NATURAL SCIENCE YEAR 5

By Rafael Rodrguez Prez

INDEX
1. The skeletal system
2. The muscular system
3. How the locomotor system works
4. Health

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0. INTRODUCTION

Pictures game. Look at these pictures and answer in groups: What do you think you
are going to learn?

Work in pairs. Read, look at the pictures and complete.

All the systems are very important, but the __________ system and the
___________ system work together to produce movement.

Individual activity. Circle the right letters in one minute.

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1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Memory game & TPR. Look at the skeletal system and try to memorize all the bones
in 2 minutes.

Now, look at this blank diagram and point to the bones that your teacher names.

- Its very hot today and I am walking around Carmona. I am touching my

cranium because its very hot.
- Im tired, so I am going to the Paseo to sit down. Oh, no! My patella hurts.
- I am not walking to the Paseo because my tibia and my fibula hurt too.
- OK, I cant walk. I am going to sit down in this bench. But whats that big insect?
Oh, no! Its a bee! I am running very fast!
- But, hey! Wheres the bee? Its inside my T-shirt! I can feel that it is touching my
clavicle, my sternum, my ribs and my spinal column!
- Please, move your humerus, your ulna and radius to call an ambulance. The
emergency number is 112.

Work in groups. Use an A3 sheet of paper to make up a matching game of the

skeletal system.
Use flaps to add this information:
- The skeletal system gives our body its shape.
- The skeletal system protects delicate organs, like the brain, lungs and heart.

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- There are over 200 bones in our body.

- All bones are hard and rigid.
- Bones can have different shapes: flat, long and short.

Numbered heads together. Answer these questions orally.

a. Why do you think the cranium and ribs are curved?
b. Why are vertebrae small bones?
c. Are you using your bones now?

Cooperative reading. Read in groups, look and do.

The ends of bones are covered by a soft,

elastic tissue called cartilage.
Bones meet at joints where they are held
together by ligaments. Ligaments are made
of flexible tissue.
In groups, prepare a 30-second
explanation about bones.

2. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

1-2-group. Watch this video and collect as much information about the muscular
system as possible.

How your muscles

work
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=f_F5U
wtdPOc

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Rotatory sheet technique. You have 2 minutes to memorize these muscles. Later,
write one muscle and pass the blank diagram around.

TPR. In groups, play Simon Says.

Simon says touch your.

3. HOW THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM WORKS

Silent demonstration technique. Look at this joint (elbow) and pay attention to your
teachers demonstration.
Answer orally:
What happens to your biceps when you
are flexing your arm?
What happens to your triceps when you
are flexing your arm?
What muscles contract and relax when you
are extending your leg?

TEACHERS NOTES:
- Take two post-it notes and write It
contracts and It relaxes.
- Flex your arm and stick It contracts on
your biceps and it relaxes on you triceps.
- Extend your arm and switch the note
papers.
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Incomplete dictation.
- I am writing because my ______________ sends an order to my muscles and they move.

Rotatory sheet technique. Write a list with as many muscles as possible in one
minute. Later, read this information and find 2 pairs of antagonist muscles in your
list.

A lot of muscles work in pairs. When one muscle is

contracting, the other one is relaxing. They are
antagonist muscles.

Whole class experience. Read this information cooperatively and check how
muscles work using a chicken wing.
The muscular system consists of all the muscles in the body. Muscles are organs
and can change in length and shape.
When a muscle is relaxed, it is long and thin. When a muscle is contracted, it is
shorter and thicker.
There are about 640 muscles in our body. Muscles are joined to bones by
tendons.

INSTRUCTIONS
st
1 Peel the skin back.
2nd Look at the tendons and ligaments in the joints.
3rd Pull the triceps muscles.
4th Pull the biceps muscles.
5th Remove the muscles by cutting the tendons. Chicken wing anatomy
6th Identify the bones. https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=j0pRhej45kg

4. HEALTH

Numbered heads together. Read about these injuries to the locomotor system, think
and match.
a. Bone fractures: Bones are broken or cracked. Bones need to be held in place
with a plaster cast. Sometimes, they need surgery using nails, screws or plates.
b. Sprains: Ligaments are damaged. This is normally caused by twisting. Sprains are
more common in joints (ankles, knees or wrists).
c. Muscle strains: They consist of an involuntary and prolonged muscle
contraction. They may be caused by excessive effort or bad posture.

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All for one and one for all. Answer these questions cooperatively. Remember to
make sure that everybody understands the question and the answer before going
through the next one.
a. Which injuries affect bones?
b. Which injuries affect muscles?
c. Which injuries affect ligaments?
d. What type of injury needs a plaster cast?
e. Has anybody in your group ever had a plaster cast?
f. In what parts of the body are sprains most common?

Debate. Read and debate: What is the best healthy habit for your locomotor
system?

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Choose two of these people and write what he/she/they is/are doing in Present
Continuous. Later, write what injuries they are going to get and what they should
do.

Example:
I choose the boy that is riding a
bike.
- He is riding a bike very fast.
- He is going to get a bone fracture.
- He should ride his bike properly.

Read about basic first aid and draw.

We are not doctors, but can also help in emergency situations! Later, the person
can receive professional medical treatment if necessary.
WHAT CAN I DO WITH?

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Work in groups. Complete the unit diagram.

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