Experiment 1 : Free vortex

Diameter Diameter Measured Pitot tube Pressure Velocity, Radius, r2 1/r2

of orifice at centre, height,h head head/ V r (mm) (mm2) (1/mm2)
(mm) D (mm) (mm) difference, depth of (mm/s)
H (mm) pitot
tube,X
(mm)
24 59 85 11 23 464.56 29.5 870.25 1.15x10-3

63 90 9 10 420.21 31.5 992.25 1.01x10-3

16 38 86 15 22 542.49 19.0 361.00 2.77x10-3

45 92 13 15 505.03 22.5 506.25 1.98x10-3

8 28 85 11 23 464.56 14.0 196.00 5.10x10-3

32 85 7 16 370.59 16.0 256.00 3.56x10-3

Pressure head against 1/r2

25

20
Pressure head, X (mm)

15

10

0
0.00101 0.00115
1/r2 (1/mm2)

Column1

Figure 1 : Graph of pressure head against 1/r2 for a 24mm orifice diameter
Table 2 : Difference between actual and theoretical velocity for 24mm orifice diameter
Radius, r (mm) Actual velocity (mm/s) Theoretical velocity (mm/s)
29.5 464.56 14.24
31.5 420.21 13.33
 Velocity against radius
500
450
400
Velocity, V (mm/s)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
29.5 31.5
Radius, r (mm)

theoritical velocity actual velocity

Figure 2 : Graph of velocity against the radius of the profile for 24mm orifice diameter

Pressure head against 1/r2

25

20
Pressure head, X (mm)

15

10

0
0.00198 0.00277
1/r2 (1/mm2)

Column1

Figure 3 : Graph of pressure head against 1/r2 for a 16mm orifice diameter
Table 3 : Difference between actual and theoretical velocity for 16mm orifice diameter
Radius, r (mm) Actual velocity (mm/s) Theoretical velocity (mm/s)
19.0 542.49 22.11
22.5 505.03 18.67
 Velocity against radius
600

500
Velocity, V (mm/s)

400

300

200

100

0
19 22.5
Radius, r (mm)

theoritical velocity actual velocity

Figure 4 : Graph of velocity against the radius of the profile for 16mm orifice diameter

Pressure head against 1/r2

25

20
Pressure head, X (mm)

15

10

0
0.00356 0.0051
1/r2 (1/mm2)

Column1

Figure 5 : Graph of pressure head against 1/r2 for a 8mm orifice diameter
Table 4 : Difference between actual and theoretical velocity for 8mm orifice diameter
Radius, r (mm) Actual velocity (mm/s) Theoretical velocity (mm/s)
14.0 464.56 30.00
16.0 370.59 26.25
 Velocity against radius
500
450
400
Velocity, V (mm/s)

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
14 16
Radius, r (mm)

theoritical velocity actual velocity

Figure 6 : Graph of velocity against the radius of the profile for 8mm orifice diameter

Experiment 2 : Forced vortex

Distance from ho (mm)
st nd
centre (mm) 1 (12.5 LPM) 2 (14.8 LPM) 3rd (16.4 LPM)
Measured Theoretical Measured Theoretical Measured Theoretical
0 75 75 78 78 70 70
30 78 79 77
70 80 82 79
110 82 84 82
No of revolutions 36 33 32
in 60s
Angular velocity 3.77 3.46 3.35
(rad/s)