Question 1 - Channel estimation / Vraag 1 - Kanaalestimasie [20]

A communication system transmits a QPSK symbol sequence s of length N = 30 as given

below through a multipath channel of length L = 4. The number of pilot symbols are P = 5L,
and are situated in the center of the transmitted block. The received symbol sequence r is
given below.1 Determine the CIR using real, not approximate least squares (LS) channel
estimation.
n Kommunikasiestelsel stuur n QPSK simboolsekwensie s van lengte N = 30, soos gegee
hieronder, deur n multipadkanaal van lengte L = 4. Die getal afrigsimbole is P = 5L, en dit
is in die middel van die gestuurde datablok geposisioneer. Die ontvangde simboolsekwensie
r word hieronder gegee.2 Bereken die KIR deur gebruik te maak van regte, nie benaderde
least squares (LS) kanaalestimasie.

s = {1, j, j, 1, j, 1, 1, j, j, 1, j, j, 1, 1, j,
1, 1, j, j, 1, j, 1, 1, 1, j, 1, j, 1, j, 1}

r = {0.78 + j0.88, 0.41 + j0.13, 0.78 + j0.70, 0.06 j0.76,

0.26 + j0.75, 1.89 j1.71, 1.47 + j0.77, 0.07 j0.02,
1.54 + j0.77, 1.63 j0.87, 0.94 j1.27, 0.82 j0.12,
0.69 + j0.39, 2.15 + j0.96, 0.19 j1.65, 1.44 + j1.95,
1.90 j0.28, 0.93 j1.69, 0.86 + j0.95, 1.98 + j0.90,
0.45 j1.94, 0.04 + j0.67, 0.15 + j0.09, 0.26 + j1.34,
0.72 j1.46, 1.76 j0.77, 0.20 + j0.15, 0.83 + j0.32,
0.48 + j0.20, 0.37 j0.07}

Question 2 - Detection / Vraag 2 - Deteksie [70]

1) A communication system transmits N = 8 (excluding head and tail symbols) BPSK
modulated symbols through a multipath channel with a channel impulse response c
(below). The received symbol sequence r is given below. Determine the most likely
transmitted sequence using the following methods (show all steps):
a) DFE.3 [20]
b) MLSE.4 [30]
2) Transmit and receive the sequence detected in 2.1.a and 2.1.b above (excluding head
and tail symbols) using OFDM in the real world. Assume no white noise addition.5
Use the data block length and CIR as in 2.1. Show all steps. [20]

1) n Kommunikasiestelsel stuur N = 8 (uitsluitend kop- en stertsimbole) BPSK gemod-

uleerde simbole deur n multipad kanaal met n kanaal impuls reaksie c (hieronder).
1
The first L 1 elements have already been removed, also for following questions where applicable.
2
Die eerste L 1 elemente is reeds verwyder, ook vir die volgende vrae waar van toepassing.
3
Show all caculations.
4
Show all and path cost caculations.
5
Use the dftmtx function to generate a Fourier matrix.
 Die ontvangde simboolsekwensie r word hieronder gegee. Bepaal die meeswaarskynlike
gestuurde sekwensie van simbole deur gebruik te maak van die volgende metodes (toon
alle stappe):
a) DFE.6 [20]
b) MLSE.7 [30]
2) Stuur en ontvang die sekwensie soos bepaal in 2.1.a en 2.1.b hierbo (uitsluitend kop-
en stersimbole) deur middel van OFDM in die regte wereld.8 Aanvaar geen witgeraas
byvoeging. Gebruik die data blok lengte en KIR soos in 2.1. Toon alle stappe. [20]

c = {0.86 j0.43, 0.27 + j0.66, 0.31 + j0.17}

r = {0.77 + j1.79, 0.75 j0.77, 0.55 j0.08, 0.46 + j1.09,

0.50 + j0.09, 0.69 j0.90, 0.05 + j0.35, 0.89 + j1.95,
1.07 j1.32, 0.75 j0.01, 0.44 + j0.02, 0.16 + j0.33}

Question 3 - Decoding / Vraag 3 - Dekodering [50]

1) In the transmitter bits are encoded with a rate Rc = k/n = 1/3, constraint length
K = 4, convolutional encoder with the following generator polynomials: g1 = 82 ,
g2 = 132 , g3 = 112 . The coded bits are QPSK modulated (00 = 1, 01 = j, 11 = 1,
10 = j) and transmitted through an AWGN channel. Given the received coded symbol
sequence r below, find the most likely uncoded bit sequence using the MLSE algorithm.
[30]
2) A rate Rc = 10/20 linear block code with parity matrix P given below is used to
encode an uncoded bit sequence. The codeword is transmitted and received, and the
coded bit sequence after detection is given by z below. Determine the location of the
error(s) and use it to correct it/them. What was the original uncoded bit sequence? [20]

1) In die versender word bisse gekodeer met a tempo Rc = k/n = 1/3, beperkingslengte
K = 4, konvolusie-enkodeerde met die volgende generator-polinome: g1 = 82 ,
g2 = 132 , g3 = 112 . Die gekodeerde bisse word met QPSK gemoduleer (00 = 1,
01 = j, 11 = 1, 10 = j) en deur n AWGN kanaal gestuur. Gegee die
ontvangde, gekodeerde simboolsekwensie r soos hieronder, vind die meeswaarskynlike
ongekodeerde bissekwensie deur middle van die MLSE algoritme. [30]
2) n Tempo Rc = 10/20 lineere blokkode met pariteitsmatriks P soos hieronder gegee
word gebruik om n ongekodeerde bissekwensie te enkodeer. Die kodewoord word
gestuur en ontvang, en die kodewoord bissekwensie na deteksie word gegee as z
hieronder. Bepaal die posisie van die fout(e) en gebruik dit om die fout(e) te korregeer.
Wat was die oorspronklike ongekodeerde bissekwensie? [20]

6
Toon alle -berekeninge.
7
Toon alle - en roetekoste berekeninge.
8
Gebruik die dftmtx funksie om die Fourier matrik te genereer.

2
 r = {0.61 j0.15, 0.25 j1.51, 0.58 j1.58, 0.98 + j0.29,
0.60 j0.62, 2.02 j0.60, 0.03 j0.50, 0.67 j1.00
1.48 + j0.17, 0.81 + j0.60, 0.46 j0.09, 1.03 + j0.14}

z = {0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1}

1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1


1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1


0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

P=

1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1



0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0


0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Question 4 - CDMA / Vraag 4 - CDMA [20]

Eight users transmit their source information on the same frequency using CDMA. Only five
(users 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8) out of the possible eight users are transmitting, where each user selects
a spreading code from a Walsh-Hadamard matrix using his own ID (user 1s ID is 1 and user
8s ID is 8). The received composite sequence is given below. Determine the transmitted
symbol sequence for each user if the spreading gain is G = 8.

Agt gebruikers versend hul broninformasie op dieselfde frekwensie deur middle van CDMA.
Slegs vyf (gebruiker 2, 3, 4, 6 en 8) uit die moontlike agt gebruikers besig om te versend, waar
elke gebruiker n spreikode uit n Walsh-Hadamard matriks kies met sy eie ID (gebruiker 1
se ID is 1 en gebruiker 8 se ID is 8). Die ontvangde saamgestelde sekwensie word hieronder
gegee. Bereken die versende simboolsekwensie vir elke gebruiker as die spreidingswins G = 8
is.

r = {0.38, 0.17, 0.26, 0.24, 1.18, 0.03, 0.58, 0.56,

0.21, 0.47, 0.55, 0.57, 1.00, 0.12, 0.96, 0.09,
0.11, 0.62, 0.02, 0.20, 0.50, 0.54, 0.00, 0.58,
0.84, 0.49, 0.54, 0.59, 0.19, 0.03, 0.04, 0.14,
0.14, 0.68, 0.56, 0.04, 0.14, 0.53, 0.25, 0.69}