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HOMEWORK
Lima Per
2017-I
0
INDEX
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 2
OBJETIVOS ...................................................................................................................... 3
LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ 3
b) Determine the space mean speed and time mean speed ...................................... 18
c) Compare both speed, and also compare them with the legal speed for this roadway
section. Describe your findings. ............................................................................. 20
HOMEWORK #2 .............................................................................................................. 30
1. The traffic volume that this new development will generate ......................... 30
4. Level of service after 5, 10, 15 years of the implementation of the project. ............. 46
5. Assume that this building has one entry and one exit controlled by an automatic gate,
which can serve 360 vehicle per hour. Determine the length of queue and waiting
time, considering M/M/1: ...................................................................................... 49
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 62
1
INTRODUCTION
One of the most useful results of the traffic volume is the development of microscopic
models that relate their different variables such as volume, speed, density, the interval
and the spacing. These models have been based on the development of the concept of
capacity and service levels applied to different types of road elements.
The impact these models is also quite high, making it necessary to have an adequate
road infrastructure to understand this kind of demand, moreover, commercial
transportation and other either passengers or goods by road has become the most
popular and economical.
Therefore, that although our career for this study is part of a subject, the reality goes
beyond a simple theme for the social management of a city and even a country or
community.
It is such sense, the objective to the per traffic volume, is to present some
methodologies and research and their most relevant applications in this work, with
particular emphasis on the aspects that relate the variables of the volume of traffic
with probabilistic description or casual traffic flow, the distribution of vehicles in a
viability and statistical distributions used in project and traffic control.
2
OBJETIVOS
Understand the importance of making (paths, roads, tracks) field studies taking data
and process to find problems with respect to traffic engineer and consequently
propose solutions.
Conduct a traffic volume count for two hours during morning from 8 am to 10 and
then determine the design hour volume (DHV), the peak hour factor (PHF), D-
Directional Factor and PT-Percentage of trucks.
Describe the process of how we collect our speed data, then determine the space mean
speed and time mean speed and finally we compare both speed, and also compare
them with the legal speed for this roadway section.
With the maximum speed that we have obtained that is the Free Flow Speed, with
this speed and the information provided below, obtain the qm for the facility, then
draw the diagrams Flow-Density-Speed for this roadway section.
Apply what they learned in classes by our own data collection and answer the
questions of the work with their respective justifications.
3
LOCATION
This study was carried out in the Molina district, exactly at Avenida Constructores,
for this report we worked with the two lanes in the direction indicated by the image.
The vehicular traffic in the avenue Builders of the mill is regular from the 7:30 am to
9am during the days Monday to Friday
4
TRAFFIC CONCEPTS
In this case we count vehicles for two hours, from 8am to 10am, on Friday.
SEMI-HEAVY HEAVY
TIME LIGHT
VEHICHES VEHICHES
VEHICLES
8:00 8:15 208 9 5 222
8:15 8:30 256 8 7 271
8:30 8:45 225 9 5 239
8:45 9:00 251 6 9 266
9:00 9:15 252 6 6 264
9:15 9:30 225 5 12 242
9:30 9:45 240 7 5 252
9:45 10:00 232 5 6 243
TOTAL 1889 55 55 1999
SEMI-HEAVY HEAVY
TIME LIGHT
VEHICHES VEHICHES
VEHICLES
8:00 8:15 151 5 5 161
8:15 8:30 179 1 18 198
8:30 8:45 200 1 8 209
8:45 9:00 167 4 12 183
9:00 9:15 160 3 8 171
9:15 9:30 146 4 11 161
9:30 9:45 115 7 11 133
9:45 10:00 142 4 11 157
TOTAL 1260 29 84 1373
5
b) Traffic Volume Studies:
A.1
Where:
So with the table A.1 we can determine the peak hour volume:
( )
6
Design hour volume (DHV):
After the PHF is determined we can use this result to find DHV:
In summary:
7
08:45 - 09:45 648
09:00 - 10:00 622
Where:
So with the table B.1 we can determine the peak hour volume:
( )
After the PHF is determined we can use this result to find DHV:
8
DPT - Percentage of trucks :
In summary:
Both directions:
9
From the data collected we can be determine:
Where:
So with the table B.1 we can determine the peak hour volume:
( )
After the PHF is determined we can use this result to find DHV:
10
D Directional factor:
PERCENTAGE (%)
DIRECTION FROM SOUTH TO NORTH DIRECTION FROM NORTH TO SOUTH
42.25% 57.75%
With the last table we can determine the Directional factor (D):
In summary:
11
c) Density (k) at a specific time t:
( )
When, = 10
When, =16
12
PART 2: SPEEED STUDY
All the members of the group met at the study site that is located at the intersection of
the Avenue Ingenieros with Los Constructores.
a) To begin we define a distance that will help us in the process of evaluating the speeds of
the cars.
b) To measure the time of travel of the cars and to point the plates in the 100 meters
(distance) we had to divide us into small groups.
c) With all the data collected we made a table where all the cars evaluated with their
respective plates and the time that took to travel the distance, which helped us to
determine the speed of each of the cars.
13
Process of data collection was as shown below. First we define a road section
North- west ( intersection of Jr Los Edafologos with Los Ingenieros) to South east.
South east (Avenue Los Ingenieros with Los Edafologos) to North-west.
Half of the urban transports that pass through the avenue Constructores are combis that by
their size do not congest the road.
14
1. Two members of the group positioned themselves at the point shown to write down the
license plates and start measuring time.
2. Here were two members of the group who recorded the time of travel of the 100 meters for
each car.
3. Once classified cars with its respective plates and knowing the time that the cars delayed to
cross the required distance, we calculate its respective speeds of each one.
15
4. Finally these are the results with the times and pointed in a draft boards, then you will have
to find the matching plates in each lane to determine how long each vehicle was delayed.
DIRECCION 1
DISTANCI TIEMPO DISTANCI TIEMPO VELOCIDA VELOCIDA
PLACA
A (M) (S) A (KM) (HORAS) D (m/s) D (KM/H)
C3H-697 100 7.7 0.1 0.0021 13 46.78
AJI-087 100 5.93 0.1 0.0016 16.86 60.7
N9F-245 100 4.54 0.1 0.0013 22.03 79.31
B6L-408 100 6.93 0.1 0.0019 14.43 51.96
C4A-409 100 6.17 0.1 0.0017 16.2 58.32
F1V-413 100 5.24 0.1 0.0015 19.07 68.65
D5C-150 100 4.58 0.1 0.0013 21.82 78.54
D65-174 100 6.95 0.1 0.0019 14.39 51.8
A6L-218 100 7.97 0.1 0.0022 12.55 45.16
F60-336 100 4.73 0.1 0.0013 21.12 76.05
F10-076 100 5.97 0.1 0.0017 16.74 60.25
A8M-
100 6.01 0.1 0.0017 16.64 59.89
559
F2P-226 100 7.83 0.1 0.0022 12.77 45.97
ARE-
100 7.86 0.1 0.0022 12.73 45.82
105
A7F-409 100 6.19 0.1 0.0017 16.16 58.18
F9X-726 100 6.81 0.1 0.0019 14.69 52.9
A0N-
100 5.5 0.1 0.0015 18.19 65.47
778
CQM-
100 6.83 0.1 0.0019 14.63 52.68
014
APJ-911 100 6.63 0.1 0.0018 15.09 54.33
B30-776 100 7.51 0.1 0.0021 13.32 47.94
A90-797 100 5.9 0.1 0.0016 16.95 61.01
A2S-030 100 6.2 0.1 0.0017 16.14 58.09
A6X-
100 6.48 0.1 0.0018 15.43 55.56
629
AMG-
100 7.8 0.1 0.0022 12.81 46.13
249
ANJ-878 100 5.29 0.1 0.0015 18.91 68.07
AVERAGE SPEED 16.11 57.98
16
DIRECCION 2
DISTANCIA TIEMPO DISTANCIA TIEMPO VELOCIDAD VELOCIDAD
PLACA
(M) (S) (KM) (HORAS) (m/s) (KM/H)
ANJ-877 100 5.61 0.1 0.0016 17.83 64.18
D3X-606 100 6.68 0.1 0.0019 14.96 53.86
APU-191 100 6.51 0.1 0.0018 15.36 55.30
C5L-285 100 5.78 0.1 0.0016 17.29 62.25
A1C-343 100 5.22 0.1 0.0014 19.17 69.01
AML-508 100 5.19 0.1 0.0014 19.28 69.42
ARI-785 100 5.68 0.1 0.0016 17.60 63.34
B4P-448 100 5.06 0.1 0.0014 19.76 71.14
B5G-203 100 6.05 0.1 0.0017 16.53 59.52
F6Z-305 100 5.97 0.1 0.0017 16.76 60.34
B2L-146 100 6.41 0.1 0.0018 15.61 56.18
AHP-690 100 5.90 0.1 0.0016 16.94 60.98
AAZ-656 100 6.18 0.1 0.0017 16.18 58.24
AKK-392 100 5.51 0.1 0.0015 18.15 65.34
D9J-445 100 6.14 0.1 0.0017 16.28 58.59
ADT-215 100 5.75 0.1 0.0016 17.40 62.66
A0K-052 100 5.72 0.1 0.0016 17.48 62.94
B5M-463 100 5.94 0.1 0.0017 16.83 60.60
F4M-882 100 6.14 0.1 0.0017 16.28 58.61
D1L-532 100 5.05 0.1 0.0014 19.81 71.32
A11-146 100 5.62 0.1 0.0016 17.80 64.08
APU-835 100 6.46 0.1 0.0018 15.49 55.77
B8Z-815 100 5.66 0.1 0.0016 17.67 63.60
ADS-671 100 6.28 0.1 0.0017 15.93 57.36
C2Z-632 100 5.21 0.1 0.0014 19.19 69.07
AVERAGE SPEED 17.26 62.15
With the data of 25 in one direction and 25 observations in the other direction, we made a
comparison of the frames to ensure that they are analysed in the same camera, then we
calculate the mean velocity with the following formula formulas.
17
b) Determine the space mean speed and time mean speed
Ingenieros - Edafologos
(Line 1)
18
Edafologos - Ingenieros
(Line 2)
19
c) Compare both speed, and also compare them with the legal speed for this
roadway section. Describe your findings.
It can be observed that both lanes 1 and 2 have 57.98 km / h and average speed 62.15
km/h respectively. In this particular case, the averages are the arithmetic mean of all the
data collected on the site. This also can be described by the following equation.
This is the general equation for the average speed hour. Therefore, our time average
speed for the entire stretch of road would be:
( )
Where:
( )
( )
( )
On the other hand, average speed space had a different calculation method. As we know
MSS (space means speed) is the velocity of harmonics that vehicles traveling on the road
at any given time. So we had to get the time they completed the entire stretch of road
First we divided factors in order to obtain the amount of time in the section that was
done. Then we add the second and calculated an average time spent in the two sections
with distance d = 100 m for tranches. Then we just converted the m/s to km/h.
20
CONCLUSION:
To get the results of space mean speed (SMS = 59.09 km / h) and the average time speed
(TMS = 60.07 km / h) in point b. These values are different because for TMS we
measure average taking instantaneous velocity at a specific point while SMS is measured
from a road segment average speed harmonics.
21
PART 3: DIAGRAMS FLOW DENSITY - SPEED
Ingenieros - Edafologos
(Line 1)
From the data collected, we can determine that the overall maximum speed was 16.54
m/s, which equals 79.31 km/h. Hence: uf = 79.31 km/h
Calculate k:
22
SPEED VS DENSITY
( )
( )
( )
( )
FLOW VS DENSITY
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
23
SPEED VS FLOW
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(( ) )
Edafologos - Ingenieros
(Line 2)
From the data collected, we can determine that the overall maximum speed was 19.81
m/s, which equals 71.32 km/h. Hence: uf = 71.32 km/h
24
Calculate k:
FLOW VS DENSITY
( )
( )
( )
( )
FLOW VS DENSITY
( )
( )
25
( )
( )
( )
SPEED VS FLOW
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(( ) )
26
PART 4: PRESENT A REPORT THAT INCLUDES POINTS
The group of students met instead of study is located cross between Avenues "Engineers "
and "Constructors".
- First we define a segment avenue to evaluate. We take the following intersections for each
direction: South-east to North-west North-west to South-east
- After two members of the group will be responsible for taking time each vehicle passing in
front of them at each intersection. Only time to take the plates of each
- Once taken the times of each vehicle it is necessary to compare and match with plates taken
from each intersection then by time difference speed for a distance will be determined.
27
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY OF RELIEF TRANSIT VOLUME:
The volume of traffic is the number of vehicles passing through a point along a road or a lane
for a given time unit, can be hours per vehicle or day per vehicle.
When performing this work on the volume of traffic at the intersection of the AV constructors
with engineers, we seek to know and study the periodic variations of traffic volumes within
this avenue constituent of the physical infrastructure or static component of the transit
systems, to Thus ensuring the proper functioning of streets or highways. For this avenue the
results obtained from this study will serve to estimate and propose solutions to traffic
problems.
The volumes of transit to be dynamic are only precise for the period of duration in which the
vehicle capacity is made; But its variations tend to be rhythmic and repetitive, marking a
similar behavior in certain temporal spaces included in a day (peak hours), so that to
generalize the traffic behavior, which is particular for each section of track or intersection, we
have performed A detailed study in which the parameters most representative of the traffic
during the period in which the maximum vehicular demand is presented over an hour is
determined, taking data in intervals of 15 minutes.
For example, if you know that Easter is going to have the highest number of traffic accidents,
you should plan a preventive campaign to act before and during that week. On the other hand,
this week should not be normal repair work in the street or road, as they can be disruptive or
dangerous.
SOURCES:
Vagosdeunisucre.files.wordpress.com
Sjnavarro.files.wordpress.com
28
PURPOSE OF THE SPEED STUDY:
Speed is vital for any traffic study; Is an important measure of the quality of service offered in
any type of road.
This velocity study was performed with the purpose of estimating the velocity distribution in
vehicular flow at the intersection of Av. Constructors with engineers.
The speed characteristics we determine in the report can be used to:
- Set parameters for traffic operation and control, such as speed zones (the 85th percentile is
used as the speed limit on a road).
- Evaluate affectivity of traffic control devices, such as traffic signs.
- Determine the adequacy of the geometric characteristics of the road, such as horizontal radii,
curves and lengths.
- Determine if complaints of speeding incidents are valid.
Source:
-manual normative of study of traffic
29
HOMEWORK #2
Using the data collected in Homework 01 determine:
Data = 6800 m2
Apartments = 650
We need to obtain the number of trips for this we resort following table:
30
Consideration of % private vehicle
Source:http://www.limacomovamos.org/cm/wpcontent/uploads/2017/04/Movilidad-y-
transporte.pdf
31
So, the traffic Volume that is new development will generate is:
STEP 1:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
STEP 2:
= 538.146 / /
STEP 3:
STEP 4:
32
According to Speed-Flow Curve, we have obtained the Speed Flow that is the same
S= 80mph
33
The LOS for this lane is A
34
b) FROM WEST TO EAST
From our previous homework we have =6.12%, Design hour volume that is
=836 / and the PHF=0.91.
STEP 1:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
STEP 2:
= 931.92 / /
STEP 3:
STEP 4:
According to Speed-Flow Curve, we have obtained the Speed Flow that is the same
result of the FFS.
35
S= 70mph
36
The LOS for this lane is B
37
3. Level of Service include the Project
Include a new development project, which will be located at the main street of the
road network you have previously worked in your Homework 01. The characteristics
of this project are:
Determining FFS:
The new development project is in the first lane. Now we use the Free-flow speed:
38
( )
( )
We will have some considerations about the project, we have data of 650 apartments
in 6800 m2, with which will generate a greater number of trips and the number of
vehicles that circulate along the road and finally we have a new volume of traffic.
According to the TRAVEL GENERATION TASTS table, this area and the number
of departments generate a ratio of 0.62 trips.
Then:
39
Now we need to estimate the number of vehicles that circulate in this road. For this,
we turn to an analysis by RPP Notices that estimates the number of people traveling
by public transport (75.6%) and private vehicle (24.4%).
STEP 1:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
STEP 2:
= 589 / /
STEP 3:
40
STEP 4:
According to Speed-Flow Curve, we have obtained the Speed Flow that is the same
result of the FFS.
S= 65 mph
41
The LOS for this lane is A
42
b) FROM WEST TO EAST
From our previous homework we have =6.12%, Design hour volume that is
=836 / , the PHF=0.91 and the PHF for the new project is 1801+ 98 = 1899
STEP 1:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
STEP 2:
= 983 / /
STEP 3:
STEP 4:
According to Speed-Flow Curve, we have obtained the Speed Flow that is the same
result of the FFS.
43
S= 65 mph
44
The LOS for this lane is B
45
4. Level of service after 5, 10, 15 years of the implementation of the project.
Source: Gestion.pe
According to the daily management growth rate in the automotive sector will be
11.11%.
Then:
Where:
Vn is the volume in n years
Vo initial volume
G growth rate
We calculate the projected volume for 5, 10, and 15 years
46
Determine de LOS after 5 years with the inclusion of the project.
EAST - WEST
= 0+
= 1999 + 1330
0
= 3329
Where:
Vn = volume in n years
Vo = initial volume
G = growth rate
5 = 3329(1 + 0.1111) 5
5 = 5637.41
10 = 3329(1 + 0.1111) 10
10= 9546.52
15 = 3329(1 + 0.1111) 15
15= 16166.31
5637 LOS F
5 = 0.98 2 0.986 1 = 2916.86
9547 LOS F
10 = 0.98 2 0.986 1 = 4940.08
5
15 =
16166
= 8365.07 LOS F
0.9862 0.986 1
47
WEST - EAST
= 0 +
= 1373 + 1105
= 2478
5 = 2478(1 + 0.1111) 5
5 = 4196.30
0
10 = 2478(1 + 0.1111) 10
10= 7106.12
15 = 2478(1 + 0.1111) 15
15= 12033
. .68
4196
5 = 0.91 2 0.970 1 =2376.80 LOS E
7106
10 = 0.91 2 0.970 1 = 4025.2 LOS F
12034
15 = 0.91 2 0.970 1 = 6816.59 LOS F
3
48
5. Assume that this building has one entry and one exit controlled by an
automatic gate, which can serve 360 vehicle per hour. Determine the length of
queue and waiting time, considering M/M/1:
QUEUE ANALYSIS:
According to the survey RPP notice, 75.6% of people prefer public transport while
24.4% prefer the private transport:
THEN:
Now, we assume that the arrival rate will be 75.6 percent of private transport while the
departure rate will be 24.4 percent of private transport, then:
49
( )
( )
50
6. Present you results in a final report.
The final report must include:
Both directions:
( )
D Directional factor:
Ingenieros - Edafologos
51
AVEGARE SPEED = 62.15
To get the results of space mean speed (SMS = 59.09 km / h) and the average time speed
(TMS = 60.07 km / h) in point b. These values are different because for TMS we
measure average taking instantaneous velocity at a specific point while SMS is measured
from a road segment average speed harmonics.
SPEED VS DENSITY
52
FLOW VS DENSITY
SPEED VS FLOW
53
Edafologos - Ingenieros
FLOW VS DENSITY
FLOW VS DENSITY
SPEED VS FLOW
54
Include tables, and graphs in a professional manner.
55
Tabla 2: MAIN MOBILIZATION (LIMA METROPOLITANA AND CALLAO)
Tabla 3: CURVES AND LOS FOR BASIC FREEWAY SEGMENTS (SPEED vs. FLOW)
56
Tabla 4: LOS Criteria for basic freeway segments
57
Description of assumptions, methodology use, all calculations, results, and
conclusions.
( ) ( )
= 538.146 / /
=79.31 /
S= 80mph
( ) ( )
= 931.92 / /
=71.32k /
S= 70mph
58
The LOS for this lane is B
Determining FFS
( )
Determining Flow Rate
( ) ( )
= 589 / /
= 65.5 /
S= 65 mph
( ) ( )
= 983 / /
=65.5k /
S= 65 mph
EAST - WEST
59
WEST EAST
60
Include a map that displays the roadway network and the location of the
building project..
61
REFERENCES
Source: http://www.limacomovamos.org/
Source: gestion.pe
62