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: . \\1ren uput
te: are open circui
" ;;;'ij':;;"''
F rcuj
Frcuit ;o : 10 mr,. J0
x'l+l:9'9mV
b. ,,o, : i,(\
R,
[1ten outu
te.minas l-e
sho-circied
f ,Rz : k
Flr circuit a. lsc : s( t) o = 10 mvx 10
+l : 9'1mV
-
Rs 10
Forcircuitb.. : f :
R. 1162
(r)
F uivalency
o:10mVx'1l :
: 1
R-.1-r(r) zs(r) 5 mV
f R.: 1
o: 70 mvx 10
lll - '91v
807o of source
vltage
x 80 =8mV: 10 mv
f gives 8
mV when Rs :
1 -r, f:,
8 : 10'#h=+R.:4L
Figure . a
ls = 10
Figure .lb
Ex:1.2
Rs io=i.tx Rs
Vor=V, + l).,. Rs + Rz.
Given ( = 10 , Rs =
For
1OO k
"(t) = SQ)x RL
- Rr-R,
:,ffi ;.,. ;,;-*T. ;.:":,:,,",
Given zr(r) : 10 mV and Rs:lk 8:lOX lgo
f R. = 1OO k 0;?;
R = 25k
xercise 1-2
I : +:
Ex:1.5 : l: 1 V+D : 001
# 10OHz
:2V=+D:0010
:2f: 2 103 rad]s 1: 15 V+D : 1111
Ex:1.6\T_1:] -- 16'7 ms
(b) (i) + I V (ii) +2 V (iii) +4 V (iv) +8 v
t u6s (c) The cosest discrete vaue represented bv
D is 5 V; thus D -_ OlOl. he error is
r : l __ r
-O.] \'r
(b) _ OoOs *0.2l 5.2 x 100 :
. l0_' -4
:1r7'xr-v2 x: l.12
TR'R
Alterativey, ,__l
1n+10-
P: P |P{+P5+...
(4V\2 l /4 \,-!-r14y1, I, P, - ulR _ (O X_ lO ')2 - ,O |
r'
o:0V+D:000
Exercise 1-3
A-_+
'-P Pi
: 2!a| - 2.5 lO4v//vy
10
10logo _ 44 d
o" x x 1000 :
: 2r} : 9.9X0.909 _ g/ IMrl00K
sOO
00l0
8tO V/V
^
"
V.,l v.
.'. Range of voltage gain is frm 49 to 810 V/V
For,:1-'
oi, - 9 * r, : 9X 1 : 9 mV
Exercise 1-4
Ex:1.18
R/.
( +1) ib
ii :
.Rs
'S-,
R'= = : i1,rn+ ( + 1)ibRe
,: i. . ,#k'
lo
- nis,ir+R1
= A. a,.iroL.
:i6lrn+ ( + 1)R.]
Thus. But ,, : , and i, : ii '
thus
,R.Ro
- ,.-s ( l)R"
^ Ri Ro { R, . :y! --
- i,
\J
-- r" +
i ,.tu ib
x: 1.19 - x1.22
Ri f Gain
10 z 6 dB
lO kz 40 dB
10 kz
R6 20 dB
1Mz 0dB
Ri
,,: t,srt-.aR,
R.)
=c,,,#E(Roll
Thus,
-.
"! : Ri .^
G',-.o,(Ro11 R')
l
us
Ex:1.23
ircuit mode1 the
Ex: 1.20 Using transresistance
circuit will be
Ru R, G,
+
Rvv,,
G-V i
i, Rs 1 l +sCt
Ri+RS Ro R
ftus.fvi :
l G- -
R'
o: R.i;,-.*n,
'=?:'-n'-RL
or"&'*-7
.,
o R, Ro
--
D
"'R,.+ Ro
| R, Rs which is of the STC
LP tYPe'
x:2|l' herefre:
The minimum number of teminas required by a V. : G,R(Vr- V')
single op amp is five: two input teminals, one ouut That is he openJoop gain of the op amp
termina1, one terminal fr positive power supply and ;rtr : G,R. For G. : 10 m/V and
one terminal fbr negative power supply.
The minimum number of terminas required by a : 10 wehave:
quad op amp is 14: each op amp requires two : 1O X 10 X O : 1Oa V/V oreqiva-
input terminals and one output terminal (account- lently 80 dB
ing for 12 terminals fr the four op amps)' n
addiion, the four op amp can all share one termi- x2.4
nal for positive power supply and one terminal fo The gain and input fsistance of the inerting
negative power suPPlY. amptitier circuit shown in Figure 2.5 are
: |z- -
U1
t-#:
-o.o2v:-2mv
Thus:
Rz : 10X 10k : 1M
lia : az- al : -(-0.002) : +.002v
Ex: 2.5
:2m
R=10k
o,"^ : !r(- 2mv + o) : -1 mv
- 5V '(5.!
From Table 1.1 we have:
c)
R,' : | . i.e.. oupu is open circuit
: A(2- ) : l](.qg - 1.O2) : -4
,, li |
:()
ad : il2- U : 0.998 - 1.002 : -4 mV The negative input terminal of the op amp, i'e',
R= 10k x:2.7
0.5 m
F-x:2-6
&:
/{r I and&: s
R,
t is a1so desired that for a maximum output volt-
age of 10 V the current in the feedback resistr
does not exceed 1 m.
Therefore
Rf =
'o=u
1 m =+ J !9J
.2
lm
R. >
+ '' l k
Rr : Rr : 0kandn, : : ru
}
is a virtual gound' thus = Q Ex:2.8
- 1V*Y, :,-,):m
i:: t-t
' Rl k
ssuming an ideal op amp, the current flowing
into the negative input terminal of the op amp is
zero. Therefore, iz : i + i2 : 1 m
io : i- iz : - 10mA- 1 m : -11 mA
: (ft)(ff),,- (-ft)" - (ff)*
Voltageain:
y9- *IOv:
lv - rv -l0V/V '.
We want to design the circuit such that
or 2 dB Vo -- 2V{+ V2* 4V3
_-.-l_ _
-10mA - *r0/ Thus we need to have
l, - m
:,
Current gain
(ft)(ff) : l ,n
or 20 dB
ft)ft) ,: +
ower gain : &*--t(-lma):t00,,W From the above three equations, we have io Find
Pi 1VX1m six unknown resistors, therefore, we can arbi-
r 20 dB trarily choose three of these resistors. Let us
choose:
Noe tha power gain in dB is Io "c Ol&l. Then rye have
e hare (reler to the so]ution fexercise 2'9):
R,: T : l:2.5k |': 6V
4
o find he contribution of V, o Vo we set
'Rr 10 '_ 2=Rl _ 5k
(ft)(ff) '_ 2'=" V| _- v' - 0. hen: vo _- 4v2
To find the contribution ol V3 to V, we set
lk
(ft)(*,) -l*0Xl0_-l=R"_
R2 0 V : V: , then
v.
'U - 19 v,
-elk - -ev,
x2.9
Using the supe position principle, t ]nd he con- Combining the contibutions ol V1,V2 and Vj t
tribution of , t the output voltage g, we St V2 = 0
Vswehave: Vo - 6Vt+4Vz 9Vt
9k 'x: 2.11
3k
Vo _-
| ,- R' __ z= _- l=R' - R:
The V* (the voltage at the positive input ofhe op v, Rr (1
V,- fiUt - 1
0.6Vr f : 1 V
V o then it is desired that
ampis:
i:10A.
Thus
Thus.
u": (tnffi)r. : 10x 0.6v1:6v, lV
', _ R, 'R.l -- lA=R,r R, -,1=0V'
lU
To find the contributin of V2 to the ]utput vt-
yl
Rl+R2: lMand
age V we set = 0.
R: Rz+Rl : R2 _ 0'5M
Then v* : -2-v, - 0.4 vz
z- -a
xz2.l2
ence
a)
,, : (, * : X 0'4v2 -- 4v2
ffi)r- 1 R2
Ex: 2.10
vl
,,: ('.ft)r, : (' .
ft)(',
-2)=
I +R,i R,
v) g+ ---_v: (r + Rr/ R')V
3k
^
tO _ 1+R,/R,
' './ --t _ 1 + R2lRr
t*--f
=)G
Using the super psition princip1e. to flnd the con- v,' I + R2lRr + R"/R,
1
tributionof V, V.weset V
_ V l - 0 Then t
A
Exercise 2-4
t*f;
ff : 1O3 then G: 9.901 and
x:.2.14
(a) load voltage
.- G -_l0
IO0 : -0.99o - -1 1k xlV - lmV
Fory/ : 1, Vo: GX V, : 9.9o1 and (b) lad voltage
= 1V
t'--v :vo:
:0.999mV-tmV
=
10"
haeo,o,(
l- 0.0l)
& R4nom(l + 0.o )
l(3not( | + 0.I)= Rr= R:,o,(l - 0.l)
Vo : V+i29k : l +1X9 : 1OV
where R3no- and R4oo- are nomina vaues for R3
and R4 respectively. We have :
' !*:
i,: 1k J
1k
: l,m, R3no- = 2 k and Rarom 200 k, thus,
=
: ir+ i, : 20 X 0.99
_ 2O X l.O1
Ro
X I.ol - Rj - 2xa
io 1114
2
: : ,ol
++ or2OdB
98.02= \=ror.a
,{r
xerci:e ]_5
R.
+--:
1 + 98.02 2Rt
Rl : (5 + 5.005sint)V
otc that the worst case ., happens when
,(op,\mp 3) -_ ',l:"-r-+ R,_ ,,r;-
"' + |0
&: q.zur& _ rc2'02
R]
R. R '.'R: : R+: tk
he diflerential gain Aa f the amplifier
: !un, - ls *
_ 2"' 2
5.OO5 sin.1
C\IRR _ 26
_"1nrl]_ : (2.-5 + 2.5025sint) V
-l..l - z losl92:92
" 0.04 =
C\'RR _ 20lg(255.5) -68dB
: R^/+ R.\
"n tl ,,'d
l0 k(1 * 0'5 M) x O.O|sin
xz 2.16 l k\ 0-5 M()/
We choose R: = Rr and R. = R2 Then fbr the : 1(1 + 10) X .1sinot
circuit to behave as a diference amplifie with
10.l sint V
a gain of 10 and an input resiStance of 20 k
we require
Ex: 2.18
A,-Rt
"R, - loand
R'1 : 2R1 : 20k+Rr _ 10k() and
R, _ A,,R, : 1 X 10 k : 10o k
There1bre, Rr : R., : lk and
Vift) 1r+
Rz' : R : 1 k ,(+)- J,',V,*ld'
x:2.17
Given V,.. - + -5 V
The waeforms for one period of the input and the
V : lsint mv ouput signals are shown belw:
2R1 : 1k, R2 _ .5 M
R: : R+: 10k lv
- l:r^-!lro:5-
1
2
x 'Ol ,ir.
: 5 - 0.005 sint V
- !1r^*
1
1)1t
rr,,O
:5+0.005sintV
(op mp1) _ V,, - 5 - .005sint V
Exercise 2-6
x:.2.20
lms
"
I ms
C:
1
l
(-R
10 dt .01 F s the input capacitance of this
CR : 10 2 s (thetime
I
differentiator.Wewant
-1 ')'l0Xlms constant of the differentiator), thus,
CR
R: 10' :lM
lmsX0.5ms 0.1 F
From equation (2.57),le know that the transfer
functin of the differentiatof iS of the form
r ].1y
Vo(jw) _ iCR
V,(.i',)
-
Thus, for w : 10 rad / s the differentiator trans-
fer function has magnitude
: -90'
For w _ O3 rad / s the differentiator transfer
". -:-: resistance of this inverting integrator is
unctin has magnitude
_:.:::re. R : 1k lY"l = lolx lo
2 : lov/v andphase
-
-. .-: .]esired integration time cnstant lv,l
' .. ,.e have: CR : 10-3 s + : -9"
f we add a resistor in series with the capacitr c
'koS:.1 uF imit the high frequency gain of the ditferentiatr
to 100, the circuit would be:
: - r:lti on (2.5) he transfer function f this
.: l iS:
jCR
: 10 ad / s the integratof transfer
: as magnitude V (+)
1
= , : 100 V/V and phase
l0 X 1 3
4-r=R,: R -lM-
_ l00 lOk
' _.: J.]f,ion (2.53)
the frequency at which the l| 00
- :.-:. : gain magnitude is unity is
- I = --l- - lO0Orad/s
l0
Exercis 2-7
xz2.21
Slope= Ao=104V/V
9Vl(mv)
x2.23
V: V
ctua1 p amp
V'o: '-'
Vto: V,-Vot-V-
whenV*=V-=0then v1
vo: Vt
x2.22 Vra: Vr-Vt
From equation (2.41) we have:
SR : V,s: V*-Vo'-V_
,M : l5.9l5 kz - l 5.9 kHz
fbr the ff-
J
2Vn-u" n order t have zero differential input
set-free op amp (i.e.' V* - V- = 0) we need
with
Using equation (2.42), for an input sinusoid :
fruency f : 5 f Vl : V'-v -Vos : -5mV -5mV
"'themaximumpossible
at the utput Thus. the transfer characteristic V versus 6
is:
amplitude that can be accommodated
without incurring SR distortion is:
\
V,7(rnV)
Exercise 2-8
].]J
' _ ::_lirn(2,44) we have: -+_+_.]aHz
- '. R. - 1"R.
- .,n-\X1M:.1 V x:.2.26
_ _ ---!.1tion (2.46) be aue f resistor Frm equation (2.28) we have:
R.1
z roffi :
6D
8O dB
Open-loop gaitr at .l kHz =
zroffi:60dB
open-lop gain a l2kHz=
z roffi : 48 dB
2o los'],M'
-60
: .]4 dB
kHz
x:2.27
\ R/ \ lk()/
' tr
--------- - l00=R. - I0M The wavefrms fr one period o1 the input and the
.!.1 utput signa1s are shown below:
*-
' - 3 frequency
: of the resulting STC
': -r.:rl'- 1
lv
CRo
:,_ . RC : ms and
: = o=C: .1 F
I
: 1rad/s
(). l FX lOM
F.xercise 2-9
\yr(*)
slope=sR
We hae
^i nls
-20 : --l1 10 dr
CRJ,, tr
:J 20:---!x10x
1
1ms -9X l.6 0. lX l.6
CR '' lV/S
CR: X1ms:.5 *,: 1.28 s
20
f': 2z Vo:_ I/
t, ( ' \- X1 - 2v peak)
vomal\1) '"' s -..r--.-.
-
ence ,
2z
100
x:.2.29
For the input votage step of magnitude V the ut_
put waveform will still be given by the exponen-
tial wavetbrm of equation(2.40)
f w,V SR
ThaisV=S-4=y= JL
2n[,
y .1 6 V, thus, the largest possible input vlt-
age step is 0.16 V.
From ppendix F we knw that the 10 to 90
rise time f the output wavefrm of the fbrm of
D,, _ 35 : 35 x 110a121m;2/s
"*'/,
- : ,
.1Orl)r : 35 X 1081m;2/s
-l
dn j lOs-0-: .^s
lum 2
= : 1'5/cm3
o'--V
LP
Er" -i4 Dn : uV : 1350 X 25.9 X 1 3
-. _'*_ : _,
- :': - :-::it\ e si-Sn indicates that electrons = 35 cm2ls
- , lirection oppSite t E Do : uV1 : 480 X 2_5.9 X 10 3
, ',".
_ : = 12.4 cm2 ls
:-_ |,E
1 Ex:3.7
= ]] '. 1 m : lO-acm
lxl04 Equation 3.26
increase.
s one can see frm above equatin' t
carrier-concentratin (pn) by a factol'f
?(#),.
minority
2' one must lower N, (= l,) by a facto of 2'
w2 =+(H#)"" Ex:3.10
-
: li-
,\'/)
.[ 'o
";; 'ol..",lI
';''
:
quaion 3.28. ,
'r, _ |.45 X 1O-I1
since N1 >> N
: r(ru'u'-\)
=w#: ,,(r&J
.rru":1.45X10
quation 3'29. QJ: : .2 m
^r#+fo)
w - lq.
/va
W since e >> o lx: 3.12
- AqN oW
:
Equatin 3.30, Q'' A
:- --3'' \l'" )'l+ Ob5}
: A"lflNDv Ex:3.13
Ex:3.9 w:
nexample3'5' : 1Ol8icm3 and
:- -J91+i\lo'* -L-
jO8la + 2l
No : 16/cm3
juction dide
i *"r '" lorn/
n the n_region of this pn
: 6.8 X 1O-5 cm : .608 m
nn : N: 1l6/cm3
Using equation 3.29
.. :
n,' _ (1 .5 ,< lO")2 __ 2'25 , l a/cm]
o,: oo(##J*
l' --.j-
n ln
Exercise 3-3
Ex:3.16
= !,i_j X 1-6 X 1O_19t#$ X 6.08 X l_5 cm quation 3.51
: 9_63 pC , L2^
r _L{
o : 1016/cm3
ilrrli 3.zE,
Assuming No >> N
:'4 T7 1'o: 25 ns
2s x lo-'q_)o.t
...c.:
" r x to-r
\zs.q x to-r/
: 96.5 pF
('--#)(#')
3"1pF:
m;n 3.47
- Cto
l{.:-
;; Vo
'n
_r.f 10'12
-
t- 2
,,' OS14
: -2 PF
f,b f,-15
(- _- cQ L'-,
_
,J'- dv' '
:
$'. x r1evl - 111
: :-ls'dv'
!'u'u'- l'1
: -. L
' -' "u'u,
: '" "au,u,
'_
=') l
t -,
rercise 4-1
(c)
Ex: 4.1
Refer to Fig 4.3(a). 1br V, > ' the diode
con-
Thus
ducts and presents a zero ltage drop'
V o : V For V, ( O, the diode is cut-off' zero
t
cuffent flo\/S through R and V6 : 0 ' The
: 0+51
Ex:.1.3
.to- i,, _ 10v _ l0 mA L5
R 1k :2mA
1^
dc component of ro = -o
1: -
_Ll
-
1
-5
- - l
l
: 3.18 V
(e)
3
xz 4.4
(a) 2 Vo:3
1V
2.5 k
5-o:2*A
2.5
v:0v
1k 'f'
t: 5-1 1
(b) 4mA
+3V
+2 7:lV
ko
2.5
+lv
Ex:4.5
;. *.r
.
R _ 10k o
- :3 '.1oc(f) -->
+
-:"eraure V, : 25 mV VCC_ 5 vD
- rrx2sx10'"'"*(#)
Vr_V,:2.3XVrlogl'\
/
Vz: V.2.3 v.og(b\
\t,)
First:iteration
' l ]/o 25
- 1] _ X lO ') ,:5*0'679:0'432mA
-
x l0_: lnr 'l 10k
!t 2.5
\6-9 x ro '''l r,o*[o''132)
v2 - o.i + 2.3 x 2.s.3 x to '\ 1 l
= r.\
- 0.679 V - 0.68 V
-: . ],l ,/ OX lO 1\ we get almost the same votage
69 X il'/ .'. The iteraion yields
D - o.43 m, V, : 0.68 v
b. Use constant voltage drop mode
V D _ 0.7 cnstant votage drop
jJ
l^
" - 1_-
I0 k
- .4_] m
Ex:4.11
.i
lv
_-lu
Imo
' . : ^: ::1 erse leakage current doubles fr
'
't] jncrease, at 4"C
-- .:4A
-]XlM:4.0v
,':1u
4'
x1 : 0.2.5V
;ui J li'l
-: .3:lt1on
- : - ,, ,- ]
V drop at 1 m current.
Dides have 0'7 V drop at 1 m
, .*.,-- - 0.7V .'. 1m: /-se
o'1/V
: rro'' V, _ 25 mV
.,k
16
:: -::. rn J.5 and note that =.: 1i - 6.91 X 1
- -\'. 1r _ 1m
xercise 4_3
:
.*(:s
' t''
: se
V
' 6.9t X l0 'o
'"e
: 54.6 m
^-
10-2-4
545lO-t
2.5 k
+'r# :1.72m1^
:139
-5V
xz 4.|2 (e)
(a)
3V
5V
2 v:3*0.7
:2.3
2.5 k '# :7.72mA 1V
V :0.7
(0
(b)
5V
t
1:oAt* 2.5 k +3V v-1+0.7
:1.7V
+2
+
+1V
I
T v_5
Ex:4.13
= V,
" o
25X10 3 :250
(c)
/p : 0'1 mA fa:
O.1 X 1'3
1o:lmA f=
2570-3 : 25
lX1''
10mA
25X l0_] 4 (
1o f,---".,")
" 1 X |O_'
:0A
x:4.14
For small signal model, using equation 4.1 5
-5V D
: -' r'uo
"
^^
- b.^u^
V,
(|)
Exercise 4-4
: l:,:1:nia mde1
b. For V, : 3 \'. iage drop across each
dide_ : o.zsv
4
: i l]/vr vlv''
vt\ -
ia: re
vlvT
= :-: ir, : iore - iot r: #^ - --j___-] :4lx l nA
jt I_ ,
,o'7525.l
. t) \2) "
c. lf iD_ 5-i':5-1:4m
' :-'.:mi:l:lm
crss each diode the oltage dop is
: :'__:inS (1) and (2) results and using
:
_
x:4.17
5.6 V
0to 15 mA
-.:::blem * 2OmV
i,' - t m
- ro,
'-' . ::.j1 si_qna resistance f the ur diodes The minimum zener cuffent should be
- il 5Zk:5X1 _ 5m.
--.-- Jjde ,',.4 20 : 5 ()
Since the load cuent can be as large as l5 m,
- we should select R s that with = 15 mA, a
zener curent of 5 m is available. Thus the cur_
_;_ .. _ 25mV
" rent should be 2 mA Leading to
: 15 5. : 4-70 dL
2 m
," _ "
]5 3 : 2.4k Maximum po'er dissipated in the diode occurs
-< m,\ when 1.= Q i5
P...: ]X 1
]X_,.6: 112mV
Exercise 4-5
Ex:4.18 Ex:4.19
15V
t no lad Vz : 5.1
FR LNE REGULATON
a. The diode starts conduction at
" = Vo: 0.7 V
u, : V5sinot, here V, : 12[2
Att:
ur: Vrsin : vD: o.'7
12J1sin : 0.7
: sin _( 0'l 1 -- ,.o"
: o : y
\tzfil
Line Relati on 33.s
i 200+1 Cnduction Starts at and stops at 18 -
(_)
l
b.oo.u"e:
* | rvrsin-V,)d
;
: 2'
=!_[
- y..os - Vo lt _ ; '
vro
: lIy.cos - /rcos( - 1 - Vo( _ 2)1
2' '
rz But cos - 1, cos(' - ) - _1 and
-2 -
2V, VD
"o.a8 2 2
Vo : -,'r, : vt -vo
1
' l m
For v, : l2"D andvD : o!7
rffiV
- -/;A 0rt - 0.7
uo^un : j-:-l:
'z ? :- 5.05 V
Exercise 4-6
,,=-tr,s:0rt : 2( ._ 2)
* ,oo
-,-\' 2
2[ - 2sn (j+
['-' 4"]{
____ x
2;s t00
- 97.4
verage utput oltage yo is
otput ,. -\ vv)-.t\_,
z-_',o_-_2x12,[2
- -.7 - lv
f 0.
l. ( _ ll
I
''L
*r, (75sin@_v,)dl
'r
Vo.u, __
f
||J|vrsn
_ 2Vil d
1
: )
Vrcosl _ 2V
- - 2'I- o1 _',
'1
-
But cos 1
cos(-)--
' :,.k .-L"r, occers when @
a
-2:
r:* 1t/
Clrrent
=Vo',r: "s -2Vrt
' \''sin(l2)-Vo : !s-Va
n 7'1 11 t1
'-.:s12V(rms)
j,:- l';: "Dxz: nrt
rercise 4_7
ot =
(b)
Dl
/
Jo, r V,,
Substituting fbr r v/e gt:
'
t
lll
. V,, R: C
aD.
t-
l\r
_ 11'
J.
+
a ,s 4 V,,
i l
- Since the output is approximately hed at Vo
D2 v
;!:/..rhus:
v,, ionu:'|!!nl |
\
\''
rv ,
_ l,lr
'l P;l-1 o
' ' 2V -
f , = 0 iS at the peak' the maximum diode current
l2 + ccurs at he onset of cnduction or at 1 r. :
During cnduction, the diode current is given by:
it- ir*i',
The ripple voltage is the amount f discharge that .
D...*:a^d ,.
n''
occurs when the dides are not cnducting. The 7j
utput olage is given by:
- llRC assuming l. is consl. ,, - _ ,'
0:
.
vPe '
- c!,V. cos} f 1,
d |'
v,,- v,. :
Tt2
R' '
ve discharge is nly
: -Csint.'lVo*,
half the period.
: -Csin(-t) V,, *
v, _ v,,(
' -, fbr a small condrction angle
sin( -r) : -r. Thus:
Ttz Tt2
e
Rc-1
RC lD,ru, : Cr lV u 1
2x1
-li., - ! '''.
\,' - -
il
l 0._]6
] ltz..D. 2 .< 0.8
,v r rad : 2O."7"
- r''i,fr] aED The average and peak diode currents can be calcu-
lated using equations (4.34) and (4.35)
/
/n"o ,\ : l|1 + 2 #)
- 2.74 A
V of he dides
- ys V : l2J' - O.8 : 16.2 v
To keep the safety margin, seect a dide capab1e
ofa peak current f3.5 t 4 and haing a PV
':::: ltage, o, cabe expressed as rating of 20 V.
- ',
- - 2V o61e-'tRc
x:.4.24
:: : .i the discharge interval
--.. 2Voo V,) i+
- :.' -.]ge ccurs almst oer half f the time
,--] A1
. 1
_ I
2RC
-^- ,*t 1K
_ 2\' V, _ T ,. 1 \
(V
o - zv oo1( - -^-l
2 RC)
.r
_|Vu-2VD't;a The diode has 0.7 V drop at 1 m current.
1
1m
6 1o )
= D - ,, ,-lt
yr1n] l 0.7 v
: ] _ : X .8) X
mA-----g-J
. ,. r :|1399
*')* . :
= : l-2x0.8: 1.5.4v ^ _- 25
" x t 'tn[lo
lm/
O.58 V
_::.: 11xgg is included the output vltage is
V_-1mV
=:.:-2X.8 L:'o.nu
2 : 0._58 : .01
]. --']rent without taking ripple vtage into : 0.59 \'
- _.'-:in - 12 1' - 2 x0'8 - Forz', - 11-
. l.5
100 a -\
Exercise 4-9
Forr-5V
: ' 1)6 -
lp:-
l :1m
Diode D1 conducts and
:0" 7) -_
1
x 4.25
-(cs*'')v
\'' ) )
x 4.21
peak output
Reersing the diode resuts in the
oltage being clamped at 0 V:
1l,} -diodeiscutoff
,, _ V
load
1l, { O - dide conducts and opamp sinks
cuffent.
erethedccmponent of o: V : -5\'l
ilo:
x:,4.26
l k
D2
D1
+
5V 5V
+
l k 1 k
and .,,, : l,
rercise 5_2
: + 3.5 V. w
-'- 7)c
l - 0.72
18m
- ,^
Uo1)c+l-4.-5v. O.
Ex:5.8
o _ _ 1u60
),,c,,'YrrbrO.3 2 1000
])
_' '
J.|/!
From Exc. 5.9, Vcs : 0.8 V, V - V,
ou
- 0.-5
'
Vs: V=R,
v"J -v t the tride/saturation boundary
1.5
V _ Vov _ .3 V
.S.t
b
_- l.s - (-2.s)
.'. l{: : 1.8 v- o.-l v
.3
12 A
Rs : 3.33 k Ex: 5-l I
Ro: l2.4x2:24.8k
-
ll t/
v t) 2.5 0.4
= 7k
n " DD
V cs : 5 V, ssume triode
" o .3
region:
Ex:5.9
+ 1.8V
o :
f, - l,(s lvDS
+)
= - 8.8yDs + .4 : 0
Vs
1^ - 5 0'0_s _ O.2m
" 24.8
Ex:5.12
/r, : 0'5 V'
s indicred in Exampe 4.5,
: .4 m / V o 2 V V, fbr the transistor to be in
nCn', tr/]
saurati n region.
"
xercise 5-3
rM
]]11l|l' m l
i.-1',:5-1:4V Ex:5.15
:
= ." ra r D _
vDD *v Dmin 0: Since he circuit is perfectly
symmetrica Vo= oand therefore Vc.s O which
']li]ill D max =
D implies the transistors are turned off and Ip,
=
'- |11]1 - : 12 k np = o.
t :
] _:
V 2.5 V: f we assume thd the NMOS is
tm s"i$
turned on, then u, would be less than 2.5 V and
= ,!l ::-\ :
/,lffi,,, l)i
.ainj,,= -8v
o" : )t'"f {v - V, )'
]1lll = lt- : r.8 v 'xlxV ",
m:-=i-_'__: l-.: 1.6 + 1.8 : 3.4 V
,ffiirll" : 3.4 M,
l
_i{
rffi 1.6 M
then R, _ 5-3.4 = 5k
or: )x\z.s_ Vr_ 1)'
0.32
1r,:0.5(1.t- rr)'
Also: 7, : Rr
," :
1.8 V 1o
o"
1rr: O.5(1.5_ 1oD)2
{,"
-
-2.sv.---l
}l
il1
iil = 25
+ l002o" - 32
o" + 2.25
: 1r,
=:'-." ko_5.56mA/V2
O =+
,,[, ; .} m : 0.104 m
iw
r,,; = -,'l^ - V: -1.0 v : - 1.8 + IDR oo: 0,Vo: 10 X0.104 : 1.O4V
,lliu,'l = " i \'. for Vo, : -0.6 V V t : -2.5 V: Again if we assume thd
Op is
= : 1 m
turned on, then > -2'5 V and V651 < O which
''' 0.
:*,1 implies the NMOS is turned ofi
Q7
ir = {"l- [o= o
Exercise 5--4
Ex:5.17
: : !xl
\"!(Vro - ly,l)' 2 vro
",
x (u{ + 2.5 - l1t
, _2
Vs : -l0or+2or: (- 0D + .))
=+ p -- 0.104
m ) V o : -10 X .104
:-1.4v -.rO__l
Ex:5.16
Voo
V, : 0'4 V'
7p, : 1.8 V.
ln : 7J95
Vo, : .6 V.
k'=0.4mA/V2
w:10
'
l'o: 1'8 v RD : 17.5 k
RD _ 17.5 k (a) Vo : 0.2 v.,
V, : 0'4 V' _- k'v^":8O0/V
om nL
k": 4mA/V2
forAu:- 8'R: -10, make
:0
(A) Cutoff/Satrration Boundary
Rp : 12'5 k
:.Vov:0.143 V'
35&r- 27n, + 3.4 : 0
cs : 0.54, :0-04 m'
ucs : 0.613 V', 0'1585
ups : 1'l V'
o: 9o'7 Ex:5.18
: 0.213. *Vor:5V
Vou: 1.4.
Vo|c, : Vor.r= v
ffir:
18 mV'
Exercise 5-5
M1,, : _] v.
ilr, : lm'/v2
It =
t*': * r.o,
*., :
f
1
.'.
ll
R----->.. 8^
Ex:5.20
Voo
oo:|'r'
D
i,f..
R', :
m'E'fr.{-,__
', 500 k
r- as
Jl.&Mfi:5:knvovRD
'
-.__-.
J- acs
d
*, :}_l| Rc
U_ Uo
*: ]6Rin : 13 M
*
i#, : Voo: 5.
|!t"u;)n"
V6': 2'
'- i*- rt-r,' :
11[
12.5 V6u
Vr:lV,
* :0
r, : *'oo- V, - oRo : 4.3 - 12.5 vov
n : 2o A/V2
,#i:, ff4ris : 0-19 v.
R: 10
flh: A/V
-119
:z
fi = rt*s k L
1l^= L'*-*V, (a)Vcs:2V+Vor:1.
a- 26i<vt lo : : zoo
ffi' = )lr'Yrv'o,
- Vs:Voo-oRo: +3v
lfrl < m.
,,';|".
o:27 (b) c- : u'uou: 40o A/
h5.!'
: '!':-
(c) , r-Ro: -4
ug"
o:
)lr,1v"r-V,)'
+ kn(V cS _ V t)s, +
\"!,
io : 2 A + (8 )sin
+ (8 )sin2or
Exercise 5-6
F,xz 5.24
= [2 + 80 sin'
+ (4 - 4 cosr)]A
: Lr,,{Vro - 1V,1 )'
1, shitlsby 4 A "
: !x6X-L9X(l.6-l)
.l
?,, 4
2D: , -: *l :
U.
O.0557l
' D : 2|6 A
Ex: 5.21 :' 2o - 2x2|6 : 720 /
, ,W'^'': !xo
v nv
2Io "" 1.6-1
| g, : r*'": --l- ^ 2
0.72 rnA/V
x 4 X (l.5 - 1)-
1
_1: I :25Vim
= 0.04 + Va - .4
/o : 30 : 0'3 mA'
Vy = 0'5 V
v^L : 25x0.8: 92.6 k
. - 2x0"1 : l.2mA/V.
ri .5
r,, : -!;-
1D 0.216
Vo:9:50k Ex:5.25
r'' '] 2lo u 2Vo
"_ 7-
vA
,' '' :
Vo
-
-
|1
'--^ w
8
'"r v D -
- 8. =
'
:ffi
/o = 0.5 m ]2"{ ''r'1 V'oxL: VA
o v t) 5 X .8
, : 0.8 m + ,, 0.2
8. : 1'55 m/v
: 100 V/V
r,, -C
Vo
-- 11 : : Ex:5.26
0.5
(5.10) :
-8,,(R, il to)
A,,o
x 5.22
(5.'7 Ro _ R, li ',
8, : 7 mAlV, k" =
50/V2
: o.t fA,
2o 20.1 - 0.2 V
/tr
o:-1v ' r,
1
V nu
2o
|,'W',2
^YL
o = 1r"uov-
_
k"vrou
- )u _:
2X.1 lO
x 0.2
10
Ex:5.23
R,
8,,,
: 'C,,"V, Same bias cnditions'
s
A-- -^
_ ''
loo * R1
PMOS '' cS
L and g"' for both
same Vy and a1so same R.
andMoS. = -8",Ro6fr,
: l"uCo"W, *l2: o.4:Wo : rril R)
VnCu.,W n ,, !.r,: -g,,(Rli R.) -8,(Rr!|
^Yt
- w, : z.s
same as (5.75)
.xi 5.27
r RD R
8mgs 20K
Exercise 5-7
R," -_ a: R"," - 0
= fl' \:
8.:10m/V
#::k
91
=
_
J 2o 2n
^ i"=:
8^: V v
,--!- +1r: 1 .,4
7-J
:-(-
:]mS
0.2v.
ru
Gr,:uo:=Ls,Ro
Uri Rsig + R'n
-*''r."-q,:1v' : 2^ 2 + D : l.25 m^
l'. --+ z
Ex: 5.31
*]S CD (surce follower)
_ 5m!
+ g-R' :
Rnu:2O0: L-r.:5m/V
-
] _ g.Rs 2 mv
_t
6m
: n-s k
: o''uov : (0.4 mA/21
'frffr
'.
R.)
(f).r' vl+f : s
t - - g.(Ro ll _20
l*g.Rs 4 -5
* ffir$*. : 1V. lo : : o.zs
)l,'"rvf,u ^
G,,: 8'.R
" | * g.R,.
for| K<R.<1K
.83<Gv<0.98
xercise 5_8
Ex:5.32 Vr_Vrr_-_2_(_5)_6k
,
"s l-) 0.5
+Rs:6.2k
f we choose R, = R, = 6'2k then 1' will
slightly change:
":'X1X(vcs-1;2.A1so
Vcs : -Vs : 5 - RslD
2o : (- 6.2)2
+ 38.442D - 51.62D + 16 : O
1 : O'49 m,0'86 m
0.86 results in V. > O or V,) V,rwhich is nt
#k"
1,, =
A.,,o: oulo,,--: acceptable' therefore 1, = 0'49 m
: -5 +6.2x .49=-1.96v
ro Vn:5-6.2x0.49=*1-96V
l1\o M t
f t
I R. should be selected in the range of 1
-6m 10 M to have low current.
Ex:5.35
( Yo)
.l^/ l, W-.2 ''2
: /, - 0.5 nA -_
)k"|vb=}
vov
A () ------L
() -()
- _ 0.5x2:1=
1
2o _ , 'V,,ul
l
2'v(, 2v-j
Vou:1V+Vcs:1+1:2V
\-
tbr Vo : 20 V.
/
--Vn)Rr:;_-6k
A1- __ O.qq - _-r_
Vlv
V,, _ '4 V' + Ro : 6.2 k{t standard value' For this R"
1 l we have to recalculate d,:
4ou'
Ex:5.33
":'X1X(ycs-1)2
o: \',YrV
or - V )' .5 mA :\{v""_ RDD-|)2
: + :0.49 m
Vor: 2. { -
6.2 D)2
"
F=1.5Vthen: V : 5 - 6.2x 0.49 : 1'96 V
r^ _- 1
'D x l(2 l.512 = O.l25m Ex:5.36
2
Using Eq.4.53:
O.5 - .l25 -- 0-75 -_ (w/L\,
- ,, 75
- ,ur|#ij,loro _ '5X:
I
0.5
Ex:5.34 ) nr : 0.1 m
D - Voo_Vo-5-2 _ 6k
D 0.5 D lntr : o. _ \* (i),vu - ' u
+Rp:6'2k
_ _ ' l
}
Y Vb,
- 0.1 2 : 0.25='Vo: O.5 V
'" \o"vbu+o.s .8
'+Vou: \ Vcs:vo+vt:1-5V
+Vcr:Vor+Vr:1+1:2V +t./-: 5l 1.5: .1.5V
- ' (;
9tzr: -2
Exercise 5-9
I'
-- "ov - 0.5 v
t/ : v. : 150 k()
- 'n
'o ! D
;,1"-
For r, --)
;t
Rin _ R" : 4.7
It
For r, : 150 k, R. : 15 k
: \''YrrL" V,,v
_ 1.O v. R'" : 4.7 M
A'o -- -8-(Rnll rr) : -13.6
r5K
Uns : 7'o : Vor* 1,
= 2.5 + Gv(o.4 P )
8^g" D
- lOv
g-----4
:2.5V +
-R- : +15
- 1m/V 9mrogs ro
G
% ---o
+
\/o _ 4.0 v. S
ii
RJ
I ('l) () _ ",-:!!L
' RD-rolRs
: ,1 ^ -t
R.*ro*Rs
"RD -rn-Rr(l l g.r0\
(3)uo: \
8.r R o
Rn _ r _ R'(1 i 8',ro)
\\'e \\'an
Exercise 5-1 0
Ex: 5.41
nl 1 |
-t.l _'
U'
l, |Rr:
using (3)
" n
8'ngs
Rin
-8-roRo _ 1 - g.roR
(Ro+r)+Rs(l + 8ro) 3 Ro * ro
^
2(Ro 16) : 21s_5 k
' 1 I g,nro
R, :
basedon 15 , r : 15 K,
g,:1mS
Ex:5.40
8^: 1mi V
r _ 150 k
R'n : Rc
8u,o
z,o
| - 8.'"
, : 8",\rr ll R.l
^u e'o] )
1 rr
^
:6nl | ,o
.-
a)
f.J ro : 150 k
8n, _ 1m/V
For R.,, : 50 Rin 4.7 M 47M
t' _ 1 : lk 4,. .0 0.993
6nl
0.932
tn,, : R : 15 k
4,, 0.938
^ : R,n
: ',:
;J^' -
U, .l G,,
+
'l (b) 0.768
''x5.42
See the next Page
For other R"r*
R.ig Gv
1k 3.',75
1 k .68
10 k 0.07
Exercise 5-1 1
W, s',o*'nfz;vu*ffil
=
IW, = 0.8 + O.4[ J + 3
- J'll
r= [j
Exercise 5-12
Ex: 5.43
V.,.: *1YV. : -2V
.-y,:3v
To OPERAE N SAURTON REGON:
VDs- min - V-.-V,::lV
J
io: )"Yr{V"r-V*)2
:lxzxJ2:9m
2
i
Exercise 6-l
1r. tu
lsa : : 10
- 10-18 A
= - ( B'T
10
: ) - usrn Q_ll
.01 1_'6
L1J : : ,sh
= ,] mV
vtt V-n
' &l
La"-l [14]
: 25 x 29.9336
= _} - zsln !!_l
L1l : 748 mV
= a5! rnV
Ex:6.6
- m-]l V6r^: -|5
{,s { -""
150
15 + 1
, < .3
= f,"- ,
*]iii.ffis1 m-\
-0'01446 m
illL,rltffi m_q,
4rr
- l.JJ6 : 099
][r :'_4]5o
4r.- -$t6:,*
4 li ftl_J6
u3, : 690 mV
- f, 'l 'r 16': lmA
- ,l]].
ff
-5-.69 1
: 4.31 k
Ex 6.7
1s : 10'15
rea.: l00XArea,
1r. : 1 X 1s : 1_13
Ex:6.8
VB'V VsC'vT
lc:1se '
-SCe
fori.:g
vB'vT . VBc'|l
'
lS : sc
, V/ V
SC e
m-" - : 10' c : 1mA l, - uta'ut
ll
lilfi * .il
- r,.[r +
]]
: r(u', Vc\i
|--xerclSe o-.
x:. 6.12
:.V c : V ,, - V,c: ,.' ['f]
For colector Area : 1O x Emitterrea
l_i] -
l001 l15mV
Vc:25|n
Ex:6.9
vo' vt v^c/vl
ic:seo''-sce"
sovr'u' '' u'
i."
- rrru"
,,,,."o: !l
,a|*o
<
- Vgr VT '
B|,VT
^ lc -sc
''
+ B rre
,'B'
- \Vg
vBC\/vT
_ Fig6'12
re " /sL :
- ^
P : 10O, V"u : o'8 V at . 1 m
ts( -tr"", --
:1;, , /s.
V urr' V : Vr|n | gr/ 6'l
-.Sal/v
^ e'"
'_Sc/S : 25 0.693 : 0'1733
y y^_si/ y-
'-Brr/' .'.Vsz: 0.817 V
e"
p. __ Vcc: Vc _ l.5
.(' -
.5 k
:
200/25
n,"" 10o - 10
EC 2
7#" + 1;1 :50
: 0.2219 :22'2
^ Vrr-V"'
100
_- -(ts
Ex:6.10
':
, Vg/VT
-:g - l.5 0.817 x
2
51 / v :338
2m -- ,o_ nv
50
Ex: 6.13
Vs: ,n''l
2srn
[4 " H, +10v
650 mV
c : r: !xz
+1
1.96 m
" :S:
* 39.2 A
Ex: 6.11
,: r"uu''": l.5A
!.V : V. ln[1'5 10-1]
-10v
: 25 x 25;734
: 643 mV
Fig 6.13
: 50' Vg5: 0.1
V: Va-0'7v
Exercise 6-3
: -0.7 Ex:6.15
-7'+ l0
m!
l
: .91 m
ffi
imr _-91 _5
ftfisv
: l
r '
p
Ex:6.16
_ f
&M
r_7
:. iC : piu + k as in Fig )
ro
QED
Exercise 6-4
x:6'11 c _
vrr-vc
VA (V) Rc
,o_
h ()
- 1-5
10
10
Vs _ Vs+ R
ro 100 1
1)OO1 0J01 l : 0;7 + 10 x 0.01
: .8V
ro l6 1O5 t4
(b) edge of saturation zl., : '3 V
ro lM l00 k 0 k
,- -- l0 -0..l _ 9.7
'( - O.97 m
lOK 1
,x: 6.20
_lo 0
Vru: rl V'u_'l1 1
+ 10v
Fig 6.8
By similar triangles BD AC
l-Ic k
ro LV rt
vc
D AD rl'. lm - l00 l l
C A ;r 100 + 11
-
:1Xll110 :1.99m
:1.1 mA
Ex:6.19
Fig 6.20
F Vr6 : 0
s: 0
Transistor is OFF
6 : 0
:.
Vc : Vcc- cR..
: +l-0
: +l0v
Rc:lk,:50
(a) active Vc : 5 V
Exercise 6--5
x:6.
+10v
* ]\'
/c
$l vc
*-|'c
'a vE
*0
li]]':
- l. Vt: Vt-0.1
= 0.1 m
IM :4-0.7:3.3V
1l [:_{L\ _ 3'3v :6.6k
R":
.5 m
$ lid]
>r{ru 90-ctive)
Vr: V'+2
:4 + 2: +6V
:rr69:0.3V
_-_ p^ : Vcc- Vc
t-0.3 : 'I
- 5
1.94 k
* 10_6:8k
,(,,-
4.7 k
*[Nv
{
0.2 v
3.3 k
ii*: \'
$.o oa
po.""d: 5
:, Then , -- 5 g
r= 6 "
Eg 6.22
m ;,;5 : 0.3 V : 5x4.7+6x3.3
1 * 0.2
* ,i-: - R :0.226mA
n ffi.i * _] V":6,3.3
:4.48
lL:
: 1.]25 m Vur: V, * 0.1
iJ
1i'.
*
: 5.18 V
{*
{ jj-0.7
Exercise 6-6
E;xz 6.21
x 6.25
+1v
+10v
+5V Rc
2k
10 k C
v
+0.7
- 0.4 v >- 0.3
+0.3
-
Rc
k
50<<150
-1v n actie range
I - 5_ 0'7 : .O43m
10 K
vr:0
lowest for largest
%: +0.7V V,-
,: ": 150 X 0'043 A
- 10-0.7
2 : v^--o.3
:4.65 m 15 X 0.043
, -- 0'99 '
: 1.5 k
For : 5
^ 1-.4+0.7
:
0.99 x %: 1 - 50 X 0.043 : 6'78V
For : 150
4.65
:2.2k :
+.3 v] V. 0.3 V
[Vlmax):0+0.7-0.4:
Ex 6.28
x:.6.26
+15
+1
Rc
5k
-10 v :50
vrr:1l:5
n: r,
: 9.3k : 50ll 1
R,: !'" : 10/3 k
V,:V,-4 v"u-vt"
: -4 , = ( + 1)]
R+ LRBB/
p- - 10-4:6k
'' _ 4.3
^
"J+-'-10
1
1
.l 51
: 1.18 m
Exercise 6-7
_ tr. 5C)
_ 1.l5 m
Ex:6.31
51
ON 1k
] .-uent drawn
@+
=: ]1_1 + 1.252 + 2.'5 mA
= l .':5 mA , _1 5 -0.7 < \/
0v
r''r'::Consumed : V X
'az 1 1116 x l ''yu_(-lR
: 15 x
1
4.135
: .39 mA : (-)3'e4 V
-62mW : -394
Ans: V'
0l fuil
E.xz 6.32
i +1sv
J, n +5V
:-5 c,:/r,Satn
_. Y
__{ . +1
o
: ( + 1)1,
:-r I l0 k - /
v : 7.0] m x sat'
,,{ g
+
OFF k)
i-0
rr:0
*5V v
. @v":7.03 x I
illl liil:
: 7.03 V
]]il!,n. il[-lj:[]i:
_l
) 5 .'. Saturation
iiilln,." ll]]ru.'e,c
-,_:-0.7V
v, _ v+o.7 \/ ^v cc - o'2
ilrlll1t1*
- '1
illi]t =-" ' -o'7
1r :5.5V :4.8V
- I
, - 10-5.5
,lili
,,
{1
' 1, + 4.8 mA
a_-l
1^^1
l0
2.7 ) : 0.45 m
: - l
v---0.2
ll":_ * l: 2.7s +
@1cru,l -
Ex:6.38
A,' : - V c' :
_V cc - v/V +5 V
T 'o:!-r,
.025
V
-.]2
R"
)Vc:10-8:2.V l0 k
R^_ l0_vC _ -2:8k 1m
' 1m l
0
: l00
V,-, Swing : 2.0 - 0.3 : 1.7 V vb"
lF
A',:LVc_- 320 : 1.7 v"o
" V'' V
'"
+ ]V,.| : #": mV
o : , - lm :4mi
5.3
nl v 25mV
V
Ex: 6.34
;lC Au:b:-g^Rc
ub,
Given: g-
I
aV :-4 X 10
"r1.
'1c: C
: -400V/V
But 1. : ,2''v' Vc: Vcc- cRc
-15-1x10:5V
hus '- : r"'''u' Nc(O:VC+CQ)
d
V vr : (Vcc - gRg) + Au6nG)
', _ (15 - 10) - 400 X 0.05 sinr
: , :5-2sinr(r)
v
ib!) : B + 6"G)
_10 + 2 sin r ()
Ex:6.35
o :.-::
^ .5 m _ 20 m/V Ex:6.39
v 25 m
Ex: 6.36
C -- 0.5 m (constant)
:5 :200
0.5 m
m
o::
vT 25 mV
: 20 mA/ : 20 m/V
. ' .5 _ 0.-5
5O
:10A :
200
Note: g,, : C
r" :
!.
u-n
2.5 m VT
,n:-:
50 * 200 g1en ,c : i _ ('r")i,
N 20
: 2.5 k : l0k : r"8.1( uu
\ -ro )
: 8
'"no
Ex:6.37
: 10 c: lmA
:- 1mA : 40 mA/V
rn1 25 mv
*1][l
t: *:39'6m/V
$ -*" :
{lils l'
t'-
fo:
? x: 1O1 :1 k
X
'-; vo
I Lbl
tl Ec RL
Q.
To
l"
ys
t
tllMm
i'
''n
-. l]
- l{l
: r.ll Rg ', *
,t
-
- " l-5
- Rr_&'-)s'o| Rc| R,)
;1.4_
: 1
39.6 (3.s5) : -76'2/
;a(-)
l4
ro|l R, | R
Rcl R, - 3.85
4.
thus effect f r is - 3.9o
ilffi.
* i] \_ x6.4t(2)
M
Avo : -.vol Rc)
Ro : lroll Rr)
*: i\-
t sk
,
-JF---o v
Au: R,
' -8^RoV*
vt RI+RL
_ _8^ , . RnR,
" 4;;
: _, v lroll R)n,,
"'l|-1+
: *8.0ol n. n.)
l
I x:6.42
lrr' For1.:1,,a
lmr
rrA ^ :_ c -lm : 40 m/
ffi " : aO;
][
:iq9 rn: : l0: 2.5k
rMllr
g- 40
]m1- . il:2.18v
,o : : ]-a9 : O k()
sl l"t9: -0.99 C
- -0.1
1
5
6.42 (cont.) +R -1x5 - 0l -.35k:35
t- Rt :L O
: 2.5
: :40.a k
U Rs + R 5+2.5 3 Rr 5 k + ( + 1)o.35
7o .oo :
U| : -32.5l (rol R. I Rt) lo0 l0
Gv: -'
97.6
t,|{- U5 | -!3 - R^ l0 + 4.4
: - V/V
: : 19.8
, - 1:5.k " - o _
l00
4o
__ 2-5k
ln
20
: 19.5 X 5
#t-^ 500 + 25
|\' 5 + 9.5
: 0.5 V/V
: -65.6 V/V
Ex: 6.45
G,, : ''o __ l , os. : Rs:
_.12.8 V/ 50
'r"2 v. 25mV
R: ": - tO
!'_ 5 = - l=.ig - lOmV :
u5 5+5 2 + :25/50: 0.5 mA
l?,rl :
:0.33v
:z.X 1Om Avo: *LRc : 205:10v/v
Ex: 6.43 Gv: 1x',: 40 v/v
2
x 6.46
i,: i
Rst"
N
R,n.: : fnl(+l)RE
b
v, _ &.-." l_!_']f&
vn r
R" R"- P nsert 30
-1+--i+
r r./ ( + )
'
it' : !)-: and o: 2'V nR7
r
:1+&*RqED (g-V l i)R'
re r . U;_
'' r
s
- l00:1+1+-,r=,
- 1o 5-lll
R : - '" +(] l)R
l6
Exercise 6-1 1
7, : 0.995 _ 0.984,
,oo
1-
0.91 V/V : 1'7
Ex:6.48
il:: : -ll V
l
0.3 v
$*.
1r{
Rc
* :_6T k
ffii .4.
2.4
lffi|
#41
* [
\' R
l- l-
: ]. m
: 10
0v
ili} Vc: V+o.4+2
* 1.,i
'_i 98-1 m : +2.4
R.:Vcc-Vc
'll - 10-2.4 :7.6 : 7.6 k
1
F
'_-ll:-o
I
-
1
xercise 6_t 2
t Ex:6.52
Example 6.5
i*.
)
-{
R,}
o-f- Q,
,",o
I
-v -V _
_10 R,:lgk
R,-: 7.5 k R, ::o: 2.5 k
u: r/(+1):/|00 lt,
: -r19V/V
_ ls..] - 19.3 k : r1l Rc : 100 8: 7.4k
-'^ Vrc_0.7+V
R
Av : - g,n('ro li Rc)
|I
1*,,0 1
_ 40 x'7.4 _ 296 l
Ex: 6.51
Refer t Fig E6.5 1
'-RrlR^nuur;"
^R,",R,
1. : (1 m): 1 m
1a : 0'0l m
2.44 /|ol- .5
v'c - l.4v)
Exercise 6-13
with:
J.*: s+20
5mv -
_] = "=V"',
s : 6.25mV
w/o:
,n$t "**
- " 0) ]
5 mV - llJ*: i * ', :
-5+(2.5l 15 mV
Ex:6.54
mAN Vo: 100
g,": 40
r,: 100k : 1
' r- _
ro:2'5k :0.99
, : lOV
2.5 k r":25 1,:1m
s,iMl,ill R,_8k &:R.=5k R',:=25
1OOk
Avo : +g-(Rcll ,)
e,, ]| .p - * ;< R.; : 20 k
:40x1o_3X(8kl 100k)
o; : -296l
= : '*' 0.22k = 223 {L Ro,, : Rrll ,o : 7.4k{L
-r*fl,,_ , = +g'(R.l R. l r)
* f-' - --40(g)
40- : -32 :4ox3:12O/
fi:":25
/"ig Rrig * r, 5 + 25
-'fr,- ] .
t. * .fto
-8Kli 5K = -12.4N : 0.005 v/v
25 + 223
R,.) /:
vv-- _
(R.|j R,1
I iir, + RE) -9.9 N R"ig -| r"
: 0.6 V/v
f* ,, 2K..
&-.,*-ff'.*"^' - - ^ 12.4 - 1R.|| R,;
, {, : -e.Gcll R,')
GV
R.,. :
: - 123 V/V 54
t
-:--i
r11fri']
*'.
i,
-
mir
xercise 6_ 4
Ex:6.55
:. Ri : : ,'+ ( + l)(ro1| R.)
tut lt,
R.
:0.5 + (11)(201| 1)
: 96.7 k
R,*- :R, |l R,, 40|| 96.7 : 28.3 k
Gv :vo:vttvo
vs ys vl
:- R," * ( + 1)(rr|| R.)
Rs + RN (Rs| RB) l ( + l)(ro | (ro|ll R
: 0.796 V/V
5m vo ++o" 20
(1OK|l 40)(_5E+5 +2K)
V ll
c
Gvo : 0.8 V/V
100(25 m)
Rnu, : o 11 (r" + tRr ll Rr]) / ( + 1)
={ 5O
5m
: 20 || t0.05 + 0.79] k
ro: Va - 10 :2Ok
c 5m -84
/
'h
1/
'o andVo - (] l\iblro|| RL't f, -Voxrol|r"1 -O.l Xo.95-l\/
r e r .00_5
_iie
illllllliilll]i11li1],r,: M*
: 0.5 m, V *- 5 m, andVor: 0.3 v
We have
:
" :
"C.^YrVu :)o 4, a, .:'
1, : 85.5
2 x 85.5 :0.57
on Vou- .3v
R^:2lo m/V
,.-y;'-
'' D 85.5_-
?9E05 l17k
q]u]i u = ].- mV Ao: g.fo: 66.7 N
_')
'r,:iwLCn,+Cov
] ;:r' a: \\oS Fabricated in the O.5
- : : , we want to find the - i X5X0.53.8 l0.4X5
')
}
.and the intrinsic gain btained Cr,: 8.3 fF,Crd: Cou"W: 0.4 x5 :2tF
lain currents: (L : 0.5 m)
O.57 4
= i \._ -^C-()h 8-V
f: 2r(Cr"+Cra) 2 (8.3 + 2)
] 4j /. : 8.8 Gz
Ex: 7.1
.1') X1 -o'2mA For this problem, use eq. (7.11):
'-: F{^()
:
h
Fr 1, 10 ,
=*.+ X1M:200
l 8,,-m:O.28m/V
]..\ }e using eq. (7.15):
lll4] ha\ie:
-- 1/
.o Fn;ew
, =---.-
= 1,:JzxlsXl0Xloo
M_
]Mr-,l
Jlo
"111I
,-mA
-svlrffiJl
-i- , n<
-' 'J :
10 k
Ao : 50N
'i'
Since g. varies ith o anda, wih }
'- v ) k{) _- 62 / ',|
J o
xercise 7_2
x: 7.3
I
vr,.
1 : l A=+8,, _ .z,nl.)' : .89 m/V
1 \ /
)
-
**,''
A^
" s(-l9)'
\] 0/
l58 /v
i1
Fr/ _ l m:
- .36 m'
we hae lv^1 - lvol L,
: : z: _
Ivol - 5vlm19_'
Inp 1o: /1 l00 A _
"
D- ly,'l ]] _ 21l..175V)':
v;,, (-]v),lO0)
:
.'z A /','
ffi]
'l'l.. (l00 ) :126ko
/z
: 1.24 ml
Since l, - \*,,c,,'1(f)u""r(' -
,'-
''1
VonL, .5 V/m (0._]6 m) _ 8 k ffi)
^ - t *a
w 2 (100 )
, ^ -|vi,,|, _ 6 Vzm 0..]6 m} _ 2l.6 k L -
v)'l
r/ ..1 V\
lz 0.! m 9 /V'(0._] " l \'
+
Llas ,
Vltage Gain is
: g., tu,ll tu,) w
Au
L
- 20.i
Au :' (.24 m\l) (1s k l| 21.6 k)
12.2l
Exercise 7-3
"]
^l,RL
2 mA/V (2 m/v)(20 k)
:5+3-+-
40
R.:lM:
R._ : _5+ |M : 25.5 k
gre identical and the gate vltages '" 40
!U
i,,,,
: 0.7 - .5 : 0.2 V
R. : 100 k:
e,_:500+]!9_!9 : 3 k()
'" 40
)1*; "-angois lVrrj : 0.2 V
R : 20 k:
= 1;. - V orr: 0'3 + 0.2 : 0.5 V
R,_:50+20 k: t k
,*'.*
: l'sc: _ .7 V "' 40
_ ,M',l. : -G. + Iyl + lvrrl R: 0:
- - .2 : 1.5 V
- 50ol 0 :0.5
11fu,,*
,i_
R,_ k
6 :rs i,:,l as |Yrr], so '40
= fu1. - '_sp3 : 1.5 - 0.2 : 1.3 v (b) From Fig.1.13,
mtn
Ro: ro +Rs+(g.r,)Rs
]s'm : 9.: -- 8n3 : 8m : Rs: 0:
Ro : 20k+ 0+ (4)() : 20k
8m
Rs : lk:
Ro : 20k+ 1 k+ (4X1 k) : 61 k
Rs : 1 k:
a fl,,E : r" : o4: f
_ -\u, n l) u
m/V)(lO k)]'? -mA
V ou o.2 /2
, ,r, 2
frrl:fo2:tn
xercse74
: -grRo
:Vo:2 :20k so, the gain rmains the same
D 0.1 m f R,- is connected to the utput'
:
so' (g.rn) : 1 m/V(20 k) 26 A,, : 8'- t1l g,Rs)r,l !| R1
* g,,Rs-
(a) For R,- : 20 k'
1
_'-' (l tg,,Rs)r"R'
R1*ro, - 20k+20k: l.9k :
'"r:Ttr},
^ l+20 1 + g-Rs [+ g,Rs)r"
+ Rg
Rr
: -8'(rol1 R"') _- _rc',")
R;;i7,,
:"'Av
-1 m/V(2oKI 1.9 K) : -1'74N
l*" ."" the approximation of eq' (7'35)' Ex 7.10
R'
n'"'-8-r."r-g-,,
- 2ok!2' V : +1'8
2o 'l m^/
= 2k
then,
Avl: 1 m/V(2Ok|l 2k): -1.82v/v
Eiher method is correct.
cntinuing, from eq. (7.31), vi q Vcz
Av : -8mi(gmrr"rr"r)ll Rrl
Av : -1 m/v{[(20)(20k)]ll 20k}
z=
- - 19.04 V/V
^ - Au,.
.l A -19.04 : 10.5v/
- - 1.82
(b) Now, for R. : 40 k'
(a)- _ and or:
R,- l : 400k .
^'''' - qnzroz I Since V v, : Vov''2 0.2 V we have
-'tf,z -
-8m2 20 - 1 m/V ,),
:21k- V2ovz
22 ) *,'""(
Avl : -1 mAiV(2kl 21 k) : -10.2l
-
o'
Av _ - m/vtt(2)(20 k)| l| 400 k} L*.r",()'u'",,
-
r& :
- 200 v/V and
o- (),:
+ '(o,)'
v (b) The minimum voltage alowed across cuffent
source woud be 1Vo|
1, :
0.2 V if made with
-l a. single transistor. f a 0. 1 , signal swing is to be
voltage would be
V oo - |Vo/ -
0.1 vPP : 1.8 - 0.2 -
Where G-"' : I'
1+ g-Rs : .5_5 v
and Rn- (l + g.Rs)r., (c) V scz : |vor + |vtp| : 0.2 + 0.5 _'.
0.7 v
The pen-circuit (no load) Voltage gain is
V,,", can be set at 1.55 - 0.7 = 0.85 V
Auu : G,Ro : (t + g.Rs)r.
#*"-
Exercise 7--5
llll"::- . is impemented with a u.,, occurs when Q1 and Qrare selected and bias
l;l.l:': ;iilar o Fig. 7.10, the
sothat ro1 and ro1 ae>> r
1it.[:9d acrss it fr prper
. = :' :v) : Then, Ron : (8.ro2)rn2 : 2ro,
""',]]'
.4V
: jflc : . he alowabe range of Rn" : 1(25 k) : 2.5 M
:r1lt ]i(l! is from 0.4 V to 1.55 V Rnp: (8firgz)ro: lrz
Roo : 50(20k) : 1M
Finally,
ffiitfrillr4 : -' Ao^u" : -(8 m/v)(2.5 M ll 1.O M)
'g. 19.
iri1l{ll|i-",
', r=r) and ,r"* : *5714N
1tl_'il]",, |--' r-:)
,':lllllt -!irie.--;'tJ and biased so that
Ex: 7.1i : :
i]l|||g l*1 _:gn
and have insignificant
8.
#: ** 40 m/V
Ro - 176.7 k
withut & (that is, R, = 1,
x:7.14 Fig.7.2'l(a)
fol : z : ' : v! - 5 -- 50k
l 0.lm
tl]lm
^, : fi"C.lW7ryo
8il -
/-a-
, .1- -
-+gm2
l
=25k
0.2 mA : 8 m,V 4 mAN
l_5 mV
Assuming an ideal cuffent source,
:50 : 6.25 k Ro : (E,zro)Qorll ,.r)
R" :
8 m/v
(4 m/v)(50 k)(50 k 25
ll k) : 3.33 M
: 4V : 20k A,,6 : -G.R : -(1 mA/V)(3.33 M)
0-2 m
: -3.33 x 103 v/v
] _l :ir k |l 6.25 k)
1lllnl ]iiu",,
il
lllMililll,il 'l - '{Q
li 0'762)
-,l lilit l '
Exercise 7-6
8.:g.z:4m/V
o: roz _ to: ro : 5k , w\
: 'Rl'W| w1 : , :20:
- l&. /*,,. lo
nl -- 2: r': 25k
G,,,:8.: 4 m/V , _-,Wr-W'-L-_+
'owo_ wo 4 l
From Fig. 7.19. R'g : G,'zro)or\l ,'r)
n order to allow the oltage at the drain of Q2to
R" : (g.o.,)R" so, g down to within .2 V of the negative supply
Voz=o.2
R,, : ( 1 m/V)(50 k)(4
vltage we eed
mA/v)(50 k)
1.s k l| 25 k ) ,: : \"('l),v'",,
R, - 167 M
A.9 - _ 1'nR', _-' 4m/V(|67M) 6 : ir.
'"c,,'()"v'o,, =>
s() ,(o.2)2
: -668 x v/v
t20 __15*w,:15xL,
rw) _
103
\ /, 20 X (O.2)2
Ex: 7.15 n the current source of Example 7'15
we have o : 100 and we want to reduce
Wz. -
the change in utput current, 1,r, correspnding
_ 20<L
(y). _ x (0.2)2 :50=Ws:50Ls
,n^:Vn"L*lM
'"z 2X8)
r', l)
80
L - JJ-
20 V/m
-_ 5 m ws: 50 m
Ex: 7.19
]..f u,:_ !1', : 15 m, Ws : 5 m See next page:
,]'! ur 3Jd w5 : 50 m
\
ll l ] ll * --QJ) : t.2 mA
-_l|\ l /
n /
]ll]lfr[ r,
il
',,
t
$0"=
l,--
== (
-:_,|) +2-0,7)
50 )
_'ll: _ 0.497 mA
"'*"5 m
- 'y= o Vcc V'
I - - 1*uu
.
fr, - 1-. - Vr.\
r\ )
It0ll 50 ]
Exercise 7-8
: Ico*
//+1
1n Ico*o,. +
1o..
1*.o 91co:r
-+-N+ I
Thus:
: z _ "' ::1-ryll
, /o,-.n
For an eor nt exceeding |oo le nend:
gnoring the effect of finite output fesistances, we
have 1orlr(| _ 0. l)
: z 1, : 1co*',, ' /+l
1.o*r,,.t1:1*tt.(*) /*nn >0-g/--,+ I =0.9
_ sQp'r+ B|+ ...* ' 1*UjJ llll
/"*on 1.,
,: * ...-"
- =l+N+l=l+t+1<l.ll
0.9
' : t^^ (! *
'gn-\ !.... , 1) ''=O.11+N+1<O.11 +
l
+1=11=N<10
:-^'vREF N+l The maximum number of outputs for an eor nt
exceeding to be lessthan l0o then we need N<l0.
From (*) we have:
n this case the maximum number of utputs for
1co*on *1 : .*or,+
and errr f less than 1 07o is N = 9.
Exercise 7-9
ri::rg Fig. 7.32, whereas for the simpe mirrr fom equatin
* = !:. : o : 1p : (7.69) we have :
]i
10O
-
l,, = 7'::-:o's
1
lo0:2a
,lL'_ -;l 1* r-.,
' Lt
For the Wilsn current mirror we have
]][',,,,,, = . - \'
+ 2(0.23 ) : 096 V the simple mior R, : f : 10 k
ru:rn: resistance, R, we need
o
g,,,r"
x: 7.22 For the two cufrent sources designed in
, - ]l0.1 mA) Example
w ,I
,,*, 0.23 V 7.6, we have :
,.,,. = ;. ll __ (5Vlm)(O._]6 m) s- __
!: ' : 0.4
m
' -' O. l m
Vr 25 mV
ancl
,n : b : l90 v: 10
, lOA ' M, rn: 8' :25
,tli'f :{.
"
1 i. / /)
k
','': : a.87 mA/ v)(1s k)2
For the current source in Fig. 7,37awe have
Ro:roz:fo:1M
For the current source in Fig.7 .37b fom equation
lffii,n uu :trln mirror fiom the equation (7.98) we have:
therefore,
: &=[l l
(ll.5 kl| 25 kl]lo v
lll]].F]
10 o.o2o O.4
il,rr,,,,,
9Ro:54M
Exercise 8-1
Ex:8.1
Reerring t Fig.8.3, l V
f Rp is dubled to 5 K'
Ro:5k
Vn, _ Vz _ Voo _ 1
I
R,
Ro
v ou ro: vA 20 :5Ok
entire current is
D - 0.4 m
.316 : 0.45 V
-+
^zx A: g,"(R.| 16\
thn, Vr, : V - 1X RD
A: (4 mA/V)(5 Kl 50 K) : 18.2vlv
= - 0.4x2.5: 0.5 V
1.5
Voz: V _ l- l'5v Ex: 8.5
(b) For Q2 to conduct the entire currnt: With 1: 200 , for all transistors,
i,l : - ^l1 ov : -o'45 l^ - ! - 200 -_ l0
hen'
)2
: 2(0.18 m) : 0.36 m
w
V:Vo:+1.5V
V2 : 1-5 - 0'4 X 2'5 : 0'5 V
ro, : roz = tol : fo - D
(c) Thus the differential output range is:
V or- Vor: from 1.5 - 0.5 : + 1V _ (10V/m) (0.36 m) :36k
m
to0.5-1.5:-1V .1
V ouz 2(100 ) - .5
(40 A l211o.z12
Vv /1v\ /4l\ 2
\J,: \)^_;^r",|";r
(!2\' : O.l i,l: 2vJj
A)
--+
\vov ) 2(100
- ,o
2
(1 A/v2)(0.2)
Ex:8.4
o _- o (100 )(2) - l mA/V.
m -
^: ! - 0'8mA: .4m |Vov|/2 0.2v
22 S'
, :i.
=m Fs*19'"
=
=lr.
] ,"o}u o"l' for all NMOS
CMRR -
(2
. Rss) - 2 mA!.)(25 ): 20. O00
r,\ 0.0l
Ei:(w\ \-)
_ t/,
]'1
i
CMRR(d) : 2lg 10( 20,000) : 86 dB
i 100
-------------------- ) Jw
Ex: 8.9
-l' .\ '/'(0.2).
+5V
,lrill
=d+P:lm/V ,5
tr
=
: 0-7
l|!l11,l||||,,
:4.3 m
Jtrnr
l]r,lffi{*
,,"
, r-, : I mA/v)(36 k)'? ac _ +0.7 v
illtfriU
il iil
G : l_+ mA
:
-, :tt fl-:ntia] gain for matched
'}oI
.. _ :- :8-R
,:
* frl rer:.
= :l .{. \ )(5 K) : 20 V /V
1:0.4m4
-2J \r
rcirct-t
c:cz::I2:!: 0.4 mA Li
2
tVcc
: 0.2 m
From eq. (8.66),
VC" -u"- Vc + a.4
= Vcc CRc+0.4 Vq
Vc"-in: 'V+VcS+vB Vz
Vc" : * 2.5v + 0.3 v + .7 V : -1.5 V
^1n
nput range is - 1.5 v to + 1.9 v
Il:zoo"
Ex: 8.11
lfl l iz :
Qs
Substituting 1 in Eqn. (8.70) yields
lrt:
-V
o.99 : 1:2A
31)/V'
1+ r(z Since>1,
UB - Us2: v. l,(s- I) -- ez- / _ 20-:
22 l0
= 251n(1 / 99)
P- : 6m!
omt P-C : 6m
- _ |Icl - 1o0 : 4mA/
= 25 n(99): 115 mV vT 25 mv
t; |1 10 K)y,.. Ex:8l5
llllll/rfl - : ;r - --(10O
2 K) + r5 K FromEqn' (8'127)
' - llllllllll[ l
l,m ,,, : ,,/xT),. (^t'1
-' 1 i,il _ ji rfv i,*
[{liih:
:0.5X0.1 :50n
__Rc
_
- }d "', u'!=
o- Ex: 8.16
= - -)p -
tr (l)(5 )
w lL|" ,, - 0.2m x lOO: 20 m
+
ro
lv orl : : @:o2
m/V
/20
thus,
',ln due to R,, l Ro , :
n : vnu (0.8m/2l
o.2v -
]1fllfi ,,: 1/,,
+m
V
1+" From Eqn. (8.138)
fl., G^:8.:4mA/
Ro -- 162ll roo
,^":von- 20 :5ok()
n, I (0.8 n/2)
,^" __
y-4" : 20 - 5 k
oo (0.8 m/2 )
thus,
Ro:50|| s: zst
From Eqn. (8.141)
A' _ G-n^:
'- -m 4 m X 25 k - O y
V v
rr,rg :: l lVt is obtained FromEqn. (8.148a)
A'.'- |
"'-2,q-,R., 2x4x25 :O.o05v/
ll!, - Te rta] input ffset is:
CMRR: n : :20,00()
: - /2 |A,.| .05
: ) - v,i'I -+ 86 dB --.!-qq-
Ex:8.17
Frm Eqn' (8.156): G-: g"'
2 } '. m
(.8 m/2
25mV '" v
E /
o"'- vt
From Eqn. (8.1 59):
Ro : 162ll roo
,g:e :_-
Ex:8.18 6o:10/0.05:20k
6o:10/0.1 :100k
G^ : m : /2 _ 1m/2 : z0m 6,:10/0.1 :100k
v 25m
(e) Eqn. (8.176):
vA l0 20 k Al : -8' Qorl\
/2
'oo)
- _--v
.5 m
+ Ro : ro - 5 X 20 K :10M 0.775 l2o0l| 20) 77'5
i
Eqn. (8.177):
[,
Ex:8.20
: (10l 10) M : 5 M Referring o Fig' 8.42, a1 1, values are the same.
Ao: 8. X &: 20 X 500: 105V/v So, %sl: : V,,,, * "
i.e. 10 dB Using the equation developed in the text,
@,
Ex: 8.19
2
Refer to Fig (8.41) Rs:
l
(a) Using Eqn. (8.178)
l.--(W/L)o,,2\
" (w/L)4
(W/L)s'5g Rs- 2
('-,)
+10: zv1ll al
100 ^
thus, (W/ L) 6 : 2 5'2'7 k
xercise 8-6
\ Vourr: V.r,t - V.
- i; : 0.15 + 0.7 : 0.85 V
ill
.',,
* ll
I
/
I
: - 1.5V
Vo : |vrrr| : .: v
* : _,) : m/V
,ffi1:
t.:- d ,,
r0 )
0-38
eVcs,,:0.3+0.7:1V
Vc: -1.5+1: -0.5V
Finally,
Vo": V- - %n.: +2.5 + (-0.3 - 0.8)
* {i{lllfr ,'.\: : +1.4V
* ffi ,Jr'*:
;, ffi [:JO/0.8 Ex:.8.22
flxrre 8.5) R'=20.2kdl
_ ,,:8-513V/V
- Ro:152
l1-' ' {- L)
With R, :
10 k and R,- : 1 Lg1
-= _:.X9"
."p. :Q.-lV
A,' - 20'2 85 I.1 X I
.. 40 20.2 + l0 (l + .I52)
Ji L
' '( .8
- :4943l
" t ltl- ,,
:,:l
l
--_ts
]tt{li1
'u T' )r: il* R _ : 0.01.26
ilil]
u"]1 - i,s Rr + R,3 3 + 234.8
s n0 / 0-8) i_
]rr$ Js *ide as B,,, then :s:t00
ls
{ ] J0 ibs _ Rt+R2
C-:-
+ _ 40 : 0.8879
0.8
i,z R\ + R2+ Ri2
} :
i[,
40 + 5.5
.r l__ ') 'i2:z:10o
\{tw/L\t\ '
*^-- ",
I .r, r
Thus he oeral cuen gain is:
: .f@_r)) -s!
|
: l0l x0.0492 lOOXo.Ot26X lOO..
Jl \/ |2.5
[rlllfr a, , i1
-i x 90 u 0.8879 X 100
]':tT r._]
: 55993 /
and he overall vlage gain is
t ft, is:
ru.: 1-i0mV vo _ R6 .i"s
.:
,1llll1
v R,, ir
e Ji,.
'a
Jf) : , 1i, 55593 : 8256 v/v
1].8 20.2
xercise 9_1
I
- 2x1X(10+0.1 :o.o16Hz : C ao 10 : 4,1 fF
;6vo
M) Ca
l 1+2+1
, : | __.]l8z 4
IPz 2Cr/g'- 2l/2m
.6
,:l:
J P'\
xz9.4
(t0 +
2CrrlRr'+ Ro) 21 x 1) eak current occurs t V 1 : Vr1, : 5
:8z
:
f1-fn: 318 z i Peak
'r""()"(vil'-vn),
x:.9.2 : lxzX2O(5-2)2: l80
Ccl: C: C62: | F 2
8. : 4 +c : 40mX25 m : 1 m Ex:9.5
: + : o : , - lm :4mA
or v
r-: 2.5 k lO0 vr 25mv
6m
Co": "r.8-:zox1 12X40X10 3
0.w
^
21[l00K11 2.5K+5K]
fpz =L"l
fpt = 21'4z
1 - - 2ofp :nrF
(**
,rr:@
,:1
J - ;\C
f n1
FC)
: 40 x 10-: : 7.47 GHz
2(0'84 + 0.012) X 10'12
f,,: 2.2Lz
fp x:9.6
&
2'1(8K+5K)
lh"l
|''re --fJ-+l:
'f 50
f,.:72.2H2 +f:5OOMz
o
Ex:9.3 l' f m
2n16n1q1
^ e.' l- |l 10_] -- |2..7 oF
4 X
*o' .].45
l X l0- 9
c'+: too
"'
:
: 3.45 X 70_3F / m2 -- 3.45 fF/ m C : ',,r,
12J - C 12.'7 _ 2: 10.7 pF
C6u _ WL6C." : 10X '05 X 3'45 Ex: 9.7 Diffusin cmponent of C at /.' of l mA
:172 tF _ 10.' _2:8.7 pF
Sine C4. is proportional t 19, then:
Exercise 9-2
,tiil,, rl : l 87 pF Cio: 7 +
: i,87 pF 1 (1 + X 1_3 + 1.5 + 13)
|il. lu,
:68pF
Ili., , = 8.
:'rcn + C) =u: : l.42z
2 68p . l.65
,4 (s) : ''Dc
where ,. is he DC gain
1+1- s{
L J 41B
Therefore (s) : l0
rr s
)," : 4.26pF 2' 1o5
x:9.l2
: z
-1'7 M)
3.7 For this ampl ifier we have:
F/1s1 : AM
('-*'-*)
: (i By definitin at : rwe have
,,,.t_,-_., + 17.14)
:
1
]l{1 |Hti"'1|'
+-
:._-l->1MHz
;-_, R.. A,M
|R5)
2-
,,, - _:F -8.\4Crxrl ('-,(#))('.(#))
>
*,, F' - ''t ( 4.7 \)
1 MFz
l,
.(#):[, -(#)'] :
n: :
* |l'
L,
,(F)'] [, '(d)'] :,
(1 +0.9'z)(1 -()') :,
*" 1l],ll -. - + (RB + Rsig)
,-()' : 11*()' :.1+:2.78
:_:,J.1_3XR;
:r ": - 1.05 + (100 ll 5) lf ":0.99 p1, then
:,
:
[,
,-()'][, -('#::i')']
I { ,"," : , R.| R.
{l{lfillri]}:' *
"q, ) k {1 +.9rz,1, -()') : 2+
1{ {
: 1'O1*()' : 01 +
|lll||ll|l j;'
'-()'
R.," : 1.65 k : 9.88
il t l
alp2: p1 "
T{'\_ _
(4 X l80 Hz -
884.2 nsec
K: l=lr., (9t)']l '(:?]'l _ z 2:
| \,lr'i JL
r :
\r2,/
80.8 nsec => 884.2 - 8 8
'|'94)' _
|
\r'/ z=(:9i')'
\r,./ "o l 803.4 nsec
_ (R'+ Ri'l g,.R|'R')Ct
's,1
Rr,1Cg
." : ^z-1 ,,: .64n,(exactvalue)
R,: R',]l R,,* : 8O.8 k,s,, : a s,
(noethatinthiscasethezers are at c: ) we
ha,e :
Cg,l - 1pF
Thus
ll - | , F- l_: |, ', _-]- : lpF
' 803.4 nsec (s0.8 k + R; + 323.2R') +
{'r,' 'rr' {'r,' _r,:
\24'2R, _ 80'1'4 nscc _ k
g-lrJ,** -t
=,>
lpF ' 8.R
, - 122.6 k{ -_ ].]:t k
For: +, _ O.71 r' ' 324.2
k'r,: + R; : 2-23 k{L
For the case K - 2, the exact value of ,, can
For this value of R, we hae
be und ftm the folowing equation:
420
''' -
,' 4> 2.23 - - 7.2l
ssuming
"
t
- x wehave 420 x 1(l()
'\ t*x''l
(trx2,(
' -z- 7.2 X 18 Hz: 1.296 Mz - 1.3 Mz
2]
1o*[r,l)x'1l - 2=)
Ex: 9.15
Kr \ K'/
k()
4+1K2+t)2'K2: = 1
-H:
I
0 99 90 -9 -9
Ex: 9.14
We hae , : t 000 9.99 9.9 -9.9 -9.9
10.8 v/V an|.f,, -
128.3 z. theretre. the
l000 .999 -9.99 -9.99
gain-handwidh prducl i.:
l8 Xl28.3 : 1.38_56 \Hz - ]'_:9 \1z
FI'
rl
F'
l
illtr'
xercise 9_4
; ::
solution of Exampe
-=::-mined by the exact
R;_lXI0:2.5k
'4
|A'l : 8^.R' -- 2.5 x2.5
: 6.25 A/A
- -].:5 X l : -12.5l Using equation 9.93 and assuming, -rr
jdth product (f,) is: we have:
a:
Tiril:_
= -" CHz f
i,, = ].}1 Gzandf.:
:l l'; : :.lrl approximation of 2{|Cr, + Cgd( + 8^RL)]R"+ (CL+ Cg1)R;}
f n :
._e >.uion of Example
; : ' nected at the output 2'[[2o f +5 f(l + 6.25)]10 K + (25 + 5) f 2.5 K
fl f : + f'zf":
_':en
im r'e have 250 Mz 25ol]z
"'li tlltl
imr j]:i:::'are f,=|'1' f : 6.25 x 250 : 1.56Gz
Ex: 9.19
: 6.25l
; Ve, l3OV:130k
ll .l* .ls'.lmin f' :fo,
r^-^^:
'nn
1 - lm
r :lvo:50V
,npnr'-7l -lrA -sol
R. : ,onpn ll ,opnp : 130 k |l s
x{r1r - r;F_ ]
.R.,e + (CL+ Cs,)RLl
R;:36k
*._{5)].10K 1 lmA - 4.'.^m
m VT 25mV '- v
-
r_ B
" 8' 4 - _sk
,d,"
20C)
Au:
^ -
rn
-rr(e.Ril
5 (4ox _ l75 y
;l r'*ed b} .1 and Vuuby 2
36+0.2+5 36 k) - V
.^-mA
A.. -v- _ nsy
-' v (b) Using Miller's theorem we have:
C,n: Cn+c(1 +c.RL)
: 16 pF + 0.3 pF(1 + 4 X 36) : 448 pF
C'" : 448 pF
ll''|,]]ltl,. = . Q in example ,1:l
''' - znc,nR'",, 2Cinlr, || 1R.', + r,)l
We hae R.,* :
,, |l (R.,. + r,) - 4.3 k
R. : ,onp, || rorn, _ 36 k
Etixe e-5
C", : 20 ff'C.a : 5 fF c
: 15 fF'
Thus:
n : 16X 4.3 + O.3t(1 + 4 X 36)4'3 - 36] R*1": 10k'R:20k'
+5 x 36
R'" : l *;;R, : 5
- ]5
: .-
6m m'o
; X ]
n 2'72 nsec
| _ 20.8 k
f,,: -75.lkz
R, 5.-
2 r: _- -_ 16.2v \
(d) Using equatins (9.12), (9'13)' and
(9'104) "' h.' + R,n- l0 - 20'8
we have: To btaini:
4 Rr, : Rsi 1l R," : 10 K 2O'8 K :6'75 k
I v 40 11
I 8,
f z: 2C"- 2.3 pF Rra : R 1l Ro
-- 2l .2Gt1z
f o
: 25.2 1z
Hz
Since$r <<f. andfp1 << f, ths f" - fo = 1 5'1
Ex:9.2J a) Lo\-requency gain
(e)f'::|AM|f -- 115 x 75'l kz
: 13'1 Mz
A'' g.ro40; Rr: r
l, : 3.1Mz
CS - mplif ier'. Au
: -g",1Rrlt| 16)
, ^ |A"
__ '_----------:a /-
tpd sincerr, : f : roand g*2: 8^ : 8^
2R}'f7
R6 : 216 + (g.ro)' ro : ro(2 + 81ro)
12.5
-5 XfF :42ro
ix10kX2Gz
+ Av: -g.(42rsll tr) " -8'' ro
+C':94.5 fF
: : -40 v/v
For a CS amplifier fed with R'ie
0
F;x 9.2l
y.'nsc,,n __ _ 4o : 2
we know that:
A ucs -20
t:
J l b)f,,: Neglect compnents of , thatdo not
2(C 1+ C r,1)
Thus:
C_*,: ff.C.a : 5 fF C : 15 fF'
20
10 k, Rt : 20 k '
_
" : 16X 4.3 + .3t(1 + 4 X 36)4'_] 36] R.,. :
+5 x 36 - R, l - 5
n'" : l25,n {'o
n : 2'12 nsec g- ;.=
1 : 20.8 k
t': -75.1kz
JH 2- cUl' -- Rt __ 5.=: l6'2V \'
(d) Using equations (9.102)' (9'103)' and
(9'104) R.; R,. l0 + 2'8
we have: T btaini:
40 Rr, : R.i ll R," : 1 Kll 2O's :6'75 k
8,_ 1 v _-2|.2GHz
fz 2C 2 0.3 pF Rr,r : R. ll Ro
" Ro : roa R. + (g^r)' R"i, : 280 K
f:
(same as in Eq. 9.12)
: :
1
f n7
: 25'2 Hz
since$ l .< f , *d f t << foz, ts fa - f1, = 7 5'7'7z Ex:9.23 a) Lo\ry-requency gain
p
x 75'1 kz : 13'1 Mz
"lf- =|A|fa: |'5
Au'. g',ro40: Rt: r
l : 13.1Mz
CS - Amplif \er'. Au: -g.iR, || r)
Therefore,
'
: Cs"' Rrg * Cgal(l + g,' R1)R'1* + R11
,,1i11.,, *,::' C., X 21 X Rsie To ca1culatefi \,e use the method of open-circuit
time constants. From Figure 9.30 we have:
: r'||(r'* R.ie)=
t,,,Jll
R',.ig 5 Kl|(0.2 + 36)
R',ig : 4'4 k
uty::l' he tems that do R,t : R'.ig : 4.4 k
]]xlx1
*
i.R.)] Ro : roll R,", :,,,
[,",[_.t+ll
il2r
' 8-ro
L \'r, - o; t11
R1 : 130 K|l 35 :35
Rr1 : R',r*(l *g*rRo)*Ro,
Rr1 : 1.6 k
- --'...(' -))
n : Co 'Rot * Cr1 .Rr * (C",t + C.z)
Ro + (C L + Ccsi + Cr) . (Rr l Ro)
' : 16px 4.4+ 0.3 pX 10.6 K+ (0 + 16 p)
x 3s + (5 p +0 +0.3 p)(50 Kll 26 M)
, : 339 ns
|
t.: 2'" -469Kz
2 X J39 ns -
f, =|l'"1'f n : 242469z
- 113.5 Mz
r] " :{] tQ
:10K
FromEq.9.121 wehave:
*,t -iK
4,, ' 8^R't .25 X l0 : y
'il ]|] + 1
''' l-l g'R', - l + l.2-5 X l O.93
v
s*
- 8' l ., |.25m
J_ r"("J%) (20f+5
:8Gz
1.8' - l.l.25m-locHz
r_= 2r
i:k: 26q
Cr, 2 20 r
R*7: R,ig : 10 K
.. R.) R,in*R' lO ll
1l n
^'"-- 1ll-f. l-125l
: l.48 k
Exercise 9-7
: Cr : k X 50 ps 'l---' 2.5
r, Rgax 10 5 r re 2.5
r..: | - I -
'n 2" 2 x 9lp
l.75GHz
: Vr g. : tou
0.2
, .8m - +m
x 9.26 we have 0.2 V
{-t -
J (Eq.9.106)
r )n(Cr+Cr,)R''
r:-
' + where
R'.lc : R.ig * , Assume r, : 100 R't: R1| ,":5 Kl 50 K: 4.5 k
andC, : 1OO fF + CDB : 110 fF
=G -.965yv hus.
we hae:
, : | :2q5Mz
.1 +1 JH 21 ll0f l tf) X4.5
J
' rtcJ" r_ 2C.r. (d) Using the open-circuit time-constants method
2C -"+
''
for R" : 0 k
/. : - _ !_q9.85)
6n
weknw
2(C' + C) .f
" z H
we have:
(10f+1f)X4.5K
R : R',igll ['" + ( + l)R'] 1, : Q'J ns' *
1
,:r:wehave
:-'1pFX(20Kl| 200) Rin : ,,l n -- 2r' :2PV' - 10 k
-'- \1z - .8 Mz C
we hae:
,, r-1J :r o 1( R',=
v.,* -
v
)*,,R.
- '- - R', : -g'(R''|| r") +
2\R,n Rr,. /o'
'
_-.
Exercise 10-l
l
_ (1 +):(1 +(6X1O3)X10_31 :7
tlr[ .'.fnr: fn\+ ): 1x7 :7k.z
;_
;
1
lli]ll_-:1 Ex:10.5
+
u
(l Xl00)Xys lxvn
"'il
Ll -l:-:: lf feed-back is: - r (l00X )X l l J (X
l:lj = _ 1l x 0.09 : 10 which is 2OdB l) l
r11111
i:
'-1', Open-loop gain: without R2 and R, ang the gate
', -rr : :etd-baCk iS:
,,''*'
grounded:
tl = --.,'x9X104 : 10 which V6: -g'Vr"Ro
Vr,: -Vt+A:
rIilll
)' -*tuo
!'
- ' l : 1000 V/V and Rr+R2
lLl: llli il':l : ;:
lli,
* --__l !'
_ 0.3 maximum
-
xercise 10-2
+Vo-c.n,ty,#} :i V,
v,
V, - o'Rr-# - R= --
&
R,
v, : o
{l
+
#*} 8.RVs
Closed-lop gain: A, :
'-9
Thus
6 _ A1gn2V, andV, : Vs- Vp
tr,:vo: 8'Ro
' V, I * g-RpR1l(Rr + R2)
o: Ai,nz'vs-vf} : A.z{Vs- Rr}
if ,4' >> +(8.Rp)'Rr /(Rl +R2) >>1
+ o( l RrArg,,,2) : AS,nz'Vs
' g.Ro _R+R2 o A8'z
"': g-RoRJ(R, * R) ' _ ys
''' - | RrA,g'2 which is the Same
&
:l*&R as,:
j 1+
A
1+&
RM
thus: , =
##R") (,.ff) =
vo
-AV
lr *
\ RMl
: -vnl I
-1.,1
open-loop gn: V,=V' & iR,,
n _ '1nzVg,, and 7r. : AtVt vo -RF
9 n : g',(A'V -+ A : 'i,: o,r*' Is (l*1*& t
') \ A R-u,)
=tr1*+-tandAr--Ro
A ARi,t -
xercise 1_3
Rt R2
"'qil'-"x N'o
9K
For the CG amplifier:
2
A : 8-[R|| 1n' + nr)1
To obtain :
= 85.7 V/V
- l)(r", * r"r) I R, ll Ro
- _0) + (1l 9) : 21 k o
P -Vo
R
- - RJ&
. ' 20 l:rll
r+lJ A,: ''A'= Substiuing:
l ': ' 1+
'
^, 8.R
R
,,Rr(l i g,R,)
_-1//V +
.Rr + R2
if Rr + R2 >> R, we obtain the same result as in
t,
i*, vl,
Exercise 10.6
From he circui:
Ri - |/g.=R'n _ -j-(lr )
1
6n
il,
- 219.57 : 201 k
Exercise 10-4
'-1=:R.:
"r l ,-2OO
'''-R 5XlOr
A ,nz
Af - 1 -f Atg^rRt
w 20ox2x 1
1+200x2x10'-3x200
:
3
4.94 mA/V
vo
- _ -6v/v .A -(Rs Rr)g.(r, ll Rr)
v -1Om600 :-
''F
11
*
s
Exercise 10-5
nt
|lftlth;lllrru lL1tL -:: _:: -:sed in Example lO.7 : -3.3X-.1 :3.O3
'm''' ''" =- = 1+ Ar -
' t,4
--
_ _3.03 - _7._52 k
13.o3
]]ll11]ii Ri: Rs ll n.: 1 |l rO:9O9
m iliii
Ro: ,o |l r. : 20 |l 1O _ 6.67k
]]m,'
Ri. __--_-]q-
l-5m(2|| lok1 - t'
__
]]]];,,",
,R F
"' 2g1
',{}- '_nll
liil{it
-'-"_. j
/ -
--, llr
-
" - -J-
R,, : 2 :225.6l
, i p
l+ 4.03
=; ,.F.
j-
R,,, - _ __ 6.?l
ilil1111
;_
''' l+ 4.O3
- I.66 k
K
{itlll{i
R,,,,, - 20 K l', _|
l-5.l= I'66k
: 1
Ex:0.16
]lll1] ,;l]
-;
_ RF Rs_-ror:1KRl:K
1- Rz:9kg.:5mA/V
ro: 20k
1il1
rillll
R. ll
& Ru,, : (1 + 11).9K : 1O M
Rl : =+: : -,
111
= 1,=
Ex:10.17 f
Rl+R2
xlf!
- R,r^.
''o':
A_ S,Ri:_8-R
1 ..
-xr
o o1
-l-l'8.'Rr
l. g,'RI
,
Frffi 10.77: -,
sF'
R",i_ '3''.'nr'R1 - F8'rrr'RI
To obtain Rin:
o.: R' : Rr
x : t0.20 A( 'i)
_ /\'
l --_------
"l l+ 1 } 8,,RI \l '.lll()- 1
Ri" : I
Thus : -3 tan-(z l04)
T--J 1(,*,,'/l0j) :
, : 18 + tan
:''
R,, RS At ,,r,f
_l :
: '6 x lO'
ra'j :
Rr: -+R'n
I
+ ll
('r,,/104) ^ =O
mplifierstableif ll < 1 at
-Rr 8()'
1^
Since g. >> '- g R,n -_ l / g,, When ll : 1:", -
l
t(l")l
:
., _
0.008
Ex: 10.18 Small-signal equivalent circuit: .'.
-V 8,,2'RD2 ,oo, * (..F)')"'
v' r, , n, F R l l/8,,
Ex: 10.21 Pole is shitted by factr ( l + ''
o,'
1_--,-; _ 1+105X.01 : 1001
( lK ).r:l6.6fl _ l
\t ll |/4ml r _ / (l ^F):
'rf
10'(lOl) -
1 0'4
Cmpaed t 17.39 btained in Example
xz 10.22 Frm Eq. 10'92 oles wi1l cincide
when
) 4(1 + ,,) r1"2 : 0
(r, rr)2 -
Using
o : 10O, pl : 10a, z : 106 radls
:
(1O1+ 16)2 - 4(1 + 10 ) X 1l0 0
l+too _ (1.1)'?Xl0i4
: 0'245
Corresponding Q : 0'5
Formaximally flatresponse Q
: 010'7 and
ro r---------,
J(l r l00)X l = - O.5
9,,,
..i ,"... V,:
." R.. y, l
t
.
Fi-10.19 -_--
r, t_R, LR. _4 __
^
ll l- + l0
,v
_'.\ _ 8. rn Cresponding gain is
-_
''Y rrtR._R'
=' ='R.. , A _ l0 -_l.q6\
" ' . l -t lO0 X .5
no - 5m\2K/l
11 _..:2
20 K . l ' l
3.03 btained in xercise 10' l5
as compared
Exercise 10-7
lilli#-__n:0
,rMi* jl 1i]-
&:!-
"i'l',__:
-:-1)__ 2019lAl
]]ffi rl-
4_ A
' - fp
Jo -
106
{]= '
- 1+jf/fp
jJ _
:'f:100Hz
' N
- - *
' f In
Ao Original response
_
--::l
11-r x 0.01
100
r'-20
t" _ 71 lt00 80
]1fr
rtflillil
= .-'= f -10az 60
1ffi11]1"l{r
40
1|i''' --9' A:A^-20 d
20
!,l'|-9:90.
0
-40
:1 :- 10 102 103 104 10s 106 f
= . and
P
low fre- "
Jo _
-- -! I
f"'l'
1lll1 = $,'' Phase margin
tillllil'f =.5' Ex: 10.28 The pte must be mved /", to
,t =,9-r /, where
. - ----------
Frequenc f 2nd ole
: tD A +4.
il rS = r.707 -1X16
1o4 e- (1 dB - 20 db)
: 13 Fz
The capacitance at the controling nde must be
increased by same factor as/is lorvered.
.'. Cn"* : Co1a 10o0
Exercise 1.1-1
Ex 11.1 Ex 11.3
For Q,
a.P - (v"l J1)'
- / J')2 : O.32W
, v ,, - ycnru, _- 15 0.2 RL 10
lkft P, :2V',,x1:2 x 10 x 100 x 10 r
: 14.8 mA :2''
o _ -V_ (-Vcc) _ _0.7 _(-15) Efficiency : Pt .. ,^^
l
" 14.8 I4.8 ;X
: k
0.97
: 0.32 x l0
4.*:V.,.-%t*, 2
:15-0.2 : 16
:14.8V
"-.: -V,. * %o* Ex 11.4
*ii*"-
: -1 + ,
_ l "
(a) r.:1&
.^.2
x||.2
At o --
_ 1O V, the load current is - 10 m and (b) P+: P-: VrrxL9
R
the emitter current of Ot is 14.8 - 10 : 4.8 mA'
At o : o V, i : 0andi61 : 14.8m
-- 59 o
1y:
Thus. lr., : 0.6 + O.O25 ln$
(d) Peak inPut currents =
1
+1R
: 0.67 V -4.5
:+0'67 51 4
i:10 mA andip;:24'8 m 22.1 mA
t n:+10V,
Thus, 9g1 : 0.6 + .025 ln (24.8) (e) Using Eq. (12.22)
: 0.68 V D
vtrc
l : 10'68V
Dmax --D:DPfr^x
n'R,
To calculate the incremental voltage gain we use
,o : Rt :6,: .91 \
i Rrl r"' n'x4
t,, :-1u i:4.8 m and
x 11.5
,,'' : : 5.2dL (a) The quiescent power dissipated in each tran-
4.8 sistr :ax v.',,
Thus. lj'1- -iiG' __ .995V/v
Total power dissipated in the two transistrs
:2a v(
: _- l'7 --2x2X1rX15
Similarly. | ,, __ O V. r,, :60mW
+'' (b) In is increased to 10 m
_ l : .998viv AtV": 0, i" : i,:
10 mA
an'
^_l ao
;, t + .o tz Fromequation 11.31
At,:+10V, ig:24.8mand r"1 :1dL v- 25 :
ou -:----- -
1.25
- P t 10+10
Thus. "o : =-l_ __ .9ss v / v 1
: :0V ir:o'^-lr.-:3-2:mA
- 11] ;ff
,,,,, rlllllir
,,
* -- : Q
the output devices.
" !:
'tl
,\
:--| l
llili -t. n|0.2475_
-'*ii
.j,:]rA.andfor4:g {t'
_ 1
ll]
ltfllt. l(n
-, ,il,,* ', ft
lffil,l - 6.25
-vcc
llllllll
:r-\
u!
lililflil "l
.s -:- : '.-I1 m
: V'ln;lr'r-
illlfii
* Nf
' L t? '.)1I 2\
'-'
rlllllll|*l
*,, .ii-0.4 Equating equations 1 and2
]
,ill{,,,,,
_
-
il
,, i'a _ 6
""'[-fr] :"''()
,o.. ]'-,,,,,
''
,"'1
Mln, .mr '27c u.,,
(l0-
. t
-'r:rpated in each transis- ti ,
iNGN-0.1):9106
-:,l0103X1_5 f is in m, then
i"(i' 100):9
#-100i"-9:Q
9 i,ry : 10.1 m
l r l : -: \:. R.:
' 100
io: i" - l. : 0.1 m
]iirr : 1] n0 and : 59,
: -lV : :
1lllilu]j
Fr 6 and r -O.1
r}'. l R #
= Xl:
: -10m
s a first apprximation assume ip
= 00 m,
" -"l.1, lr:,ir"-
- 0 since : 0' current through diodes : 3 m
Exercise 1 1-3
:
:Vs,-,r,',[l V: |3 : 1'3 0.54 m
2.4
,,,
-.
vs: Tt.3 0.65 V
But V,, : V',ln(;\)+ V.ln (;h) r' : 1 e ^vBFv l X e'05/0'25
: 1.39
- V|nffi)+ yrln (aa) +l : 1.39 + 0.54 : 7.93 mA
For Vr, : +20mV:
ere i. : 0.1 A 1.4
Equating uations 3 and 4 Vp:1'4 n: 2.4
= 0.58 m
/\
Vgg:0.1
z-n|:xlO_'l-
' :
[ " cl : 1 x e0'/0'025 54.60 m
'o-'''; 1
- _
rr)2 1.15
.,
__ _ Gain Error : -0.35 t}o: 3.5o
\v,112
mn -' -2o
om - ;:
2XlXO-r
l- V o,, 0.14
X (0.2)2
L :14.14mAN
Rnu, :
{8' t 8.n)
1
* ]li
mr
* r1
,,,'iV,)
.iil1lriir * ::-.5)
,
0 yo2u
'
Exercise I 1-5
(v SGPa
V,, : +V n, + |V,||
- v o, + 9!-Q
4a: )o; (o,), (v ScP"2 - |v,)2 "_
Plug this va]ue for V nto the value for V 62
Ex 11.13 Vq:7a-7
Tl - T: t Po and,
200 - 25: 71X50
': l5-'1o'7: 0.86mA
,5
'^-175:3.5"C/W
5
But, l : lc + cs + s +15V
3.5:1.4 +0.6+s
= sa : 1.5"C,zw
Tl - Tc: rcP'
Tc: Tt * JC\PD
:200 - 1.4 x50
_ 13"c
Ex 11.14
a} From symmetry we See that a1l transistrs will
cMuct ual currents and have equal V3r's Thus.
+ 15V
Neglecting /63,
=il -"/t :0.86m
But at this current
Vs :
"'(?)X
- O.o25nr0.s6
lO_J)
\3.3 x 1 'ol
:0.6v
Thus, VE1 : + 10.6 V and : .88 mA No fur-
ther iterations are ruired and 1c,1 - 0.88 mA.
To find 162 we use an identical procedure :
'''/V,
C\ _ lSP e
i ' "s/V
,+|
-:.be l-^/V^
ic - r, n'o
le
-
1ri.=
ffi+rc
+
Jli*tl*
v,*
B <_ [^ i.
ic ,t ] !lc
ls= lP+l]
"("
ssuming t!atVgil has nt changed much from i(.
0.6Y then -#- Q
v., - 10.6v
{,
/,,5_ 15 - 10.6
- 0.88 m
1,,5_ l5 l0'58 -
:0.6.51 V
.88 m
\
Ex 11.16
Thus, 6', - 0.30 mA
See Figure 1 1.34
r. :
ow for 02 we have:
When 15 x 1 'X Rr,, then d..: 1r'".
V2: 0.643 :2mA
V62: 10 - 0.643 : 9.357
r:4.81 mA Vll:s _
ga:0
'.'(f)
Cr - 4.87 m (as in (b)) :25xO,h(?+)
Assuming that 1g - 0 m.
:
]
.651 v
Exercise I 1-8
-R,R4 -.
,&
i
E;x11.22
ReFer to Figure 11.44
l, : p: - v,;,
)*"C''}{1v"r1
|ffit,l,ilffi| >> 'P: lXI0 l:12(lycsl 'l -3)2
2
!]ii, :il. 0.1 : (lycs -y,)2
-*--
x111l1
+V"' : 3.32
tfrMM.Jt Vro: 2Vo,: 6.64
rm
*-].
ri r{ R: Vcc : 6.64 __???
ri,!:B - ,
T. 2 m 20 1O_]
-
- Using equation
, Ltrffifl{':: l : ].9 W
vcc:(r*ft)r,,,*1t *ft)u,",* 4v,,
,.. e
6.64: (1+2)x0.7+(1 -fr)r 0.7_ 40.7
'e: ha o be less
or dissipation
@ff{Lln supply vo1tage f 2V is
R,
o, :9'5
ll|hrr 1-\-rply curve intersects the -+
irre rr a plint for which the output
$i:t
xercise 1 2_1
<+1.65-0.3-0.5-0.3
<+0.55V V,, : -G-lVrn'R, and
Vr, * V ou + v," - Vin : - Vnu ,} V z -- G*|R|v :
V,c'(^rn)= - |v t| "u|herefore
Vor,
>-1.65+0.3+0.5-0.5 lnu - 8'o8'R'V"u,+d
> -.35 v
Vu(r,n) Voo*\Vour\ /o", : V.,,(g ,n68ntRt.
*-r)-
<+1.65-0.5
< + 1.15V "-ffi 1
8.t8^(r^z|l r,,ol +
Vn1in)> -vSS+vov6
>-1.65+0.5
Since r,n || r,,7 is huge. we can neglect
> - 1.15V i
and have :
xl2.2
:
1
4q 0'5
'r -' 0.5
- l m/V
G- : mA/V G'z _ mA/V
" _VoJr'-?9_-zs I 2
'.' '''' 0.8 Cr:1P
=+fo6:r':#:40k
20
fo2 : fn4: 1O0K,|6 : '7 : 40K
A, : -|-zrnz: -4x25: -10 v/V G'n __ l m/V -_ l0O Mz
\' JF| -
(^\
2C, 2C
Ar: -1'rn _ -l X 40: -40 v/v
A : AAz: (- 10)(-40) : + 40v /v =C.:1.6rP 3;1r,,.
,. At: -G,tRr: (1 X 10 11 r,,,1
Rn : (r,,,,11 r"rl : -2 : 20 k
40k
- (1 X 10-3)(10 /2): -50 v/v
x t2.3 Ar: -G'rRz: (2x 10-3)ir,,oll r,,r;
The small-signal equivalent circuit for the op-amp
= (2x 1
3)(4O( )/2):
-4 vi v
in Fig. 1 2.1 on page of the Text is redrawn below
for a unity-gain buff'er.
A : Al'2 : (-5O)(-4) : + 2000
From Eq- 2.8' 12.7 '12.14,12'15 on page of the f : f,/ : 1OO x 106 /2X 1O3=5 Kz
Text: G., - g.1 G-2 : 8.6 (b) to moe zero to s :
R : rnzll ,"o R, : rn\| rol
R__J-__ ,=500
/or,
G,,2 2 X 'l
<_
Vout
R2
Gn':,
xercise 12_2
i:'19-3:318X <+2.5-0.3+.7:+2.9
106
] ;1 V,c"l^rn.)"= - Vss + v ov + V ov + Vr
IO106:.4 > - 2.5 + 0.3 + 0.3 + .7 : -1.2
_]18 / 1 .'. -1.2v < (V c)ll < + 2.9
- -. ; (b) By Sym.
-2.9=(Vlcn)p< + 1.2v
(c) -1.2 < (V lc)s()T < + 1.2 v
= -t_ \Hz
(d) *2.9 V (Vlcv)n'"al < + 2.9 v
]; ;] l0 X 16 X 0.2 x 1'2'9
*S l, - )rwlL\(Vcs-Vr)'
I
",cc
lz :
)w/ L)(VGS2 Vr)'
1
For ' : r:
8-:/r5:2/5k:40m/v
1.0 m/V
fn-."-2oox25+5k
ji l":
]l0 k : Vr
r.'lm
---!
25mV
tili
.'\'':' ] Vo l25V
" C - lm :
,^:
f1'roarosf t25 k()
x: l2.ll
' ''
_]
=i3.33M -/v-
: 'e Vr|n( / s)
, : -'
V uu:
lr
l-1.33 x 106
and13: a,1: 2
Fromect I v + V z : v + v B4
" /i j l, /i l
-
Llsr . /s:.1 Llr,/ro
...
I
':
' i - _r
" ,J1''l1'l'1]
". '11{r/s,-1
Exercise 1 2-3
xl2.|2 x:\2.|6
12.22 on page f the Text, Let R' R'
vB -- 0.' Vfor/. :
See Fig. =
1 mfor8!1
Rz = R + R ssume >>t and r"5 - r"6, then
/c : l0 AforQlO Vss = Vso = i(res + R1) = i(r"6 + R2)
= + 15-0.6-0.3+0.6 0.02R -
-: R10.02Rr"' .02
= + 14.' ,.,,. ,
,^'"5
v'c'1.,n1 - * Vas * V sl * V:.or *
- Vrs V nt
_ 15+0.6+0.6+0.3+0.6 Substituting R = 1 k and re = 2'63 k for 141
=
op-amp, we have
= '|2.9 0'2 l
(neglecting R1 & R2 droPs) .'r - :5.5l0
t.z + '6i
x:. |2.1'4
Assume Q, Qrl (now dide connected transis_
x:t2.l7
tors) have normal area From Fig. 12.23 on Page of the Text:
*
Q, Qzo have afea = 3 nrmal Ro = Ros l| Ror
. ^ v^ _ :
1,0 : 0.251*,,Jiffi /(,'g:u:_ 2.63 M
19 x 10-6
Ro)l=
: R,,lr: rn1,1(l+8I,{ ,tll|
,fr.
-* 8OX3:540A (, 'gXlOhr2oX25lt x '))
- t s
Ex:12.15
[' ;;, '\ ,n X -6
Assume ct - cs* c:9'5 Rolo = 31'1 M
(a) V : (Rz+ re6) : i"(| + 2'63) R,,: 2.63Il :t. : 2.421
= 3.631:
Ex: 12.18
(b) /., -
V='o
* 1orr uo G,". _- 'orn
Rr Frm q. 12.93 we hae: ff"
2 :r..'' **
=Vuu *
_ x. 12.'6 and 12.|'7 in the Text, we have:
& *t 5 2o1 , - 5.5 X lO
l. R" : 2.43 M
= 0.08/, Hence:
,l - _ 5.5 rqj- :
V
(c) /B7 :
- l:
-0.08/
n
- v'Ut'
.4/.
U,..:;;;."10^ .l3 X 10 " m/\
(z)o]" : -G.'Ro.
: -6.5 X 8.1 : -526.5 /
x:.12.23
- 3360 or
:l}11]]]l
= "-i: k
i] ] il
lllllIln]J ,u,,'
r-l : 25 mV
= r:_ Q 16 A
lllrn
- K
]]]l
= 1.-56
,fi
= :,. _<
: 200-
r_'
:-- 40 x 0.16.s
i' ]al 0.455)] : 30.3 k
vT , q'gVr(Ro ll ,,'r)
T
.",,) (R;l .,")
t Vr, Vr,
';ill
*., l
'Ll8.8 l8.8K
';
6.60.9171
: ".
100
l
+5.-s + 145.5 : yr[0.05 + 6.05]
V-
=)R.=+ _ 16_]
tT
--P )
+ Ro,
t ''",,, * ,^',
,,
2]+1-]
J
Ro = r"ro *
- r+1
(+25 +_t ,8lK\
iL\'
- so.q k , -0.O25,\ l80 st)
_ _ lll- " 0.05
;-;;;_--_--------^---
201
l - .-l ssuming z: : _50 and ra _ 2O0 and
-:- : r;Q Icll, : 180 fromTable
t (l: -]lg+ ts) :
- -- - 1t \:
*,=5
" 20t
5_94
Ro: 14.4
" " i.
-.,r - l1 k
Exercise 12-5
xz|2.25 xzt2.28
SR : 0.63 V/S
using eq. (12.129)
0.63 : 1 kz
2(|0\1X10'6 R::Rl:ffi:2O,oO
F,x:12.26
-,: ^(,
?,,(*)
I \1.r
n, : : 1,'733
ffirQ)
A,,:2-43147x10s
G^' : 12
1 ''
{=zX
.'. o : G.' R
.'.R: Ao/G.91279z
v'
SR : -- where
7
'- -- %:+ SR
2
__
2L
G-'
*.,
: 4[V+ Rl2"t QD
C.'..,:
"'ncw
r+, -
2
{:
2
sp
Gain A G-, :. A also haled
n"* : or-6dB : 11'7dB
f ,, : f ,lA -f has been halved
f n". : 2 f o: 8'2|1z
xercise l2-6
:0 k
Find 3 lorrii"r
t
s
lli ' ::lm Exercise 12.28 Assume l - i: and ir'- iu2
' _ '**(f),: (y), .'.i' _ iP :i ,
i"
(;:)('")('")
' : 2,** (f)" : ,()^
- ',
'. c 0.2 s R3, R9, and R1 Qo
llll'lil
{,
,----: o
,.o
i]
;
io, : 10\ : 6.25 A
(40)"
iu, : _ (ssume - lO )
;,
. lm
l,l - _ja - 2.5
(])".40
^l
P\
xercise 13--l
|'S :
1
-wL unchanged:
V,z _' Ro ' :
'C.'(Vo, - V,)
')' O.O8g X l() - o.zz
Ro,=>V.'
To calculate the new noise margins' we have to
= 6
2x 1o3 X 125 X 1 X (2'5 - 0.5)
indVrr' V ,"' V ,r' V o''''
.w _"
" Von : Vo : 1'8 V unchanged
R.r, therefore the current thrugh R., is zer' The power dissiptin becomes:
ft,' : 3o A/V2:
_ ls
.lO0 X lO ", ' l X lO' - * ='|
Exercise i3-2
Ex:13.7
-----: : -.1
FromEq. 13.35we hae.. Po"n : 1CVoo2
.o-V,: .3V
Po' = 1OX 06X 1X 1o_,5x 1.82
= 32.4 x 10-6 : 32.4
w
Ex:13.8
= (_1.8
- 0.5)2 PdynC'V2oo= Pyrt CV'or'
iz_l-11.g-2.5) -
P,ynz ;v;
-5 s2
- 0.5V =
* :- : 66.73
= o.
Ex: 13.9
- l8+(3-1)os v'(t1 = v.(*)
- (v.(-) - v.1o*11"-,t"
-t+l
1-1
-'-V,-Vo,
l- : 1.8 -0.s-0.12
. : 0.61V
- 61 :.69
,l -.38v
c{-: K,and
= .-:, - k,W,,
xercise 1 3-3
v o0) : v o@) - (v o|) - v o(o*))e 't" Vor'-(Vor- V o')e
'PL
)uo"*Vo):
v oo
* V o) : V o" - (V " - v or)'-'''"'" -
(Lu
", lu ",- 1u ",) :, ,'HL,I
* - voL+ vo1
?
Lrv
Lv "" "r) : ,',rL/
- (voH) + voL :tplt
"(-''(i))
__ lptl
t : '69'R'c : 0.69X10KX1/
:69ps
'_ ''(;))
,, : trr.") : p + 69 p) : 10o p
\{to"',* }l:
Exercise 13-4
S :
is:
1 ,tr":ffi" -.C
r: [i : os'
,4
From Eq. 13.68 we have:
:
tpn O.69RNC and if we substitute for R
().
Ex: L3.L3
Using Eq.
.13.-58
and I3.59: ..,
PHL
: .os
" "
x l2'| x l0' x. __
'9,?:' "'
,., _ r(V oo - lV ,ul
- V ,') 2.5
(
).
(').
r*1 =
' -l) R62_5 X 2 X l0 15
&
Exercise 13-6
J: _r 59X3X13 c Ex:13.9
a) s mentioned on page of the Text, C1n, is the
(r), contribution of intrinsic capacitances of e1y and
Qp. Therefore,
il: =50x1O_l2 C1n : 2er + 2Craz + Cdb + C.il,2
.'. Cin, : 2 :
l', 2x
0.1125 + 0.3375 + 1 + 1 2'9 fF
C"^r: C8 * Cgo * C," : o.7875 + 2.3625 + 0.2
s ,.., '=r.)
t \ L 1
- 8.3 = 3.35fF
b) From q. 13.19, we have:
/t\
-
.69R"uc", + jR"oC".,J Th" exinsic
i :efr-cion = 20.5 ps
{iliF ff d) : W Lad''*" () is doubled and L
is constant, then or area is also doubled.
* _: - ll _ (2 .7875f) + .2t
Ex: 13.20
:
Using Eq. 13.35
-,r *
tr) 16.6 psec
Payn : fCVoo' : 1 x 10e x 6.25 x O-s x2.52
_i:
* : = 39.1 w
#) 21.3 psec
The maximum possibe perating fruency is:
= },
'2to C V292 t' :
" 2
_i_ I
,j 2r, 228
Exercise l3-7
__
"
t\ - 0..l8
18
X t.5 -_ .27
.l8 y_ : s3
t/s'
Fr MoS devices:
Y __ o - O'l8X4X.l
O.l8'
- Ex: 13.25
0.l8 Using Eq. t.1.94. we hae:
6X17X1O_:
b) For NMOS devices:
V : : .25X1
:qn:X4Xl.5:#
So,
#"u,., 4ooito4
/. .1 8
;^ __ 1
' x4J0X lo-n l.51l.2_ 0.412
and propagatin delay is scaled by 1. , hence' Pe 1
4.3
t4.t
(W / L)" : 1.5 (W / L), : o'32 V': V,o+{]vljfi,- Jr)
v,:0.5+o'3vr'2
v - ,fis vl
14.2
Usingeq. (14.11) ("/T3 - s5
4 J4(5).] v, : v 0'648
: ," - V,n)'
(), : 144
io,(o)
\"(Yr)
'v
using eq. (14.12): rnru'l(ffi(s v - l V)2 _ 800 -t
= }ro
l.,", : )0.a4Qs - O'5)2 86'4 A
:
|{:
: io"(o) : V,)'
Po : "rurVoD : 86'4 '2'5 0'22 mW \,',(\),v ""'
using eq. (14.15) and (14'16):
- 1v)' :320 H
: (t] :
=
\rzo*ozv'l(})sv
-, 168
'll1-'(t)- Capacitor cuent is
:
7lO-''- : ic@) : i(o) + ir"(o) 800A + 320
tpll : 1.68 X .11 nsec
3, 10,'' ,, 1_44x2.5 = 1l20 A
situation is
To obtain iol,ltpr'we note that this
using eq. (14.17) and (14'18): can use
we
: identical t that in Exampe 14'2 and
: t.9
1.gx-7 x 10 rs
= 0.03 nsec i,(tpll): o,(), r,
tpu
1rsx10-6,(#)><,t
L,,,,_
u,,,,
t 0'03n) = .07 nsec
,, : :(t1 1 l7g\ - )'ln
2
'(l\
xercise 14-2
'- - _ t: - 0,22 ns
14.5
-]t-l-:320A R.^ Rct I Rcz 4.5 k + 6.5 k
'".4t'- 2 - --
: 8 + 320 2
= 5.5k
tpll : 0.69RC: .69(5.5kX7O)(10 15)F
tp :
0.27ns which is close to the value of
0.24ns obtained in Exercise 14.14
ili,l ts r* it-
$:t 14.6
Ro, : j9 k _-
k: j5 k
#*o.uv-".6vJ
: l.4g ()'
(2)
=1x5Xl(5-1)2
2
= 400
= 115A
i^,l _ 40 ] l75 _. 28s
'Dl t,'' 1
A = 0.56 ns
Y=AE+ (d)Follwing the hint we assume that Q*
xoR l
remains saturated during .
i'
-' '_ .lV)
\"(|)",, -
__
ioz1u,' lrr( ,'.,
=AB+AB .2
XNOR iozlo,:|*sorl(3-1 )
A
= 100
14.9 ipzl..,'Lt
(e) ,2 :
v,)' C
Since lr(Vrr) -- t-t
\"'c.,l(|)"oor- X 1O_6X.56X1O-9
10
: 152.2 = ,1.4 v
so ir(Vrr) : 2(76.1) Thus. '2 decrease o ].6 V.
PHL
'(uoo-)
14.12
',,,
5)F(1'8V Refer to Fig.'14.12 Neglecting the base curre
_ 30(1O - o.9V) : 0.19 ns of Q1 , the cuent thrugh R1,
6)A
145(1 D, Dz and R2 is
. 5.2-Vor-vo,
14.10
Ret'er t Fig. E 14. l 0
': Rr+R2
: 5.2 - o.75 ' 0.75 :
-)" !, - 0.6285 m
'''(#)",, i(v') 0.907 + 4.98
- -*, : v
(),,,: !)_)"!,-'
Thus,V, -0-57
Vn _ V-Vorr: -0'57 -0'15
(h),D(,,. : V : I rv\ (\/DD-v)2
o) ;A,i J,
Exercise 14-4
{,,.r
t : ,- Fis. 14.26 Uon: - 0.49-.75: -1.24
"
-'
_ 1.24+)
: __il
- ' - voR* (-V) l
'l8z -_ l5.2 mA
R
:-0.75+5.2 better estimate for V
BQ2iS
-4m
i.779
V ro!z : .zs * o2sln[l!.2)
o = -x4xRc2=-4x0.245: \l/
-1
, 0V (because the current through R.-1 = 0.818 V
.=
Thus a better estimate for -l is
uon : -0.49-0.818 : -1.31 V
q.
_ I :lA _ .88-0.788+52
Thus.1, - -_ 4'5'] 'q
]it1 = ". .. : v'
o.7;-
-1.25 Vrao : *0.22x 4._53 :
'i. -1 V
'
Von:-1-0.75:*1.75V
- 015 + 5.2
__-_______-_____ :
,|Rr -
4.166 mA -1.75+2 __ 5 m
i
).779 - -.---J:_--:
. -':"]
-_ .imae or /^_l
" ' '1lS
V r!, : O.z5 + ).O25ln)
\1/
= .79 V
Von: -1-0.7g:-1.79
(c) The inpur resistance
into rhe base of e3 is
: 4.12 mA (+)[r".+Rrl
').799
{Il
= lol[f + 5Ol : 5..55 k
'il
xercise 1 4-5
0_y"+.79-0.1 : x
V clno (5.55 kQ Il 0.zz l Thus.---=:-- 0.99
vi * Rt
',leo vt-0.'9+5.2
- -5.55 l 0.22 : 0.269 0.719
(#.zzr)xro3 + vs : -0.58 V
!on
-
5 : 0.99 \4.16
','l
"( 1QA 5+5 Refer to Fig. |4.26' Fr the ref'erence circuit' he
current through R1, D1, D2, and R2
11-'rr.'
'on : _0.269 X 0.909 _ -0.24 /y
c| i" 5.2 2 X 0.75 : m
'" 4.98 + 0.907
.629
Ex 15.1
Refer to Fig. 15.5 (a)
5 k )'''
when , : a, : ,n"nO* will be Vo____ l
___-l____--__
I *zpp _d__V
'
vDDt2
-,,)' : o;(o,),
1v
- 10 "X5x103X.69
ir'()",('(}),, : 6.9 ns
-_(Voo-
u) -:()'1 Ex 15.4
\
"'"
17
vDD-n)
2
I
l ,, ,. ',()(),( - o,)'
(y).1,". : ,,,
'5 )'
-r] : ,,
(l
i()(ffi)[', - O 5)() - ) l'] I
\ 1.8 - .5/
,, 'l(f), -* 172x1o-o () =
= \ ' )"
z._s
' -
'^'-2.6m
l+'J_l
8ra Ex 15.5
, : !r('C,,"'()r, - v,n - v
o)2
""
r^, ) : 2.5
\Ll"
l.'2- l X 3O0 X -6 X 2.5 (.8 - .5 - ._s)'
: 24o A
6, : 2x 1o-t2 xo.2 : 1.7 ns 6
24O10
,, () : 1.5
\Lt"
/. : l X3OX l0 6x l.5 (t.8_ O.5_ 0.5)2
'2
: 144 A
t2xo.2:2.gns
6r:2x70144
A
or:/ 1o 1
5 rW)
therefre,
\L ),'
r: 1.7nsX :2.ns
1.5
Exercise 15-2
Ex 15.11
Ex 15.6
l :
CVroo
_J-')') FromEq. 15.18: o'
(}), = (). " ?,l'-('- x l.8 : l8O
-- CVo
r
-_ 5OPF
(l)., x - (' - .)']
0.5 ns
(). = -
''()" Ex 15.12
Reler to Fig. 11.26
(), = 2.5 x 2.5= (l),, < 6'25 our decoder is an extension f that
show:
(as opposed to 3)
w" r.* n bits is the address
For minimum area: select wrd lines'
and correspondingly there will
be 2M
- Wo: to M
Wn: W 0'18m
Nov, eactof the 2M word lines
is cnnected
PMOS transistr' Thus
NMOS deices and to one
Ex 15.7 the ttal number of devices
required is
From Eqs. 5.14 and 15'15' we have: + 2M(PMos)
M2M(NMos)
1
V,l -
: zM(l + t)
C,y - : x t '1 :6.0 mV
CB 2 .:Xl0_'' " L Ex 15.13
Refer to Fig. our tree decoder will have 2
Vl - 1 1.28:
the first
tt ;i;ll"".. Tius it willhave N leels: t
c, _ -30 x 1o 12x1'2 : v
-Cr',,voo - at the second
-0.06 i""., r"." wil be 2 transistors'
, J"O 2
atthe Nth level there wil be
2N transis-
22 ,. ' . ,
- -60 mV tors. Thus th ttal number of transistors' can be
find as
Ex 15.8 : ^ , 2 r.r] + ...+ ?
Number L L
Area of the storage array
: 64x 1024 o24x2 : 134211128 pm" :2 +2+22+"'+2l)
(1
:2
: 134.2rnrn' o.equivalentlY Geometric series r
: 11.6 mm X 11.6 mm
Sum: ,'- - 2 _ |
,1 2 _l
Total chiP area
f '
'us'
increasing lhe crrespondn
().
_ 10'54 -
- '" 6
.t8
i tntlfri
voo\-e-t): o.632vDD
: 3.16 V
--J 5 V--> {.5
+2.5
C"
-'lnrlx,
.ai,, 10' - o.l ns
'": *o"()^Q.16-2
: ]xsx9x2.l2
') ')
:0.35 m
. C"v
D
_2x10-12xg.5:2.9ns
.35 X 1O-3
l-: -:x103
Exercise 16-l
Ex: 16.1
1:1
1() 2
,\ -- -20log lTl [dBl
: 1 O.99 O.9 .8 o"7 0'5 0'1 0 Q:\
A:: 0.1 | 2 3 6 20
1T]
.'.7(s) : k___-=-----:-- 1
1s+l)(s'+s+s+l)
x 6.2 since (0) : 1,k:
:
1
c2
(1 - ")
Ex:16.3
';)
'r-;,l';a',2 I
=_'=a- 2 r
, (s:+4) ./l -'- .' -" t _"]
I-1
"44
{-+,st--j:
-! a.E.D
, (rt+4)
J*ro
- lrad '
s-'l-.s* hus: { ' ,J,lt-_
12^l(l'1,11;)
I
T(o) : _
,4
- 1
rg}
1
28'6 dB
:l 4 {3) - _2O
k Jl ' 'r'
Ex:16.6
1_- ]
Ex: L6.4
. : r/lT_ l - ^/lO"'
- | -- 0'588
(,) _ -20lglT(j')l
co,'[lucos_'(fi :
'
,""'_'(fr) : k'k : 0,|,2
;:,"""'(),k:0'1,2
r:"CsO:r"
6r:rCosf:o.lr"
dr:"Cos:o.s.,
Ex:16.9
0.5
for DCr*: 1
: 1Ol-1:o.3493
(,)
" : _-"" ,:})'l
Io los| + 2cosh'"o*h
"t ,)-J
: 10 1og[1 + O.34932cosh 217csh _121]
:5 : 64.9 dB
Ex:16.10
* u'.o,'["o, '(ff /
tl .: n/ l0'o_l : .5o8{
(a) For the Chebyshe Filter:
ten ('s) : 10 tog[1 + O.50882cosh21ly'cosh
_'t.s)]
fi :0 50dB
N : 7.4 .'. choose N: 8
-'f g]- : Excess ttenuation :
6 /_
1O log[1 + 0.5O882cosh218cosh _1l.s)l - s
= .t - l,n : o,,z' :55-50:5dB
(b) For a Butterwrth Filter
i'l} - l)rl :
i---- l'. :
,
0, r,2 e 0.5088
r :
(,) : r ro[l -.(fi
0.95p ]
![n,
: 1O log[1 + 0.50882(1.5)'*]
= 50
_
r' )
: o.so," N:15.9 .'. N --
choose 16
Excess attenuatin :
5
]|} ): 1 log(t1 + 0.5882(1.5)"] - s) : 0.5 dB
Exercise l6-3
x: 16.11
9:IO3rad/s
a
selected to yeild a centre Frequency gain of
10.
Ex:16.15
(a)
104:!CRr R,:10k
C : 0.01 F
an az
.F. Gain - _+ -
D
l0 :ao
Rl
Rz : 100 k
r(s) : s2 * 'lb
Ex: 16.12 52+s/Q+lo
Reler t Fig. 16. 14 b-2
,n,,: 1 : lO-trad/s
1T(,rr)l
"cR
For R arbitrarily selected t be
l0kC: .l ,:O. l F
-
A2
10'x 1" t+
' "
The two resistors labelled R,can also be selected
(o3 - \2Qz
-l lr any two frequencies , and , at which ||
is
tbe k each.
the same
:
,,(r?r-r1) z(2o- ?)
, + ', : $
1
(),. (1)
l, rrl -'-=_:--:-
z
I(r'n 2,2 (2i -)
- ,')" +, ,.-.2 ,'2' Now t btain attenuation > A dB at , and '
:
2
where , - , Bv"
n'4+ ) ,","ol,
ltol *((l)_,i)2Q2l
.'']',,.1 =a
Jl)
l =1; r-'
=--4
2
SUB(l)
I . \n $ _ <'l| Q
/r +{lel
^/
r \,',/
" lo ]=7i6e,t,'_ 1
r2- 21 Q.
}
1
=o=_--...jq-
B}V,/!{) I'' l
o..o.
(b) Fr:3dB
This (s) : '9"
.r, I 0', '-l O'
I
o: ---+--
Btv,JIO"t 1
: t(t
BW
i{f'nm
ffi1
Jr:*
]ll1]!lllry,
Exercise 16-4
:,
L:+:,19o
oQ 260 x 6
:4.42
Ex:16.19
f : 1o kz /.o, : 50O z
"
0:=!-::ru
-, "f,u, 500
Using the data at the top of Table 16. t :
Co --C: 1.2 nF
a- {.2, - ,'.*)l R:Rz-R::Rr: 1
nC
t'-'' -.].".)2
- (%* : 13.26 k
2|0a x 1'.2x 1o-9
Ru: Q/nc: , '0 -:265k
2|oo x l.2 X l 9
Now using the data in Thbe 1 6. 1 for the bandpass
case
:@ _1 i( = centre-frequency gain = 10
5 1*rr/rr:10
Selecting rl : 10 k thenr, : 9 k
r kc)
Ex:16.20
- p : 210a
I
Eq (16.25)
':x215x13
:
5
-_
7(s)
8'1408(s + 0.2895or)
r
2.25 mH
!r - 1
7(s): -0'2895,
s + 0.2895o
Exercise 16-5
Let R, : 1 k x L6.21
Refer to he circuit in Fig. 16.24 Chsing
dcgain = Rz/R: 1 : R2: 10k C=nF
as i -+ c
R: | -l5.9k
0.2985-' _ nC 210a x lO "
lr(j)l 4 I
.Cn' : k
UsingEq. (16.62) andselecting R1 10
"T"
Select R, -Rz:R::Rs:1k
+C: : 2.43 nF
JA2g3x2104xlo4
C:C:C--2.43nF
n
- - L-oiql'n
.4684 - l.4=> ^ - _9-:
,,('
14 k
(s) : 0.98832
v^ ,,(Rr/ R"\s2 + (RF/R1)-2n
Vi
._
"
l s,,/Q1rl2u
s2
The circuit is similar to that in (b) abve but with
given C : lnF R : 10 k
Rr : Rz - R:: R5 _ 10k
Cr:Ca: 7
;: R_ - '' l ,_-_ll.8:]k
oC 25 X l'X o
ln X 10* J9s83x214x14
R:1k+R": 10k
- 1.6 nF
:
R2 _ 10k*R, R2(2Q-1)
o:J8&1
_ :5.56 :
1789 =-10(10 - 1) 9 k
ThusRu : Q/,,C:55.6k &-' : _2=R,
- "
: lor9]' : 25.6 k
Pacing the three sections in cascade' i.e. connect_ Rr*o \5/
ing the output of the firsrorder section to the
input of the second-rder sction in (b) and the DCgain = : (z ;)fr : ,
output of of section (b) to the input of (c) results
in the verall transfer function in eq. (16.25). R, : 3}:9.: 16.7 k
xercise l6-6
jbr ,'+r[-___-+ l
\ "x2X Os \ :
l;;;/*
^
---------.:1.59nF
1
;,
{lll l
]10* X l0* ,'+ r13 X lJ) + 1Os _ 0
lM = :r. . 0:20k
,: -3xot^/qxo'-x
:1
-ein = Q
: t
2
ll1f, : 2 19 x:16.27
vi
]i :rd abe 16.2
1
,l,*''', *^^'-.,iE
Vt: O- vo
sczRl
1at ()
j:?+SCr(V-Vi-#\
V^
* v,-v^
o;;":o
&*sc u"*##,r
,l
2 X 1O*s + oV _ n
ffr;l
1'-l- sc2.R3R4
: : nF vo= _/ Ro
vi
: ]k sc + +1
.tc2R3R4
KQ
uil-'-_ ] --
- \ 2x1o4 X: 10a+: O'5
'cg7o
l
l' C&) -
nus & : l k: R.
ffit,,'" = -_- : ]0-9 F, R : 2X
l_ -- 00 k
1O5 ,
lffi = *' -'l.
Exercise 16-7
1 ,
- _ !9--'--- : -l.s(
Ex: 16.28 .s;o
^+2.o
s9 -
"R+
!=.__-1x2--l%
)- O 2
vo
(c) Combining the results in (a) & (b)
vo
Ca
oo:-1'1:-2o
R2
o
,ro
(') - *" C,
ri:{-C' +.si:C,-z
'" C,
- _!_2l+
11
') '(-2-2
:2-2:0
Vn: V,, + SC'V, R2
- V,,(t + SC, Rr) : so-,^J) l sg,=C'-l
"L2
'C
O
1at() a
^Q
:o(-2)+(0)(-2)+0:0
- - n + V SCa(SC,,Rz)
SC3v
t ; f;sc.n,
vi * 'sc'Rl ] sc,,+ l
Ex: 16.31
- yol srcrc.R,
-n, R.
From Eq (16.96) & (16.97)
R1 I
C:C:6TC
vo
-
1 / C3C4R2
- 2loa l ,x20
vi . 20 X lr
sz + s.ft_,(r
ft). -
6.283 pF
hL
I ..
2 : '1a
S'o:
R3
- 7/2 *'o: 2 I
(2x455x lOr)2X5X l
6
-
Exercise 16-8
:.rlrjthr,;?s
,'lMirlll'ri mur; e: n caions C: 1_
'2oL (210.77 x 106;2X3 l-6
1fl. = 'iS __ ls5 pF
-
.1ll 72.8
,illll{i ' R: I:
,,,:, " f,' _
'=-l-i.-i CBt
l,- 72'8 x 10 L2
x 141.4 2 |03
,'
: 15.5 k
:li]m]il] ]il,i|]fil,,, = _: 5 X 455 X 1O3 X 5 X 10-6
For stage 2
t:. - ,fh,rtritt
,;
?- I
- k bzL (2 lo.63 x X lO'6
+r
O6;2 X.1
- | fili'
_ - an
: 74.7 pF
R: 1 =
-
-]l = _!_ :
* C, 74J x
zq..l 1o_|2 14|.4 2 1o3
.= 1 : 15.1 k
: _its tr
Ex:16.37
::e 1ltage developed across Ri is
Gain f stagger-tuned amplifier atl is propor-
ff;;]{ hu_s. Vr" : R/n & tional to
lJn,,'i-],- = s- R/n,here p-l-
"sae ^ -sage2
=#'-
lL
l9.*
L
1,'-s* =
::x15.5xl5.t
1
:7
Gain of synchrnous-tuned amplifier at to
Rrug"l X Rsage2
Eq (16.110)
: 6.95 x 6.95
- ']
lil'.fr .r[z : 48.3
-*D
= - (16.I15)
-
_ _ :rq on, -
lll
"{F-- .,-) lo.77 Hz
Ex: 17.1
_ 1kz
+(:d,n.n,r*i,
t6'
le frequency f,,
(b) The frequency of oscillation is (10s/16) rad/s
galn:
Centre frequency tplpt clt'l r 1 kz
peak ?6 the
: !vzv (c) Refer t fig. 17.5. t the positine
drop (0'7 V)
'
Vn-Vu yb-(-5)
:''(;)+(r+J)
Rl R.'
(b)"f":
Ex:17.3 ;fr: z,,-lEl', 16 X 10-9
(a) L(s)
Rl\
- - * i,)777,
Zp :\ kz
Ex:17.5
: ('*ft)('=+tJ woring from the utpu back t the
input and
continuing the equations we get
1
v t Vo ,
' '
-'scn]
I
where R : 1 k and C
: l6 nF
Thus
u": #,(r',#)
: 3'03 _ vo,- l -
scR *' '-*)]
s-cnrl', scn'=L
L(s)
.*, lo-s + ---l----
.Sy !6x l0 =
The closed loop poles are tbund
by settlng
f s' satifiying
:#,.#*#)
iirl = tt ut ir, itl"y are the alues
x
',
x : 303
-' r J/\
3 +.s 16 10-s + ---J--
5116x1
]
Exercise 17-2
v"/ R Ex:17.8
$
\-Vo.Yo *s
&
[rk
v,:vorh#:r"(, .F;)
r*(rt.,*r&-r)]
',t,, :
fosm- the magnitude f
l - G'- *), o
! l or geater than) unity,
R:OO:q...
JC(Lt + L2)
I,:01g^R"t:#
foe f R.is
_Lr
- 4R -4R
+ L2
L2
*, C-R: 1
3 + 8^R': L/ Lz
for scilations to start
g'R)> L1 / L2 Q..D.
_t x: |7.9
]lOr R : qll R,ll o
= .nk
w large as the voltage : ,I ,|| zxlo3ll xIoJ
:fu ak-t-peak amplitude 1OoX1O "
:l0l 2|l 1O : 1.64k
C.
t,-t.r:40xt.64:65.6
Exercise I 7-3
,1
z CtC,
&),,-
''c\+c2
= 100
0.66 X 10
6
O.1
lor2 x
0.l + .66
Ex: 17.10
from Eq (17.24)
"1
\
2]LC' a_ sz'o.olzx 10-]2
:
2.015 Mz
from Eq (11.25)
.1
'P
1-
I
l
C"C"
o '
"^fr;ft-, Timedelay= ms=.125 ms
f
|.szxa9]
2
0.02 + 4
: 2.018 Mz F,x:17.14
a : g-&
=9! 3V
7
2x2.015xrc6x0.52
120
" = 55,000
Ex: 17.11
Vll:Vr:ltt
R'
-,: Rr+R2 ,13
R, : 1.6
comparator with a threshold of 3 V and output
R levelsof:t12V
R2 - 16k
Ex:17.15
x17.12 |V-|
l'rl
00 : 50 mV
2
v r" - V r,,: l'f ,R,
ft, 5Xl0 :10
5: R'x10
R2 &:10
Rr: 2Rt
R] .06
R, : k R2 : 20 k Rz : 200 Rr
Possibe chice 10
forR,:1k R2:200k
Exercise 17-4
_
,- ' ]^ X lnr l.09 .)
\I _ 0.09t/
:: F{
Tt T2
During
V : 12 - (2 + V o)e '/5
R2 '(t1
V: Voatt:T/2
10k V: 12-(12+Vo)n-''''
: z."n(12+Vo\
\2-VD)
: 2 XO.l l0-6X OX lrx ln|2 + 7r)
\12 - V r)
Jt_-1_-;@\5oo
3
0 k
\12-vD)
fltr"":
,.(+#)
_4281z
t 0'c, V : .7 +.05
0.75 V :
lt : 500
J lo, _--
:-- : 3'995 Hz
h(12.7s\
\r1.25 )
t 50'c, Vn : O.7 - o.O5 : 0.65 V
/lrr., : - ':
r.rg.6s)
: 4'6ll Hz
\ 1 1.35/
t 10'c , V : 0.7 * O.15 : 0.55 V
/l,no". - :'ioo,
tnr12.ss)
: 5,45l z.
\1r.4sl
Ex:17.18
To obtain a triangular waveform with l0_V peak_
to-peak amplitute we shoud have
V7u:-Vrr:5Y
But/",: -a+R,
R2
Thus -5 : -10 x R2
10
Ru : 20k
xercise [7-5
: :
1O0 X t 6 0.1 x 1O-6 R3 -(i#) to select R, so that i 6.4 mA'
Ex:.17.22 , (m)
i
--> 8
Rl
6
- ,u 4
2 Slope = 1/R,
--0.1 ;
t:2V,i:0.4mA
Thust,' :2: st
04
For 3V'< v ='v
. u -_]
'RrR2 t-
1
Exercise 17-6
Thus, v, : .5 V so
aA : 7)o : 0.51 v
', o
l: I v/o: 1v
i : 1 mA, p : .7 V l _ 13
at : -1 V -Thenegativefeedbackloopisnot
operative.
o:0 : -12
lilr( u
,s
h1
-'
- 2.42 V 11
L5 v,l
? / l\
x:17.25
2.s )
f 1 , 2.42\
2,s )
rt 2.42\
2.s )
:'::' : \-,. - ,2Rr) - (Vr, - "1ir)
: f ,-,)R"
__P ./1_2.42
2.5
: -. :: K l. .? x 2'42 -+.,4+94 \/
2.5
For the diode to cnduct and close the negative
{.:: ]-_1J
feedback loop, omust be negative, in which
case, the negatie feedback causes a virtual short
)A circuit to appear between the input terminas of
o the op amp and thus o: l, For positive U/ , the
n summary
=1
o: 0 for ,>0
Un: a for 1<0
n r"'aIp is ideal o : rfor z: > O. x: l7.26
, rnv ,o: 10mV Refer to Fig(17.34)
E^--.U/
l Y.
--,l/.
mv :10 D, wil1 cnduct and close the negative feedback
R
: rJ = 1m
m 10 oop around the op amp. :
0, the current
l,il'i .1 -
:) :0.7V 0.6V 0.5v through R, and D, wiit be 1 m. Thus the votage
at the op amp output. 1t a : -0J V which will set
Exercise 1 7-7
For , : -10mV
* n curfnt flws through
12 0
Current flows from through Rl' R"
D1 into the
so
As z, goes negative, the above circuit hlds
0 :
This situation remains the case until 1
... 15+'l:o
3R R
: -5V
l'1-5-DzoffD,-on
u0
: -R,
7l R1
Exercise 17-8
= + o.7 o.l
-" '"'I
o Q-l)
{j:0-R r/
: .6V
=,-(ii.#)" (c)
:
1 10 V - similar to (a) & (b)
= -r - 5 - ainput teiminals (nt grunded) of opamps is
note U/ : : - equal t 0v.
7l0+ o.7 , - 4'3>o
: 10
:. D2:0-Vo<-Drff!
1 : : 1 m-diodevtages : O.7V
V : o+ Jz : 10 + .7 : 1O.7 V
d)ur:.1
Vs: Vr-fV^
= O. O.7J .tlon[Q2\
"\ /
= 0.63 V
V= _12
<-
0.01m 1= 0 + 0.1
10 + "= 0'o2 m
ov V6=_
= 0.0lm
=.Iv
{.r.na
V'=V+ (
0.1V = u =O.l+O7+l.,/.o
-
=0.63V \,
,|,o.l,,R = (e) IV - use circuit in (d)
0.1 m
vo : -vr: 1V
ai 1 :g.1 1,:0.1 m
o,:*,=0.2mA
\B Vr: Vo V-
lr all circuits, currents are given in m, resis_
:nce in k & vltages in V. = 1+O.7+O.r(Q?)
"\l/
: 1.63 V
Exercise 17-9
V: V : 0.7V and
s"lt x o.o5
v,,
- - 4.5
- o.o8 v
Thus
Forlr>0,i.e., _ 1"'
V.l,o* _ O.7 + .8 + 0.7 + _5'D : s.55 v
, : -|l'| and
'lJ: _|"_zX |,rl :+|",1
Similar|y we can calculae :
: -8.55 V
Forr<0'i.e., _ -ll
1/,
lmin
z _ 0, : -|x - |r||
= + |,|
Thus, the block diagram implements the absolute
value peration.
Using the circuits of Fig( 1 7.34 a), with the diodes
reersed, to implement the halt'-wae rectifier, and
a weighted summer results in the circuit shown
belw.
UseR _ Rf _ lOk