HW10Ch24OpticalInstruments

Due:11:59pmonTuesday,November24,2015
Tounderstandhowpointsareawarded,readtheGradingPolicyforthisassignment.

ATwoLensSystem

Acompoundlenssystemconsistsoftwoconverginglenses,oneatx = 20.0 cm withfocallengthf 1 = +10.0 cm,

andtheotheratx = +20.0 cm withfocallengthf 2 = +8.00 cm.Anobject1.00centimetertallisplacedat
x = 50.0 cm .

PartA
Whatisthelocationofthefinalimageproducedbythecompoundlenssystem?Givethexcoordinateofthe
image.
Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

Hint1.Howtohandlemultipleoptics
Theimageformedbythefirstlensactsastheobjectforthesecondlens.

Hint2.Findtheobjectdistanceforthefirstlens
Howfaristheobjectfromthefirstlens?

Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

s ob = cm

Hint3.Findtheimagedistancefromthefirstlens
Ignoringthesecondlens,determinewheretheimageisformedjustbythefirstlens.Giveitsdistancefrom
thelens.
Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
 ANSWER:

s im = cm

Hint4.Findtheobjectdistanceforthesecondlens
Howfaristheimageproducedbythefirstlensfromthesecondlens?
Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

s ob = cm

Hint5.Findtheimagedistancefromthesecondlens
Usingtheresultoftheprevioushint,determinehowfarthefinalimageisfromthesecondlens.

Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

s im = cm

ANSWER:

x = 31.8 cm

Correct

PartB
Howtallistheimage?
Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thetotalmagnificationmistheproductofthemagnificationscausedbythetwolensesseperately:
m = m 1 m 2 .Ifyouhavedifficultyfindingtheindividualmagnifications,usetheotherhints.

Hint2.Findthemagnificationofthefirstlens
y im
Whatisthemagnificationofthefirstlens?Recallthatmagnificationisdefinedintwoways:m = y
and
ob
s im
m=
s ob
.

Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
 ANSWER:

m1 =

Hint3.Findthemagnificationofthesecondlens
y
Whatisthemagnificationofthesecondlens?Recallthatmagnificationisdefinedintwoways:m = y ob
im

s im
andm = s ob
.

Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

ANSWER:

m2 =

ANSWER:

y
im
= 0.236 cm

Correct

PartC
Isthefinalimageuprightorinverted,relativetotheoriginalobjectatx = 50 cm ?
ANSWER:

upright
inverted

Correct

Nowremovethetwolensesatx = +20.0 cm andx = 20.0 cm andreplacethemwithasinglelensoffocallength

f at x = 0.Wewanttochoosethisnewlenssothatitproducesanimageatthesamelocationasbefore.
3

PartD
Whatisthefocallengthofthenewlensattheorigin?

Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

Hint1.Findtheobjectdistanceforthethirdlens
 Howfaristheobjectfromthenewlens?

Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

s ob = cm

Hint2.Findtheimagedistanceforthethirdlens
Howfaristheimagefromthenewlens?
Expressyouranswerincentimeters,tothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

ANSWER:

s im = cm

ANSWER:

f
3
= 19.4 cm

Correct

PartE
Istheimageformedbyf 3 thesamesizeastheimageformedbythecompoundlenssystem?Doesithavethe
sameorientation?

Hint1.Findthemagnificationofthethirdlens
Whatisthemagnificationofthethirdlens?ComparetheresultwithyouranswerforPartsBandC.
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

m3 =

ANSWER:

Theimageisthesamesizeandorientedthesame.
Theimageisthesamesizeandorienteddifferently.
Theimageisadifferentsizeandorientedthesame.
Theimageisadifferentsizeandorienteddifferently.
 Correct

UnderstandingMultipleOptics

LearningGoal:
Tobecomefamiliarwithusingtheimageofoneinstrumentastheobjectofthenextandtracingraysthroughasystem
ofmultipleinstruments.
Multipleopticsreferstoanysystemofmorethanoneopticalinstrumentthroughwhichlightpasses.Mostdevices
relatedtooptics,suchascameras,microscopes,andtelescopes,containmultipleopticssystems.

Inmultipleoptics,theimageofoneopticalinstrumentbecomestheobjectofthenextone.Thus,inmultipleoptics
problems,youneedtofindtheimagecreatedbythefirstopticalinstrumentthattheraysencounter.Then,youwilluse
thatimageastheobjectofthenextopticalinstrument,repeatingthispatternuntilyouhavefollowedtheraysallthe
waythroughthesystem.Itisveryimportanttobealerttothegeometryandtosignswhenyoufindtheobjectdistance
foroneinstrumentfromthelocationofthepreviousinstrument'simage.Sometimes,theimageisformedonthevirtual
sideoftheinstrument,leadingtoavirtualobject.Thismaysoundstrange,butinpractice,itseffectonyour
calculationsissimplytomaketheobjectdistancenegativeinsteadofpositive.

Severalopticalinstrumentsareplacedalongthexaxis,withtheiraxesalignedalongthexaxis.Aplanemirroris
locatedatx = 0.Aconverginglenswithfocallength5.00mislocatedatx = 12.5 m .Anobjectisplacedat
x = 22.5 m .

Inordertofindthelocationofthefinalimageoftheobjectformedbythissystem,youwillneedtotracetherays
throughthesystem,instrumentbyinstrument.Youarestronglyadvisedtodrawapicturewiththexaxisandthe
locationofthelens,mirror,andobjectmarked.Then,asyouproceedthroughtheproblem,youcanmarkwhereeach
imageislocated.

PartA
First,findthelocationoftheimagecreatedbythelensbyitself(asifnootherinstrumentswerepresent).

Expressyouranswerinmeters,tothreesignificantfigures,orasafraction.

Hint1.Thethinlensequation
Forathinlens,onehastherelation
1 1 1
s
+ = ,
s f

wheres istheimagedistance,s istheobjectdistance,andf isthefocallength.

ANSWER:

x = 2.50 m

Correct

PartB
 Next,findthelocationoftheimagecreatedbytheplanemirror(afterthelighthaspassedthroughthelens).
Expressyouranswerinmeters,tothreesignificantfigures,orasafraction.

Hint1.Thefocallengthofaplanemirror
Keepinmindthataplanemirrorhasafocallengthofinfinity(sinceaplanemirrorhasaninfiniteradiusof
curvature).

Hint2.Findtheobjectdistance
YouknowfromPartAthattheimageresultingfromthepassageoflightthoughthelensislocatedat
x = 2.50 m .Iftheplanemirrorisat x = 0,whatistheobjectdistance s fortheplanemirror?

Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfigures.

ANSWER:

s = m

ANSWER:

x = 2.50 m

Correct
Proceedwithcaution!Thelightreflectsoffofthemirrorandbackthroughthelensasecondtime!

PartC
Whatisthelocationofthefinalimage,asseenbyanobserverlookingtowardthemirror,throughthelens?Keepin
mindthatthelightmustpassbackthroughthelens,andthusyoumustdoonemorecalculationwiththethinlens
equation.

Expressyouranswerinmeters,tothreesignificantfigures,orasafraction.

Hint1.Objectdistanceforthelens(secondtime)
Whatistheobjectdistances forthelensthesecondtime?Recallthattheobjectistheimagemadebythe
mirror.Youfounditscoordinateinthelastpart,sojustsubtractthatfromthecoordinateofthelenstofind
theobjectdistanceforthelensthesecondtime.
Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

s = m

ANSWER:
 x = 20.0 m

Correct

PartD
Isthefinalimageformedbythissystemrealorvirtual?

Hint1.Realversusvirtual
Arealimageisonethatformsatalocationthatthelightactuallyreaches(imagineaslideprojectorcreating
animageonascreen).Avirtualimageisonethatformsatalocationthatthelightdoesnotactuallyreach.
(Imaginetheimagecreatedwhenyoulookinamirrorhangingonawall.Nolightactuallymakesitpastthe
wallthereonlyappearstobeacopyofyouontheothersideofthewall!)

Hint2.Realversusvirtualwithmultipleoptics
Sincethetypeofimageisdeterminedonlybywhetherthelightactuallyreachesthelocationoftheimage,
whethertheimageisrealorvirtualdependsonlyonthelastopticalinstrumentthroughwhichthelight
passes.Thus,thelightmayfailtoreachanintermediateimage(inthisexample,theonecreatedbythe
mirror,whichwasavirtualimage)butmaystillcreatearealfinalimage,whichitwilldoifthelightreaches
thelocationofthefinalimagecreatedbythesystem.

ANSWER:

real
virtual

Correct

Ifyouhavemorethanoneopticalinstrument,thetotalmagnificationisequaltotheproductoftheindividual
magnifications.Keepinmindthattheimageofonedevicebecomestheobjectofthenext.Ifthefirstdevicecreatesan
imagethatistentimesthesizeoftheobject,andthesecondcreatesanimagethatistwentytimesthesizeofthefirst
image(whichwasitsobject),thenthefinalimagewillbetwohundredtimesthesizeoftheoriginalobject.Thismakes
sensebecausetheseconddevicemagnifiesfurtherwhatwasalreadymagnifiedbythefirstdevice.Tofindthe
magnitudeofthemagnificationofthefinalimage,youwillneedtoconsidereachinstrumentandfindtheindividual
magnifications.

PartE
First,findthemagnitudemlens1 ofthemagnificationoftheimagecreatedwhenlightfromtheobjectpasses
throughthelensthefirsttime(asifthemirrorwerenotpresent).

Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
 Hint1.Magnification
Themagnificationofanimageisdefinedasthenegativeoftheratiooftheimagedistancetotheobject
distance.Themagnitudedeterminestherelativesizeoftheimageascomparedtotheobject,whilethesign
yieldstheorientation(negativeisinverted,positiveisupright).

ANSWER:

m lens1 = 1

Correct

PartF
Next,findthemagnitudemmirror ofthemagnificationoftheplanemirror.

Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

m mirror = 1

Correct
Ofcourse,thisisexpected.Planemirrorsdon'tmagnifyyourimage!

PartG
Nowfindthemagnitudemlens2 ofthemagnificationoftheimagecreatedwhenlightfromtheobjectpassesthrough
thelensthesecondtime(afterreflectingoffthemirror).
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.
ANSWER:

m lens2 = 0.5000

Correct

PartH
Whatisthemagnitudeofthemagnificationofthefinalimage?
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresorasafraction.

ANSWER:
 m = 0.5000

Correct

PartI
Isthefinalimageuprightorinverted?Givetheorientationrelativetotheoriginalobject.

Hint1.Magnificationinmultipleoptics(orientation)
Ifyouhavemorethanoneopticalinstrument,thetotalmagnificationisjusttheproductoftheindividual
magnifications.Theimageofonedevicebecomestheobjectofthenext.If,forexample,thefirstdevice
createsanimagethatisinverted(negativemagnification)andthesecondcreatesonethatisalsoinverted
(negativemagnification),thenthefinalimagewillbeupright(positivemagnification).Mathematically,this
makessensebecausetheproductoftwonegativenumbersispositive.Conceptually,thismakessense
becauseifthefirstdeviceinvertstheimage,andthesecondalsoinvertstheimage,thenthefirstdevice
flipstheimageupsidedown,andthesecondflipsitbackagain,resultinginanimagethatisrightsideup.

Hint2.Findtheorientationfromthelens(firsttime)
Istheimagecreatedbythelens(asifthemirrorwerenotpresent)invertedorupright?

ANSWER:

upright
inverted

Hint3.Findtheorientationfromthemirror
Istheimagecreatedbythemirror(oftheimagecreatedbythelens)invertedorupright,comparedtothe
imagecreatedbythelens?

ANSWER:

upright
inverted

Hint4.Findtheorientationfromthelens(secondtime)
Istheimagecreatedbythelens(oftheimagecreatedbythemirror)invertedorupright,comparedtothe
imagecreatedbythemirror?

ANSWER:

upright
inverted
 ANSWER:

upright
inverted

Correct

CorrectiveLensesConceptualQuestions

Thenearpoint(thesmallestdistanceatwhichanobjectcanbeseenclearly)andthefarpoint(thelargestdistanceat
whichanobjectcanbeseenclearly)aremeasuredforsixdifferentpeople.

nearpoint farpoint
(cm) (cm)
Avishka 40

Berenice 30 300
Chadwick 25 500
Danya 25

Edouard 80 200
Francesca 50

PartA
Which,ifany,ofthesepeoplearenearsighted(myopic)?

Listthefirstletterofallcorrectanswersinalphabeticalorder.Forexample,ifAvishkaandEdouardarethe
onlynearsightedones,enterAE.

Hint1.Beingnearsighted(myopic)
Apersonwithnormalvisioncanfocusclearlyonobjectsaninfinitedistanceaway.Apersonisconsidered
nearsighted,ormyopic,iftheirfullyrelaxedeyefocusesonlyouttoafinitedistance.Thisistheresultof
theeyeconvergingthelightfrominfinityintooshortadistance.

ANSWER:

BCE

Correct
Nearsightednesscanbecorrectedbydiverginglenses,whichformvirtualimagesattheindividual'sfarpoint
whenpresentedwithobjectsatinfinity.
PartB
Which,ifany,ofthesepeoplerequirebifocalstocorrecttheirvision?

Listthefirstletterallcorrectanswersinalphabeticalorder.Forexample,ifAvishkaandEdouardarethe
onesneedingbifocals,enterAE.

Hint1.Beingfarsighted(hyperopic)
Thosewithnormalvisioncanfocusonobjectsatanormalreadingdistance,definedtobe25cm.Aperson
isconsideredfarsighted,orhyperopic,whoisunabletofocusonobjectswithinthisdistance.Thisproblem
istheresultoftheeyenotconvergingthelightfromanearbyobjectstronglyenough.

Hint2.Bifocals
Apersonwhoisbothmyopicandhyperopicwillneedbifocalstoseebothfarandnearobjectsclearly.
Bifocalstypicallyhavearelativelysmallconverginglenssetinthebottomportionofanotherwisediverging
lens.Toseenearbyobjects,forexampletoread,thepersonlooksthroughthebottomconvergingportionof
thelens.

ANSWER:

BE

Correct
Farsightednesscanbecorrectedbyconverginglenses,whichformvirtualimagesattheindividual'snearpoint
whenpresentedwithobjectsat25cm.Bifocalsincludebothconverginganddiverginglensestocorrectfor
bothfarsightednessandnearsightedness.

PartC
Which,ifany,ofthesepeople'svisioncanbecorrectedusingonlyconverginglenses?
Listallcorrectanswersinalphabeticalorder.Forexample,ifAvishkaandEdouardaretheoneswhose
visioncanbethuscorrected,enterAE.

ANSWER:

AF

Correct

PartD
Ofthefarsightedpeople,rankthembythepowerofthelensneededtocorrecttheirhyperopicvision.
Rankthesefromlargesttosmallestpowerrequired.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.

Hint1.Power
 Thepowerofalensistheinverseofitsfocallength.Lenseswithsmallfocallengthshavelargepowerand
cancorrectmoreseriousvisiondefects.

Hint2.Deviationfrom"normal"nearpoint
Thenearpointofanormaleyeis25cm.Thelargerthedifferenceofaperson'snearpointfromthisnormal
value,themoreseriousthevisiondefect.

ANSWER:

Correct

NearsightednessandFarsightedness

Apersonwithnormalvisioncanfocusonobjectsascloseasafewcentimetersfromtheeyeuptoobjectsinfinitelyfar
away.Thereexist,however,certainconditionsunderwhichtherangeofvisionisnotsoextended.Forexample,a
nearsightedpersoncannotfocusonobjectsfartherthanacertainpoint(thefarpoint),whileafarsightedpersoncannot
focusonobjectscloserthanacertainpoint(thenearpoint).Notethateventhoughthepresenceofanearpointis
commontoeveryone,afarsightedpersonhasanearpointthatismuchfartherfromtheeyethanthenearpointofa
personwithnormalvision.
Bothnearsightednessandfarsightednesscanbecorrectedwiththeuseofglassesorcontactlenses.Inthiscase,the
eyeconvergesthelightcomingfromtheimageformedbythecorrectivelensratherthanfromtheobjectitself.
PartA
Whenglasses(orcontactlenses)areusedtocorrectnearsightedness,whereshouldthecorrectivelensforman
imageofanobjectlocatedatinfinityinorderfortheeyetoformaclearimageofthatobject?

Hint1.Rangeofvisioninnearsightedness
Tobeeffective,thecorrectivelensshouldformanimageatapointlocatedwithintherangeofclearvision.
Recallthatanearsightedpersoncanformaclearimageofanyobjectlocatedasfarfromtheeyeasthefar
point,butnotfarther.

ANSWER:

Thelensshouldformtheimageatthenearpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatthefarpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatapointclosertotheeyethanthenearpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatapointfartherfromtheeyethanthefarpoint.

Correct
Thiseffectisachievedbytheuseofadiverginglens,asshowninthefigure.

PartB
Ifanearsightedpersonhasafarpointd f thatis3.50mfromtheeye,whatisthefocallengthf 1 ofthecontact
lensesthatthepersonwouldneedtoseeanobjectatinfinityclearly?
Expressyouranswerinmeters.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Onceyouhavedeterminedtheobjectdistanceandtheimagedistance,youcanusethethinlensequation
tofindthefocallengthofthecontactlenses.NoticethattheinformationfoundinPartAwillhelpyoufind
theimagedistance.
 Hint2.Findtheobjectdistance
Atwhatdistanced o fromthecontactlensistheobject?

Hint1.Contactlenses
Contactlensesareplaceddirectlyagainsttheeye,sothelensobjectdistanceisthesameasthe
eyeobjectdistance.

ANSWER:

df

do = d f

Hint3.Findtheimagedistance
Atwhatdistanced i fromthecontactlensshouldtheimageforminorderfortheeyetofocusclearlyonit?

Expressyouranswerinmeters.

Hint1.Contactlensesascorrectivelenses
AsyoufoundinPartA,acorrectivelensshouldformtheimageatthefarpoint.Alsonotethat
contactlensesareplaceddirectlyagainsttheeye,sotheeyeobjectdistanceisthesameasthe
lensobjectdistance.

ANSWER:

di = m

ANSWER:

f
1
= 3.50 m

Correct

PartC
Whenglasses(orcontactlenses)areusedtocorrectfarsightedness,whereshouldthecorrectivelensforman
imageofanobjectlocatedbetweentheeyeandthenearpointinorderfortheeyetoformaclearimageofthat
object?
 Hint1.Rangeofvisioninfarsightedness
Tobeeffective,thecorrectivelensshouldformanimageatapointlocatedwithintherangeofclearvision.
Recallthatafarsightedpersoncanformaclearimageofanyobjectlocatedasclosetotheeyeasthenear
point,butnotcloser.

ANSWER:

Thelensshouldformtheimageatthenearpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatthefarpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatapointclosertotheeyethanthenearpoint.
Thelensshouldformtheimageatapointfartherfromtheeyethanthefarpoint.

Correct
Thiseffectisachievedbytheuseofaconverginglens,asshowninthefigure.

PartD
Ifafarsightedpersonhasanearpointthatis0.600mfromtheeye,whatisthefocallengthf 2 ofthecontact
lensesthatthepersonwouldneedtobeabletoreadabookheldat0.350mfromtheperson'seyes?
Expressyouranswerinmeters.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Onceyouhavedeterminedtheobjectdistanceandtheimagedistance,youcanusethethinlensequation
tofindthefocallengthofthecontactlenses.NoticethattheinformationfoundinPartCwillhelpyoufind
theimagedistance.

Hint2.Findtheobjectdistance
Atwhatdistanced o fromthecontactlensistheobject?
 Expressyouranswerinmeters.

Hint1.Contactlenses
Contactlensesareplaceddirectlyagainsttheeye,sothelensobjectdistanceisthesameasthe
eyeobjectdistance.

ANSWER:

do = m

Hint3.Findtheimagedistance
Atwhatdistanced i fromthecontactlensshouldtheimageforminorderfortheeyetofocusclearlyonit?

Expressyouranswerinmeters.

Hint1.Correctivelenses
UsetheinformationyouobtainedinPartC.Thatis,keepinmindthatthecorrectivelensshouldform
theimageatthenearpointandthatcontactlensesareplaceddirectlyagainsttheeye.

ANSWER:

di = m

ANSWER:

f2 = 0.840 m

Correct

Problem24.44

Yourtaskinphysicslaboratoryistomakeamicroscopefromtwolenses.Onelenshasafocallengthof2.2cm,the
other1.1cm.Youplantousethemorepowerfullensastheobjective,andyouwanttheeyepiecetobe15cmfrom
theobjective.

PartA
Forviewingwitharelaxedeye,howfarshouldthesamplebefromtheobjectivelens?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
 s = 1.08cm

Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerwithheldbyinstructor

PartB
Whatisthemagnificationofyourmicroscope?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.

ANSWER:

M = 120

Correct

Problem24.15

Amagnifierhasamagnificationof9.

PartA
Howfarfromthelensshouldanobjectbeheldsothatitsimageisseenatthenearpointdistanceof25cm?
Assumethatyoureyeisimmediatelybehindthelens.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.

ANSWER:

2.8 cm

IncorrectTryAgain3attemptsremaining
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis47.0%.
Youreceived2.35outofapossibletotalof5points,plus0pointsofextracredit.