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TENSES IN ENGLISH

2. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE


1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
A. NOMINAL FORM (TO BE)
A. NOMINAL FORM (TO BE)
(+) I/SHE/HE/IT + TO BE (Was) + COMPLEMENT
(+) I + TO BE (Am) + COMPLEMENT
YOU/WE/THEY + TO BE (Were) + COMPLEMENT
YOU/WE/THEY + TO BE (Are) + COMPLEMENT
Example : I was there last night | We were there last night
HE/SHE/IT + TO BE (Is) + COMPLEMENT
(-) SUBJECT + TO BE (Was/Were) + NOT + COMPLEMENT
Example : I am a Doctor | You are the Doctors | He is a Doctor
Example : I was not there last night | We were not there last night
(-) SUBJECT + TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENT
(?) TO BE (Was/Were) + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT ?
Example : I am NOT a Doctor | You are NOT the Doctors | He is NOT a Doctor
Example : Was she there last night? | Were you there last night?
(?) TO BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT ?

Example : Are you a Doctor? | Is he a Doctor?


B. VERBAL FORM (TO DO)

(+) SUBJECT + VERB 2 + OBJECT/ADVERB


B. VERBAL FORM (TO DO)
Example : I ate pizza last Saturday |We slept at her house yesterday
(+) I/YOU/WE/THEY + VERB 1 + OBJECT/ADVERB
(-) SUBJECT + DID NOT + VERB 1 + OBJECT/ADVERB
HE/SHE/IT + VERB 1 + S/eS + OBJECT/ADVERB
Example : I did not eat pizza last Saturday | We did not sleep at her house
Example : I swim | She swims | He watches yesterday

(-) I/YOU/WE/THEY + DO + NOT + OBJECT/ADVERB (?) DID + SUBJECT + VERB 1 + OBJECT/ADVERB

HE/SHE/IT + DOES + NOT + OBJECT/ADVERB Example : Did you eat pizza last Saturday? | Did they sleep at her house
yesterday?
Example : I do NOT swim | She does NOT swim | He does NOT watch

(?) DO + I/YOU/WE/THEY + VERB 1 +OBJECT/ADVERB

DOES + HE/SHE/IT + VERB 1 +OBJECT/ADVERB

Example : Do you often swim here? | Does he often swim here?

NB : SUBJECT = I, YOU, WE, THEY, SHE, HE, IT


3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 4. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. NOMINAL FORM (TO BE) (+) I + AM + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

(+) I/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVE + BEEN + COMPLEMENT HE/SHE/I + IS + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + BEEN + COMPLEMENT YOU/WE/THEY + ARE + VERB1-ING + OBJ/ADV

Example : I have been planted that tree | He has just planted that tree Example : I am singing my favourite song | He is sleeping tightly | we are listening
to the teacher
(-) SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + COMPLEMENT
(-) SUBJECT + TO BE + NOT + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV
Example : I havent been there for 2 years | He hasnt been there since yesterday

(?) HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + BEEN + COMPLEMENT ? Example : I am not sleeping | He is not sleeping | We are not sleeping

Example : Have you been here since yesterday? | Has he been there for a while? (?) TO BE + SUBJECT + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV ?

NB: Utk kejadian yang baru saja terjadi atau dilakukan, bisa juga menggunakan kata Example : Am I dying? | Are you learning English? | Is she working here?
keterangan just. Utk menyatakan peristiwa yg telah diawali pada masa lampau
dan terus berlangsung sampai sekarang maka digunakan: for dan since. Dengan 5. THE PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
menambahkan keterangan waktu mis: last month, yesterday, so long, a while etc.
A. NOMINAL FORM (TO BE)

B. VERBAL FORM (TO DO) (+) I/WE + WILL/SHALL + BE + COMPLEMENT

(+) I/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJ/ADV HE/SHE/IT/THEY/YOU + WILL + BE + COMPLEMENT

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + VERB 3 + OBJ/ADV


Example: They will be there in a minute | We shall dance together tonight
Example : He has lived here for 10 years | I have worked here since last year
(-) SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE + COMPLEMENT
(-) SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + VERB 3 + OBJ/ADV
Example: They wont be there tonight | We shall not go together
Example : He has not lived here for 10 years | I have not worked here since last
year (?) WILL/SHALL + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT ?

(?) HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB 3 + OBJ/ADV ?


Example: Will you marry me? | Shall we date?
Example : Have you seen her since last week? |Has he brought the paper?
NB: Penggunaan Shall lebih mengarah kepada pernyataan tegas mis:
We shall not eat that food! (Kita tidak boleh makan makanan
itu!). Sedangkan kalimat pertanyaan yg menggunakan Shall adl
utk menyatakan suatu tawaran atau ajakan. Bentuk pertanyaan
Will adl utk Invitation, request, dan offer.
6. THE PAST CONTIUOUS TENSE 8. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

VERBAL FORM (TO DO) VERBAL FORM (TO DO)

(+) I/HE/SHE/IT + WAS + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV (+) I/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVE + BEEN + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

YOU/WE/THEY + WERE + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV SHE/HE/IT + HAS + BEEN + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

Example: I was swimming with my friends | We were swimming together Example: I have been living here since 2000 | She has been working since
2004
(-) SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV
(-) SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV
Example: I wasnt sleeping | They were playing football when you came
Example: I havent been working there when you came
(?) WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

Example: Were you working in that office? | What was he doing before I
came here?

NB : Digunakan utk menyatakan dua peristiwa yg terjadi secara berurutan


pada masa lampau. Peristiwa pertama dinyatakan dlm bentuk Past
Contiuous Tense, sedangkan peristiwa kedua dinyatakan dlm bentuk
Simple Past Tense. Mis: While we were studying, my father came home.

7. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

VERBAL FORM (TO DO)

(+) I/WE + WILL/SHALL + BE + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

HE/SHE/IT/THEY/YOU + WILL + BE + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

Example: They will be going to the hospital at seven

(-) SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE + VERB 1-ING +OBJ/ADV

Example: They wont be going to the hospital at seven

(?) WILL/SHALL + SUBJECT + BE + VERB 1-ING + OBJ/ADV

Example: Will they be going to the hospital at seven?

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