJro rbp6yxa. HaA nosca crenr4Te ca
yKpaceHa c /'I:bcKaBr-t orBecHrz JrL,rHt4v rzJlr4 c Mpex(a or pou6oBe, AOKaro Ao,rlnara qacr e !43rlrr.[o
r.r3,'r'bcKaHa. Cpeqar ce rbpHera a c Ll3rlrr,'ro z3,rrbcKaHa IoB'r,pxHocr. HqKOa aMar Ma.rrxr4 jIp'b)KKH,
pa3[oJrox(eHr.r B lopHaTa uM qacT.
llpuerara or ro3r.I rzrr 3aeAHo c KaHr-ire c eAHa -{pr,)Kr(a u rpaJu4crHo ycrrze (o6p. l2,lr)
r.r HrzcKriTe naHr4ua (o6p. 126r), xonro unaar a6co.llorHo c'L,luara rexHl4Ka ua nepa6orxa, ce cB'r,p-
3Bar c KepaMraKara or crenHr4Te o6.nacrn ua Cenepuoro flpzuepuoMopue ca,'rroBo-MaRr{Kr4rr
rnn repauaxa.2
-
V Hac rrat?-uHoro raKaBa KepaMrzKa e HaMepeHa B HeKpolo,'ra Ao Hoez rra3ap, xot?ro e
or VIII B.,3 H B Moulra XXXIII e flrucra or VIII-IX s.a TasI4 KepaMrKa c'blqecrByBa Ao KbcHo,
Ho Beqe ce cpeua no-px4ro.6 Hauepeurare y Hac c'bAoBe caJIToBo-Maqt{KH TI4II ce npanucBar Ha
npa6rarapure.6
Ocnen rripHerara cpeAHoBeKoBHnre rp'bHrrapx ca nspa6otnaJla H croMHH. ilo 6porl 're
ca Ha BTopo Mscro cneA rbpHerara. B ctolrnrlre c no-roJIeMH pa3Mepn ca ce c:bxpaHrrBaJlr4
ifer{Hocra, AoKaTo no-MaJrKr4Te BepoflTHo ca 6ulu ll3IIon3yBaHI4 Ha TpaIIe3aTa 3a pa3nHBaHe Ha
rerrHocrr.r. Crousure ca no-paanoo6paanra [o rlopua rz rexHIzKa Ha uspa6orrca, orrolKoro
rbpHeTara.
Hafi-rtaHoro6potiHz rz qecro cpeuanu B ce,lt4ulara or X-XI B. ca croMHHTe, Kouro uMar
crpoiiuo H3A'bJrx(eHo rtiJro v n,'rocKa Apb)I(Ka (o6p. t23n). Trxnoro A'bHo e rJrocKo, cpaBHurenHo
re6elo, a rbp,iroro r4M z 3aB'bpuBa c Syuaeer4lro ycrue.
'rflcHo
lluuara, or Korro ca HanpaBeHH, e rlpaMeceHa c'bc careH lflc'r,K. O6zxuclneuo re3r.1
CTOMHH Ca [OKpI4TLI C pa3HOIIBeTHa lna3ypa: TbMHO3eJIeHa, CBeTJIOXbnTO-3e.IIeHa I{ pa3,IlldclHl4 OT-
TeHbIIr,r na xa$naa, 3er'reHa u >r{'b,rrra, I4ma r1 Her'fla3r,rpaHH croMHr4, Vrpacara ua croMHure e
6eAna u e4uoo6paaHa. Bpxeaurire xopn3oHTaJrHr,r vt nrrHoo6pa3Hvr traHr4u h tacra ca eAHHCT'Be-
HI4Te OpHaMeHT[) KOATO Kpacrrr CTeHHTe r]M.
@opuara Ha r,r3AbJr)KeHr,rre croMHa c [,locKr4 Ap:b)KKa He e 6raa fiocrorHHa, Tq ce e
n3ueusra.? EAuz crovrnv r4Mar flo cMbKHarr,r rrJreulr,r, Apyrn no r.r3Ayr rrp6yx (o6p. 123u,u) u up.
TpyAno e o6aqe Aa ce npocneAl{ xpoHoJlornqHoro H3MeHeHue Ha Qoprraara, rrfi xaro Bcr4qKr.r
croMHr4 HaMr4paMe 3aeAHo.
t{ecrr B Harrrure cpeAHoBeKoBHn cenuilra or X-XI B, ca u aruQoporra4nure
HaxoAKt4
cToMHv, Kor4TO Ce pa3JrzqaBat or o6nxHoBeHHTe caMo rlo ToBa, qe HMaT ABe Ap'bxKn (o6p. 123.,).
OceeFr e Er.rrapun croMHr4 or ro3r.t rt4II cperuaMe MacoBo n IOxHa Pycun ua Kpunr-
-
cKr4trLr Tartrancxns nonyocrpoB, T. e. B re3r4 o6racra, KoI4To Ao K'bcHo 3anagBar crapara aHTr4qHzt
KyJrrypa. l{opu e4ua aru(loponra4ua croMHa or KpeMaBa I./II4Ha, HaMepeHa n flpec,ran, e iloKp14ra
orrope c qepBeHa anro6a eAHa Harrb.rrHo aHrr.rqHa rpa4rwltr, Kottro ts X-XI n. e Beqe npe-
)KHBCJII{UA.
-

1M. I,1. AprauoHoe. CpertHoBer(oBbre noce,'reHhq Ha Hrx{He}t,{ouy.,llenrnrpaa, i935,55.

2 C. P. Crauqee. Hosbrit rar{r{'rrrhx paHHeii 6o,rrrapcroflKy,'Ibryprr. CA, XXVII, 1957,124; C'i'. CL'rrrr-
q rr B rL C r. l,l n a rr o e. Hexpouor'l'bl !o Hoeu na:ap. Cotpur, 1958, 93.
3llar< rill, 124; Cr. MuxafinoB Aarrlpa HeKponora e IV-V e. Bx. ol cr,ur.Lrn. Eauu cTilp[1Hert
H(,En(ino.,r npu Hoar nasap. [4A14, XX, ]955, 325 cr.
I C. l-eoprReaa. PasKonxrl Ha Nrou.r,Tll XXXIII n XXXII e fl.ttlcxa. I,1A[4, XX, 1955,27.
. t4. .l a l{ r o B a. Tsproscrn iloMerJleHr.rfl Kpail roxgara KpenocrHa cleHit Ha Ilpecnae. 14At4, XXl, 1957, 259.
riC P. CLaHqen. LI.c.,124; H.fl.Mepnepr. KBonpocyogpeeHeflutux6o,l'apcrcux flJle&leHax.
lir:au,19ir7,3'1.
; A. J,'1. fl x o 6 c o u" Cpe4uoneroaue avrcpopar ceBepnoro I'lpflqepHoMopbt{. CA, XV, 1951, 337.

18 Apxeoaorra, xu. 1-2, 1959

 138

B 6nroHa.recrara @opr'ra Ha eAHa Apyra croMHa or X-Xl e. or flpec.ran (o6p. 123

8),
Kosro uMa .Ae6enu HeyxpaceHr.r creHa !r MaJrKa ApbxKa, Bu)KAaMe cru{o aHTzqHa
,puo^u^".
Muoro 6msxu L cB'bp3aHI{ rlo rexHLIKa r.r yKpaca c:bc cpeAHoBeKoBHr4Te
cnaBffHcKrr r:bp-
Hera ca MaJIKI4Te 6yra.lroo6paSHH croMHIl (o6p. l23n). Te
unaar B?rcoKo rlrirnr4HApr4rrHo ycrr.re, 3aBr.rr
HaB'bHpl6 na ycrllero, [JIocKa Apb)I(Ka H yKpaca Karo Ha cJraBrHCKrre r.bpHera, Taxuna croM'Hr]Kr,r
ca HaMepeHn n flpec.lae or X-XI e.l fl B c"rraBrrucKu rDo6one n t{exnq or IX-X s.2
3ac.ryxaea Aa ce cnpe' r,r Ha ABe croMHr.r c xpyuroo6pasHa
Qopnaa, MaKap r{e ca e,qr4-
HI'ltlHI'I eK3eMnrqpl'j. Te ce oT.u,enqr or ApyrI4Te He cax4o
c Qoplrara, Ho r4 c yl(pacara cr. L,.4-
uara (o6p' 124r) nva caa6o na6pa3AeHa rloB'bpxHocr; noKpr.rra e c.bc 3eJreHa
rJra3ypa, a rrJreu{HTe
I'I ca yKpaceHa or ABa Bpfl3aHvr MoruBa, noAo6ua Ha cxervlar?r
3upaln 6oryuu. Apy'r'ara (o6p. \24r)
e [oKpI4ra c rbHKa 3eJ]eHa rJJa3ypa B6pxy auro6a. Ile.tzar r.i rrp6yx e yKpaceH or
ABe reo-
MerpH3I'IpaHu Qnrypn, HeflcHa crnJrnzal\vtl Ha rpy6o npeAaAeH or(TonoA
ulru Ha HqKaK-bB pacrr4-
Te'lleH MorlIB' MoraaHre ca rpeAaAeHa qpe3 Bprr3aHrl JruHvtu H peAHrIH
or MaJrKr, n4.rn6aau
ToqHuH' Toea figl]laHelrae Ha yl{paca e H3BecrHo or eAHa croMHa or c. Maxa.[H,{, Cnr,reu-
fpaAcKo, Kosro ce orHacrr n V-VI e.
B lo-rua'lro Kor[qecrBo, orKoJlKoro .bpHera I{ croMHr4 cpeAHoBeKoBHr.ITe rp:bHqapr ca
Lr3rorBqrr.r rpane3HH cr,AoBe (raHu, saulvr r4 naHrartn)
u garoBa r4 Ilo_prrAr(o rrd HaMxpaMe.
oceeH cl,Bo-qepHare KaHI4, 3a KoHTo Beqe c[oMeHaxMe npr4 pa3rne)KAaHe
Ha caJIToBo-
Mafl\Kufl rnrr KepaMr.rxa (o6p. l24r), cnnpar BH?rMaHrze
ABe KaHrz. E4uara (o6p. l25n) e or eApo_
3'bpHecra f"rITHa B'bB Qopua ua uavr6aua. zurepecHoro
npn Herr e roBa, rre B .qoflHara rracr
(xrv 4taoro) creuzre r.r ce qyrrrr a rbKMo ryK ca opfl3aH' c Hox.
lpyrara (o6p. 12bu) LrMa
Qoplra, nalo4o6anaxla KparyHl(a. 3a crxa",reHae rlacr or ycrzero i rzncsa r{ He Mo)r(e
Kaxe KaK TOqHO e 3aBbplxBaJro To. .{a ce
flo-pasuoo6pa3Hu no Qopua ca qattlKr4re. EAnrz anlar
dtopua Ha MaJrKo t.bpHe (o6p. l26u),
Apyrr4 ua cQepauuo rfl.rro c tr,[ocKa Apb)r(Ka, [pr4KperreHa ua
nafi_as4yrara rrM qacr, a ortope
ca roKpr,rTH Cbc 3eJreHo_x:bnTeHrlKaBa r,req. CruecrByBarla
ca r,r HucKvl rxapoKri r{attlu c.bc cBr.tTr.l
noA 'brbr'r creHr4 (o6p. l26r), KaKro u .rautLt nre
Qopua Ha Hr4cbK rlrrJrr4HA'bp (o6p. 126) vtnu
opeceqeH Kouyc, roftro Jre)KV B:bpxy MalKara
cfl ocHoBa, Te ca yKpaceHu c Bpr3aHH B6nHo_
o6pasuz nAHLlH.

O6p. 124. huneHy cbnose

1, 2 -. crouxa or flpeclae or X-Xl B.; 3 xaEa or HoEE rasap or VIii
- B

1 i1. tlaHroBa. I{. c.,256.

2 R. Turec. Slavnikova Libice. praha,
1946, Xs, XIb.
 r39

O6p. i25. f.rrrtreHu cuose

4' 5
- rasu - t',,|,"#1i'"1, ittj;,';"i;fi1"&:f;ilti;ffiil:"h:l."tit a"1'0,'0.
or cosono,r

floAo6nn Ha rraulrre nre Qopua Ha npeceqeH KoHyc ca rr qecro cpeuraHare B cpeAHo-

BeKoBHure ceJII4uIa IIaHI4UII (o6p. 126r). TqxHoro AtHo e ua4e6e,reuo u ce H3AaBa HaB'bH, Karo
HanoAo6sea croJrqe. Creuzre Ha HsKor4 or rsx B roplara qacr ca uzr,y.t.vt (o6p. 126*).
Bcaqxz c'bAotse, KoHTo pa3rJreAaxMe, ca pa6orenu Ha rp'bHqapcKo KoJre,ro. Ha rolnna
rlacr or rsx AT.Hara ca rocI4IIaHI4 orAony c nqc'bK, Koero toBopu, qe re ca 6unn x3TorIBaHa
Ha ,IIeKo tp'bHr{apcKo Ko./Ie,ro. 3a lero rp'bHqapcKo Ko,rreJro roBopqr z pe,lecpuare 3Harlu, Kor,rro
r{ecTo HaMlIpaMe KaKTO n0 A'bHaTa Ha f'bpHeTaTa, TaKa a rlo A:bHaTa Ha ocTaHarr{Te Br,t,{oBe
c'bAoBe (o6p. 1 27 ,,r,r,8,,),ro-12,14,18,1e), 3Haqa cpexlaMe r,r ro nrexlure Ha Hr{Kou c,bAoBe, caMo rte
re ca Bptl3aHt4 UJ|LI u3ilucaHv c T'brl npeAMeT (xocr, np'blrfirla I{ TrcHa 4tcxa) npeAr4 H3rrHqaHeTo
Ha c'b,4a (o6p, 127 3,?,8,e,18,1b-1?).
Karo paaraexiAaMe 6nronara KepaMr{Ka, He MoxeM Aa He ce cnpeM z na auQopure,
KOI4 I'O rli\4aT cTolallcKo 3HaIJeH14e H qecTo ce cpenlaT B cpeAHoBeKoBHnTe Cenr4rrla,

Ilpe:r cpeall4Te BeKoBe anr$opure HMar pa3Jlrlr{Ho npeAHa3HaqeHue. Te ce H3loJrsyBar He

caMo Karo att6anax I4 Karo cKna4oBl,r cbAoBe, B Koaro ce cbxpaflrrBar reqHocryt F;vtHe,MacJIo
-
 140

r4nn HeoT, KaKro e B IO)KHa

Pycrr, Ho ce ynorpe6r-
-
Bar a B apxurer(rypara. Av-
Qopare ca 6unu a3rron3yBa-
HIl B tpaAe)I(a Ha cTeHZTe
Ha HflKOrr U'bpr{Br.{ 3a rro-
4o6pa aKycrvl<a, KaKTO H B
KyIIonnre za o6rex.{aeaHe
TexecTTa Ha cBoAa.
flo Qopua cpeAHo-
BeKoBHUTe aufropu ce orJra-
qABAT OT AHTI4IIHI4TC. CPCA-
HoBeKoBHr.rre avQopa uvar
no-K'bco rbpJlo, IIo-Kbcr-l
,rlp'bx(Kr4 rz eao6neno A'bHo.
Te Hqlaar Kpaqe Ha AT,Horo,
xaxro o6uxHoBeHo r4Mar aH-
THr{HrzTe avQopa. B calrara
noBbpxHocT cbulo TaKa uMa
pa3m4t a " O6sxuoneno aHTr.i q-
Hare anrQopa ca c rJraAKo
Ts,rro, AoKaTo cpe,4HoBer(oB-
HHre (or V 4o XIV a.) ca
noKpaTa c IIo-TecHu HJrH c
no-uzporr,r 6paelu.
Harl-pasnpocrpaHe-
HH r4 xapaxrepHu 3a IX-X n.
ca auQopzre cbc cKT,ce-
HO TrUrO, UXpOKa ropHa qacT
ra 3ao6JreHo4ruo (o6p. 125o,
126r). Te ca noKpnrr.r ro
O6p. 126. FanHenn cl,(oee rrJrerur4Te c rrrltpoKn 6pas4u,
1 axOopa or Cg[ulos or IX-X e.;2 - natuga or Hosu rra3ap or VIII B.; 3, 4-nsHnuu or a rro AbHoro c oue [o-Ir]H-
npecnaB or X-XI e. ; 5, 6, 7 qailn or npecnaB or X-XI e.
- poKu Lt 3ao6neHl4. B ycrlero
reau arraSopr4 noxa3Bar paa-
uvsv1fl. EAHU or rax
(o6p. l25n) nwtar no-BI,IcoKo ycrae r{ ,4p6xKI4, Kolrro ca vgBvrr4 JreKo .4'bro-
BITAHo I,r 3alloqBar MaJIKo rlo-Aony or ycrr,rero..[.pyrn (o6p. 126r) ca c'bc ctBceM HricKo rbpJro
n c .4e6e.lu MacHBHIt ApbxKLI, Koltro ce fi3Anrar HaI Heto. Taau Qopnaa e 6v.na rocroAcrBy-
Barrra npea IX-X B. B'bB Buzasrus.T
E4uonpeueHHo c re3a Ktcu 14 ua6nru arraQopz ca cbrqecrByBarrLl 14 t43A'bJr>KeHH arr,rQopr.r
c JIeKo xpyuroo6pa3Horqro, c rgcHo rbpno n c ,4Be rr./rocKH ApbxKri, KoHTo rroqrr.r nep[eHAr4-
KyJqpHo ce AoJrenBar Ao rbpnoro (o6p. 125). B reqeHue Ha X n. AonHara qacr Ha resn arra$opr.r
nocrerleHHo ce crecHflBa H B Kpafl ua X a. au@opnre Ao6usat HanbrrHo rcpyuroo6paena $opvra
(o6p. 125r). Kpyuroo6pasHvtre auQopa c 4e6e.nu Apb)r(Kr4, v3rvtlaril Br.rcoKo HaA ycrr.rero, ca
aafi-paenpocrpaHeHara Qoprraa npea XI n.
flpes X-XI s. ca cbulecrByBann 14 /'pyt ran arr,lQopz clbc 3aocrpeHo atuo (o6p. l25o),
--
Kouro ca fio-Kbcuo pa3Barae Ha paHHocpeAHoEeKoBHHre ocrpo.u,buHn auQopz or V-VI s. c
Ta3x pa3JIHKa, qe re ca eary6HJlu KpaqeTO, KoeTo HMaT paHHHre aruQopu, KaKTo r.{ npbcTeHa

1A. JL f ro6coE. U. o, 335.

 141

r{ Pa ui 7a
o<
ho
ottt
t

\/ $i,

O6p. 127,3naur no c1,AoBe or flpec.'lae ;

abHa 1,2,4, 5, 6,10__12, 14, 1g, 19; flo cre'r.r _ 3,7, g, g, 18, 1E_17
'o -
oKoJIo ycrl'IeTo'a ,4pbxKHTe HM ca cTaHaJIL no-IIJIocKI4 Iz no-rrrapo6a. flo4o6Ho Ha aHr6rtgr4Te
Apb)Kr(HTe Ha re3lr anaoopa ce AoJrenBar ,40 rcpnoro nepneHAnxyrqpHo.
Hqxon or auQopnre or IX-XI e. aMar rro n,rreur4re Knfi Apb)Kr(ara neqarr,l urrr.
rpa-
Qzrz (naapacKaHl 3HaIIH cne,q 143[I4qaHe ua c:r4a). fleqarare [peAcTaBnflBar 3aHarrquilcra naapxa,
,4oKaro n rpa@zrure BLlx'4aMe [o-cxopo BHaK Ha co6crseHocr, orKoJrKoro gaHaqrqzficKa
Mapr(a.
flpes c'le4naul're BeKoBe Qopr,rara Ha anQopnre nperbpflqBa oule rir3MeHeHr4fl, a
cJreA
XIV s. auQopvt norrrr ne ce cpeqar.l

1Cpn. fi.9aur.ona. Cpe4uonexonnr aufopr, or Erarapua. l4AI4, XXI], lgbg.

 KPHT14KA t4 PEUEHSt4tI
TPvLbl BOJII.O-IOHCKOI4 APXEOJIO|I4I-IECKOIZ EKCnEAHIIHH. T.
MATITPI4AJIbI L{ I4CCJIEAOBAhII4fl
APXEOJIO|$4L| CCCP, I{b 62,
MOCKBA-JIEH[,IFI|PAA, I958
C rasu KHura 3anoqBa flbr'ruara ny6,rtrauun ua pe-
3yn'larure or rprirolurxnara pa6ora na Boaro-,noqcKara
eKcneal4[rzq. Bropurr H Tperurr roM rue c6!T,px(ar or-
qerrl 3a pa3xorrKrrre ua leeo6pexHoro ttnt\4.1eucKorpa-
lulre (Caprea-Eeaa Bexa), qerB'nprltsr rou u1e 6rAe
nocBereH Ha HerponoJra Ha Cdpxe.n, a nerrist' ile cba'bp)+(a
oTAenHH Ir3C,leABaHI.Jr h HeBJre3J,rlt B npenHltTe ToMoBe iua-
TepuaJrr.r.
PasraexaaHltlr nbpBr., ToM 3anor.tBa c o6rlupra crarua
Ha Ha eKcne [uLruera M. tr4. ApralroHos
pr,KoBoAr4Te,rs
B6pxy rraBHr{q tr o6err Capr<e,r. Toil pasr,rex4a no-
cJreAoBarenHo u sail-o6ulo- cJreAHUre Bt,npoclt : 1) rqe ce
e HaMI.{paJIa xasapcKara Kpefiocr Capre,r, 2) r1,y,isH216
Kpenocr, 3) sara4ruHurc cboprxeHrzn, 4) crpoareanara
rexHr4Ka, 5) nace.neHaelo na Caprel, 6) npouereHNre Ha,u-
nucu, 7) flporr.,B Kofo e 6u,ra nocrpoeHa Kpenocrra, 8) us-
TorJHnq floxo,4 Ha Ceerocrae,9) ctxponurle or cr6nr4
Berllu H cpe6r,pHr.r MoHeTr-i, norr.{Hanu no BpeN{e ga o6ca-
Aara Ha rpaaa, 10) pycrt4r rpaa Eela Bexa, 11) cronan-
crBoro Ha Beaoeexurire, 12) rpalcxoro rpo6uue, l3) Be,ra
Bexa u KyMaHr{re.
Karo ce rzMa npea Br4A, qe nlJlHoro u ro,4po6Horo
o6rapolnane Ha pe3ynrarilTe ol pasKonxu're ilre ce 3a-
6anu, yno4uara crarns ua AprauonoB e MHoro noJre3ua
aopx B To3u cta Br.ra. Tn lonrapn !o r43BecrHa creneH c6-
abp)I{aHIteTo Ha HrlKoJrKo cTaTHLl 01 C'buII.Jt aBTOp, I,i3JIe3J'lu
AOCefa B pa3nnqHn nepuoar4qHr.l r43laHufl, Ho ce oT,THqaEa
KaHTo c no-roreMllq ca o6eM, TaKa u c ro-forqMara n6r-
HOTa Ha pa3rnexaaHnTe BT,npocll. llo csoero c'bA'r,pxaHr.re
rn npeAcraBfl Saxrucecrrz erua c6tra ucropuq Ha Cap-
re,r-Be,ra Bexa, lrsa.reueHa or apxeo,'roruqecKilq Mare-
pua,r. B roBa ce c:bcror4 B c'bruHocr n to,reMoro 3Haqeur4e
Ha ra3v o6sopna crarun,
Karo pasr,rex4a oraeJrHnre crpaHr.J B xr.tBora Ha Cap-
xea-6eaa Bexa, aBroprr He oMaJroBaxara pa6orrrre ua
cBor4Te cbTpy.[Hr4rlu no c'r,rufiTe B'bnpocu B creaBau]rlTe
roMoBe Ha Tpyau $!.3, a,.Hahporr.lB, HaBcqKbAe npenpaqa
KbNr rrx. Taxa e c ryxngHara fipenocrJ pa3rneaaHa rro-
.[po6Ho or fl. A. Panonopr, c x/nr.rulara, pa3r,reraHr-r or
B. [. Ee.rrenxrarl, c KepaMnKara, paspa6oreua or C. A. f].ner-
HeBa, c npo6neMrre Ha ca,lroacKara Kynrypa, pa3rne-
,aarl.r no-HararlKB cr,rurrs roM or Vl. A. Jlnnynxnr,u4p.
fo,nRua qacr or roMa e 3aera c pa6orure sa V|. |1. J4s-
nyuKrlH : ,,flaMerHrrur,r Ha caJ'rroBo-MasqKara Kynrypa B
6aceflna ua p, .{ou", ,ApxeororulecKare naMerHurra B
3oHara Ha I-lsr'r,lsscxoro BoaoxpaHnnuue',,KapHayxoB-
cKoro no.ereHue", ,,Moraanu.rr Hexponon npu KapHay-
xoBcroro nocereuHe",,,Cpe4uonexonHo noceneHl-re npu
cr. Cyroponcra", ,CnaBnHcKo noce,TeHr4e Ha repuTopnera
Ha xyr. B,ruxnar MerbHnrta. " Pa6orule Ha ,rlanyuxllx
AaBar urrpoKa KapruHa Ha apxeonoruqecrara o6ctaHoera
B nopeqilero npe4)ri\4Ho rra lJoaHun .IIoH, o6craHoara, sa-
o6uxau.sua rraBHr.re qeHT'hp rra uacte\Ba:f-vflTa npe3
i949-1951 r. Capxe,r.
-
I.
[O
[-h"pnara or us6poeunre ryr pa6orn c ocHoBHa rro
rasrr npo6renra. Oure npes 1941 r. W. tr4. llnty-:lxnn no-
cTaBfl Ha 3ApaBA OCHOBT.T H3CnenBaHeTO H tnaBHO T'bJlKy-
BaHeTO Ha T. Hap, B CTaTLt.RTa
CanTOBO-tilaqIIKI.{ IIaMeTHI.tqU
cu ,,Caanruo-pycKilre nocenenlrq or IX-XII n. ua ,{on I
n Tavan cnopea apxeoi'torrqecrnre oaMerHliqu ", Ml4A
CCCP, Ne 6, 194i. Hoeilre fi3crreAcaHufl tonr.lHuxa u o6o-
IaTUXa npe,(cTaBaTa 3a Taq KynTypa noTBbpluxa oc-
HOBHaTa '1 Ha Taff xynTypa
Te3a Ha aBTOpa: naMeTHUrIuTe
HflMar cJTaBgHCKH rpOr.r3XOI.
fl{e xerpllrv 6er}n notJteA BT,pxy cr,I'rrpxa}rilero Ha
rasa o6e\4ltcra c'rartg..
Caen o6ulupen yBoa, B KofiTo aBroptr ce cnupa Ha
r.{cropr.rflTa Ha r3c,reABaHr.rsra B Ta3k o6aacr, rofi Aaaa xa-
paKTepucrrlxa Ha naMerHllru4Te : noceneHr.rn (rpaallqa u
cenriura), HeKpono"'nr (xararolr6uu n ruuu), orreJrHu BeIIH
14 KoMrr,reKcu. VrpeneuHre cenuilta (rpaluruara) ca or .[Ba
Tl'tna : C'bC CTeHL OT KaMbK HJIH OT Kl,lpnllq Hr'lH C'l,C 3eNf-
reHr4 yr{penJreuzn. 6porr Ha trbpBrlr run npeo6ra4ana.
Xapaxrepuoro noceJreHrie 3a caJIToBo-MaqrIKara KyJrrypa c
HeyKpeneHoro cennilIe c-bc 3HaqareJrul,r paauepn, o6xea-
rqaullr nnoilI or no HsKorrKo AeceTKra 14 Aoptr cToTr.ruu AeKapr4,
OcHoseH BIIA xI4JrHlue B noceJleHl-Jgra e IlonyseMngHKara
npaBobra,nHa unrl Kp6tnoBara rro rrJraH. flparorrr.nHrare -
npunurlaT TB'bp,4e MHoro Ha c:bBpeMeHHI4Te r.JM CnaBeHCKr.r
xllnltua. Anropt,r cMflTa, qe ornrlqurenHl.lsr 6e,rer uex4y
eaHuTe 14 ,4pyflrTe e cBolecTaTa nelll B cnaBqHcKr.rl'e H
orKpr,troro orHr4ute B caJrroBcKnre 3eMrrHKlt, KprrnHre
nonyseMnflHKfi ca HoBo rB,'reHue B r43cJrelBaHeTo Ha can-
roBcKara r(yJrrypa. Moxe Aa ce npeanoJrara, se ro3r4 rr4n
xr4nilrqe e cB'r,p3aHo c roprara. Hoso gnaeHne ca r cro-
naHcxlrre ctparh, orKplzrli n KapuayxoecKoro rrocereHue.
Haseilrur.r KaMeHHr.r crpaAil ca cr,l[o r4sBecrHu. Orxpurr ca
1.I KepaMr.rqHr.r neu_U4 c orHHrIe 14 oTAe,THa KaMepa 3a rrpo-
ayt(IIH9Ta.
Aa.qen e Kparbt< npernea Ha HeKpono,rare Ha carroBo-
MacqKara Kynrypa u noqpo6Ha xapaKrepr4crr4Ka na 6uro-
Bara KepaMUKa npenlrMno or noce,'rerunra. Be,lexxurc Ha
aBTopa no ro3n Hafl-MacoB Marep[a,'r ca oco6eno eaxrir4
3a Hac, Karo ce rrMa rrpea Bua pa3npocTpaHeHr.teTo Ha
caullrTe rr.{rroBe KepaMuxa r Bllrapua. Tor) Ka3Ba
(crp. 108): ,Ilo o6uruq cu o6.nux ca.(oBere c Qopva Ha
rrpue' nanouHer apeBHopycKr.tre r6pHera or X-XIII s.
or r. Hap. KypraHeH run. Ho roBa cxo,qcrBo e caMo npt,l-
Br.r.qHo. I43cneaBaHero noKa3Ba, r-re
B no,qpo6uocru (npo0n,r
Ha Beuqero, pasnoJro)KeHne Ha opHaMeHra n ap.) cr,.qosere
ce oTr'rr-rqaBaT 3HarrnTenHo noMelr(Ay cr,r, a nafi-rlaenoro
CanTOBO-MagUKIlTe CT'AOBe OT To3Ll TI{n [peIuIeCTByBaT
xpoHoJroruqHo .[peBHopycKure. "
Anrop:rr pa3npeaenff KepaMr{Kara Ha rpn roJreMr.r
rpynfi : KyxHeHcKI.r, cr(JraaoBr.r u rpane3Hr.t cl,aoBe. Hanpa-
BeH e otlar Aa ce o6qcncr Qopuure u oco6euo npeAHa-
3r{aqeHr.,ero uv. I4snacsr ce uHrepecHr.r Ha6JrcAeEUs HaA
pa3npocrpaHeElrero Ha or,uennure rpynu. Muoro eaxeu
 t44
c noBnHrHaTueT oT aBTopa Bbrrpoc 3a TexHuKaTa Ha u3-
foTBfrHeTO Ha CUBO-r{epHI.rTe Cl,aoBe, flpil MHOrO OT KOHTO
BbrrpeKr'r clBtprxeHr.lTe Qopuu ll o6pa6orxa ,TuncBaT cJre,4r.t
or pa6ora na rp'bHqapcKr.J rp:sr. Anrop.sr us6qrea jla
raJe oTfoBop Ha Tofl B'bnpoc.
Cneuua,tuo BHI{MaHne e orAe,leHo Ha op6aHqra }la
lp]'!a H Ha op:bxneTo, HaMilpaHo B pa3,lr4qHu KoMruteKcu.
Opr,aHrra ca npeAltl,ruo 3eMe.qercKt a pu6o,ronHu, Ho avra
u op'EAuq u
npyrr4 c"TeAu or o6pa6orr<a Ha [4eran, a.bpBo,
rocr. Past,te.qaHI.t ca HaKparKo MoHerHHTe Haxo.tlKr..l, xouro
nocraBrt' HaxoAurrlara ga cartoBcKara KyJrrvpa n rag o6-
.racr Mexay VIII il X s.
Clerl xaro e pa3fneaaJr fiaMelHuur-ire Ha 6tira, aBTo-
p'br ce cnupa Ha HsKor.{ o6rqn n-unpocu Ha croflaHcKr.ls,
06urecrBeHr.tfl ri Kyr'rrlrpHxl xrlBor Ha nace.leuuero. TSrr
r{e ce cnpeM caMo Ha orne,'rHu Qaxru, xouro uMa1, nptrKa
BpI3Ka c Haulara crpaHa. Znrepecno e rB.bpneHr{eto Ha
aBTOpa, qe tp'r,HqapcTBoro ce c'bcpeAoroqaBaJro can{o B
onpe.lreneHr.:r y.qo6Hrz 3a ilporz3BolcrBoTo ueHTpoBe. flprJ
iolja cbxlecTB)rBaT ,(aHHH, KOUTO nO3BOICBaT na Ce TBbpAh,
Lie c r.tMa,'lo rrrcua cnettfiaJrv3awt B To3]l aauarr. flpz-
l'repr'r c npou3BoAcrBoro Ha xpyrxoBlllurre av$opn no-
KA3BA TOBA.
jloceraurrre aaHHr4 roBoplr oupeaeneHo ca\,ro 3a r,jie-
.icsoo6pa6ornaHe, a He sa xelesoro5rjB B paiioHa Ha ca.,t-
ToBcKa?a r{yrrypa. .Il,aHuzre sa o6pa6orr<ara Ha [BerHr]
r\'lcTa,rlr ca He.4ocTaT'rtrrlHH cnopea atsTopa. c npaso ror.i
cN4rTa, qe e Henpr4 e[,rJ]UBo TB bp4eHueTo Ha HflKOH rro_
cTapu x3c,qelBa'lu, cnope.q Kot.lTo Bct.lqKo y3tiIIIHo fiABa,1o
ore'sH (or L4srota utu BHsaurHr), a BcrluKrr o6rtrcHoeertu
tpe,1ucrn ce rrputorBrru Ha Mqclo. lasu t\rhc-b,t hl!{a 3Ha-
ueHlle h flpr4 pa3tnex.qaHeTo ri r.bJrKvBaHelo Ha MHofo
HaxonKfi oT Harr]xTe paHHocpe/lHoBeKOBHh UeHrpOBe, Ce-
.rHlua n HeKponoJl-t.
Oco6eno sa o6pa6orxa Ha KaNr.rrK,
r1'r) Karo re oco6enoctu Ha crpor.tren_
Horo ae.lo lit,rrapur npes flr,peoro
6r,,rrapcxo u
flpellunaaarixn K'bnr nocne.4Hara u Itari-t HTepecHa qacr
fla cBoero r4screIBaHe, ItI, A. .ilanyuxr{H ce cnupa Ha
B'bilpoca 3a xapatTepa na o6ulecrseHrlre orHo[reHas Ha
cailToBcKoro ri&crTHne. Tortr upueua xaro pa6orua xuno-
re3a l'rr.lc6nra ua M. Vl. AprauoHor, ,le B VIII--IX B.
ToBa HacereHile ce HaMllpa B npouec Ha Qeorta,'il.isilpaHe,
HO OTXBlp.rIff TB'bpIcHIzeTO 3a HefOBaTa HCMa/lCKa Xa3apo-
o'b.lrapcHa ocHoBa. Tasu ceor{ Te3a rofl pa3Br]Ba u Io-
nT,,tHc B cnelBaut{Te cTpaHr.rqu, flocBeTeHu Ha eTHI.IqecKuf
oo.luK Ha Ca"lTOBqHTe,
Karo nsxox.(a or garl-nooare na r. Hap,
't3ciiertBaHuq
ca,rroBo-MaffrlKa Kvnrypa! aBTopr,r npaaa o6cror)Ha Kpu-
].uKa Ha Bceo6qo pa3rrpocrpafleHoro cxtsailIaHe, cnope.(
Koero ran Ky,'rrypa e ear.rnHa or Kaexas ao JrecocrenHara
o-6,racl ua cpenHoro H ropHoro nopeqrie ua .{on a !,oneu,
I lonKpennilKr craHoBr..trqero cu c paauoo6pa3Hh AoBoAn r.t
llpe4lz BcfiqKo c apxeororuqecKu H aHTponoaortuuu, roil
cMqTa, 're pa3Br.tTrieTo Ha Tafl Kynrypa, KoffTo ce KopeHfi
l- Kt_cHocapMarcria cpeAa, npeKbcBa B nepr.roaa Ha
V VII B. B creflHara o6nacr, a nponr,.rxasa HenpeK'bc-
Haloro cr.l pasBzrue B CeBepeH Kaeras. Toaa nper.ucnaue
ce A'bnxn Ha HaxJrytsaHeTo Ha HoMaacKHTe Hapoal.{, t.t!-
Balll}l oT B:bTperxHa Astn, u flpear.t BcHriKo Ha npoA.bJr-
)Khrer'rHoro npe6znanaHe B Tor pafioH Ha xyHo-6bnrap-
cKUTe nrTeMeHa. EAea creA u3Tet,'rsuero Ha aBapare 14
oco6eflo na 6r,,rrapure caJrroBo-MasuKr.{ flocexeHr.rr{ ce
IrorBsBar raM Ka,M Vlll a., 3a .qa fi3r{esHar oroHqarenHo
H-bi\r Kpar na X e. Harl-cepuo:urjcr apxeororr.rqecfin ao-
BoI, Kofiro tloAKpenq ra3r.t Ml.tc'b,r Ha 14, i4. ,r'llnyutxrau, e
HoBoycraHoBeHrznr or aBTopa Qarr, ue Ha ofpoMHara re-
pr.lTopr.s,_ KOflTO 3aet\{a, canToBo-MaguKaTa KynTypa He e
eAHHHa. B uerponoau,re ce pa3rHqaBaT ABa Trjna norpe-
6esun-xararolr6u raro s safiersucxug. B rararoM6Hrare
norpe6eHHs npeo6naAaBa .qbJItorJ'laBr.{sT aHTpononoruqeH
TfiNJ A B CMHI4TE _ KbCO|NABUqT I{ .4OPH MOHTOJIOI'IAHIIffT.
C rararou6gzre HeKponoJru ce cBbp3Bar floceneHlrfl c
npaBo'Lr6nHr..l no InaH no,ry3eMIqHxrj, a c qMHuTe _ no_
cereHr.tq c Kp:btnt-l rroJry3eMJrsHKr4, rrBHO r.t3xoxIa[I4 Or
Ha,q3eMHl-rre HoMaacxlr rcpru. BcHuxo roBa .4aBa ocHoBaHHe
Ha aBTOpa ila CMtra, 'le CTeHHUTe naMeTHI.{qU OT 3nI4B-
Kl]HcKuq Turr ca ocTaBeH[ or TropKoe3HqHzre npa6r,lrap_
cKr-r rrJreMeHa, Kol4To B nepuoAa ua V-VII B. npeMuuaBar
H6r\,r oTceaHan xiuBoT 11 Cl,rrIeBpeMeHHO B.b3npfieMaT MaTe-
ptla,lHaTa Ky,Trypa Ha rJecTHoTo capMaTo_anaHcKo Hacene_
nue. Asroprr ce rlo3oeaBa u Ha HsKoll uaxonrr.r n fly-
uancra E:s.lrapuq. B n,Tucra ca HaNrepeur4 Ka3anli c B'b-
TpeuHu yrlIu rleH 6e.ler sa HeLI3xr.{BeHu HoN.tarcKa
Tl.lnr4
r{eprr.{ B 6uta-sa HaceJ'leHuero Ha 6bnrapcxara cronuqa, a
Ha6rvso e orKpr4r HeKponon'br ao HoBt na3ap c qeprr.rre
Ha 3,rll4BKHHCKara tpyna [aMcTHr4rIr4.
Tegara Ha aBTopa e ocHoBaHa Ha BHuivrareJtHa npe-
oucHKa Ha Bcu'.tKr.l ].l3BecTHIt IlOCefa MaTepxaJIH, 3acflfaulH
ca,TToBo-rvar[Kara KyJlrvpa. Tn e y6egureJrHo 14 ,'romrtHo
u3fpaAeHa r{ }irlra foJrfll\{a BepotTfrocT aa ce HaIoxI.{ B no_
HararbuiHl.ire r43c"rlelBafltJl no ro3I4 B:bnpoc. Zr{a o6a,le
urxou Sarru, Korlto Bce oule He Morar aa ce o6scHflT.
Te ca sre Bpb3Ka c Harrure nat\,rerHlruh B CeBepor.r3ToqHa
Er,rrapzn fi no 1o3l,r noBoa ryr( rue H3JIoxl.tIl caMo nqrolr
c'bo6palKeHur.
Hr,r yutr{ B
n ea Xl e.) r.t
x Ha npa6'u,tr
n oBa H[K:b.tIe
Kpu'Ia nocera octaHKLl OT KpT,fnlr 3eMIqHKIZ,
KOI.jTO .[a Ce
lBlpxar c HoBonasapcKo-3"Tr.tBK14HcKr.ll rnn norpe6enae.
O6parr:o, )KuJrurrlara, Koiiro ce cBbp3Bar c HoBorra3apcKun
HeKporror'r, ca (e fl,rHcxa) lpaeolr.r.luu. IlavernlrUnre Ha
ca,'IToBo-NlaflqKara a) ry.rrypa no-
I(a3Bar 3Haqrire,'rHo or nyHaB KaKTo
no oTHolIeHIle H lt c KaNrbK, c'bc
3eN4JIef{U Ba,'rOBe, c a-bpBeHr.1 fla]|j1,ca!,n, H
ir no orHouleur{e Ha Hexpo[onr4Te (B rrMH
B ypHil r{ rpo6nn xar,repu unu HanpaBo B
u:raprue). Bcrqxo ToBa floKa3Ba, rte e
B3eMe Onpe4eJleHo cTaHoBLtUIe nO TOTIHHTe n6Tlill1a Ha
@opvupaaero ua npa6t.trapcKara xynrypa, r.ril xaro pas-
KonKHTe Mofar .ta Hlr .4aAar MHofo HoBIz $aKTr.t.
Baxno e erHo, qe ur,leHHo B T. Hap, ca,qroBo-t/afirlKa
Ky,rrTypa h _oco6eHo e Hefiuure uerrrpone no qepHoMop-
cKoTo Kpafl6pexlre r.J B Kpnl,r wrorar Aa ce o6qcriar Hert-
Hrrre no-paHHn Qopr,ll. 3ac,ryrara Ha 14. H. JhnymxHn n
TOBa OTHOIIeHHe Ce cBcToa B tcHo nocTaBeHI{Te Blnpocl.t
n e y6eante"rur.ire tlty r.t3Boal.t. Herosoro hsc,'reasane 6e-
.rrexu Bat(eH eTan B npoyqBaHeTo Ha Taq KyJtTypa, B
KOSTO HUe C BClrqKfi ocHoBaHr4tr Molt{eM aa T'r,pchM l.r3Torl-
Hr.rqure Ha paHHara 6'r"rrapcxa Kynrypa ua rcr or flynan,
Crarrsra na C. A. fl,lerneea ,,hiuenerure, Txrpr{r.ire
H KyMaHbre B roxnopycKrzre crelri', flpeAcraBnqBa caKpa-
TeHo n3roxeHue Ha HefiHara KaHil'l.4arcKa rltrcepratlltg.
Tona e o6o6uanaqa pa6ora, B Korro ce cyMzpar Bcnuxx
cBe.qeHr.rfl 3a K'bcHlre xor{eBHuqu naexav IX r XIII u.
Hafi-rolsrr,roro AocTofiHcTBo Ha pa6orara "a, ua u Hefl no
y6eAUTereH Ha'Jr.rH ca r,lacrzSuqr.rpann u lJ3rroJrgyBaH[
KaTO HaAeXneH T.I3TOqHLIK BCLIT|KI.I apXeOJIOIUqeCKIj naMeT_
HHIIIZ OT Tafl eIOXA, flpllHaanexalllt_i Ha HoMa.qcKI{Te Ha-
poAu or Kr,cHoro lpeceJ]eur4e B creflr4t.e ua Hepuouopnero
u losorxyero.
- B nrpnun ,(gn or pa6orara ce AaBa rrooraeJrHo
cor.lTo, Ho rr:bnHo r1 npefnelHo xapaKTepucTr.tKa Ha 332
r.r
KoMnnexca oT Motltr'rHa eAenrT
Ha ner fpynrl. fpynr 6uure
qeprr.r Ha norpe6a.rruur onoro-
tLtqHI{Te 6e,resu ga no r,r3Jlo-
)+(euliero AoupuHacgT Tlrrororlr'{Hnre Ta6na\u Ha rpo6Huq
HHBeHTap, Kaprlt, cxeMr4 Ha rlorpe6eHzs H orAenHE xa-
paKrepHH npe.qMeril H Bb
rtorpe6anHu KoMtrneKcH ca
IX ro XII 8,, rperara
(n.rrz oryso-)-neqeHexKr.rl-
rara Ha KyMaHnre or XI
-
 't=

o HaceJleHhe oT rs xte cryxu 3a ocHoBa npll tHTepnperaLtllia

Ha cTapr,rTe _O,qeefi.qHo
cr{ Ha MHoto $axrt, ycraHoBeHr.r no Dbt.s Ha pu'snon*ure
Ha
TOs Xa3apcKl4 r.r pycKr{ yKperreH nocr n ,lo,rHoro rerreHr.ie
CeeepoHsrovHa Ha p. AoH.
I,ITO I-JMAT flCHIj
.^_I^rrg^ q"Ioror.Hren Ha pa3y3HaBare.rHUrr
orpeA Ha
ItoJrto-AoHcrara Jlstvnrulr orqura B
eKcnerl.tqttq VI. tr4.
crarvflTa ,Apxeo,rorauecnrre ,rauerurtit B 3oHara Ha

Bropulr arn 3acqra cronaHcrBoro Ha roqegnnur.rre. 3a

HefoBaTa xapaKTepHcTl,rKa ce nprrBex(IaT AarrHn oT pa3nr.]_
qerr xapaKTep, npe.ttxMno or ucropuqecxn H3Bopr.t. B rostl

, Pesylrarnre or re3u l,r3c, aHr.r B

o-6o6ulaeauara uy pa6ora nr
Ha nocrorrHHn 3uMoBlrUa 6eausqr. Boilsara z rpa6extr Typa, KorTo Hr.{e pa3tneAaxne
KJ,,r_
no npaBr.rno ca 6utn eAHH or rraBHure asro,JHraqir Ha 6o_ paJllr roBa He rl]e ce cnr.rpaM
h 3a_
ra,TcTBa rpe.4nMHo 3a BbpXyUKaTa sa ToBa polo[,leMeHHo exr.rM
o6ruecrso.
Hesagncul4o or HoMa]lcKr4r xapaKTep Ha cronaHcrBoro
clt ca HMaJTH }t [ocToliHHIZ rpa,qt4ua_3l,tMo_
KoqeBHHuI{Te
Buua, qafi-qecro B pa3BanuHr.tre Ha sasraaiHr,, rpa.qoBe.
Toga o6c:rosreJrcrBo e oco6eno Bar(rro B cBerrTugara Ha
HsKot Haxo.rIKH H ocrarru n 6t,rrapcxnre yKpe[eHH rpa-
.uoee n oco6eHo B cror'rr.rrrnr.e (ll.nulxa u llpeilae) n te-
Bepor.i3ToqHa B'slrapun, rAero KoueBHaqrr6 ca xa3flitlti_
qenH B UpO.q'bJIlKeHIle IOrlTIl Ha eAI,rH
BeK U noJ,roBLIHa
rapus no,l snsaHruficra
rlTe Ha cTenI.{Te ca abp_
Be npeluMHo no xpaft_
vope. Tr,pronnrra He
roqHHK Ha ,.oxoar.r 3a xaHo'ere , .:t?or1'rX1Jt"";il?#t;

3aHero Ha cne.qBaurr4Te ToMoBe. Zvesso roBa HH ,rlaBa

ocHoBaHHe .qa pagrne,{aMe rara noapo6no rtbpBus rotrr.
Tofi voxe .(a ce cxBalla xaro ocHosa ua c.lelnauure
ny6tuxauwu.
Cr. CraH'{eB
e nocBereH Ha H3KycrBoro Ha KoqeBHurlure, Tyx ca ct_
opaHk, xnacHQl{UnpaHr{ 14 o6qcHeHr4 rorflMo KorlrqecTBo *

aaBa Ha 12 crpa-
KaTa rdcTopnrr Ha rpaAr.rqe e [poyqBaHo B rlnrara My nnotu. Ha nropo
erurra t-tlr c py- uscto .qo6urucr Marepuan e paarae4an KoM[JleKcHo BbB
Kaxe, BbHIIHaTa
cTpaHa Ha xuBoTa Ha CTenHLITe KOr{eBHUqecKI4 C.Lrc3I{ I{ ocHoBa
Moxe .Ua 6t,ue c'ulo TaKa none3eH Ao rr3BecTHa creneH AHOBCHI{
IIAIUeTO,

onH-
Ha
caHHero ''ano'o-
BToPara
cyMlrp
Bfina
Honorpo Ten Ha paHHo_
cJlaBsHcKaTa Typa B
19 Apreonorse, xH. l-2, 1959 "BOTO
146

A'bnro BpeMe B HayKaTa HeBgpHaTa

)r{rrJraula yTB'bpII4 3a
npeacraBa, qe x{Hnl.tuaTa oT npoy'lBaHl4Te
rpaauura ca cB6p3aHIt floM ra sa W. W. Jls-
nyuKHH
- cnara Kpafi Ha ro
C,reaeaqara IV r,raea Aarl.lpoBKara Ha
pa3KonaHh raKa, qe Aa no3BonflBar [oHe oTHocltre.qHa nT'r- rpaAnnlero. B:ug ocuosa Ha aralr43a Ha HaxoaKI4Te' Ha
Hora lr o6ocnoBaHocr Ha ltsBo,(ure (fo,lnrrroro Bopueecro TLIna Ha r{Hn]llleTo v Ha aHanoll4uTe c IaTIlpaHIt naMer-
rpa.lhure, eeqroro). 3arooa Pe- Hr.rqu aBTOpGT CMqTa, qe nocereHlteTo e cbllecTByBano
3]"rlTartrTe, oro lpaaltue, ca I13- npu6ansrzre,rno eauH BeK Kpaq Ha VIII tz-saqaloro
BlHperHo cRoqta o6ocHosaFrocr ni IX o. AoK'bM Kpatt Ha-_or
IX u naqaloro Ha X B', qe e
U 3Har{r.rMocr uso6tqo 33 paHHOCr?BeHCKara Kynrypa He rroftHano npe3 nqToTo or noxap, apltqfiHelr oT rleqeHe-
canro e ilo.luenpoaxero, a il B Ilenuq craBrHcKl-I cBcr' rrre. hcropnuecxnre aoBorl'l, KoHTo ce npl4Bexrar' npa-
3a pasaura b'l' paarouru Ha apyrl4 noceneHns e Hoeo- Bqr re3ara Ha aBTopa y6e4nrelua.
Tpol,tuKoro lpaAuue ca I'r3cJleABaHn KaKTO BCl4uKU XI.{- flerara u ulecrara rJIaBa ca [ocBereHl'l Ha peKoH-
JIAUIHU il CTOUaHCKII Cfpa-114, TaKa u He3acTpoeHaTa nnou crpvKrrlllr. B e.aHara ce naBa peKoHcrpyKut'll Ha xllrllutero
Ha cenilulero, Toaa e Ilo3BoJIIjJlo Aa ce xBbpnu nofnea 14 ceJrl[rero, T. e. Ha Marepl4alHara o6ctanonra, B Kotlro
B6pxy cennuleTo (aro uflno, B'bpxy HqKOH Crpafln 01 xu- sa o6nrarelur
uoia,-rorlro e fipornqa'{ B'bH or xuJrl4ulara' ,,Ea Jrnullara"' Heroellc 6Hr
B hsroxeHneto (r,r. II) e pa3r,'IeaaHa tllpeo Il'{ol!ra, e flpe
aMeTHUK
KOflTO Ce flpocrnpa Me)KAy )xu,ll]uaTa, 3ae-aHo c BchqKI'I B resn
r,lanu,
Haxo.u.Klt, rp'bcnarll NlexAy 3elv,rJtHrltre. flo-HaralbK ce HI4Te ,DBe JIUqu forgMoro yMeHlle Ha aBTopa Ia u3Buuqa
o6napo,lear pe3ynralHTe or npoyqBaHero Ha BcnKa 3eM- y6elrre,rnu a3BoAI{ 0l Ha rJlea He3HaqurerHtl apxeono-
JflHKa-X{hJtnlqe finl.{ cronaHcKo c6op6xe}Iue 3aeaHo c IIe- tr4qecKH -u,aHHIr.
Jrr4r uHBeHTap, HaMepeH [rpn pa3KollKlire. Toea e Hatl- 3ar,rrcqeguero e KparKo il B Helo ce 'qaBar cavlo HaIl-
o6evncrara IJacr or pa6otara, Koero e HanGJIHo ecre- o6urure I43BoAI4 or qr,rara pa6ora. C''re,q noapo6uara ap-
cTBeHO, KaTO Ce ili\{a npel BI4A, rle B lpaAhlllero ca or- tyMeHTauufiB npeal4txHllTe fJIaBh I13BO.IIUTe Ce nplleMaT
Kpr.r cronaFlcKlt 1{ 6es oco6enn B63PaxeHlrfl.
'ct,o [, ofHI'lU].4 n Ha rpar cnenBar 93 ra6rrlqn c pllcyuKl'l Ha Bcl4I{KIt
Hosorpouqro oTKpHTll B l-paAHIUeTO C'L,Op1,)KeHltl xI'JJII4Ill.HIt' cTO-
Bp'b oce,reHuq or rraHcKl{ r.t norpe6a;lut'1.
-
cKr4n run. Tyr< aaroptr pa3rrexAa rocnoacrByBauroro
Btnperu r{e B KHarara ce qyBcrByBa JM[cara Ha ]laHHI'{
cxBaulaHe, cflopea Koero cnaBtlncrure no,'lyseulRnrrl 6u'nn
3a HeKponona, Koero 14 caM aBTop'6T colll'{ Karo Hejlocra-
cBt psaHu noruelrAy cl't c xoAoBe. Torl y6e,aureJlHo or- 14. Iknyrurun rqe ocraBl4 rpafiun cleall
xB1,p,lq TOBa r'rHel{ue n fo oTXB'bpJTtl _H,e caMo B1r3 ocHoBa
rrx, rpy,l6r va A.
or
pasKotlKure Ha Honorponuroro rpa- B cJlaBflHcKara apxeoJlotl4tl. Tofi norasna Kal{ u,snocrHo I'l
Ha pe3ynrarLITe yBepeHo e [poyqeH e,4I'lH apxeonoruqecKl4 llaMerl{l,K I{
.quute, a r{ B-b3 OCHOBa Ha IIOApO6Ha KpI'lTIrKa Ha pe3yt- KaK yMeJIO e T'bnKyBaH MaTepI4an6T.
Tarure or pa3KollKI{re s lorslloro Bopurencro lpa'{l4ule.
Kanro e t{3BecrHo, T-bKMo IrenpaBanHoro lbnKyBaHe Ha Tagu xsara I'r Karo MotrolpaQuqHo I43creABaHe Ha eAHo
AaHHure or Eopmeecroro lpaaltlrle H cB'E'p3Bauero I'l. c rpaauue ule 6lae o6paseu 3a re3u, Kol{ro npoyqBar cna-
u3BecrHoro cBeaeHlte ra flcesAo-MaBpI.{KuI:i 3a aHTCKhre BflHcKara a'eBHocr'
cr. craHr{eB
 NPEfJIE.[

CEMI4HAP NO CJIABqHCKA APXEOJIO|I,Ifi

Ilpes u. r. s Mocrsa ce c]crol Bro-

.[eKeMBpl-r 1958
paTa cecufl Ha no cnaBflHcKa
MexlyHapo,4Hr.irr ceMr.rHap
apxeonornr. OcrosaH npes v. lrafi 1957 r. n Kpaxon,
f.rlero ce c'bcror HeroBara nr,pBa cecuc, roft hMa 3aaar{a
Aa carnacyBa iJpoyqBaHr.rrrra a o6aacrra Ha c"TaBqHcKara
apxeonof uq B'r,B Bcr4qKu HcTopr4 qecKH cnaBcHcKr..r TepuropHr.r
or El6a ao Bonra u or Barlrnficro .uo AaprarnqecKo,
Ereficro ra 9epno lrope. Cr,s,1a4eH e optaHHBarriloHeH
KoMr4Ter, B Koftro BJIH3ar npelcraBltre,tu Ha aKaAeMuure
Ha r{ayrr{re n 6ep;ruH, flpara, BapuraBa, 6y.(aaeua, ,rko-
6.uua, Eyxypelr, Co0un u Mocrsa. Erarapcrurr npeacra-
Bure"r B ror KoN{urer e aKaa. Kp. Marree. Ipe4ce4are"r
Ha e ara,[. E. A. Pu6axoa, optanx3auuoHHr.rnr
KoMr4Tera
ueHrtp e Ailoct<Ba, l4Hcruryrrr 3a llcropnq Ha Marepuar-
Hara Kynrypa npu AH CCCP.
Mocxogcrara cecurr lruaue Karo ocHoBHa reva
B9HCKUTe IIrei\reHHE C:bro3rl npe3 n'bpBOTO Xhnsao,TeTlje
Ha H. e.'
ZsHecex!, 6rxa c,re4aare noKraar. : M. Xf . E p a fi-
qeBcKn (Kren) Anrure 14 roro3arraAHara rpyna Ha
- nreMeHa; U. V\. Jlnnyrllrun (IIe-
u3roqnocnaBrHcKrire
nunrpaa) Bbnpoca 3a KyJrrypHoro eauHcrBo Ha
crraBflHure --Krnr
; V. noy,rr{K (6rpno) - Ilpe4nocraB(u 3a
o6paaysanero na Be,rurouopaBcKara a'bpxaBa (VII--VIII n.);
A. Toqux (Hurpa) - Ktv Bbnpoca 3a flrelreHnltfl cr,-
craB Ha repr.rropr.isra na CroeaxLs s VII-XX a. ; B. X e n-
s e a (Bapuraea) Hafi-apeBHr4re A6p)+(aBHH opraHr.r3Mn
-
JI. Jle ue eBr.l u (Bapuaea)
- Cla-
Ha norrcKa repr4ropr.rq ;
BqHcKnre rrJreMena or 3anaano6aaruficxoro noMopr4e;
A. lll o l,r (6yaaneua) Hoan pa6oru r o6lacrra Ha crra-
BeHcxara apxeororuq Ha-yHrapcra replrropus ; C r. C r a H-
rr e B (Co@ur) flpoyuaxero Ha pauuocnaBlH-
cxara r{ynrypan Bl.lrapnn; M. nerpecxy-['ru-
6on r.r q a (IIur) ZsroqHoc.rraBqHcKrire n.reveaa na re-
-
Ha 3ara!,Ha
pr4roprzrrra Mo.raoea; f. I'. @eoaopoe
(Mocxna) Tueepuure ; t4. 11. P1'ca u oea (Mocr<aa)-
Apen,rruure; - A. 6. 6epc:oneu (Kzee) Cenepn-
Hure;[. B. Ceaon (Mocxea)-- Kpunnvrre;8.A. Pu-
6axos C's.q6r.lre Ha r.i3ToriHoc,'IaBsHcx]rre nJ'reMeHHA
c'bro3l.t B -eloxara ra feo4a,rusua.
Ilose'rero or ,rlox"Taanre n3Haccxa Hoeu aaHHl.r, o6o6-
UIABAXA IIOCT'I}KCHI,ISTA tlO CA'OTBCTHI,ITC TEMH I-I.'1H CE OTI14T-
Baxa aa .4aaaT HoBo ocBer,leHue Ha BbnpocllTe, HolrTo sa-
cgraxa. OxltseHI4Te pa3r.rcKBaHuc, pa3t'bpHaJrr4Te ce cno-
pone, oco6eHo no loK,rraAure Ha cbBercxr,rre AoK,Taauurlll
(ranp. no aoKnaalrre ua 6pafiueecxu, ilrlyurxuu, Bepeso-
neu, Pu6aron), c63aaaoxa 4e,roea aruoc$epa, Kolro .qo-
nplrHece 3a ycnemHara pa1oTa Ha ceMxHapa, O6csaeun
,,Cla- 6rxa u opranu3atliloHr{r.r Bbnpocu B'IIJ Bp:b3Ka c no-nara-
T'bruHt.iTe cecnn Ha ceMuHapa.
Peueno 6e c,re.4nara cecrq ra rltra 3a ocHcBHa rer\{a
,,BlsHuxeauero Ha c,laeRucrnR tpaa'.
Cr,rqecreynanero r lo-HaralburHara pa6ora Ha Mex-
ayHapoaHuq ceMaHap no cJ'raB.flHcKa apxeonofrre ilIe lJMa
BCe llO-rOIqMO 3HaqeHUe 3a npoy'rBaHeTo Ha CnaBflHCKaTa
ApeBHocr a Eurapun safi-u,raays RJroH na 6r,,rrap-
cKara apxeonoraq -
oco6eHo nopaA'l va.'rnul 6pofi rayv-
-
uu pa6oruuqu, Kor,rro pa6orsr B ToBa HarrpaBreHue y Hac.
B cevunapa ule ce orqnrar pe3Jrnrarure or Harrl{Te
npoy'rBaHr,rs, u1e ce o6cr,NAar rexHrll'e Merortz H Hafi.
fJraBHoTo nocTI{fHaTr.{Te pe3ynTaTl4 rrle ce cT,r,lacyBaT c
pe3ynrarrjre or pa6orara Ha apxeono3nTe-craBqHoBelu or
clceaunre 14 flo-AaneqHure rbpx(aBr4. Vqacraero sa Eur-
rapuq B To3n MelKAyHapoAeH opraH rpt6sa ga n.wa za
pe3ynTaT 3acrrJBaHeTo Ha repeHHuTe r43cJlenBaHufl n pa3-
KoIIKHTe Ha cJlaBaHcKl.t o6exrlr s HauJara crpaHa.
Cr. CraHqeB
cEAMI,l ME}KIyHAPOAEH KOH| PEC [IO KJIACHT{ECKA APXEOJI OlVtfl

flpes cenrrureprz 1958 r. e Pun u Hearo,r 6e csarau B uererprara ceKqlJn ce pa3rneAaxa orKpnraq a npo-
Vll uexayrapoaeH Kontpec no Kracr4qecKa apxeonotuq 6,renrn na puMcr(ara Ir KlcHoaHTr.r'rHara apxeonofzq. Oc-
noA rrpelce,qaTeJrcTBoTo Ha Av[Hufi. t{Ta"TUaHCKl{ yqeH HoBHn roKrailr.{ n3Hecoxa: E. Eo er }r y c (Puru) Opo-
Aueaeo Mafiyplr s c vrlacrrero Ha oroJto 720 yverrn or 6,reriu, cmpsaHu c apxr.rreKTypara Ha pral,rcrara- peny6-
II'J-I CBqT. ,ruxa; E.;lurne (KoneHxaren) Eaus KtcHoaHTu'{eH
Ha rosu KoHfpec 6's,rraplra 6e yaocroena c us6upanero aBopeq, HarroBo rtpceu n o6lacrra - Ha Arp[aruKa. B no,q-
s flo,{erulIq KoMnrer rra npeaceAarer'rq }ia Bt,rrapcrara ceKuLIUTe 6nxa pa:r,renaHr4 B-brrpoct{, cB'bp3aHH c pa3KonKll,
axateMnc ra Hayxnre To4op flan,roe, KaKTo r.r c us6upa- rpaloycrpoficrBoJ apxlireKrypa Ir rl3KycrBo.
Hero Ha 6'uarapcrz npeacraBr{ren (npoQ. Xp. Ivl. flauos) flerara cerua.s 6e noceereHa Ha pa3flpocrpaHesllero
3a rrpeacerare,T Ha enHo or nbpBr.rre 3aceaaHnl. Or B-sn- Ha KnaclrqecKara rIr4BHnu3aqzq: nepuQepna u npoBrlH-
rapl,rr B.rexa yrracrue B KoHrpeca rpoQ. A. ll. Iur'.rarpoe, uuanBa apxeonotufl u crelj.u oT tpl,rlKa 11 pr4 McKa tlHBr.tJrr.r-
npofr. ,{p. ,M. nauoe u /1. Orsenona. 3aIIuq orB6,q rpal{fiul.lre Ha K.rracLqecKr.rrr cB9T, Ocnonur
Korirpecr,r 6e orxptr na 6 cenreivrspt4 c ltpxecrBo
.[oKJra,[h:8, A. B.raaarcKilfi (Mocr<sa) llepuoa'nr
na Kanrlro,rzyl{a z c orKprzBaHero Ha aBe uslrox6r4
-
r.lg.rrox6a 3a pecraBpaqun (ypeu..Ha or l{eHrpa,rnuq riHcrH-
Ha nporoeJ'rnHlzslra ua Knuepuficr<r.in BocQop ; -A. Ill .n ro tr-
6epxe (Ka6y,r)
ryr-3a pecraBpaqar) u us.'[ox6a 3a caMo,leraa Sororpa$un. - flaprcxo,
Ko-pllMctio r43KycrBo;
rprqro-6ylauecKo r-{ rpl,u-
B. Kurvr ar (Tro6nnreu) -. Kyr-
3ace,lanagra Ha KoHrpeca ce cbcronxa [ocJeaoBarenHo rypHr4 Bp'b3Kr.r naexly o6,lacu.rre orBla Alnare
a Puu, l-leano,r l flournefi rJ ce npoBe4oxa B cexqrrr.r u cpelu-
r.r
sexrHoMopcKrq cler oKoJro VI-IV B. lp. H. e. ; E. f a p-
IrorceKrlrail. Esxa nsrieceHrz oxo.To 13tj aoxaala, or Kor4To cra 6enilao (Maapua) flposarqzaJ'rHoro rp'br{Ko
21 s n;renapna 3acelaHl4q Ha ceKuutITe, a ocrasanr.tre B r43KycrBo e tr4cnarjlq. B rasu- ceKquc 6qxa u3Hecegr.t n
rroaceKul{nTe.
aoKJaAare na 6urrapcxr.rre ]'qacrHr.r[r4 : n. n. A u v u-
B nrpeara cexuun 6qxa pa3treaaHrl rexHriqecxrl Bb- rpoB flporsxo,t Ha rparuficrul rpa4; ,{. Orne-
npocu HoBH NreTonr, 3a apxeoJrofHqecKu npoyqBaHuq u
Haql-tHu- Ha KoHcepBarlue pecTaBpa4urr Ha aHTr.lqHu npeq-
HoBa -- Beaexrr B'bpxy 3,rargr4Te n,'racrtrHKrl u Harpbn-
14
Hr4ul4 or Tparnn u NlareAoHuq.
Merrl H riaMerHqrltl. Ocnoelru notJranv u3Hecoxa :
,4 N. 5 p a ,q Qo pa (oxcQopa) orrparnr, nanpaBeHn or
Ha saK,rroqurenHoro nreHaprro 3aceAaHr{e ce tnacyBa
Ba3,uyxa (pesy,rrare, Metoan r.t-BT,npocu, calpsaun c rtx); cne,(Bautusr VIII r"rexaynapoAeH KoHrpec [ro Krac]lqecKa
K. M. ,rl e p u q ,r (Mraauo) feo0asnuecioro uscrea- apxeo,rornfl Ia ce cBilra cJlea ner toarlHn B llaprax,
BaHe - y a (Map- Bru rprsra c aoxnaaure 3a HoBr,rre pa3ronKr4 r.r or-
ct'tJLtt Te npoytl- r(plrrue B lharuq 6lxa opranlsupaeu KoJteKruBHlr noce-
BaHu (Prv) rueHHr{ .qo flourrefi, Xepry,raHyv, Qnerpeilcxure norera
3aua naHAoc - (Kyna, Eafia, fiouyo.rn) u flecryu. Krn Aor,raaa Ha
(Aru BaHero Ha npo$. Mafi1,pa :a ,\1arsa fpeuur 6cxa uoraaaHn HoBHre
KJracnqecKrlTe rrar!.{erHr4rlr{ n flpuua. pa3KonKr.{ s fionneil ts KBaprara oro.ro alr$nrear.bpa r{
loprara :a Hovepa, KaKTo r.r 6orarnnr KepaMurleH apxn-
Ter(roHuqefi Ma'repuJr or VI r.r V r, np, H. e, , orxpnr npr{
rp6uKr1ff xpaM Ha Tpurrt,,rnuR $opyn a xpava ua Ano-
aos. C)r oco6eso 3HaqeHue ca orKpHTHnra, Ha[paBeHu B
flecryn. B ;uyser na flecryu (orxpur npes 1952 r-.) lo vuoro
cxara xpoHonorra;O. Marrr (Map6ypr) Karacrpo- cuo-'rvq,luB HaqHH ca Ii3Jlo)KeHt4 MeTonaTe Ha apxahqHaTa
- Ha HoBHTe
Qara ua MuKeHcKara Kynrypa no.q cBerJTr4Hata c'r,KpoBrlrqnnqa u xepafioHa lra pexa Cele, vufiro 6porl
; fl.,4ep uar (flaprzx)
ilpoyLrBaHurr Hoea pecraBpa- e yBeruueH npes 1957 r. c oxle rllecr. HosoorKplrrliqr
tIu.F Ha naMerHaKa sa Heperanre npr.t - Kcauroc cnopea MaleppraJr rpl{ rpoqyrr,rre rpr xpaMa Ha flecryv AaBa oc-
pa3xonKure or 1950 -1957r. ;A. M a nc e,r ([4crarvr6yr)-. HOBaHr4e.tla Ce lI3MeHgT MHOfO OT AOCefa B:b3[pHeTHTe
Orrpzlnn u npo6aeur Ha K,'TacHqecKara apxeonoruq B npe4rror'rox{eHHc. Tara ce ycraHoBflBa, qe AsofiHr.rqr xpaM
Mara Asuq fi np. B nolceKuur4Te 6qxa r{:Hecenr.r,qoKna.[H r.rntr r. Hap. 6asu,'t[ra e 6H,[ nocsereu Ha 3eec u Xepa.
ga unnor)crara r.J npatpbtrKara uuBunr.{3arII4g, I.t3KycrBoro Ha Hoaoorrpurara nonuxpoNtHa tnuueHa craryq Ha 3esc no-
apxauqHa n firaca'{ecKa frpunr, }t3KycrBoro Ha eJl.lHr.tsMa Ka3Ba, qe u npoqyrr4rr xpaM Ha flocefiaoq e 6na n ct,u1-
u en0HIcTI.iqecKo-prrMcKoTO h3K)rcTBo. Hocr rlocBereH na 3eec, a unoro6pofiuure cralyfiru na
B rperara ceKuriff, nocBereHa Ha orKpurlsra H apxeo- Atuva, rarro r-J rpaQnrr.r, HaMepenr4 nplr xpaNla, xofiro ce
.rorrrqecKr.rre npo6,revu B aaul (Cr.rur.r,rr.rg,
npeApr.tMcF{a LIr e cqnTa,[ nocBereH ua fleuerpa, noKa3Bar, qe u rofi e
Marua fpeqnl, Erpypar u nraantlcxa quezausauul), oc- 60a noceeleH Ha Apyno 6oxecrso Arasa.
-
HoBuu noKJraqr4 r{3Hecoxa : A, M afry p il. (Heano,r) Caen lpur.rrrcuBaHero Ha KoHrpeca(13
cenreunpu) 6rxa
Pa:ronrn ir orKpr{Tr4ff e Marna fpequn ; M. fl a Jr o r r-t H- o opraBHshpann qernpr{ roner\tu eKcKyp3u[ ao Erpypuq,
(PHv) I-rpulrn u Erpypar cneulranHo c or,TeA Ha or-
- npu Cnuua u fLoprn. lo l{enrpa,rHa n Ceaepna Aratut, ao -Curld,ruq ,l no
Kplirtiflra I(ryrtaHuq n lTytrun.
,rl, OrneHoBa
 OTIIETHA KOHOEPEHUNT HA APXEOJIO|HqECKH' HHCTI4TYT H
My3Efi [Pt4 6AH 3A 1958 f.
Or 7 ao 9 lrafi r. r. ce clcros peAoBHara roruuHa
orqerHa,r-oHfepenulrq. _pa Apxeo,'rorh,{ecxHq LlHcrkryr u
uysefl (AI4M) npn EAH, rocBereua Ha pe3yr,rrarr.rre or
crpanara npes 1958 r.
3exa yqacride cT,TpyaHn_
oBere Ha Kareapara no
NPEACTABUTCJIH HA tlOqTI,I

parl HoxpacTR r{cKaTa

ACT OT EJI4HI.ICTI]I{E.
pracrtr,'r H aBe Kpuna

Huqra ca ce ,,,3Ar.rraJ,rr.r HarpaBo .J"?l?T.t;

ca 6atu nocrpoeHr.r ral st{vqljun. Tl"ff,'ir".
".
B nacuna, }.t3ll,nBarrl
3ltMHHqHUTe noMeilleHl.Jg, Ca HaNJepeHx MHOXeCTBO OTJIO_

3a npoyunaur.rsra Ha paHHocJraBflHcKoro ce_

4O-
yKa.
Hfl-
BCH-
Tap or rlpHera, TaBr.rrlKu, trorHnrll.t sa x,rr6, I{e,,re3sH
npeaMerr.r a npeuneHr.t 3a BpereHo. B ceeeponsrouuvr
T,rbJl Ha BCeKa 3eMrsHKa e pasqlrcTeHa nexl, tpaaeHa
or Kai!r6x. Hape4 cr,c senrrruKure ca 6nnu orKphrlr lreullt
sa xrr6, HanpaBeHu or tnuHa. E,(na ugrepecna uaxorra
IPCACTABqT KOCTEHI{TC TIACTI' OT KbHKH, KOI'TO n
AOCCTA CA
3acBraeTe,'rcTByBaHr4 CaMO eruorpascr a. 5g r. ca 6utu
o lr, 3a Aa ce
unenBaunfiT AoKnaA
- PasronKfl B flpeclae K H
oT_
ttpe3 1958 r., 6e r{3Heceg or Bepa Maspoahuoea, n
ca npo_
TOBa
uua II, rAero ca
 150

oTKpHTH IB).cTpaHHO peryllnpaHH KpeM-brtHr.i opr,auq, xorTo

Ito3BOIqBST Ue,{}tCT KOMnreKc aa ce oTHeCe K,bM Ce.[eTcKaTa
Ey.rrr\-pa. Hanpasenil ca 6rlnL npoyqBaHr..,rr r.l npx n06l.l-
THTe Ka\tbHH, BapHeHcxo, 3a aa ce usncHfi xapaKi.epbT Ha
KbcHona.leo,lr.{THara KynTypa B ro3r4 pafloH. oTKpl4THTe
r{aTepUaJH cor.taT, qe TyK e
LlMano xt BoT B TeqeHr{e Ha
H9KO.tKO nOCJIeAOBaTeJIHU nepto.qa Ha IlareoJLITa.
K. cr. ac[creHT B nonllrexHltKara, H3Hece
flnarcr.ree,
NpaTEX CbAOKnaA 3a feorof4lecKaTa ocHoBa Ha [aJ,leo_
.rHrHara (ynrypa s cavyu,lrqa ll.

c
. T#ii'"
oTo rpa-
.1 sa 6utn
npoH3BeneHH x Ha eAt.ll{ MotHneH TpaKo-pu[,rcKr4 HeKpOlOn.
3a paaKorrKr.lre sa fcrien6 ao*raaei fle_
Ilp Aeren, Mr. HayqeH ctTpyrHr{K
'ca B My3err n [J,roa4ne.
flpoyuaaHtara Ha ro3r.l o6err 4a,tlu o6uaen lcarepr.ian
OT K6CHOHEO/1UTHI] KAMEHHH I,I KOCTHI4 OPbAHg, |THBCIIA
ca,noBe, :aaolt H ap. Oco6en r4gTepec npeacraan orxpu_
BaHeTO Ha )l{eHCKti CKeneI B CBr4].O [O,loXeHUe r., Ha ocHo_
BUTe Ha K'bCHOHeO,r.,Tr{o )XH/TAUIe, opfieHTUpaHO C A.bJr_
raTa c}{ cTpaHa ceBep-rcf h pa3{eneHo Ha .4Be noNtefile-
Hag or e.qr-tH HalpeqeH sua. llogeqero or t43Ka3anure ce
IIO AOK,ra{a Ct{flTaT, qe B cbrrlrrocT Tyt{ He ce Kacae Ao
eAHO )1{l4rUUIe C ABe not\,teueHkg, a no aBe oTne,llHH xr.{_
JII{ula, Kotiro llMar LI or4eJrHlr BxoAoBe. [oco,{u ce c:bxro,
're Kepaur4xara, Koqro .Ileree ornaca KbM rBa KynrypH14
nnacra, cnopeA Haxoarure or Kapauoeo npuna4.rexn ua
eallH nnac't'.
n,uuurlp IloHqee, ]un. Hayqen cBrpy4r{r.rK ua Apxeo_
,'rorfiqecKur{ N{y3efl B fl,roalaa, HanpaBu xparxo c.uo6rqe-
Hile 3a npoyqBaHeTo Ha rcfoH3TOqHUq Tpa_
Ko.-pr4t\rcKIt HeKporo,'t Ha @nnunononuc, or
Kof,To ca 6n,n_a pasxonar{l4 ,qBe i\,lotuna. B nt,pnara e or_
rpuro norpe6eur4e Ha M.b)r{, z3B'bpueHo rlpe3 u3rapqHe B
npeABapBTeJrHo u3KoDaH .qBycTr,rraneH rpan. fpo6aunr rzH_
ct i)atara .(d ce r b.lr(] sa xaro 6asR,
rlHrepec ce nocpeulHa AoK,Ta.qbr aa Bepa
BeHTap ce c6cTol4 OT fJ'rr4HeHu ct,aoBe, e/lr.,H xe.{e3eH HOfi .._! l9ro"ypenHllK
AHroHoBa, a
^ Ko.raposrpaAcKns uyseli, 3a lpo-
u ap. B'ssBTopara Mor;.tJ'ra Heaou3roperare Kocrrz Ha no- v'rBaHeroHayKperrrefihero lpu c. IIap Kp.jru
rpe6anua ca nocraBeHu e rpo6Hr.lua, u3suaala or rvxrrrJ (LIara,rap).
14 nplcT .to cal!'toTo otHHUIe. flpoyueHr ca 6utu ceKTopt{ or B.hHrrlHoro 3e[l,teHo

e'bso6uoseHh. Pasxpur e 6u,r orqacru eIuH KBapra,l r

ynfiqa, Ko.flTo Bonr.r Kl,M ror{Has BxoA na xpenocrra, or
ABere crpaHr{ Ha ynn\ara ca pa3rronoxeHH nocrpofixu
r.{Jrr{ no-cKopo oTAeJTHI-' CTaLI C Heto,,Ieuu paslleplr. Brn
B
c
q
KpurH cJejut or pxMcKo cerH0le.
t4
Ar<a1. jV[trq1gs ].r3T-bKHa rorsMara fipunula, Kosro c6_
n urecrByBa uexay fl.nucra r{ ro3u o6err. tr4 ryr tiMaMe
HHe 3a BbrperxHoro ycrpoflcrBo Ha eAHo paHHocpe.[Ho- B'r,HtxeH rpal. yKpeneH c Ba/r. 14 B6TpeUeH, yKpeneH c
BeKOBHO tpaAnrqe. ttaNreHHU creun. Eto sauto o6croUHoro npoyunane na
flpes orueruara roar.rHa B rpa.4r.rttrero upn roBa yKpenneHr.re, KoeTo rue ,4onpr.rHece 3a pa3peuaBaHe
c. Kpunlrua, CsuuoBcr(o, 3anoqHa pa3Konx'I Ha Baxna_Bbnpocr{ or paHHata 6l,rrapcxa }rcropafl r.i Kyr-
erl.Ha HeMcKa apxeorotr4rrecKa eKcneauuus ua vlncruryta rypa,. rpa6aa !a craHe nbpBa 3anaqa ia Ko,rapoerpaacxuq
sa rpbKo-pr.iMcKa lpe ;r,ryserl,
Ha Hayr{ure n Eep,luu.
npoyqBaHnflra 6e tsnp
rop Ha ltHcrrlryra, C.ne
H3on[paHa or
KJracuqecrr..rre crpaHn u 6ponr Ha KaApure or
cnel.luanltcTl.{ no aHTIlqHa
BaqH Ha anrnqnu o6exrn
rapue Karo crpana c 6or
6u rror,ra ,4a rroMorHe Ha
Ero sarqo ua I4ucraryra cBT,p3Ba c KbcHoaHTHqHara Kyna, pa3KooaHa npe3 l94g r.
:le_tocraBeH 3a npoBexaaHe Ha pa3KonKa c yue6na qea s o6eKr S ua fopno rpaAurrle, -6lueo ao xosro e 6ara
:;rH |iacren aa ,Ilynaacrln ,[zlrec. pasronr<ure ca uerrp_
gl(pnia oue e.qHa Ky,ra cbc r.btuara Qopr,la ru pa3Meph.
-:H;j not pr,KoBo.qcrBoro ua npoo. Xaflaenpafix or yHM_ loBa ,[aBa r]paBo rra Be.nxoe u flultoaa aa cMRTar, ue r. Hap,
 ':r

{o,rruo rpaarrue,u o6err S or lopuo rpaAltue ca eAttH I't cborsercrByBau ua Kapanono III r.r na 6oqu II s Pvv;-
c6rrl pr.rMcKu r.r KtcHopttMCKU HacreJI, crurecrnynal or lI nrl; XorHuua II, xofiro flpeacraBn [pexor Kr,M KanreHro-
ao VI e. Pa:xpurunr 6orar apxeo,rofaqecKl4 H enr.rrpa$- MelHara erroxa, u Xorsraua III c npeo6,ra4aBaHe Ha rpa-
cKr{ Marepr..ran rqe aa.u,e }IoBli AaHH!1 3a To3n yKpeneH Snrra repaltura.
nyHKT Ha puMcKuq .Ilyuaecxu lrtr,tec, AoxlaArl Ha AHteroe aare IIoBoa 3a oxliBeHlr pa3-
3a pa3KonKure ua Myser 3a ltcropLtg flcKBanr.ls no e4r.rH rlpnHunneH Blnpoc : neo6xoat-tlto ru e
H Co Q u n AoKnaaBa Marrtaruna Crauueaa, ype,,lHltK
a aa ce pa3rpaHrlqasar orreJIHIl nepI4oAI4 npu Xoruuua, r<o-
npn rr,tyser. flpes 1958 r. Ilopanu ro,1rl\,toro crpollle,r- raro 6u MofJIo aa ce ycraHoBlt eanHHa xpoHoJlorltq B'r'3
CTBO, r43BapujeHo HaBpen 13 cTonrrllaTa, My3esT ce e olpa- ocHoBa Ha Kapauono, Ha losa rJlelt4llle c ocHoeaHue 6e
Hr.rquJl C.I)sHaTerHO CaMO C1,C CrlaCI{TeJIHII pa3KOnKH Ha 3a- npoTuBonocTaBeHo MHeHIjero, qe 3a celaHlHl.iq ivIoMeHT, Ko-
crpaLueHa o6errn. flo-npoar,rNurerHu pa3Ko[Ku ca 6utu raro nnncBar no-HanpeAHanl4 npoyqBarjn.fl, e no-4o6pe 4a
Ha[paBeHr4 Ha trJIorqal ,9 cerlrennpn" nptl cHI4- npuerveM eaHa yc,roBHa llepuo.tln3atlls, !a He 6u yeauaK-
xaBaHe H Ir3paBHflBaHe Ha repeHa uy. Tyx ca 6tlu or- BgBaHeTO Ia loBeAe AO no'ro,'IeMx lpelljKll, a BIIOCJIeA-
Kpnru roJreNr 6poir norpt6eHLll or aHruqHlrq fi
cpeAHo- cTBUe ,recHo ule MolKe .(a ce u3fpaal4 eaaHBa neproal't-
BeKoBHr.lfl HeKpoilo.[ [lorpe6enun'r'aca 6eAsu, o6fixHoseHo 3auL{g.
6es Hnneurap. flose,rero ca xpt4crl.lqHcKr.r ol III-lV e. or C,reaeautnqr aoKnar 3a apxeoJort4rJect{ure
n. e, florpe6aHare ca no,roxeHu HatrpaBo B 3ertcra, Karo npoyqBaHrq Ha llucxoxyparepa pI-lMcKo
- Cy,rroa,
rbproBcKo cJlrltll Kpait c, focuruua, HsHece 6.
rpo6t,r e lroKpfir c aBycrpex noKpl4B or rery,ru. Ha
c'L,ntoro Mtcro ca orl<plrrl.l lvarepl'tanh I Qparlteuru or ypeaHrrr B rvly3eu n TtpHoeo. Hanpaaettlre ryK coH-
KepaNil.rKa oT eHeorI4THaTa cnoxa, KoeTo cotlH, TyK e
'le ,[alftIH H3C,'leIBeHil9 CTO9T 8'68 Bp63Ka CAC 3aAaqaTa Ha
To
r1Ma,!o eHeo,Tl.rrHo ce,rtlxle. e 5r,ro pa3[o,loxeHo Ha Tt,pnoscxra vysetl aa ce npoyqu aHruqHara ucropus Ha
Er.Jcorara repaca, 3aeMaHa or ct'pa.qata xa ErnorpaQcxu.n 3el\1HTer pa3oO,lO)+(eHH B CeBepHOl'O ITOAHOXUe na 6a,n-
My3eli u HaqnoHa,,rHara rarepur, no Iofoll3ToqHLlf It 3a- raua. Orrpurn ca 6uut 3l'iaoBe u strKoJrKo 6asu, uacr oT
naAHuq iJ cr"'IoH. ynurla H pasnoo6pasen NlareptiarlJ or KofiTo Nroxe Aa ce
Cranqeea HanpaBLt Kparxo cbo6ueHlle n 3a Heo'11.'trHoro ycraHoBl.l, rte roBa IVIscro e 6firo gace/eHo oue rpeAH
cenurue, orxpr.rro clyuafiHo Ila rept{Topttffra ua CoQur, I4ABaHeTO Ha pulIr'ltlHnTe, XoI'tTo no-fit,cHO lo npeBpbu]aT
u3Torigo or CryaeHr'cKH.ff KBapra,r. flpn z:xotture B fpalcKli ueHlbp no4 Qopvara Ha yKperreHo lbpxtjule.
3a r(aHr,q-r(oJreKTop cbTpyIHLtuaTe Ha J\.llr3efl ca oclllypl{nu }Kunorlr ryx e npo,[6nx]1n lo V-VI B,, Kor-aro ce
nocrogi{tJo Ha6Jrn.4eti}re n 4o6pa IoKy[leHTaqug, Bcrea- sa6e,rqsea rorsNI pa3uBer I.l ycureHo I{penocrHo crpol'l-
crBue Ha Koero ca ct6pann I{eHlltl laHHI.l 3a pa3no.'Ior{eHliero TencrBo. C,rea loea xrBorar npeK'bcBa u orHoBo ce noa-
Ha ceruluero u 6orar xiarepta.r. VctaHoaeao e, qe R Hafi- HoBeBa npes XII - XIV e.
Br..tcoKaTa qacT Ha ceJI4uleTo ril',rrypHilqT t1"1acT AOCrUfa Or Oxprrxrurr uyseil e rp. BapHa 6nxa npegcrarenu
ao 4,5 11, a s nepa{reprz;ra ro I tut. Hari-.(o.ltlnle flracroBe .[Ba orqera: lopaua Touvera, Mn. HayqeH ctTpyaHnK, Ao-
Ha cenuiltero Nrolar aa ce olHe(ar xr,v l{apanoeo l-A. KralBa3a npoyqBaHilt{ra s MapIt11 aHonoJlHc,
LUNpora lteilHOcr Ha repeHa e pa3r'bHar npes 1958 t'. r.rero ca 6u.'rn orxpuru qac'tH or KpenocrHara creta, 2
u Orprxuurr rvy3efi B T'spaoao Cnopea npe.lBapt{renHo r{)'n14 rr 12 eAHaren rotterlteHutt, pa3noJloxeHLt paaxarHo,
r43pa6oreH nraHr ctr,rlacyeaH c AI4M npn 5AH H ['lHcru- KOUTO BepoqrHo npeacTaBflT ocraHxu 01' TeaT'bp,
TyTa 3a olla3BaHe raNteTHrluHTe lta Kynrypala, illy3eJ]r B !.. fluuurpon, Mrr, HayqeH c'brpyAHlit(, sanosua rouoc-
Tspnoeo e c,'roxc4,{ Haqa.rroro }ta apxeo,Tof I'tqecKI4 pa3- peHuugTa c npoyqBaltuqTa Ha oTKpIaTLrc npfi cnactjTe,'lHH
KOnKI4 l.t lpoyqBarrug Ha xpenocTHuTe cTeHrl Ha pa3KorrKrz paHHocpeIHoBeKoBeH HeKponon
I-[ a p e s e u.flpoyuen e 6un eatrH yqacr](, lur'r 20 tvt, npu tapa Pa3!.eJIHa. PasxonaHa e 6nsta nrout or
pa3no,rolKeH ceBepHo o-r Ma,rxara lopra. Tyx e 6uaa 800 r<e. M u ca npoyqeHh o6uro 82 rpo6a. fiorpe6eHrrnra
paBKpnra cpeaHoBeKoBHata 6rnapct<a KpenocrHa creHa, ca I13B'bpueHlr qpe3 u3fapqHe, cnea (oero l{ocrllre ca
Karo ca yclaHoBeHLt,ne6e"'Ihttar a tr, rocoKara I'I HaI{plH'br Ha 6ttru nocranqHu B ypHl.t, B MaJ'IKl.t ryxneHlt HJtIt KaMetrgll
cTpoex. PasrpaHuueur ca 6l,rI NbcHuTe TypcKI4 [onpaBKI.{ rpo6Hr4qn rinu B qlr4, Cpea repaur.ruuur uareplra.r, xofiro
14 npenpaBKu Ha creHal'a il roprilTa. e H3B6HpeAHo rso6ltleu, ce cpeuar .(Ba runa KepaLtDIKa:
Ha ar.T6oqvua or 1,10 no 2,65 M e pa3Kpur KynrypeH cJraBrHcKa u npa6r,lrapcxa. flptt ypHI.{re npeo6.uaaaea
nnacr, Kor;ro c'bntpxa crpoureJlsl.t Marepuanli, 3lraoBe, cJraBgHcKuflT TUn C'tAOBe. B rpO6oBere ce HaMI.lpaT qecTo
MOHeru u KepaMI4Ka or paHHoBfl3aHrUfiCxara eiloxa 6e3- n Hox'rera, o6eqn, roxu u 4p. Herpononbr, Ilpt{ xofiro e
Cpe/'IHOBeKOBHaTa KpeIIocTHa
- 3acBHlereJrcrByBaH flcHo cJlaBsHcKIt e3[uecKH o6p9A Ha
CnOpHo.[OKa3aTencTBO,'Je
cTeHa e nocTpoeHa B6pxy no-clapa, pa3pyueHa Kpeno- norpe6euue, Moxe aa cc Aarl.tpa or Vlll-lX s.
cTHa cllcTelua, fioffTo llo BpeMe i\{oxe Ia ce cBbpxe c Aor,raarr npeal3BUKa oxuBeHu pa3ucKBaHn.s. Bclrqru
Mouuna Kpenocr. l.t3TbKHaXa ofpoMHoTO 3Ha'letlue Ha HeKponona npl'l lapa
PagAe,'lna, KoilTo ce qBeBa eauH or Hafi-BaxHllre o6errn
or ra3H enoxa. A. !,r,rnarpoa e npoflBfin ronnNla npeuu3-
HOCT r{aKTOnpu pa3KonKHre, TaKa I4 npl4 [peaBapl4renHaTa
o6pa6orKa Ha MarephanHTe.
'Apxnrerr Paqo Paqes or llacruryra 3a onasBaHe
IaMeTHHIluTe Ha KynTypaTa aoKnaaBa 3a KoHcepBa-
ur4RTa Ha aHru'{Haia crpaJIa B A6pnryc.
3a aa ce orcrpaHll npocMyKBaHero Ha Blara u 3aalpxa-
HHUara 3a nnocKl.{ KOCTeHU U!.OJJU, HaMepeHa B xl.rnHule HeTO Ha Cgur, B'bpxy 3I'lAoBeTe e HanpaBeHo rloKpl4rHe or
N 8. Tyr ca 6snh orKplrru roanu 6poil KocreHL l'lAo,H Kyxr.r ryxn[, vulro ycrofi,rnBocr e yaBoeHa fi_ocpeacrBoM
B pa3nr4qHa Qasa xa uspa6ornanero I'tM, cypoB KocreH Ma- HanoflBaHero ilM c psaax uilMeHToB pa3rBop' Koaounre s
aepHa c noMotrlTa Ha nepucrllna ca 6unw lj3npaBeHl.r. Hanpaoer e onI{T }I 3a
KOHTO qe CeJII'IIIeTO e qacrr{rrr{a pecraBpaql4fl Ha or.4enH[ apxl{TeKTypHI4 eJIe-
saruu e 6nno norna- MCHT}1.
JICHO IIAO,II{' TNHHEHH B HsxagnaHlrqra ce I{srbKHa, qe npfiHunnure, no (olrro
cr,AoBe, 6paaelt, KaKTO L HaMepeHlITe cKeneTu Ira H3fopenfi ce li3BbpmBa 3aKpenBaHero e A6pnryc, ca npaBvrHH.
Ieqa n Ba3pacrllH noKa3Bar, 'Je xHBorar Ha cenfiuero e Apx. A. Axn.qpoe npenopr,qa BMecro ryxnq aa ce yro-
aa ce ycraHoBflr KynrypHnTe rpe6nnar KaMeEHu nJlottlt, Korrro rqe ce cBtplKar no-Ao6pe
ceKrop Ha MofI,InaTa e 6I-{l ua -no uBgT I{ MaTepHaJI CIC ClapnHaTa'
3xort, Kofiro e no3BoJlHJI Ha AH- .II,. Hflroaos, aupeKrop Ha My3etr n Crapa 3aropa, ra-
KynrypH[l rtnacra : XoTnr'rua I, npaBr{ ct,o6t{eHhe 3a i{oBoorKpHTH IeHHI{
 752

'.le Ir3HeCeHITe U CbCTaBgHH n6Be,{e

Karo npeABapur x npe4crauzau 4o6pe
HayqHoH3cneaoB ga 6bnrapcKrlre ap_
I
xeolosu npes 3I{ roruHa B ocHoBara

qHre Ha KynTypara: e.(r.lH 366oneKap, KOtrO e Crorrr.rJr eAHo or

Or,{ernure xouQepeuqun ua A?lM nprj EAH, Koxro.

_-
Beqe ce [peBpBuaT B nocTosHeH MeTOA 3a rorenr]reHo

ycTanoBu, qe HeKpono_r-'bT e c'br{ecTByBan OT Kpac Ha I

llo lv B. or__H. e. Myserr e HarrpaBan u cosAaNu ua
KpenocrTa ,,xldcapfi. ao xac(oBo, raero ca pa3KpnTr4
sacrn or KpenocrHlrre c reHrr, erHa xyaa u o6ua-eu xepa_
Mr.rqeH MaTepriaa, xofito cBu.qeTercTByBa, qe Ha TOBa M'ICTO 1_19Y1: loto rpernpar rorreM14 r4cropr.rKo-reoperr{secKH
e rr[4aJro N]|BOT OT Kl,CHOaIITnqHaTa enoxa ,4o HnBaHeTO Ha
npooJTe[.nr tr noKasBaT CrpeMex r{bM no_Irlxpor<r,r o6o6_
rYPIII4re. UICHI,I'.
flpeueuanafiru pe3ynrarure or xon0epeuuuqra, B 3a_
Kr'rroqu rerHoro cH cnoBo axa.q. Xp. MHgree
u3rr,r(Ha,
M. t{rz'll.iKoBa
Fi g.,. orn ementation :., J:.' : :' :::."':-',:':H'i:)' r r,r,,.
Fig. 2. Ornementation de briques de la tour nord-est de la forteresse Baba Vida ?r Vidin.
Fig. 3. Ornementation de brigues de 1'6g1ise Notre-Dame Levi5ka i Pri5tina.
Fig. 4. Urne en argile de Bukovci.
Fig. 5. Urne en argile de Bukovci.
Fig. 6. Boucles d'oreilles de Bukovci.
Fig. 7. Perles de Bukovci.
Fig. 8. Urne de Bukovci.
Fi.?. 9. Boucles d'oreilles de Bukovci.
Fig. 10. La citd de Kadi-Keui vue du port (c6t6 est).
Fig. 11. Plan des fouilles du castel pres de Preslavec" denomnrd GradiSte".
"Ma1ak "Do1no
Fig. 12. Vase de la fin du VIe sidcle avant notre ere i figures noires. Neoptoldme tue
Astyanax et Priam (d'aprds Pfuhl. Photographie R. Staneva).
Fig. 13. Pectoral de la tombe pres de Mezek (arrondissement de Svilengrad (photographies
P. Hlebarov): a) vu de face; b) vu de c6t6.
Fig. 14. Cuirasse avec pectoral mobile (peinture A. Arguirova) : a) pectoral du type Mezek ;
b) cuirasse du type Ruec et Dalboki.
Fig. 15. Reconstitution de la plaq'te pectorale de Varbica (arrondissement de Preslav) (pein-
ture A. Arguirova).
Fig. 16. Vase h figures de la deuxidme moitid du ve sidcle avant notre ere (d,aprds
Pfuhl photographie R. Staneva).
-
Fig. i7. Reconstitution de la cuirasse de Skitodok du grand tumulus pres de Dlvanlij
(peintre A. Arguirova).
Fig. 18. Vue g6ndrale du tell prds de Hotnica.
Planche I. Plan des habitations mises au jour en lg56 et 1957.
Fig. 19. Objets en or tels qu'ils se presentaient i leur decouvrete.
Fig. 20. Les quatre idoles en or.
Fig. 21. Anneau en or.
Fig. 22. Quinze petits anneaux en or.
Fig. 23. Sept petits anneaux en or.
Fig. 24. Dix-sept anneaux en or.
Fig. 25. Plat en aroile avec ornementation de grafiiti.
Fig. 26. Ornementation de graffiti sur un vase en argilc.
F|ry.27. Carte topographique des stations pal6olithiques du deiile de l'lsker.
Fig. 28. Vue gdndrale des grottes de Samuilica I et II prds de Kunino (arrondissement
de Vratza).
Fig. 29. ProIil de couches de la grotte Samuilica II: I
moyenne; III
- couclie sup6rieure; II -- couche
couche pal6olithique infdrieure.
Fig. 30. Enclume en os.
-
Fig. 31. Outils en silex provenant de la couche culturelle moyenne de Samuilica II. Fouil-
les de 1958 : a et e) pointes A double tranchant en forme de feuille; 6) pointe
en lame de couteau; n) grattoir; r) grattoir en lorme de disque; .q) nucleus en
forme de coin.
Fig. 32. Outils en silex et en os de Samuilica II. Fouilles de 1957-1958 : a) grattoir;
r) burin ; A) microlite type ,,Craveth" ; e) amulette; x) dpingle en os; u et K) cou-
teaux; a-)K et k) provenant de la conche paldolithique sup6rieure ; s) couteau ;
-
"'r v) grattoirs de la couche paldolithique mddiane.
Fig. 33. Mur d'enceinte secteur ul. .Vitocha".
-
20 Apxeolorun, KH. l-2, 1959
r54

Fig. 34. Mur d'enceinte secteur ,,St Constantin et E1ena,,.

Fig. 35. Mur d'enceinte - secteur ul. ,,Vitocha,,.
-
Pig. 36. Profil du mur d'enceinte ul. ,,Vitocha,,.
Fig. 37. Crampon en fer. Ddtail.
Fig. 38. Le canal vu du sud.
Fig. 39. Mur nord de la salle avec la bordure et une partie de la rue.
Fig. 40. Partic de la quatridme bordure de la mosalque.
Fig. 41. Partie du champ central de la mosarque.
Fig. 42. Partie du champ central de la mosalque avec f inscription.
Fig. 43. Cabane du haut Moyen Age vue du nord-ouest,
Fig. 44. Cette mme cabane vue du nord-est.
Fiq. 45. Tombe du Moyen Age.
Fi3. 46. Socle de statue en granit dlevde en l'honneur de Sdvdre Alexandre, r'illage Le.
Stahan, arrondissement de Sofia.
Fig.47. Socle de statue en granit dlevee en l'hoflneur de Marcia Otacilia
5tahan, arrondissement de Sofia. - village Le-
Fig' 48. Facsimild de I'inscription appos6e sur un socle de statue dlevde en l'honneur de
Marcia Oracilia.
Fig. 49. Socle dc statue en granit, village de Leitahan, arrondissement de soiia.
Fig. 50. Plaque d'argile avec un relief de cavalier thrace.
Fig. 51. Le revers de cette mOme plaque.
Fie. 52. Le dessin de la plaque.
Fig. 53. Sondage No 1 avec des vestio_es d'une cabane ddtruite.
Fig. 54. BOches et pioches.
Fig. 55. Faux, faucllle et serpette.
Fie. 56. Instruments pour le travail du bois.
Fig. 57. C6ramique de 1'6poque romaine.
Fig. 58. Fragments de vases.
Fig. 59. Profil de four de la rirre du Danube pres de Novo Selo, arrondjssement de Vidin.
Fig. 60. Four i c6ramique prds de Novo Selo, arrondissement de Vidin.
Fig. 61. Monogrammes sur des monnaies de Novgrad.
Fig. 62. Tetradrachmes de Novgrad avers.
Fig. 63. Tetraqrammes de Novgrad - revers
Fig. 64. Linqots de cuivre - de la pdninsule d,Atya.
- monnaies
Fig. 65. Trouvailles de lingots de cuivre, monnaies du littoral occidental de la Mer Noire.
Fig. 66. Vase de sdpulture.
Fig.67. Vase avec ossements humains calcinds du village de Sini Vir.
Fig. 68. Pointe de lance, ddcouverte sous le vase d ossements de sini vir.
Fig. 69. Disposition des squelettes prds du village de Dibid.
Fig. 70. Vase de s6pulture prds du village de Dibid.
Fie. 71. Anse de rrase de s6pulutrrre, pres du village de Dibid.
F|g. 72. Fragments de vase d'une s6pulture prds du village de Dibid.
Fig. 73. Fragments de vases du village de Dibid.
Fig. 74. Sdpulture du village de Carkvica.
Fig. 75. Objets decouverts prds d'une sepulture aux environs du village de Carkyjca.
Fig. 76. Vase d'une sdpulture pres du village de Carkvica.
yio_. 77. Fragments de vases du village de Carkvica.
Fie. 78. Vase d'une sdpulture du village de Zlokuden.
Fig. 79. Plat en argile.
Fig. 80. Vase en marbre en forme de c6ne.
Fig. 81. Idole en marbre.
Fig. 82. Sceau en argile.
Fig. 83. Coin de cuir.re.
Fig. 84. Hache de cuivre.
Fig. 85. Vase de cuivre d bec.
Fig. 86. Vase de cuivre ?l anses hautes.
Fig. 87. Coupe en argile avec une anse haute.
Fiq. 88, Couteau en fer.
Fig. 89. Couteau en fer.
 1r,

Fig. 90. Vue gdn6rale de l'emplacement des trouvailies.

Fig. 91. Coupe de la couche cultr"rrelle.
Fiq. 92. Cruche de tyPe
Fie. 93. Cruche ir orifice en biais.
Fig. 94. Vase d6cori.
Fig. 95, Vase non d6cord.
Fiq. 96. Vase ?r une anse.
Fig. 97. Plat.
Fig. 98. Arme en bois.
Fig. 99. Situation du site prds du villaoe de Slarina.
Fig. 100. Vase en argile de Slatina. D6cor blanc sur fond lie-dc-vin'
Fig. 101. Fragments de vases de Slatina. D6cor lie-de-vin foncd sur iond rouTe ocre.
Fig. 102. Fragments de Slatina: 1) d6cor lie-de-vin sur fond rouge; 2) ddcor lie-de-vin sur
fond ocre; 3) d6cor noir sur fond gris ; 4) d6cor noir sttr fond gris ; 5 6) ddcor
1ie-de-vin entourd de demi cercles blancs sur fond rouge; 7) decor noir sur
fond brique.
Fig. 103, 1) vase h peinture en argile; 2) poids ?r mitier de Slaiina des fondations de la
couche A d 2,5 m de profondenr.
Fig. 104. Slatina. Figurine d'animal en argile, vases en argile et fragments de vases avec
des spirales en relief.
Fig. 105. Slatina. Vases zoomorphes: 1o de la pariie orientale du site d 2,5 m c1e proion-
partie occidentale du site A 3 m de profondeur.
Fig.
deur; 20
- de la
106. Salle du Mus6e ,Veliki Preslav".
Fig. 107. Faqade du Mus6e ethnographique de NeuchAtel avec des fresques de H. Erni-
Flg. 109. L'atfiche de l'exposition.
Fig.
- section
110. Vue de l'exposition d'archdologie.
Fig. 111. Vue de l'exposition section d'ethnographie.
Fig. 112. Copie d'un document du 11 novembre 1883 de Petersbourg de la Socidt6lmpiriale'
Archdologique russe.
Fig. 113. Copie d'un document du 29 Novembre 1883 de Petersbourg du Ministdre de
l'Instruction Publique de Russie.
Fig.114. Vue gen6rale d'une partie des bAtiments du Palais de la forteresse de Carevec
d Tdrnovo.
Fig 115. Partie du mur d'enceinte compris entre 1a tour d'angle ouest et nord-ouesi. (Vue
prise avant et aprds 1es travaux de conservatlon).
Fig. 116. Parties conservdes du mortier de revOtement des murs de la troisidme salle.
Fig. 117. Plan du secteur qui englobe 1e vestibule principal d'entrde, une partie du mur
d'enceinte est et les pidces adjacentes. En haut
- relevd architectural des fouillesle
entreprises par le Muse National de Tdrnovo en 1946, 1947 et 1948. En bas
-
plan aprds les recherches archdologiques et les relevds effectuis par I'auteur en 1957"
Fig 1lB. Vue de l'entrde principale, avant et aprds les travaux de conservation de murs A,
B, E et 3, le talus du corridor U et le mur decoratif K.
Fig. 119. Vue d'une partie du mnr dcoratif avec l'escalier K et I'ourrerture murde M.
Fig. 120. Vue avant et aprds les travaux de conservation du secteur pres de l'entree princi-
pale, r,ers le vestibule el1ipsoidal.
Fig. 121. Etat actuel des murs apris les travaux de conservation dans le secteur prds de
l'entrde principale, le porche et les pidces de la partie est.
Fig. 122. Vue avant et aprds les travaux de conservation du mur B et le mur ddcoraiif.
Fie. 123. Vases en argile: 1-2) vases de Preslavdu X-XIe siecle; 3) vase de Novi Pazar
du VIIIe sidcle ; 4-9) cruches de Preslav du X - Xe sidcle.
Fig. 124. Vases en argile: 1 2) cruches de Preslav du X XIe sidcle ; 3) broc de Novi
Pazar dr VIIIe siecle.
Fig. 125. Vases en argile: 4-5) brocs de Preslav du X-XIe sidcle; 6-8) amphores de
Preslav du X-XIe sidcle ; 7) amphore de Sozopol du lX-Xe sidcle ; 9) amphore
du village de Popino (arrondissement de Silistrie) du IX-Xe sidcle.
Fig. 126. Vases en argile: 1) amphore de S'r'istov du IX-Xe sidcle; 2) plat de Novi Pazar
du VIIIe sidcle; 3-4) plats de Preslav du X-XI sidcle; 5-7) coupes de Preslav
du X-XIe sidcle.
Fig. 127. Marques de potier sur des vases de Preslav sur le lond
14, 18, 19; sur les parois 3, 7-9, 13, 15, 17.
- 1-2, 4-6, 10-12,
-
 cfiac'bK HA c'bKPAUIEHVtflTA
5146 Drarapcra ucrop[rqecKa 6u6auorera.
Eraril- Br,lrapcru nperneA.
lMtl;rO- fonuurnur sa My3er{re n llaoa4uncru orpr,r.
fHBMllr,- fllaHEM fo.unutrur na llaorauecrara Hapolsa 6u6tiorera lr nlysgfi.
lHMII.n, fIhHM -foAuursur
IHM - na HapognurnaMy3efi
foruursur
Hapo4nr.ri apxeonoruqqcKu rr,ryeefi n flaon[ue,
B Cotpnr.
-
fcyl4oo fo4rmrur na CoQr.rfcxur yHuBepcnrer, I4cropr.rro-Qu,rorrornqecKn Qaxyarer.
VIAVI
-
I4seecrutr na ApxeoaornqecKr.rr uHcruryr.
UAL - Zesecruq na Burapcroro apxeonor[qecKo apyxecrBo.
I,IBAI- llssecrss Ha BapHeHcxoro apxeonortqecKo rpyxecrBo.
L1L4EE
- I4ssecrns Ha Vllcruryra aa 6r,lrapcru eaur.
nl4n - l4seecrug na I,lcropnvecKoro ,(pyxecrno n CoQua.
VI|T
- I,lcropro.a*" ,,p-..n"a.
-
I4PAUK
KCVMMK
- l4geecrus Pyccmoro apxeororuqecKoro r4Hcrr.lryra s KoHcraHrr4Honoae.
Kparrr.le coo6uteguq o aoKnarax 14 [oJreBbrx rrccreaoBaHnsx I4ucruryr:a ucropr{u
-
varepuaasaottr Kynbrypb'.
MECA Myseft na 6urapo-crnercxara apyx6a.
MZA
- Marepzaan r uccneAoBaHr.rff no
Pil -PasxonKlr r.r npoyqBaHlc. HapotreH apxeonoruH CCCp.
apxeonorfi'jecKu My3efi n Co0r.ra.
-
CnEAH
- Cnucanne Ha Bt.trapcrara aKaaeMur Ha HayKr{re.
Ufl,{AJI -- I{eHrpaaruufi rocyaapcrBeuHblfi r.rcropr.tuecrnfi apxun a ,rleur.rrrpaae.
BCH
- Bulletin de
Belleten TTK
Correspondance Hell6nique.
Belleten Turk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara.
BJB
-
Bonner Jahrbiicher.
CIL
-
- Corpus inscriptionumDaremberg-saglio
Daremberg Saglio DA
latinarum.
Dictionnaire des antiquitds grecques et
romalnes.
-
IDiss Pann - Dissertationes pannonicae.
PEK
RA
- Jahrbuch fiir prtihistorische und ethnologrsche Kunst.
Revue archdoloeique.
RE
- Pauly-Wissowa.
Realenzyklopiidie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft.
-
58 Akad. Wien Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie.
-
 TABLE DES MATIERES
D. P. Dimitrov

LES fACHES DE NOTRE ARCHEOLOGIE

Erunes
Kr. Mi jatev - Deux fragments poEtiques de.lean l'Exarque comme sources hi-
storiques I
st. Mihailol' - Une inscription fallacieuse de la Jorteresse Baba Vida ?r Vidin t7
J. Vaiarova La ndcropole slave du village de Bucovci (arrondissement de
V raca)
-
v. V e I k o r, - Contribution ir la geographie antique de 1a M6sie (Nigrinianis
Ca ndidiana) 24
L. Ognenova - Cuirasses de Thraces au V Ille sidcle avant notre ere - 30
N. Anguelov - Le tr6sor en or de Hotnica 38
N. D i ambaz o v - Les fouilles de Ia grotte Samuilica ll . 47

NOTES

L. Botucharova - De nouvelles donndes sur la forteresse de Philippopoli 55

D. Nikolov - De nouvelles donndes sur le passe de Stara Zagora 59
T. I v a n o v -- Les limites orientales du territoire de la ville de Serdica au IIIe sidcle
avant notre dte 64
At. Miltchev - Le culte du cavalier thrace dans la va116e de la Strouma ' 68
T z. Dremsi zova Etude surlalocalit6 d'Argatovo,arrondissement de Preslav.
-
D. Mitova-D jonova - Four h c6ramique de Novo Selo, arrondissement de
Vidin 79
v. Dimova - Trouvaille collective de monnaies de 1a I-re et Il-ime mac6do-
nlenne 8t
T. Gerassinlov- La monnaie avant I'etablissement des formes mondtaires chez
les Thraces de la tribu des Asti B5

V. Antonova - Ncropoles du Moyen Age de l'arrondissement de Kolarovgrad. 88

93
N. Koltchev - Monuments inddits de Nova Zagora
G. Tontcheva et A. Margos La citd lacusire prdhistorique pres du vil-
- 96
lage d'Ezerovo arrondissement de Varna
100
N. Petkov Une station ndolithique prds de Slatina.
-
MUSEOLOGIE E T TRAVAUX DE CONSERVATION
C, D jingov - Le Mus6e archeologique ,Veliki Preslav' 107

G. Georgiev - L'exposition ,2500 ans d'Art en Bulgarie' 111

A1. Dimitrova - Certains documents de diplomates et de savants russes sl1t

la crdation de l'lnstitut Archdologique de Bulgarie 117

B. I gnatov - Etude et conservation des bAtiments du Palais de la forteresse

Carevec I Tdrnovo 124

COURS ET CONSULTATIONS

J. iangova - La c6ramique domestique du Moyen Age en Bulgarie a'.t VIII-

KIe sidcle
158

CRITIQUE ET OUVRAGES RECENCES

G. Stantchev Tpyau Bolro-floncr<oit apxeo,roruuecKofi gKcneArrqnu. T. I.
-
Tepr{aJIbr 14 nccJre,qoBaHrrc
Ma_
no apxeoJoruq CCCp, Jr& 62, Mocrna_Jleuvxnpa.q,
1958
143

REVUE CHRONIQUE
St.'Stantchev Seminaire d,archologie slave
L' ognenova - Le septidme congrds internationar d'arch6ologie classique. A7
M' eidikov a - La session savante sur l'activitd de |Institut et du Mus6e ar- 14g
- de I'Acaddmie des
chdologique Sciences de Bulgarie en lgbg l4S,
 c'b.4-b P)KAHr.rE
A. n. nuNrurpoB - Haurrzre 3ataq[ (yeo4na crarua)

CT ATV|L1

Kp. MuqreB noetruecru Qparr'reuray floan Exsapx Karo r4cropliqecr<u usBopn I

C t. - JlerE.(rH
M nxail n osMHl4rvr Harnr.rc or Kpenocrra Ba6a Bum nle BaArau . 17
a ,E,. BrxapoBa
- CraesHcxrjsr HeKpolon n ceao Byrtonqu, Bpauancxo 20
B. Beaxos flpunoc KbM aH?r4qHara reorpaSr.rr Ha Musus(Nigrinianis Candidiana) 24
30
,.@
g
nlrBrt4KAut{t4
JI.6otyuapoBa - Hosr'r aariHu 3a Kpenocrra Ha Ounnnonor
A. HuxoJ'IoB - Hoer.(agHra 3a Mr.jHaJroro ra Crapa 3aropa.
T.14r-a HoB ZsroqHara rpaHrrrla na CepanrrzficKara rpaAcxa repuroprifl npe3
III s.- Ha H. e. 64
A r. M LI JI q e B Krv KyJrra Ha rpaKr.JficKr4q KoHHrlK B LoJraHara na Cpe4na Crpyua 68
-
'I-ln. ApeMcr{3oBa - llpoyunane B rlrecrHocrra ,,Apraroeo", flpeclascro 71
A. MuroBa-ANonoBa - flerrl aa KepaurqHlr rpou3BeneHafl or Hoso ce,rro, Bu-
IITHCKO 79
B. AuuoBa Ko,rexr[sHa HaxoAKa Ha MoHeTil or I u ll irrar<eAoscxa o6lacr 81
-
T. f epacrrMoe fior,.rouerHlr @opvu Ha napfi y rpaKr4flcKoro riter,le acrr.r 85
B. AsroHoBa
- Cpeauorerosuu norpe6euun'or Ko.lapoBrpaacKo 88
H. Kofi'reB
-Heo6uapo4eanu
-
naMerHriqfi or Hoso:aropcKo @

H. IlerKoB Heolurio ceJrurrre rpu ceJro HA

-
My3ErzHO AEJrO h KOHCEPBATtT4f

l. .I[ x r.r H r o B - Apxeoloruqecrurr vy:efi ,,Be"trru flpec,ras' 107

l. f eoprr4eB - tr1s,,tox6a ,,2500 roausn u3KycrBo e 5r,rrapcxur:e 3eltl' 111
A,r. AuMxrpona Pycxn o6uecreeHlluu 3a c'b34aBaHero na Apxeolornqecrrl uH-
-
crnryr B Erarapur 1I7
B.VlrnaroB - flpoyunauur a KoHcepBaquq Ha ABoprroBufl Ko[,rrrJreKc Ha Kpenocrra
Ilapeeeu n T:npuoso 124

IIEKUI4I4 i4 KOHCyITAUI4I4

tZ. .{asroBa Cpeauoneroana 6uroea KepaMr.rKa or Er,'rrapur(Vlll-XD 135

-
KPUTL1KA n PEUEH3LIW

Cr. CrasqeB Tpyasr Bo,rro-noscroti apxeonorr.JrtecKotl 3Kcnearzqur.r. T. I. Ma-

repnalbr
- r.r lrccJleAoBaHrzs no apxeonorun CCCP, N 62. Mocrea-,rlennnrpaa, 1958 l4B

nPEfr'IEA

Cr. CraHqeB
- Ceuunap no cr'raBflHcKa apxeonoruc 147
JI. OrseHoBa Cearr.rr.r Mex.qyHapoteH KoHrpec no KJracuqecKa apxeonorr.rq 148
M. tluqr{KoBa- Or.{erHa xouQepenqnn Ha Apxeo.nornuecrua r4Hcrr.iryr
u -
ruysefi npu EAH sa 1958 r. 149
 Texnnqecxn penaKTop : _6 {. 'I'a ut e a
Kopexrop'A. Vu AxneBa

.4auega sa Ha6op Ha 13. vl. 1gs9 r. floarrc?Ha 3a neqar Ha 23. VIjI. l9s9 r.
llecargr Rotu 20 LIs,4arelcxr KorE : 16,60,
Oopuar wa xaprusra: E9/84r8 Tupax: 600 IleHa 12 ue.

HaOpafla u orreqaraHa B treqarHxqara Ha EbJrapcxara aKa{eMrq Ha HayKxre

CoQzr, yr. [4BaH Ba3oB ]B
nopbcKa.]l-b 57
enncauuero Ir3JIId3a qernpu n'LTIl toAlalllHo
I'oAnrueu a6osarueHr 20 .rle'
OrAe.nua ruuxra 6 re.

AApec Ha PeAaKIII'{flra
CoQua I-I, 6y.'r. Aa. CrauSo.nuttcrcu Nb 2,
Hapo4en apxeororur{ecxz nayaefi npn 6AH
Uena 12 an.