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We like to extend our earnest gratitude to Mr. Manvir Ajad our project
guide, whose timely guidance kept me to right direction to complete.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
INTRODUCTION
COMPANY PROFILE
Profile of Industry
Profile of HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD
Logistic
Conclusions
RECOMMENDATION
Bibliography
METHODOLOGY
Defines the study objective:
The objectives behind carrying out this study was to basically identify
sales strategies, channel of distribution existing in the industries and
fields in which they can be improved.
Our study also includes studying the importance of sales report and its
management.
Not only has this but also how supply chain management helps to
improves their sales and distribution.
Sector chosen;
Manufacturing sector, Aluminium Industries
The company chosen HINDALCO
Developing the study plan;
Data collection methods:
1. Primary data source
Questionnaire. Openended (left open for the information)
(A.) First hand information from company sales persons.
Interview.
(B.) Interview with company executives.
2. Secondary data sources.
Internet.
In House Publications
CONTACT METHOD
Under contact method, personal interview were used to collect the
information . For the interview purpose the questions to be asked were
pre-defined and structured.
Personal interview was arranged and telephonic interview ere used.
INTRODUCTION
ADITYA BIRLA GROUPS
A US $40 billion corporation, the Aditya Birla Group is in the League of
fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of over 133,000
employees, belonging to 42 different nationalists. The group has been
ranked Number 4 in the Global Top Companies for Leaders survey and
ranked number 1 in Asia Pacific for 2011. Top Companies for Leaders
is the most comprehensive study of organizational leadership in the
world conducted by Aon Hewitt, fortune magazines and RBL (a
strategic HR and Leadership Advisory firm).
Over 53 per cent of its revenues flow from its overseas operations. The
group operates in 36 countries Australia, Austria , Bangladesh, Brazil,
Canada , China, Egypt , France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia,
Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Laos, Luxembourg, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain,
Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK,
USA and Vietnam.
In India:
A top fashion ( branded apparel ) and lifestyle players
The second largest player in viscose filament yarn
The largest producer in the chlor- alkali sector
Among the top three mobile telephony companies
A leading player in life insurance and asset management
Among the top two supermarket chains in the retail business
Among the top 10 BPO companies
Group Companies:
Grasim Industries LTD.
Hindalco Industries LTD.
Aditya Birla Nuvo LTD.
Shree Digvijay Cement Co LTD.
Ultra Tech Cement
Indian companies:
PSI Data SYSTEMS
Team Works
Essels Mining & Industies LTD.
Shree Digvijay Cement Ltd.
Birla NGK Insulators
Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd.
International companies:
Thailand :
Indo Thai Synthetics
Century Textiles
Thai Acrylic Fibre
Thai Carbon Black
Philippines:
Indo Phil Textiles Mills
Indo Phil Cotton Mills
Indo Phil Acrylic Manufacturing Corporation
Indonesia:
PT Indo Bharat Rayon
PT Elegant Textiles Industry
PT Sunrise Bumi Textiles
PT Indo Liberty Textiles
Egypt :
Alexandria Carbon Black Company S.A.E
Alexandria Fiber Company
China :
Liaoning Birla Carbon
Canada :
AV Cell Inc
AV Nackawic Inc
Australia :
Aditya Birla Minerals Ltd
Laos
Birla Loas Pulp and Paper Plantation Company Ltd
Joint ventures:
Birla Sun Life Insurance
Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd
Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Ltd
Sectors:
Aluminium
Copper
Cement
Carbon black
Textiles
Fertilizers
Chemical
Insulator
Gas
Software
BPO
Telecom
Retail
Finance And Insurance
HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED
OVERVIEW:
A Glimpse of History:
The Hindalco story dates back to the young Indian democracy of the 1950s. Ready
to take a giant leap, India was geared to make it big, especially in terms of
innovation and industrialisation.
Hindalco embarked on its journey in 1958. Its first real contribution to the vision of
an industrial India occurred four years later, when the visionary late Mr. GD Birla
set up India's first integrated aluminium facility at Renukoot, in the eastern fringe
of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was backed by a captive thermal power plant at
Renusagar in 1967. Hindalco attained its leadership position in the aluminium
industry under the dynamic leadership of the late Mr.Aditya Vikram Birla a
formidable force in the Indian industry.
And it was through the vision and guidance of Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, the
Group Chairman that the business segments of aluminium and copper are
consolidated to make Hindalco the non-ferrous metals powerhouse it is today. This
was achieved in part by expansion through mergers and acquisitions with
companies such as Indal and Birla Copper. Hindalco also secured copper reserves
and amplified its operating base by acquiring Australian copper mines.
Over the years, Hindalco has grown into a major vertically integrated aluminium
company in the country and among the largest primary producers of aluminium in
Asia. Its copper smelter is today one of the world's largest custom smelter at a
single location.
In 2007, the landmark acquisition of Novelis Inc., the world's largest aluminium
rolling company, placed Hindalco's footprint across the globe, securing it a rank
amongst the top five global aluminium majors.
NOVELIS ACQUISITION
Aditya Birla Groups Hindalco Industries limited, NOVELIS Inc have entered into
a definitive agreement for HINDALCO to acquire NOVELIS in an all cash
transaction which values NOVELIS at approximately US6$ billion, including
approximately US2.4$billion of dept.
NOVELIS is the worlds largest producer of rolled Aluminium, and recycle of
Aluminium cans, with 12500employees in all 11 countries, a market value of $2.9
billion and $3.2 billion of debt. It was spun off from Canadian Alumimium
Company Alcan but incorporated in Atlanta, USA.
Carbon black
The group entered the carbon black business in 1980 with its first plant in
Thailand. Eight year later, it built another plant in Renukoot in Utter Pradesh. In
1994 the group commenced carbon block production in Alexandria in Egypt.
After its new plant at Goomidipoondi near Chennai going on stream, the AV Birla
groups carbon black capacity has expanded to 3.1 lakh tpa.
EXTRUTION
Hindalco has two extrusion plants in India, one in renukoot, Uttar Pradesh, and the
other at Alunpuram, Kerla. Both plants have well- established manufacturing
processes and Q.A. systems honed over five decades of experience.
FACTFILE
Aluminium;
Worlds largest aluminium rolling company.
One of the biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia.
Market share of 48%.
One of the lowest-cost producers of aluminium in the world.
Over 58% of sales in value- added products.
Fully integrated aluminium plant at renukoot, UP.
Aluminium metal plant at Silvassa, in Dadra & Nagar Haveli.
Foil plants at silvassa. Foil unit of Indal at Kollur.
Aluminium refining capacity of 1,160,000 tpa going up to 1,500,00 tpa.
Aluminium metal producing capacity of 445,oootpa.
PRODUCTLINE UP OF HINDALCO
1.) Aluminium Metal
2.) Flat Rolled Products
3.) Extrude Products
4.) Redraw Rods
5.) Aluminium Foils
6.) Alloy Wheels
7.) Copper Cathods
8.) Cast Copper Rods
HEAD OFFICE
Head office of HINDALCO is located at Mumbai.
REGIONAL OFFICE OF HINDALCO IN INDIA
MUMBAI
DELHI
BA NGALORE
KOLKATA
UNITS OF MANUFACTURING HINDALCO IN INDIA
BELPUR, HOWRAH (WEST BENGAL)
MOUDA, NAGPUR (MAHARASTA)
RENUKOOT, SONEBHADRA (UTTAR PRADESH)
TALOZA, NAVI MUMBAI ( MAHARASTRA)
Logistics
Market logistics means getting the right goods to the right places, at the right
time, for the most effective cost.
Four major decisions must be made with regard to market logistics;
1.) Order processing
2.) Warehousing
3.) Inventory
4.) Transportation
Now on the basis of our study we will explain HINDALCO market logistics
decisions.
Order Processing
How should orders be handled? The most important factor is order to payments
cycles. This means the elapsed time between the order recivied, delivery and
payments,
Transportation
How the goods are to be shipped is solved by transportation decisions. There are
five transportation modes; rail, air, truck, water , way. Criteria such as speed,
frequency, dependability, capability, availability and cost help in the choice of
transportation.
Mode of transportation
From company to dealers in truck, size of truck depending on order. Today
containerization is used as the effective way of transferring goods.
Mr. Birla chairs the Boards of all of the Groups major companies in India and
globally. Its clutch of global companies features Novelis, Columbian Chemicals,
Aditya Birla Minerals, Aditya Birla Chemicals, Thai Carbon Black, Alexandria
Carbon Black, Domsj Fabriker and Terrace Bay Pulp Mill, among others. In
India, he chairs the Boards of Hindalco, Grasim, Aditya Birla Nuvo, UltraTech and
Idea.
The Groups businesses are spread across a swath of industries. These include
aluminium, copper, cement, textiles (pulp, fibre, yarn, fabric and branded apparel),
carbon black, insulators, natural resources, power, agribusiness,
telecommunications, financial services, retail and trading.
Business record
Mr. Birla took over as Chairman of the Group in 1995, at the age of 28, after the
untimely demise of his father. As Chairman, Mr. Birla has taken the Aditya Birla
Group to an altogether higher growth trajectory. In the 20 years that he has been at
the helm of the Group, he has accelerated growth, built a meritocracy and
enhanced stakeholder value.
In the process he has raised the Groups turnover from US $2 billion in 1995, to
US $41 billion today. Mr. Birla has restructured the businesses to emerge as a
global/national leader in the sectors in which the Group operates. He has made 36
acquisitions in 19 years in India and globally, the highest by an Indian
multinational in India.
The acquisition of Novelis, a global metals major, in 2007, the second largest
acquisition ever by an Indian company, led to a new found respect for Indian
companies and stoked a higher level of interest in the country as well. The
subsequent acquisition of Columbian Chemicals, a US-based company and the
worlds third largest carbon black manufacturer positioned the Group as the No. 1
player in this sector, given its own sizeable carbon black operations today.
Likewise, the acquisition of Domsj Fabriker, a leading Swedish speciality pulp
manufacturer enables the Groups Pulp and Fibre business to further consolidate its
global position.
Besides these, over the years Mr. Birla has acquired manufacturing plants in
Canada, China, Indonesia and mines in Australia, and set up new plants in Egypt,
Thailand and China. Alongside, he has expanded capacities in all of the Groups
manufacturing units.
In India as well, he has made major acquisitions, the most notable being the
Cement division of Larsen & Toubro, Jaypee Cement (MP & Gujarat), Indal from
Alcan, Madura Garments from Coats Viyella, the Chlor Alkali division of Kanoria
Chemicals and Solaris Chemtech Industries.
Under his stewardship, the Aditya Birla Group enjoys a position of leadership in
all the major sectors in which it operates. Over the years, Mr. Birla has built a
highly successful meritocratic organisation, anchored by an extraordinary force of
120,000 employees belonging to 42 different nationalities. The Aditya Birla Group
has been ranked fourth in the world and first in Asia Pacific in the Top Companies
for Leaders study 2011, conducted by Aon Hewitt, Fortune Magazine and RBL (a
strategic HR and leadership advisory firm). The Group has topped Nielsen's
Corporate Image Monitor 2014-15 and emerged as the Number 1 corporate, the
'Best in Class', for the third successive year.
In key responsible positions on various regulatory bodies
Mr. Birla holds several key positions on various regulatory and professional
Boards. He was a Director on the Central Board of Directors of the Reserve Bank
of India. He was Chairman of the Advisory Committee constituted by the Ministry
of Company Affairs and also served on The Prime Minister of Indias Advisory
Council on Trade and Industry.
He serves on the London Business Schools Asia Pacific Advisory Board and is an
Honorary Fellow of the London Business School.
Mr. Birla has won recognition for his exemplary contribution to leadership
processes and institution/systems building. A selective list:
A firm practitioner of the trusteeship concept, Mr. Birla has institutionalised the
concept of caring and giving at the Aditya Birla Group. With his mandate, the
Group is involved in meaningful welfare driven activities that distinctively impact
the quality of life of weaker sections of society, surrounding hundreds of villages
that are among the poorest in India, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Egypt.
In India, the Aditya Birla Group is engaged in 5,000 villages, reaching out to 7.5
million people annually and making a difference to their lives through
meticulously conceived projects focusing on health care, education, sustainable
livelihood, infrastructure and social causes. For instance, the Group runs 42
schools which provide quality education to 45,000 children. Of these, over 18,000
children receive free education. Additionally, over a 100,000 youngsters benefit
from bridge educational programmes and vocational training. Its 18 hospitals tend
to more than a million villagers. In line with its commitment to sustainable
development, the Group has partnered with the Columbia University in
establishing the Columbia Global Centres Earth Institute in Mumbai. To embed
CSR as a way of life in organisations, the company has set up the FICCI Aditya
Birla CSR Centre for Excellence in Delhi.
Educational background
Personal details
Born June 14, 1967, in Kolkata, Mr. Birla was raised in Mumbai. Mr. Birla and his
wife, Mrs. Neerja Birla, have three children, Ananyashree, Aryaman Vikram and
Advaitesha.
MILESTONES OF PROGRESS
2015
Mahan and Aditya Aluminium smelters and Utkal refinery come onstream.
2013
First metal tapped at Mahan Aluminium.
Utkal Alumina Refinery goes on stream.
2011
Refinance of Novelis debt of US$4 billion to enable strategic flexibility for
growth. This was a landmark innovation in financing - not only did Hindalco
get back 50 per cent of the invested equity within four years, but also opened
up a novel funding avenue between Novelis and Hindalco.
Achieved financial closure of two projects through debt financing - Utkal
Alumina for Rs.4,906 crore and Mahan aluminium for Rs.7,875 crore.
2010
Expansion of copper rod mill to 160 KTPA.
2009
QIP: Raised US$600 million for projects, the largest straight QIP in India.
2008
Alumina expansion at Muri.
Rights issue: Raised a total of Rs.4,426 crore for re-financing the bridge loan
taken for the acquisition of Novelis.
2007
Successful acquisition of Novelis, making Hindalco the largest in aluminium
rolling and among the global top five metals majors, with a presence in 12
countries outside India.
Acquisition of Alcans 45 per cent equity stake in the Utkal Alumina project,
thereby making Hindalco the 100 per cent project owner.
2006
Hindalco announces 10:1 stock split. Each share with face value of Rs.10 per
share split into 10 shares of Rs.1 each.
Hindalco completes largest rights issue in the history of Indian capital markets
with a total size of Rs.22,266 million.
Equity offering and subsequent listing of Aditya Birla Minerals Limited on the
Australian Stock Exchange.
MoU signed with the government of Madhya Pradesh for a greenfield
aluminium sm
elter in the Siddhi district of the state.
2005
All businesses of Indal, except for the Kollur foil plant in Andhra Pradesh,
merged with Hindalco Industries Limited.
MoUs signed with the state governments of Odisha and Jharkhand for
setting up greenfield alumina refining, smelting and power plants.
Commissioned Copper III expansion, taking total capacity to 500,000 TPA.
2004
Copper smelter expansion to 250,000 TPA.
2003
Hindalco acquires Nifty copper mine in March 2003, through Aditya Birla
Minerals Limited (ABML, formerly Birla Minerals Resources Pty. Ltd.).
ABML acquires Mount Gordon copper mines in November 2003.
Equity stake in Indal increased to 96.5 per cent through an open offer.
Brownfield expansion of aluminium smelter at Renukoot to 345,000 TPA.
2002
Amalgamation of Indo Gulf Corporation Limiteds copper business, Birla
Copper, with Hindalco, effective from April 1, 2002.
2000
Acquisition of controlling stake in Indian Aluminium Company Limited
(Indal) with 74.6 per cent equity holding.
1999
Aluminium alloy wheels production commenced at Silvassa.
Brownfield expansion of metal capacity at Renukoot to 242,000 TPA.
1998
Foil plant at Silvassa goes on stream. Hindalco attains ISO 14001 EMS
certification.
1995
Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla takes over as Chairman of the Hindalco Board.
1991
Beginning of a major expansion programme.
1967
Commissioning of Renusagar power plant a strategic and far-sighted
move.
1965
Downstream capacities commissioned (rolling and extrusion mills) at Renukoot.
1962
Commencement of production at Renukoot (Uttar Pradesh) with an initial
capacity of 20,000 MTPA of aluminium and 40,000 MTPA of alumina.
1958
Incorporation of Hindalco Industries Limited.
Awards won by Hindalco in Different fileds.
2015
Aditya Aluminium wins Kalinga Safety Award for Best Practices in Safety &
CSR, presented at the Odisha State Safety Conclave.
Utkal Alumina International Limited wins the Think Media Best CSR Case
Study Award 2014 on the theme of Access to Quality Health Care Services.
Hirakud wins Greentech CSR Silver Award 2014 for its initiatives in
Sustainable Livelihood in and around the unit location.
Hirakud Smelter wins CII Easter Region Quality Award 2014-15 (Certifi cate
of Appreciation) in the large scale category.
Birla Copper Dahej wins Greentech CSR Silver Award 2014 for Education
Upliftment in 85 surrounding Government schools.
2013
Renukoot Aluminum Complex wins Greentech HR Platinum Award, in the Best
Strategy category, the highest in this segment.
Renusagar Power Division wins the Safety Innovation Award-2013 in Power
Plant category, presented by the Institute of Engineers (India) for its
outstanding innovative achievements in the fi eld of Occupational Health and
Safety.
Renusagar Power Division Hospital wins the FICCI Healthcare Excellence
Award 2013.
Birla Copper, bagged the 3rd Annual Green Tech CSR Award in the silver
category for the year 2013 for their Education for All Project. Hindalco
Lohardaga.
CSR activities won recognition from the Indian Bureau of Mines during 21st
Mines Environment and Mineral Conservation Week held in March, 2014, at
R& D Centre, SAIL-Ranchi.
2012
Renukoot Complex is conferred the Golden Peacock National Quality Award-
2012, in the Mining & Metals sector, presented by the Institute of Directors, for
its efforts towards Quality, meeting international parameters.
Renusagar Power Division wins the Safety Innovation Award-2012, in the
Power Sector category, for outstanding achievement in safety management,
presented by Institute of Directors.
Dahej Copper Complex wins the Greentech Gold Environment Award- 2012,
for its outstanding achievement in Environment Management.
Hirakud Power Plant wins CII Odisha Award- 2012 (2nd Runners Up), for Best
Practices in Environment, Safety and Health.
Taloja Rolling Plant wins the overall title for Maharashtra Safety Awards-
2011, competition organised by the National Safety Council - Maharashtra
Chapter, in the Heavy Engineering category for its commendable safety
performance, Scheme-I, Lowest Average Accident Frequency Rate.
2011
Hindalco bagged the prestigious CII EXIM Bank Business Excellence Award
2011 for its "strong commitment to excel on the journey towards business
excellence".
Birla Copper, a division of Hindalco, won the IMC Ramkrishna Bajaj Quality
Award Commendation Certificate.
Hindalco Renusagar won the Greentech Safety Gold Award 2011 in power
sector for outstanding achievement in safety management by Greentech
Foundation, New Delhi.
2010
Renukoot
NIPM Gold Award for Best HR Practices for the year 2010 by National
Institute of Personal Management (NIPM).
Greentech Gold Safety Award 2010 for Occupational Health and Safety
Management in the mining and metals sector by Greentech Foundation, New
Delhi.
Greentech Environment Excellence Gold Award 2010 in the metals sector for
its efforts towards environment management by Greentech Foundation, New
Delhi.
The Golden Peacock Award for Corporate Social Responsibility for the year
2010.
Greentech HR Excellence Silver Award for 2010 for excellence in training.
Best Exporter Award for 2010 by the Container Corporation of India for
contributing to India's economic progress through significant volume of
exports.
National Energy Conservation Award (Second Prize) 2010, in the metals sector
presented by the Ministry of Energy, Government of India.
Silver Certificate of Indian Manufacturing Excellence Award 2010
by Economic Times and Frost & Sullivan.
Birla Copper Dahej
Greentech Environment Excellence Gold Award 2010 in the mining and
metals sector for its efforts towards environment management by Greentech
Foundation, New Delhi.
Greentech Silver Safety Award 2010 for Occupational Health and Safety
Management in the mining and metals sector by Greentech Foundation, New
Delhi.
Renusagar
Greentech Gold Award 2010 in thermal power sector for outstanding
achievement in environment management by Greentech Foundation, New
Delhi.
Commendation for Safety Innovation Award 2010 by the Institution of
Engineers (India).
Special Commendation for the Golden Peacock Environment Management
Award 2010 by the Institute of Directors, New Delhi.
Hirakud
Hirakud Power Plant awarded third prize in the state-level CII Odisha Award
for Best Practices in Environment, Safety and Health 2010.
Hirakud Power awarded the Greentech Environment Excellence Gold Award
2010 in the thermal power sector category.
Muri
National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2010 "Beyond the
Fence" category, for the indigenous work being done by the unit outside the
fence as a corporate citizen and for fulfilling its corporate responsibilities.
Quality Circle Awards
Gold Awards to four Hindalco Renukoot Quality Circle Teams Kushal,
Vaibhav, Pragati and Nirantar at the International Quality Circle
Competition (IQCC 2010) held at Hyderabad.
Silver and Bronze Awards to Hindalco Hirakud Power Quality Circle Teams
Aryan and Power respectively at the International Convention on Quality
Concept Circle (ICQCC 2010) held at Hyderabad.
Quality Circle teams from Renukoot, Hirakud and Birla Copper Dahej units
excelled at the National QC Convention (NCQC 2010), winning Par
Excellence, Excellence, Distinguished and Runners-Up Awards.
2009
Hindalco Renusagar's power division bagged the Golden Peacock Environment
Management Award during the Global Convention on Climate Security. The
convention was held at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh from 12 to 14 June 2009.
Dr. Madhav Mehra, President, World Council for Corporate Governance
honoured Renusagar's power division with the award in the services category.
2008
Greentech Safety Gold Award 2008 for outstanding achievement in safety
management in coal-based power sector.
Hindalco Hirakud Systems ranked runners-up at the state-level IT Competition
2008 organised by CII in association with the department of information
technology, Government of Odisha.
Hirakud smelter was awarded the state-level safety award for Best Occupational
Healthcare 2006 presented in February 2008 at Bhubaneswar.
Talabira coal mines won a host of safety awards, namely, first in working face
and maintenance of Dozer and Payloader and second in dust suppression at the
Annual Coal Mines Safety Fortnight 2008 organised by Directorate of Mines
Safety, Bhubaneswar and Chaibasa region.
HINDALCO POLICY HIGH LIGHT
HINDALCO VISION
-To strengthen our position as a premium aluminium company, Sustanibility,
Domestic Leadership and Global Competition Through, Innovation, Quality
and Value Added Growth.
HINDALCO MISSION
-To pursue the creation of value for our Customers, Shareholders, Employees &
Society at Large
HINDALCO STRATEGY
Efficiency focus:
To be one of the lowest cost producers globally
Effectiveness focus:
To continue to remain the market leadger domestically.
Growth focus:
To pursue value adding growth opportunities in aluminium
HINDALCO VALUES:
INTEGRITY
Honesty in every action.
COMMITMENT
Doing whatever it takes to deliver, as promised.
PASSION
Missionary zeal arising out of an emotional engagement with work.
SEAMLESSMESS
SPEED
QUALITY POLICY
SAFETY POLICY
Use appropriate technology and other resource to upgrade safety
standers. To continuously improve the working condition leading to
prevention of accidents.
Not only continue to comply with all the applicable laws and
regulations but also strive to achieve beyond and set new standards.
Extrusions
The in-house casting unit at the plant comprises seven extrusion presses and state-of-the-
art technology for conducting testing of various parameters such as hardness, tensile
strength, conductivity, ultrasonic and caustic etching.
The extrusions are manufactured from high-quality billets, made from virgin in-house
metal. They find application in various industries such as architecture, electrical,
industrial, transport, defence and consumer durables.
Flat Rolled
Hindalco is India's largest flat rolled products manufacturer. With the acquisition of
Novelis, Hindalco became the world's leading aluminium rolling company. Novelis is the
world's leading value-added high-end aluminium flat rolled products manufacturer.
In India, Hindalco enjoys a dominant market share as one of the leading aluminium sheet
manufacturers. Hindalco's rolled products find applications in various industries such as
packaging, transportation, building and construction, electrical, defence and for general
engineering applications.
Hindalco is one of the largest roofing sheet manufacturers in the country. Available under
the brand name - Hindalco Everlast Aluminium Roofing Sheets, they include properties
such as:
ALUMINUM PROPERTIES
Properties of aluminium
After iron, aluminium is now the second most widely used metal in the world. The
properties of aluminium include: low density and therefore low weight, high
strength, superior malleability, easy machining, excellent corrosion resistance and
good thermal and electrical conductivity are amongst aluminiums most important
properties. Aluminium is also very easy to recycle.
Properties of aluminium
Weight
One of the best known properties of aluminium is that it is light, with a density one
third that of steel, 2,700 kg/m3. The low density of aluminium accounts for it being
lightweight but this does not affect its strength.
Strength
Aluminium alloys commonly have tensile strengths of between 70 and 700 MPa.
The range for alloys used in extrusion is 150 300 MPA. Unlike most steel grades,
aluminium does not become brittle at low temperatures. Instead, its strength
increases. At high temperatures, aluminiums strength decreases. At temperatures
continuously above 100C, strength is affected to the extent that the weakening
must be taken into account.
Linear expansion
Compared with other metals, aluminium has a relatively large coefficient of linear
expansion. This has to be taken into account in some designs.
Machining
Formability
Aluminiums superior malleability is essential for extrusion. With the metal either
hot or cold, this property is also exploited in the rolling of strips and foils, as well
as in bending and other forming operations.
Conductivity
Joining
Features facilitating easy jointing are often incorporated into profile design. Fusion
welding, Friction Stir Welding, bonding and taping are also used for joining.
Reflectivity
Corrosion resistance
Aluminium reacts with the oxygen in the air to form an extremely thin layer of
oxide. Though it is only some hundredths of a (my)m thick (1 (my)m is one
thousandth of a millimetre), this layer is dense and provides excellent corrosion
protection. The layer is self-repairing if damaged.
Anodising increases the thickness of the oxide layer and thus improves the strength
of the natural corrosion protection. Where aluminium is used outdoors, thicknesses
of between 15 and 25 m (depending on wear and risk of corrosion) are common.
Non-magnetic material
Zero toxicity
After oxygen and silicon, aluminium is the most common element in the Earths
crust. Aluminium compounds also occur naturally in our food.
APPLICATION OF ALLUMINIUM
TRANSPORTATION
Aluminium will always be thought of as the metal that allowed people to fly.
Light, strong and flexible, it proved an ideal material for building heavier-than-air
aircraft. There's a reason that in some circles aluminium is known as the 'winged
metal'.
Aluminium makes up 75-80% of a modern aircraft and it was actually first used in
aviation before aeroplanes were invented. Thus Count Ferdinand Zeppelin made
the frames of his famous airships from aluminium.
The breakthrough that laid the foundation for modern aviation occurred in 1903
when the Wright brothers flew their Flyer-1, the first heavier-than-air steerable
aircraft. Automobile engines back then weighed too much and didn't deliver
enough power to let an aircraft take to the air. So, a special engine was built for the
Flier-1 aircraft that incorporated parts, such as the cylinder block, that had been
cast from aluminium.
Later aluminium gradually replaced wood, steel and other materials in the bodies
of the first aircraft and by 1917 the famous German aircraft designer Hugo Junkers
built the world's first full metal aircraft whose fuselage had been made from
duralumin, an aluminium alloy that also includes copper (4.5%), magnesium
(1.5%) and manganese (0.5%). The unique alloy was developed in 1909 by Alfred
Wilm, who also discovered that this alloy can be 'distressed', i.e. it gets
significantly stronger after being heat-treated for an extended period.
CONSTRUCTION:
25% Of all aluminium produced worldwide is used in construction.
Imagine that you have a light, but strong metal, which is not prone to corrosion,
which is non-toxic and durable, and which can be given virtually any desired
shape. Aluminium is a tool for unlimited creativity in the hands of the architect,
making it possible to create structures that cannot be made from wood, plastic, or
steel.
At the beginning of the last century, Aluminium was virtually unused in civil
engineering, as the metal was too expensive and not produced in sufficient volumes.
Everything changed in the 1920s, when the electrolysis process reduced the cost of
Aluminium by 80%. The metal became extremely popular for finishing roofs and
domes and for use in drains and wall panels, as well as for decorative purposes.
The first building in which Aluminium was widely used in construction was the
Empire State Building, the famous New York skyscraper built in 1931 and the
tallest building in the world until 1970. Aluminium was used in all of the building's
basic structures and widely used in the interior as well. One of the building's calling
cards is the fresco on the lobby ceiling and the walls are made of Aluminium and 23
karat gold.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Electricity is undoubtedly one of humanity's most important discoveries. It sets
everything on our planet in motion, allowing connecting continents to connect in
just a fraction of a second. Without electricity, today's scientific and technological
advances would be impossible. And we would not be able to produce aluminium
without electricity. It is interesting that today exactly this metal is responsible for
power transmission over thousands of miles.
Among base metals, aluminium only copper is a better, but only by 33%, at the
same time aluminium has an undeniable advantage it is lighter. An aluminium
wire have a 1.5 times larger cross section to pass the same current as a copper wire,
but two times lighter. Weight is one of the most important parameters for high-
voltage power lines that transmit power over long distances. Therefore, only
aluminium wires are used in main overhead power lines.
The first aluminium wires appeared in the late 19th century in the USA. In 1880 in
Chicago, the head of a train station noticed that all of the outdoor copper wires
were deteriorating quickly. This, he concluded was down to fact that the copper
was being corroded by locomotive smoke. The reason he decided to use aluminium
as a substitute is unknown, but a copper wire several hundreds metre long was
replaced with an aluminium one that turned out to be far more durable despite the
fact that the number of trains at the station grew each year.
The comparably light weight of aluminium wires reduc the load onto grid pylons
and increases the distance of spans between them, thus reducing expenses and
shortening construction time. When current passes through aluminium wires, they
heat up and their surface [becomes covered] with an oxide film. This firm serves as
an excellent insulator protecting the wires against external effects.
CONSUMER GOODS
Electronics
Manufacturers of smartphones, tablets, laptops, flat screen TVs, monitors and other
equipment are using an increasing amount of aluminium. Aluminium combines
beauty and practicality which defines its success in this industry. Gadgets in
aluminium bodies look sophisticated and reliable, while remaining light and
robust.
Aluminium producers are offering designers and engineers new and improved
aluminium alloys, both anodised and not, polished and matt, smooth and rifled,
that allows them to implement even the most complex and daring designer
solutions.
Global electronics manufacturers are successfully using aluminium to replace steel
and plastic. Aluminium is stronger and more reliable than plastic, it's lighter than
steel, it can absorb and dissipate heat that is inevitably generated by running
electronic devices, which is why the best modern flat-screen TVs from market
leaders Samsung, LG, Sony and Philips are made from aluminium. In 2014, global
sales of aluminium TVs grew by 5%, totaling 215 million; one and a half times
greater than the entire population of Russia.
In 2014 over 1.2 billion smartphones were sold around the world, with Apple alone
selling over 190 million units.
Apple, the worlds leading manufacturer of smartphones and tablet PCs, widely
uses aluminium in their products and is increasing its use. Aluminium was only
used in some parts of the first generation of the iPhone, now the entire body of the
fifth generation iPhone is made from aluminium. Samsung is also following suit
recently releasing a whole range of aluminium body smartphones.
The whole range of Apple's MacBook uses an entirely aluminium body in all
models. Apple's designers and engineers realised that if they replaced the multitude
of components that a laptop body consists of with just one large piece, the weight
of the laptop could be reduced drastically and could be made paper-thin. The only
way to build a component like that is to make it from one piece of aluminium. The
technology is called Unibody.
Interior design
Aluminium is used in tables, chairs, shutters, picture frames, lamps, decorative
wall panels, air conditioning units and radiators. Designers use aluminium because
it gives them a lot of freedom in choosing the shape for their creations, as well as
being easy to process and aesthetically pleasing.
Aluminium aided the emergence of modern high tech interiors. The liberal use of
glass and metal makes them feel more spacious and used in both homes and
offices. In addition, aluminium significantly reduces the weight of the interior
elements, making them more seamless and less bulky.
Aluminium furniture has quickly become a classical interior feature; the chair
designed by one of the founders and gurus of high tech interior design, Norman
Foster, is a unique piece widely recognised as iconic in that very style. Foster
highlights the chairs 'anonymity', in line with his ideas about interior space.
Another famous designer, Philippe Starck, has also created a lot of aluminium
interior elements. For him, aluminium's 100% recyclability has always played a
special role. One unique property of aluminium was that it allowed him to create
'infinite' interior elements. Starck's chairs are both interior elements and works of
art.
Kitchen appliances
Sports goods
Aluminium in packaging
Thin but strong, eye-catching because of its silvery glitter, aluminium foil is an
everyday presence in our lives. Its unique insulating properties make aluminium
foil ideal packaging for just about anything.
Aluminium foil is nothing more than aluminium alloy sheets that are between
0.004 and 0.24 mm thick. Aluminium foil is 8 times thinner than a banknote and
yet it provides perfect protection against light, liquid and bacteria. It is thanks to
these properties the shelf life for many type of groceries packaged in materials that
include aluminium foil often exceeds 12 months.
About a fourth of all foil produced in the world is used for technical purposes in
construction, transport and other industries. The bulk of all foil output goes into the
production of various types of domestic packaging and foil.
Packing made from aluminium foil is most widely used in the food industry. Many
groceries are easily affected by sunlight, which damages their appearance and
worsens their taste. Foil solves this problem in the best way possible which is why
it is generally regarded as the ideal core packaging material for dairy products,
pastries, and beverages. For example, dry milk in hermetically sealed packages
made from laminated foil has a shelf life of 2 years.
Aluminium foil is non-toxic, so it does not damage the foods wrapped in it, but
instead protects them. Aluminium foil is used in food containers, bins, bottle caps,
soft packages for liquids or bulk food stuffs and many other types of containers.
Customer of Hindalco
Hindalco operates 51 units in 13 countries and includes a workforce of 35,000
representing 15 different nationalities.
Hindalco's other units in India are located at Muri in Jharkhand, Belur in West
Bengal, Kollur in Telangana, Hirakud in Orissa, Alupuram in Kerala, Taloja in
Maharashtra, Belgaum in Karnataka and Dahej in Gujarat.
Hindalco also has two research and development centres in Belgaum and Taloja.
HINDALCO should open more retail outlets for there products like
Aluminium foil and alloy wheels.
Hindalco should target the coustomers which is out of INDIA
Due to more demand in other country in comparsion to India
Hindalco should achieve the demand target.
Hindalco should promote the right mix of there products including
all the products and the uniformity should be maintained because
all the products are equally important.
Hindalco should look for more inorganic growth in primary metals
and extrusions, and grow organically with the country.
Hindalco should bring new policies to attract the retain there old
customers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNUAL REPORT (2010-11), HIL
INDUCTION GUIDE, ( TRAINING CENTER)
PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING, - KOTLER & ARMSTRONG.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, - MANVIR AZAD
INCAL 98
WWW.ADITYABIRLA.COM
WWW.ALUMINIUM-INDIA.COM
WWW.ALUMINIUM-MESSE.COM
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM