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379
1. Demarcar os seguintes pontos no sistema de coordenadas polares.
( 4)
(a) P1 4,
(b) P (4, )
2 4
(c) P ( 4, )
3 4
(d) P ( 4, )
4 4
( 4)
(a) 2,
(i) ( 2, 5 )
4
(ii) (2, 7 )
4 P
/4 Eixo polar
0
684
b) ( 3
2 , )
(
(i) 2 , 4
3
) Eixo polar
(ii) ( 2 , 5 )
3 0 / 3
( 3)
(c) 5, 2
(i) (5, 5 )
3
(ii) ( 5, 4 )
3
(d) 4, 5( 6
)
(
(i) 4, 11
6
)
(ii) (4, 7 )
6
685
P
5 / 6
Eixo polar
0
/3
Eixo polar
0
x = r cos
x = 3 cos y = r sen
3
1 3
x = 3. y = 3. 2,59
2 2
x = 1,5
3 3 3
,
2 2 (1,5; 2,59 )
(
b) 3, +
3
)
686
x = 3 cos y = 3 sen
3 3
1 3
x = 3 . y = 3 .
2 2
x = 1,5 y 2,59
3 3 3
, ( 1,5; 2,59 )
2 2
(
c) 3,
3
)
Eixo polar
0 / 3
x = 3 cos ( 3
) (
y = 3 sen
3
)
1 3 P
x = 3. y = 3.
2 2
x = 1,5 y 2,59
3 3 3
; (1,5; 2,59 )
2 2
(
d) 3,
3
) P
Eixo polar
0 / 3
687
x = 3 cos ( 3
) (
y = 3 sen
3
)
1 3
x = 3 . y = 3 .
2 2
x = 1,5 y 2,59
3 3 3
,
2 2 ( 1,5; 2,59 )
(
a) 2, 2
3
)
x = 2 cos 2 = 2 . 1 = 1
3 2
(1, 3 )
y = 2 sen 2 = 2 . 3 = 3
3 2
(
b) 4, 5
8
)
x = 4 cos 5 1,5307
8
( 1,5307, 3,6955)
y = 4 sen 5 3,6955
8
(
c) 3, 13
4
)
2
x = 3 cos 13 = 3
4 2
3 2 3 2
2 , 2
3 2
y = 3 sen 13 =
4 2
(
d) 10,
2
)
688
x = 10 cos = 10 . 0 = 0
2
(0, 10 )
y = 10 sen = 10 . 1 = 10
2
(
e) 10, 3
2
)
x = 10 cos 3 = 10 . 0 = 0
2
(0, 10 )
y = 10 sen 3 = 10 . 1 = 10
2
f) (1, 0)
x = 1 cos 0 = 1
(1, 0)
y = 1 sen 0 = 0
a) (1, 1)
r= 2
1
cos =
2
=
1 4
sen =
2
( 2,
4
)
b) ( 1, 1)
r= 2
1
cos =
2 3
=
1 4
sen =
2
689
( 2 , 3
4
)
c) ( 1, 1)
r= 2
1
cos =
2 5
=
1 4
sen =
2
( 2 , 5
4
)
d) (1, 1)
r= 2
1
cos =
2 7
=
1 4
sen =
2
( 2,
4
) ou ( 2 , 7
4
)
6. Usar.
a) r > 0 e 0 < 2 ;
b) r < 0 e 0 < 2 ;
c) r > 0 e 2 < 0 ;
d) r < 0 e 2 < 0 ;
P1 ( 3, 1 )
r=2
690
3 1 11
cos = sen = = ou =
2 2 6 6
11 5 7
a) 2, b) 2, c) 2, d) 2,
6 6 6 6
(
P2 2 , 2 )
r=2
2 2 5
cos = sen = =
2 2 4
5 3 7
a) 2, b) 2, c) 2, d) 2,
4 4 4 4
a) x 2 + y 2 = 4
r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sen 2 = 4
r2 = 4
r = 2
b) x = 4
r cos = 4
c) y = 2
r sen = 2
d) y + x = 0
691
3
= + k , k
4
e) x 2 + y 2 2 x = 0
r 2 2r cos = 0
r 2 cos = 0
r = 2 cos
f) x 2 + y 2 6 y = 0
r 2 6r sen = 0
r = 6 sen
a) r = cos
x
x2 + y2 =
x + y2
2
x2 + y2 x = 0
b) r = 2 sen
y
x2 + y2 = 2 .
x + y2
2
x2 + y2 2y = 0
1
c) r =
cos + sen
1
x2 + y2 =
x y
+
x2 + y2 x2 + y2
x+ y =1
d) r = a , a > 0
692
x2 + y2 = a
x2 + y2 = a2
9. r = 1 + 2 cos
x
1 2 3
-1
10. r = 1 2 sen
y
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
-4
11. r = a b cos
a=2 e b=3
a=3 e b=2
a=b=3
693
r = 2 + 3 cos
y
3
x
1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3
r = 2 3 cos
y
3
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1
-2
-3
r = 3 + 2 cos
694
y
3
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3
r = 3 2 cos
y
3
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1
-2
-3
r = 3 + 3 cos e r = 3 3 cos
y
y
3
3
2
2
1
1
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-3 -3
695
12. r = cos 3
0.5
x
-0.5 0.5 1
-0.5
13. r = 2 cos 3
1.5
0.5
x
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
14. r = 2 sen 2
696
y
1.5
0.5
x
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
15. r = 2 cos
y
2.5
1.5
0.5
x
-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
16. r = 2 sen
697
y
0.5
x
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
17. r = a b sen
a=2 e b=3
a=3 e b=2
a=b=2
r = 2 + 3 sen r = 2 3 sen
y
y
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
5
-1
4
-2
3
-3
2
1
-4
x
-5
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
r = 3 + 2 sen r = 3 2 sen
698
y
y
6
1
5 x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
4
-1
3
-2
2
-3
1
-4
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-5
-1
r = 2 + 2 sen r = 2 2 sen
y
y
1
6
x
5 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
4
-2
3
-3
2
-4
1
x -5
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-6
-1
18. r cos = 5
x
1 2 3 4 5
-1
19. r = 2 sen 3
699
y
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
20. =
4
/4 Eixo polar
0
21. =
9
Eixo polar /9
0
pi/2
22. 5r cos = 10
A
2
700
23. r 2 = 4 cos 2
x
-2 -1 1 2
2
24. r = 3 , 0
x
-10 -5 5 10 15 20 25
25. r = 4 sen
y
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
701
26. r = e , 0
x
0.5 1
27. r = 2
Eixo polar
0 2
28. r = 10 cos
y
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
702
29. r = 2 cos
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
30. r = 12 sen
y
12
11
10
1
x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
31. r = e 3
1000
500
x
-1500 -1000 -500 500 1000
-500
-1000
703
32. r = 2
y
4
3
2
1
x
-5 5 10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
33. r = e , entre = 0 e =
3
3
s=
0
e 2 + e 2 d
3
=
0
2e 2 d
3
= 2 e d
0
= 2 e 3 1 u. c.
3
= 2 e
0
34. r = 1 + cos
704
s = 2 ( sen )2 + (1 + cos )2 d
0
= 2 sen 2 + 1 + 2 cos + cos 2 d
0
= 2 2 + 2 cos d
0
= 2 2 1 + cos d
0
=2 2
0
2 cos 2
2
d
=2 2
0
2 cos d
2
= 4 . 2 sen
20
= 8 sen sen 0
2
= 8 u. c.
35. r = 2 a sen
2
s = 2 (2a cos )2 + (2a sen )2 d
0
2 2
= 2 4 a d = 2 2 a d
2
0 0
= 4a = 2a u.c
2
36. r = 3 2 , de = 0 at = 2
3
705
2
3
s=
0
36 2 + 9 4 d
2
3
= (
9 2 4 + 2 d )
0
2
3 1
3 (4 + )
2 2
= d
0
2
3 3
= 3.
1 4+ ( 2
) 2
2 3
2 0
8 3
=
27
(
9 + 2 2 8 u.c )
37. r = e 2 , de = 0 at = 3
2
3
2
(2e )
2 2
s= + e 4 d
0
3
2
= 0
4e 4 + e 4 d
3 3
2 2
5 2
= 0
5 e 2 d =
2
e
0
5 3
=
2
(
e 1 u. c. )
706
s = 2 (10 sen )2 + 100(1 cos )2 d
0
= 2 200 200 cos d
0
= 2 200 1 cos d
0
= 2 10 2 2 sen 2 d
0
2
= 2 . 10 2 . 2 sen d
0
2
= 40 . 2 cos
20
= 80 cos cos 0
2
= 80 u. c.
Nos exerccios 39 a 46, encontrar a integral que d o comprimento total da curva dada.
39. r 2 = 9 cos 2
1 1
r = (9 cos 2 ) 2 = 3(cos 2) 2
3 1 3sen 2
r = (cos 2) 2 ( sen 2)2 =
2 cos 2
4
9 sen 2 2
s = 4 + 9 cos 2 d
0
cos 2
4
9 sen 2 2 + 9 cos 2 2
= 4 d
0
cos 2
4
d
= 12
0 cos 2
40. r = 3 sen 3
707
6
s = 6 (9 cos 3)2 + 9 sen 2 3 d
0
6
= 18 9 cos 2 3 + sen 2 3 d
0
41. r = 4 cos 4
8
s = 16 ( 16sen 4)2 + 16 cos 2 4 d
0
8
= 64 16 sen 2 4 + cos 2 4 d
0
42. r 2 = 9 sen 2
1
r = 3(sen 2 ) 2
1 1
r = 3 (sen 2 ) 2 . cos 2 . 2
2
4
9 cos 2 2
s = 4 + 9 sen 2 d
0
sen 2
4
9 cos 2 2 + 9 sen 2 2
= 4 d
0
sen 2
4
9
= 4 d
0
sen 2
4
d
= 12
0 sen 2
43. r = 2 3 cos
708
s = 2 (3 sen )2 + (2 3 cos )2 d
0
= 2 9 sen 2 + 4 12 cos + 9 cos 2 d
0
= 2 13 12 cos d
0
44. r = 4 2 sen
( 2 cos ) + (4 2 sen )
2 2
s=2 d
2
2
=2
4 cos 2 + 16 16 sen + 4 sen 2 d
2
2
=2
20 16 sen d
2
2
=4
5 4 sen d
2
45. r = 3 + 2 cos
s = 2 ( 2 sen )2 + (3 + 2 cos )2 d
0
= 2 4 sen 2 + 9 + 12 cos + 4 cos 2 d
0
= 2 13 + 12 cos d
0
46. r = 4 + 2 sen
709
2
(2 cos ) + (4 + 2 sen )
2 2
s=2 d
2
2
=2
20 + 16 sen d
2
2
=4
5 + 4 sen d
2
47. r 2 = 9 sen 2
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
2
1
A= 2.
2 9 sen
0
2 d
2
1
= 9 . cos 2 = 9 u . a.
2 0
48. r = cos 3
710
y
0.5
/6
x
-0.5 0.5 1
-0.5
6
1
A = . 6 cos 2 3 d
2 0
1 1
6
= 3 + cos 6 d
0
2 2
1 1 6
= 3. + sen 6
2 12 0
= u. a.
4
49. r = 2 cos
y
2.5
1.5
0.5
x
-3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
711
1
A = 2 . (2 cos ) d
2
20
(4 4 cos + cos ) d
2
=
0
1 1 9
= 4 4 sen + + sen 2 = u. a.
2 4 0 2
50. r 2 = 16 cos 2
1.5
0.5
x
-4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
-0.5
-1
-1.5
4
1
A1 = . 4 16 cos 2 d
2 0
4
1
= 32 sen 2
2 0
= 16 u. a
51. r = 3 sen 2
712
y
2.5
2
/4
1.5
0.5
x
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
4
1
9 sen
2
A = 8. 2 d
2 0
1 1 4
= 36 . sen 4
2 8 0
9
= u. a.
2
52. r = 3 2 cos
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1
-2
-3
-4
713
1
s = 2 . (3 2 cos ) d
2
20
y
5
1
x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
1
16(1 + cos ) d
2
A= 2.
20
(
= 16 1 + 2 cos + cos 2 d )
0
1 1
= 16 + 2 sen + + sen 2
2 4 0
= 24 u. a.
.
714
y
5
1
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
1
16(1 cos ) d
2
A= 2.
20
(
= 16 1 2 cos + cos 2 d)
0
1 1
= 16 2 sen + + sen 2
2 4 0
= 24 u. a.
.
y
8
1
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
715
1 2
A = 2 . 16(1 + sen ) d
2
2
2
2
= 24 u. a.
y
1
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
1 2
A = 2 . 16(1 sen ) d
2
2
2
= 24 u. a.
716
y
3 /4
x
-2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
2a cos = 2a sen
cos = sen
=
4
2
1
4a
2
A= 2. cos 2 d
2
4
a ( 2 )
2
= u. a
2
/3
3
x
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
717
6 cos = 2 + 2 cos
4 cos = 2
1
cos = =
2 3
3
1
36 cos
2
A1 = 2 . d
2 0
3
36 cos
2
= d
0
1 1 3
= 36 + sen 2
2 4 0
3 9 3
= 18 . +9. = 6 +
3 2 2
1 3
A2 = 2. 4(1 + cos ) d
2
2 0
3
(
= 4 1 + 2 cos + cos 2 d )
0
1 3
= 4 + 2 sen + sen 2
2 0
4 2 3
= +4 3+ +
3 3 2
A = A1 A2
9 3 4 2 3
= 6 + +4 3+ +
2 3 3 2
= 4 u. a.
718
y
5
1
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
= 32 4u.a
60. Encontrar a rea da regio do 1 quadrante delimitada pelo primeiro lao da espiral
r = 2 , 0 e pelas retas = e=
4 3
y
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
719
3
1
4
2
A= d
2
4
3 3
= 2.
3
4
3
37
= u. a.
2592
61. Encontrar a rea da regio delimitada pelo lao interno da limaon r = 1 + 2 sen .
3
2
1
(1 + 2 sen )
2
A= 2. d
2 7
6
3
2
(1 + 4 sen + 4 sen ) d
2
=
7
6
3
1 1 2
= 4 cos + 4 sen 2
2 4 7
6
3 3
= u. a.
2
720
10 cos = 6
3 3
cos = = arc cos
5 5
3
arccos
1 5 6
2
( )2
A = 2. 10 d
2 0 cos
3
arccos
= (100 36tg ) 0 5
3
100 arccos 48u.a.
5
a) 2r = 3 e r = 3 sen
721
3
= 3 sen
2
1
sen = =
2 6
6
1
9 sen
2
A1 = d
2 0
1 1 1 6
= . 9 sen 2
2 2 4 0
9 1 1 3 9 9 3
= . .
2 2 6 4 2 = 24 16
2
1 9
A2 =
2 9 4 d = 24
6
3 9 3
A = 2 ( A1 + A2 ) = u. a.
2 8
b) 2r = 3 e r = 1 + cos
3
1 + cos =
2
1
cos = =
2 3
722
3
1 3
A1 = 2 .
2 9 4 d =
0
4
1
(1 + cos )
2
A2 = 2 . d
2
3
24 27 3
=
24
14 9 3
A = A1 + A2 = u. a.
8
723