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  • Corripio 1,2,3,4,5,6

    Загружено:

    Victor Rocha
    9 просмотров111 страниц
    Livro de controle de processos industriais

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    CORRIPIO 1,2,3,4,5,6

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    Livro de controle de processos industriais

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    9 просмотров111 страниц

    Corripio 1,2,3,4,5,6

    Загружено:

    Victor Rocha
    Livro de controle de processos industriais

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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" A “vetha geragdo” (Cristina Livingsione Carlos e Jennifer Smith A “geragao bem antiga”: Rene & Trina Smith ¢ familia, que sempre estiveram present A "geragdo mals querida ‘melhor coisa que acontecen comiga, imor eterno e obrigada por sera A nova gerapio de Corripios: Nicholas, Rober, Garret, David e Roman. Amendria de nosso entr Charles E. Jones, Je Finalmente, nos tevida terra natal, Cabo, Sumario 1._Introdugao_1 Sistemas Dindmicos de Primelra Ordem 55 rsformoda de Laplace ‘& Definito d 2:4 Rexposa de Sstomas de Primera Orden 2:4 Resposia ao Degas 31 242 Resporia 8 Ramps 32 2-43 Respoia Senoical 33 2.44 Resposa com Atrsono Tempo. 4 2:45 Resposa de wa Unidade de Avengo-Aurso 35 2-5. Resposts de Snes de Segunde Orcem 37 251 Resposas Superamortrdas 38 252 Resporas Resposas de Ordem Superior 44 2-6 Linerizagio 45 Lineaizgte de FungBes de ‘nears de Fangs de ravizag de Bquaes Di 3:1 Proceso Importoca das Chacerisias de Pocesto 58 3.2 Madelagem Matemtica do Proceso. 57 Problemar 69 Sistemas Dindmicos de Ordem Superior 96 peri (uitos Tips de Respsias de Presse S41 Proesos de 442 Proceso nnave de 443 Proceso de Resposi Inver: Re sos Captutes $e 133 ‘5.__ Componentes Bésicos de Sistemas de Controle 139 SL Senses eTansmisores 139 52 Valwlas de Conuale 141 “Atusdor dt Vaal Controle 6 Sintonizagio de Controladores de Reallmentagio 207 Semio TAL Repost 1 Ganho Foal 208, 172 Carsterizngto de Proce 721 a si uane 219, 14 75 Sinorizago de C 7 132 733 734 Site de Tek Desenvolvimento de Pont de Site de 14.2 Bepecifiapto de Resposa de Malka Fechada 234 Lugar das Raizese Téenlea de Resposta de Frequéncla_ 253 1 Algumas Detnigocs 253 8.2 Anilisede Sistanas de Coto ce Realimentgto AcevésdoLigarda Razes 254 8.3 Representgdo Gris de Dingramas de Lar as Rates 257 Alravés de Resposta de Fregienca. 258 agramas de Bose 264 842 Citsio de Enabiliade de Respasts de Fregttacla 270 #5 Resume 778 Problemas 778 Controle em Cascata 281 1. Controls de Razio, em Override e Seletivo 295 in Sofware «Algstmos Compuaconsit 295 1 Sins 295 iv Sumério — 296 Sumi ites Cmputcionis 300 < x aa cap 4 ato 4 a Sistemas Dindmicos de Ordem Superior rd poe ‘Stes ies de Ore Supeor 97 ‘Uma ver que os eee 10s para atmosfera eas vévulas idea 0 igido A presso tmosfes, «queda de presso ares de ead Pt = Ful) — Pam Pe oxo asendente «pati da val, KPa axe descendent s parr vl, KPa APO _ ¢, [ow y=) 22O ac, S n fe Gy {ihe dezenbro diagrams de locas. reverns o belngo de masa no estado o-estciondrioem foro do pierre massa dentro do reseratrio ~ Proporg de massa fora do reservatrio = weap daa neural no reservar nde (i) = ass de lqndoscumlads no prio reservatGrio, em hg Essa asst aa or my = eam) conde [Ay = trea de cons ransvecsl do prinsiro etwas, completamente uniform Ini) = vel de igen prime resevatsri, my squid, subsituindo a expresso por (0) no balgo de mass, ese capa entero ilo consideramos sare deena cams coe elas ito vata. A= CVO (412) equnges 2 ating AS Egy 41.1 £12 descr o princi reserva, Vos ager pra segundo eseratrn. Ur balaago de masas no esd fo talons em tora “ses Um cio em torn do segundo reser hi) pho Mais uma er, expend fee ot odo ft) = Ca 4-14 deserove 0 process; ete ‘Caton go pi tea figs de ants, Una 4-14te sone even plmcanei elo se pode ais Siena Dian e Onder Supeor 9) are determina a fuagSes de ransernci desea, sbsituios a Bq, 41.9 na Eq 4-110, 0 que produz tio, determina as Fangs de stern flo de entrada exo xo ds bombs, deseharodngrama de blocs. gu sds pitveios reser foram modeados, as 4-.1 a4-1-4, modelos agora. reco eservario. Eserevendo- um balango de assis no estado Afo-esacions- ripe toro do ereezoreservti, ob mgs igure 412 Digan de Hoos eri Seon ma, ang aa OD 4 . se or a igure 41.3 Revert ese sister oir, Procedendo como antenonmente,cblemos a pti da Bg 4.14 e da forma lineata 60g. 1.132 equago 369) ain ‘verdadero ara os ives no segundo eterceiro reservar Siem Ditics de dem Sopror 101 gE ts Fgura 44 Diagrams ost yr ts sears Biter, importante lembrar 0 que dssemos sbee as fngies de resfertnis nos Capt 2 presenta neta spo foram ods pela ul primer dem em sei Pr exempo, ‘Consideeoconjustodeeseratiris mastado ma Fig. 41.5. O prim reservar frnece de pemmanénia reservario 2 fomecea mists rae yn foe ns gra 4.4.5 Reser a sermicos ema sees a sola. Comegames eerevendo vt balago de enagia next nilo-saconéria sob oconte= fo do primezo exert usp, 1 ind Um oo baling de eneria no estado nkoetconsio sabe o cone do segundo reservatéroprodue tts tt ge guages, 2 nega [7 elo matemitice qu elacons varie desi, . fa Ka ft sn dimen Tas fa an semensso ve ithe segerdot on sin fas, a a » ye o Fgura 46 Digan oe aa eras mls st, ‘Com bse no ue prendemas nor Captlas?¢ 3 abemos qu respta dani de 3s eons os eseratis ds Fig 4-21, Neste cso, queda so dada por g 4.1.1 par aula no nov proceso mestado ne ih atavés da vavula ene on dis ese, a oahatt| = oa hwo) ‘substi det expres de ques depression equa da vv rest en interativo. A equa dave mostra que 0 ambos os reservatsis, cau ae aft onivel no segundo reservatio et 9. sas em determina como o nivel no segundo reser rimeiro reset e pelo xo da bom, nara fungdes de trnsferEacin e desea ioe Dango de massas no exadonio-estacionio morn do pela By. (2) 2eguiges, 3 nests (h)) us auno independent tnd neces. Un balnga de ‘tcionti em oo do segundo reseraticm Ey #1. Pe 3. fomece a equi neces: 13) equages, 4 ness Lf) ay ‘equages, 4 ncépits tem o model matemstice, Siem Disc de Orde Sepior 108, rocedimento usta pera cbteneSo das funges de wansertciae do vez que + Eq. 4-21 € none, sla é incariada cor = 71+ Calta ~Ful- cathe) Fay (422) ‘AB. 41.4 lnerzada come dado pela Eq 41.6 hat As Bas 1.1, 4-13, 4.2.2 416 fomecem o cone ‘vem o process cm toro dos valores de ieariagso Subsiindo ag, 42.2 ma Bg, Ge Ar ee Fosineie, ibd fy 42.320. 42.4 = HRs ney pune ao = nde aks m0) = fi tre) Fun) «25 (Em) (Se) ‘ptr a gual as Funes de ranaerEciedeseadas So obidas: 420) 42 de nnsfertacla so de segunda orem, Ox dagramasdebloos que retaam ste proceso itrativo slo mosrados a Fig, 4-22. A Fig. 422 adobe os dacs a Eg 4.2.5. A Fig, 42.25 desdbrase eaves do des Bas. 4.2.30 424 Obscive umbén que a Fig. «22a pode ser ota dstamets da ig 4-2 2 lando-oe r See Dalnea cot t 17 -Asratzes do denominador sto ja. wou Raises ou, tllandou spas aes = USE) = VRS) «parr da gut as constants de tempo “eetiv™ aro sistema interatve poem ser obidas sma ean pic gral de sistemas de oxdem siperic. 5 ows, pfs wna 1 mar i one consne e t e pdind tipense egiomea cta A aes ree igure 4:23 (0 Digrams de acs dum seater (0) Dinzuna oer de ta itn iagramas de blocosapreseatada no Capt 3. armentemostada ne Fig. 4-225. A figura oa goe as também #1) € ums ours entrada para sie Hs), inho de realimentp20" Mulus vezeschamanos ese ipo ds, bomen, exter dives css que podemosapeeder sav da eompergio as nes de uosertoia de sisemas interns edo iterates. Come r, ‘pede fo mastatos um dagrama de blocos de um ssa nfo iteatnos ne ‘meraivo Paro sistema nloiterativo ogo de tanec X (428) = so aa aad RD emo constoue deenp fate x sinlenete conta derenpy: iam anda | ago Fregieateente, em nos ‘que inporant a do tena eco data nie qa sn ate eit pr, gu pt Se ey ‘ior ela € somente uma indicagio. ono seoren are 4-9. Reservatirios Térmicos com Reciclo + Fee pTH(O~12Ua+ fodoCyTa) (42.13) es, 2 inept Seas Dinos de Orde Super 109 Par otermos as fangs de wsferéncla necessras eo diagrams de bcos, prossegi ‘og plo modo usual e obtemos a parr da Bq rune Mt ea patra Bg 42.13 (ani re = eo ary a2 ‘A Fig. 4.25 most das manera eens de 4250 deseavolvida pelo enadeamento das Eq. 42 Sbearepresen Fgura 425 Digramas loo pax sees tics come, Li ‘Stems istics de Oem Sopeor 114 demos, mane do proceso, Se note alse no inno € on. A mateméica ume “Teams 423 Reacio Qu Consider o restr mostado na Fig, 426, O eestor € ‘cor a reap exotdonicn A> B. Para emonce, ios aa Seei0 3.7. Proporta de va Proporiodocom- _Proporgtodo——Proporgio de uerjac on bprodogiodo = “Tine A acum. rmmponenteA "ada no ear (215) 1 eqasto, onde V = volume de guid a reson, em fA expresti de velocidad Fornece ums otra edeseaarodagram queso Ho eC pT U ~ Vested onde 1 = coficiente de uanstetoia de calor ttl, cosierad constant, Buf *R-in ‘A fread wanterinca decor? ALi, = eaor de reap, Bimal de A reagido CC, = capsciddecalortfien volume content, Baslb°R © balango de eneria no esa nio-etaciondio no conto do evestimentoderefige. ‘a0 — un novo volume de conrele— forece ua aua equi. ~ TAN LN6C TED 4220) A oquagtes, 4 inedgitas me da cams de rege, mP ade caloica do iio regen «volume constant, onsiderada constant, TUN *R ‘ALE¢s. 42.19 042.22 constiuem o modelo do proceso. Par ober as fungtes de ransertcia eo dngraan de blcos, peel que cate conento de equagdes€ none, ena os nears dvem emer ser Hnesiados, Ad bemos ptr a 4 : Ks cy = A, w- Brey wm onde v z = py 20min eT aw Fv, Feats, - _ ' vere Fo hae tite, Fave Te, = oozes tng A pai do Ba 422, ks ks ro = Bry) Bc Boru aan onde voce y= 9 a g6 min e Via Ey +04 Tot RP i kes PHT =F Via teitaEy + U4 Toy ar E Wea tra Zs +A ToC ap tinele ‘Sistemas Draco de Orden Superor 113 2V (A He Mhoe™ EFF Ey “R ye AH a TEA yg B Viatnira Es +UA+ Tey a y= 4" __. a5 Veatinrs Ey +0 Toy ie Fn 485 4222 poet nore Brie Bono esa ate ” ela Te-T) _ ayy 9 Ta Fenn UAT Tenly Fain Totes was Basa Kom pt masta A+ Toaly TAT Tatn Stn, 225 6942.24 pase ore MO = Shes? + ferent a Sino 4236 cut = ato war iiert FI eRe See ores (422 as septs fungSes de wansfertncia necessras (4229) (4230) 2a 23) Tee ESF ReKalee = Ree ~0,0082 * H+ ame (4239 4235) 4239 00124 ees sete? + Oa ST (4228) = 2578) (4229) (6240) aay aay al i i i 1 i i j 4 } t i sialoa a ta cap ™ * Wass “Sas oie ais Geo Ome Oar Us Oe Figura 428 Vales de pacer pros om cones operas, Suns Dini de Oden Supe 117 ete go é ~0427. [Obsernpdo: AE. $8 q 4.234 coma (KKM = Ky — {sade 10. eae com ine modo detuned, hana ete lao como pesto da propor de wansfetncia de ealor tempera de estramento da gut, Cn renders depended ops prieddes lias do mater de costo da pared. Lr apart cone eto cmos da cpa. aot pore dealer (sous resistencias € bem maior do Ser ensiderdaglobalmente com scapaitiscia da lateral da tessa menor, ¢ cas so onde ‘= codient de tanstetocia decalordo Bie exe, spesto coasans, Bu mR A, = trea de wansfrtacs de elo ents, £2 = volume da parede de metal, £8 = densidad da paree de mei, 3 (Cy, = captcidade volume constants da puede de maa, Bal *R Finalmente, um balngo de eer stad nio-staciondrio na Seu read force outa equi nce LAO pT (N= fellacey FeO) = Vane Sem Cincoquagtes sso agora neces para descreveroretor. A Eq 42 (que deseeve sdindmica da pede. ‘Apairdas Eqs. 219642 20, €obidea Bg, 4223, como foi motado.Esrevernos est equa ais uma vez po conveniénin. vac 6 eee Vatharages +A +70 «6 ecg. -T oR = TA Vianna ey thas Tote ain a n= Kus som densa Vlaen Fay + has Toy a onan Sines Dinca de Orden Suptior 119 kb 3 bh ch SG oO A ft zrQO ft z € a a Ta Fgura £29 Digan de lo pa lr qtrc osenico— coxsrando we aps, Contos Flmente,aparirda Ea. 4245 Kir Ku wee ST re= Fats) Ietorcomo um eeriio™ RESPOSTA DE SISTEMAS DE ORDEM SUPERIOR Dives tps de fanoes strives. Doi os ero de ordem supior foram desenvolvids mas es argo or pads poss nti €compost de ssteman eprini orm om se Seems Dininics de Oe Sopeor 124 anisarmos Fig. 4.1 com mais eater, poemos eonstatar que a respota ds sistemas ‘ue sto sistemas de eres ondem ou super pace semelhane& resp de uss 2 "A reso dos proesss deserts pel Eq 43.2, com rns res sis uma vx sagem deg de grteza untae fg pula a. 43 ‘Aig. 432 mos as uss rexportas,O efit do temo (rs + 1) apres” a rexpeta ia +). No Capital 3, 10 Fizure 431 espn de stems de ede oper superanoecins uma aioe es on {iho ends igor 432 Cpa ds eps a 4360437, 2 le its sms us na vio em deat mea i tov estado ctacionsio — slo algumas vezes cisiicadon como procenoe lives maoria dos procesos€ deste po. A Sepia 44 apresena dis eneapog ‘deprocessos nao cutorepulves, iastataneamete 3 uma vaio o sina, mas nts com constants de‘empo (me anh fi) ombs no depende do fel no eservti, a soma Figur 41 Reet de ocean com bn ‘ipliado oo dei 4 Sisters Ditncs de Ode Soptior 123, clo matemdico,cbenks as funges de wansferénci deseo da- reliciontm one! doreseratro Mt) a Max de ead) © 20 (eaay equa, 2 incense) Ml} p= densidad do guido, consierad constants, ot 4 = Sea de cote ansversal do esevati,f A tombs feces qe. + pare mann oan) at 2eqagtes,2incdgsits ‘Sto neces apenas dus equages pra a modelagem deste proceso simples. ‘Sogulad opredinento ws LL) ripn-t2 Rez deel eres Te aus vari sal pn el, Nag, 44.4 a presso conta scorer Mo & também dependenie do nivel. Ela 5 necessiia par 8 aorepulgao, Nee (49) (ean) = constant deter do reseratiio “y= constant de tempo da vu Enretano x vezeso nivel no afta imensamente flux de sala, gu ese ur ‘po semethane de esposta como mostra aa Fig, 4-42. Pra explornnos este pono g E ane T_Peura 443 Digs blocs: un seta dpe ‘Sie Diniicos de Oren Speer 125 Siem Disiics de Ore Supeioe 127 ai 419 lociade da reap, Io eA ead? min ume do retor ‘Siena Dini de Oey Superior 129 opto (99097 onrs| 0729-——_——______| i a ee 130280 we Piura 4.46) espn de eng a ‘tu. () Resp detenyrsurccneaute ras Vso de ~S Raa topent deo rajio de = 10 metered ete RBESSES0E 888888 eso an oo eA HO ‘Figura 447 Anise de etd tio do exo seo # clr revo no er gui) "Teer de nn de STE (epee de ena Ge STO (0) Teper ena soem teas dining, Normalent, os engenbsirs cama ete cpio ura de ego descotolda, Vis coisas podem acnteer sso dest ite mina de seguranga para oqulo restr fol proetado, pect for dena ports, ela pode realmeat forge. A medida que os reagents so exurigos,o calor gerado tinge wm limite; ee 80 jmentando, Neste moment, &remocio de ear pode s oma enor C,e Cnt Fige 4.7 eb. Urs ipo de to cea faclment um enor eer As hates acleres —0 corbustivel — nh 80 on seas ndocuo-reeuves, que, enquant sales com partes eis positives pe SinenasDiiics de Oem Sty 131 un condi de esti etaionsio. © exemolo mi faba abera ua eagto ote de regbesexcénnien ocorem mais important, Toroeadever er capacidae de eigerao suiiene 4.43 Process de RespostaInversa: O Reator Quimico NaS 4.23 coniermosum restr quiico Ga, Eg 4-228 foram dese Aig. 4-28 montraa espost ca vn varia em degr2 m0 Hux do proses Ua nas esto emcees oposts sis. mena depos din: A temperature pre a chara resposte viva mumerador da ung de wafer. eno unger ce wanferécin abo chamadas cero. A Eq 42.39 1er um 220 or 8 Ronen ingen om i epee de 2 cataios Sse Disinicorde Oem Sopesor 133, tmortos foram ois inisiand- se dos primeice ceenergia As vers, Esta equayto forsee iveres rocest I eage mas apdanent ‘ue 0 proceso 2, ms process 2 dev ser malor do que de process i > [i Sob estas condiges,onamersdor da nga de ane. ‘cin eds pe RK Banke ‘No odo os extoresgutnicos exibem o comportiment de respost ers. Outros po- sss comuns que exibem ee tipo de resposta soos gatificdores de carvio ldo ato de are egos de oper a mesmo po proizam o produlo de quliadedesejada na proparo do projet. Fur 4-49 Espo deropoens de ec orem pero Parsee de rine cde. incl ns bapa car de espe vag c eae cova ¢8 nat Parson io eben sot este €o cao inclines ae apn oa ln nytt meses fo signin ds segs ee oxo do eee etenens isu se e ste trae pn “ubela Pet Inforagtes do Proceso e Valores no ado Estacion parao Problema 43 Jy 225 gp Fi = 60 = 300828. Ts = BOF = SOR bu fama cy =e = OF es: Be 444A epee lonetar meer see goer aio Pig Pod ra Reena pro Pb Meare Sem eee 5 feng smn elder Sen Dinos de Order Supeior 137 Figura PT Raat de mie 4 ante. Tee Tie -sergom consis, Mose ques ono de aan 12 oh fagotto | eet Oa Pm ae ue : oz my ae - ok Pes x ae ess oe ac - Soe OO at a Figura PS Resoresem sr pc Pena 8 gers P10 Poze prs oPebema frre 2! | Capitulo 5 = Componentes Basicos de Sistemas de Controle 140. Copies Stems deContoie LL ‘Acxprestto pare; masta gie 0 ganbo ato é constant, mas & mo mais uma fang do on f58 Gand loo og: som, a 7S en(£) 001 05 095 10 = om (Ga) ® do tenis Cs) ¢m ST, ate o poco, ule cones cs 00s Undinges, 512. Apemicdn dee 0 ganado uaa poe tobi coniarecocen ‘lal na sada sobre a variago total na entrada, que és amplitude do transmissor, 04) ma lyric zr done ves que o gato sera seta ride em items Ge contol de 00. roduzindo um eassistor ica. Alm tlribidos ofeeze exept at ‘00, em porcentual de sada do tansmissor (%48T), | (100-0) ast ire E 0,5 ati (200= OF pig = OF STH 52 VALVULAS DE CONTROLE mer 0M, en ge ‘As vilvulas de controle st os elementos de or de pret ie [intima omen ot. ‘ec end lzado prs mesic euntes comune es ‘ewan de cot onde no. Consequentement, sina sda d cont ste site as paraa valle Mo aside ds vrs = fuxovolunetico Segunda 8 equato, 0 ganho local do ransmissor€ obi como se segue: S21 Atuador da Valvula de Controle oe Rew 12 Ma re 142 capo 3 CCongonets Bisco Stade Contac 143 1 contol Parte ds valvuls de conto Ago de Valvua de Controle ‘Pigra $22 Posies dea de ib canton ng ath ONCE, vamos considera taniae aspen pare vapor ids eines femulas gu elacianam a poses da vl com an do controlador, Arpanabric B= ra hepa fesir, pat pamenio de coment desse exempo, quando vdvula do predtode vapor no sms eso vs este vate Ha scone ‘um a espsia dndmica do stu 522. Capactdade e Dimensio Saas de Canele 145 144 Cop sin molecular mtn do ss€o so de gsem ne atin! 4 masa roll mein ter v expres os Servigo Ligue 629 Uns véval de, onto € sinplesmente um oie We C,c.08 pa ida relat do quid nsconticdes do Mo © de emidees a Ey 5.2.1 famaceo Nano de. ima se valor EVE eh cones 0 faxo se = 500 /OER, 2x em Ih 8,33 Wal ena d erpbes, 38 coreg pra © 20s determinaro hea ates dav NdeofOe lo abords no Aptadoe pando peste em relago i pressiio de. 1 dena doe. Flaxo Compressive) ae de es de uso compressive ropes pols Mason «comercaizam villa de ba ualdae, dene Zak Foxboro, Hoaeywell cous, A ses HE SUR eqUaGBes © metodo lo ipice ta nd sages pre fx compresiel paca bead ser ext tC anal Msn ncn ee RIND gmp quedo compen cam densiade de 8 pen (a desided San € 1 ies de enn eas iad 38 quando rai sowucio P f= BCC, PL 4 vat =) 4. fo de gis em ash (eh = = dead rt do gis om wine nasa molecular dogs por 25a ago atc Me = 38.6 3509-12 Pon St SPR aon desde de vii por 380, Loge apo 8 0 por & dada porn mas Glo de mash avs = (5) (om) (Sim) 146 capiies EXEMPLO 5.22 Dimesionande uma Valve de Controle de Vigor sonucio Dimensionamento das Vélvulas de Controle rao sevigo, Deste modo, a rules apres pesado es paras estinaro flax aravs de una valle de console, fara deseavelvide ss

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