International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)

Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

An investigation on the effect of fillers on the Properties of Self

Compacting Concrete (SCC)
SAKHIMOL B MANJU R. Dr.J.PREMALATHA,
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Professor & Head,
Assistant Professor (SRG), Dept. of
Engineering, Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore 641049, India Coimbatore 641049, India Coimbatore - 641049.
E-mail: sakhibusher@gmail.com manjustructure@gmail.com Mobile: 9345386524
premravi_11@rediffmail.com

Abstract - Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a high performance concrete which has high
deformability and resistance to segregation. It gets compacted under its own weight. The
objective of the study is to compare the flexural behaviour of SCC beams with filler
materials.SCC containing 40% cement replacement with four filler materials Fly Ash (FA),
Silica Fume (SF), Marble Powder (MP) and Lime stone Powder (LP)in eight different
combinations were done. Three proportions of Silica Fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA) and Marble
Powder(MP) and three proportions of fly ash, silica fume and Lime stone Powder (LP) and
finally a mix containing the entire four fillers (FA-10%, SF-10%, LP-10%, MP-10%) were
investigated. Control mix contained 40% replacement of cement with fly ash alone. Experiments
were conducted to study the effect of filler materials in different combinations in different
proportions on the properties of fresh and hardened state and found that the mix containing both
limestone powder and marble powder had maximum flow ability. Results also showed that
increase in marble powder and lime stone powder content increased all the properties and mix
containing all the four fillers in equal percentage revealed to have maximum strength. .Load at
first crack increased with the addition of fillers which is due to the bond between the concrete
and steel in beams. This experiment suggested a cost effective replacement of cement in SCC
with waste limestone powder and marble powder thus proving to be an eco-friendly mix.

Keywords: Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Silica Fume, Marble powder, Lime stone powder,
Fresh concrete properties.
1. Introduction
Concrete is a widely used man-made
construction material which has the largest
utilization worldwide. Research works are
continuously going on concrete to obtain a
cost effective product which is eco friendly
during its life span and provides excellent
aesthetical appearance when it is used in
structures. Different types of concrete have
been developed to accomplish the society
needs. Many studies have been conducted
incorporating different additives and chemical
admixtures to enhance its properties both in
fresh and hardened state.
Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly
workable innovative concrete which gets
compacted under its own weight without any
vibration. SCC can flow through congested
reinforcement and adequately fill all voids
without segregation. SCC gains strength
earlier at the same time ensures quality and
durability of concrete. In SCC mixes the
cement content requirement will be more for
sufficient stability to reduce bleeding,
segregation and settlement. This will lead to
material cost as well as negative effects on the
properties of concrete like shrinkage, hike in
thermal stress etc. this increased powder
content requirement is usually met by the use

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of pozzolanic filler materials. Super plasticizer
is an inevitable admixture of Self Compacting
Concrete for achieving a highly fluid concrete
mix. The need for viscosity enhancing
chemical admixture gets vanished by the
incorporation of fly ash in SCC. The
properties of SCC differ considerably from
conventional slump concrete.
2. Related works
(K.Turk et al) Mechanical properties of self
compacting concrete with Silica fume/fly ash.
Silica fume and Fly ash were added separately
as partial replacement of cement from 5% to
20% and 25% to 40% at 5% intervals
respectively.SCC with SF/FA had in
generalhigher compressive and tensile
strength than NC specimens for all curing ages
. SCC with SF15 had the highest compressive
and tensile strength. It also had the highest
elastic modulus in all specimens but the UPV
value is highest for SCC specimens with FA.
(Surabhi C S et al) investigated the influence
of lime stone powder on properties of self
compacting concrete and observed that
limestone powder can be used as a successful
mineral admixture in SCC .Limestone is found
to improve the workability of SCC up to 20%
replacement of cement and further addition
reduces strength. All the properties like
cylinder compressive strength, split tensile
strength, flexural strength and modulus of
elasticity improves with the addition of
limestone powder
(Dilraj Singh) conducted experimental
investigation on the fresh properties of self
compacting concrete containing fly ash, silica
fume and lime powder comparative study on
the use of different materials as binder content
on SCC and their effect on workability
properties were done. Fly ash content is varied
from 0 to 30% and silica fume and lime
powder content is varied from 0 to 15 % and
observed to have good consistency and
workability for all mixes with constant w/p
ratio and SP dosage .Decrease in percentage
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of fly ash makes the mix dense and hence
reduces workability. The combination ofsilica
fume and limestone powder reduces the
workability of the mix.
(R.Ramanathan et al.)carried out an
experimental investigation on strength aspects
like compressive, flexural and split tensile
strength and workability. Higher compressive
strength was observed for silica fume series.
In general the use of admixtures improved the
performance of self compacting concrete in
fresh state and also avoided the use of
viscosity modifying admixtures.
(M.A.Farediwala,M.A.Jamnu) had done
experimental research on the workability and
compressive strength of self compacting
concrete and revealed that self compacting
concrete mixes with constant ingredients and
different dosages of plasticizers, the one
incorporating fly ash, tended to have higher
workability. The effect of fly ash and the
dosage of the super plasticizer were higher on
improving the compressive strength when the
water cement ratio was lower.
(V.M.Shelke et al) presented the influence of
partial replacement of cement with marble
powder and to compare with the compressive
strength of ordinary M20 concrete and
observed that the compressive strength
decreased when marble powder alone was
used. The optimum result of compressive
strength was found at 8% silica fume and 8%
marble powder with replacement of OPC
cement.
(kazim Turk et al) conducted experiments on
vibrated traditional type concrete with low
slump and eight types of self compacting
concrete in which cement was partially
replaced by four types of replacements
(25%,30%,35%40%) of class F fly ash and by
four kinds of replacements (5%,10%,15% and
20%) of silica fume. The main objective was
to evaluate the effect of different types and
dosages of mineral addition on the mechanical
properties and abrasion resistance of SCC.
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
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Compressive tensile strength and UPV values
of SCC specimen where higher than those of
VTC specimens for all curing ages other than
three days when Fly ash and Silica fume
content increased. Modulus of elasticity of
SCC specimen in general increased with an
increase in silica fume whilst the modulus of
elasticity decreased with an increase in fly ash
content. Increase in silica fume content
improved the abrasion resistance of SCC
compared to fly ash whilst the abrasion
resistance of all SCC specimen was higher
than that of VTC.
(C.Selvamony)studied the effect of replacing
the cement, coarse aggregate and fine
aggregate by limestone powder (LP) with
silica fume, quarry dust and clinkers
respectively and their combinations of various
proportions on the properties of SCC has been
compared. Fresh properties, flexural and
compressive strengths and water absorption
properties of concrete were determined.
Constant SP dosage of (0.8%) and mineral
additives content (30%),LP can better improve
the workability than that of control and fine
aggregate mixtures by (5% to 45%).LP can
have a positive influence on the mechanical
performance at early strength development
while SF improved aggregate-matrix bond
resulting from the formation of a less porous
transition zone in concrete. The results of this
study suggest that certain quarry dust, SF and
LP combinations can improve the workability
of SCC, more than QD, SF and LP alone.
(Seshadri Shekhar et al) made experimental
investigation on permeability properties of the
self compacting concrete mixes. In higher
grade of the self compacting concrete mixes
the resistance to the permeability is more in
comparison with the lower grade of the
concrete mixes.
The objective of this work is to study the
effect of different fillers (Fly Ash, Silica fume,
Limestone powder and Marble Powder) on the
properties of SCC by conducting experimental
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investigation on fresh and hardened concrete
and to determine the durability property of
SCC under same condition
3. Experimental investigation
3.1. Materials Used
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of grade
53 conforming to IS 12269-1987 was used.
Coarse aggregate: In this research work the
aggregate size was restricted to 12.5 so as to
avoid blocking effect of Self Compacting
Concrete.Coarse aggregate conforming to
zone II of IS383-1970 was used. Specific
gravity of coarse aggregate was 2.76 and bulk
density was 1540kg/m3.
Fine aggregate: Locally available river sand
of specific gravity 2.73 and bulk density
1670kg/m3 and conforming to zone II of IS
383 was used in this experimental research.
Silica fume: It is amorphous and, Silicon
dioxide content is more than 85%. Particle
size of silica fume is many times smaller than
typical particle size of Portland cement. It is a
very reactive pozzolanic material Bulk
density of silica fume (as-produced) is 130 to
430 kg/m3 and (densified) is 480 to 720
kg/m3 ,Specific gravity is 2.2 and Specific
surface 15,000 to 30,000m2/kg
Fly ash: Fly ash is a fine residue resulting
from the burning of powdered coal at high
temperatures in electric power-generating
stations. There are two class of fly ash-Class F
and Class C. Class F has pozzalonic properties
and Class C has both pozzolanic and
cementitius properties. In this study Class F
Fly ash confirming to IS: 3812 was used.
Super plasticizer: Master Glenium SKY
8233(Formerly Glenium B233) is an
admixture of new generation based on
modified polycarboxylic ether. Master
Glenium SKY 8233 is free of chloride & low
alkali. It is compatible with all types of
cements. It is a Light brown liquid with
relative density: 1.08 + /- 0.01 at 25C and pH
is greater than 6. The Chloride ion content is
less than 0.2%.
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
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Water: Potable water was used throughout the

research work for mixing the materials and Table 2.Mix proportion for SCC containing
curing the specimen. Lime Stone Powder (kg/m3)
MIX ID LP5 LP10 LP15 LM10
3.2 Mix design and combinations
Cement 312 312 312 312
Experimental investigations were done on
Fly Ash 156 104 52 52
eight mix proportions including the control
Silica Fume 26 52 78 52
mix. In control mix, 40% of cement is
Lime stone
replaced with fly ash alone. Three mixes powder
26 52 78 52
incorporating fly ash, silica fume and marble 0 0 0 52
Marble powder
powder in different proportions and three
Water/powder 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
mixes with fly ash, silica fume and lime stone
super plasticizer 2.70% 2.75% 2.8% 2.75%
powder indifferent proportions and one mix
incorporating fly ash, silica fume, marble
powder and limestone powder were
3.3 Tests on fresh concrete
prepared.MP5(Fly Ash-30%, marble powder-
Properties of Self compacting concrete in
5%, silica fume-5%), MP10( Fly Ash-
fresh state was determined by conducting
20%silica fume-10%, marble powder-10%),
a)Slump flow and T50 test b)V-Funnel test
MP15( Fly Ash- 10%silica fume-15%, marble
c)L-Box Test d)U-Box test and e)J-Ring Test.
powder-15%), LP5( Fly Ash-30%silica fume-
These tests are conducted to degree of flow
5%, Lime Stone powder-5%), LP10( Fly Ash-
ability, filling ability and self compactable
20%,silica fume-10%, Lime Stone powder -
property of concrete
10%), LP15( Fly Ash-10%,silica fume-15%
a) Slump flow and T50 test
Lime Stone powder-15%), LM10( Fly Ash-
These tests were conducted to determine the
10%,silica fume-10% marble powder-10%,
filling ability of SCC. In slump flow the
silica fume-10%Lime Stone powder-10%)
spread or flow of concrete was measured by
were the mix ID. For control mix 2.25
measuring the diameter of spread. The time
percentage of super plasticizer was used. Mix
taken by the concrete to spread to diameter of
proportions of SCC containing 40 %
50cm was measured during the slump flow
replacement with fly ash alone and those
test which is the T50 test result. The
containing fly ash, silica fume and marble
recommended value for slump flow is
powder is shown in Table1.Mix proportion
between 650mm and 800mm and for T50 is
details of SCC containing fly ash, silica fume
2sec to 5 sec. Spread of SCC in slump flow
and lime stone powder and the one containing
test is shown in fig 1.
all the fillers is shown in Table 2
Table 1.Mix proportion for SCC containing
Marble Powder (kg/m3)
MIX ID CM MP5 MP10 MP15
Cement 312 312 312 312
Fly Ash 208 156 104 52
Silica Fume 0 26 52 78
Marble powder 0 26 52 78
Water/powder 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
super plasticizer 2.25% 2.5% 2.6% 2.65%

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b) V-Funnel test d) U-Box Test

This test was conducted to determine the filling
ability of concrete. The funnel was filled with
concrete and the time taken for it to flow
through the apparatus completely was noted.
As per EFNARC the time taken shall be
between 6 sec and 12 sec.
This test measures the filling ability of self
compacting concrete. Concrete is filled in one
half of the U-Box and allowed to pass to the
other half and level difference between the
concrete in both the sections was
measured.SCC with good flow ability resulted
in the H1-H2 =0.the acceptance criteria for this
test is 30mm.

c) L-Box Test
This test was conducted to find out the degree
of blocking of coarse aggregate through the
reinforcement bars. The L-Box value is the
ratio of levels of concrete at each end of the
box after the test was completed. The L-Box
value is also referred to as blocking value or
blocking ratio. Acceptable values for this test
are in the range of 0.8 to 1. The test result
value one indicates better flow of SCC.
e) J-Ring Test
In this test the concrete was allowed to pass
through the J-Ring bars and the difference in
height between concrete inside and outside of
bar was measured and which gave an
indication regarding the passing ability or
degree to which the concrete flow is blocked
by reinforcing bars. Maximum permissible
value for J-Ring is 10mm.

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3.4 Strength Tests on hardened concrete
Compressive strength test, Split tensile
strength test and flexural strength tests were
conducted on hardened concrete. Compressive
strength test and Split tensile strength tests
were conducted on the specimens at the age of
7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Flexural strength
test is conducted at the age of 28 days only.
Compressive Strength test: Most of the
desirable properties of the concrete are related
to compressive strength and hence this test is
most commonly conducted on hardened
concrete. The cube specimen of size
150mm150mm150mm was used in this
research work.
Split tensile Strength test: This test was
conducted on cylindrical specimen of size
150mm300mm.Split tensile test gives more
uniform test results than other tension tests.
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Flexural Strength test: Knowledge of tensile
strength of concrete is of importance since
tensile stresses are likely to develop in
concrete due to temperature gradients, rusting
of steel reinforcement and many other reasons.
In this experiment the specimen used was
prism of size 100mm100mm500mm.
4 Flexural Behaviour of SCC beams with
filler materials
To study the flexural behavior, reinforced
concrete beams of size
1500mmx100mmx170mm were casted for
control mix and mix containing all the mixes
in equal percentage. 10mm diameter Fe 500
grade steel bars were provided as longitudinal
reinforcement and 8mm diameter stirrups
were provided at 100mm spacing. Mould for
the beam specimen were oiled properly and
the mix were poured into the mould after
verifying all the fresh properties. Cover block
was placed inside the mould to maintain
proper cover. Surface were finished and kept
for 48 hrs. After the removal of moulds,
beams were put for 28 days curing. The beams
were given roller support on one end and
hinged support on other end and subjected to
two points loading. Load was applied through
load cell and dial gauges were fixed at the
centre of the beam and under the load points
to record the deflection of the beam during
test. The crack propagation was carefully
marked with the pencil. The beam was loaded
up to failure.
 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 19 (2015)
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Compressive Strength, split tensile strength

and flexural strength results are showed in
table 4, table 5 and table 6 respectively and
the corresponding variations are showed in
Fig.9, Fig.10 and Fig.11

Table 4.Compressive Strength Results

Weight Density Compressive Strength in N/mm2
Mix ID
kg kg/m3
7days 14days 28days
CM 8.228 2437.93 26.30 30.89 37.54
MP5 8.300 2459.26 35.82 41.20 47.27

Fig. 9.Test set up for flexural behavior of beam MP10 8.414 2493.04 36.50 46.98 49.76
MP15 8.398 2488.30 40.19 49.58 52.67

5 Result and Discussions LP5 8.397 2488.00 29.76 34.74 38.37

LP10 8.555 2534.81 29.88 35.24 39.01
5.1. Fresh Concrete Properties
LP15 31.11 35.35 44.61
Control mix had the maximum flow ability 8.220 2435.56
compared to all other mixes.SCC LM1O 8.635 2558.52 42.61 50.08 55.02

incorporating marble powder exhibited more

flow ability than those with limestone powder. Table 5.Split Tensile Strength Results
The fresh property test results are showed in Weight Density Split Tensile Strength in N/mm2
Mix ID
table 3 kg Kg/m3
7days 14days 28days
CM 12.96 2445.86 1.89 2.16 2.58
Table 3.Fresh Concrete Properties Results MP5 12.93 2440.20 3.15 3.48 3.66
Slump V-
MIX T50 L-Box U-Box J Ring MP10 12.98 2449.63 3.20 3.65 3.90
ID
Flow Funnel
sec mm mm mm
mm sec MP15 3.46 3.95 4.02
12.90 2433.59
CM 630 4.7 11.23 0.900 24.0 6.0 LP5 12.84 2423.02 2.19 2.24 2.68
MP5 660 4.5 10.58 0.870 25.0 8.0 LP10 12.83 2420.57 2.14 2.68 2.83
MP10 660 4.6 10.84 0.860 25.5 8.5 LP15 12.94 2442.09 2.49 2.69 3.27
MP15 690 4.5 11.10 0.875 25.8 9.0 LM1O 12.90 2434.54 3.73 4.11 4.44
LP5 700 4.4 9.70 0.883 23.5 7.1
LP10 710 4.3 9.23 0.899 22.7 6.9 Table 6.Flexural Strength Results
LP15 710 4.2 9.10 0.964 20.5 6.5
FlexuralStrength
Weight Density in N/mm2
LM10 715 3.8 8.80 0.975 18.0 5.0 Mix ID
kg kg/m3
28days
CM 12.508 2501.60 6.33
5.2. Strength Properties of Concrete
MP5 12.624 2524.80 7.42
The test results of hardened concrete showed MP10 7.79
12.524 2504.80
that SCC containing lime stone powder gave
MP15 12.568 2513.60 7.93
good results regarding strength compared to
LP5 12.769 2553.80 6.46
those containing marble powder for all ages.
LP10 6.77
SCC that incorporated all fillers proved to 12.896 2579.20
have the best strength among all the eight LP15 12.456 2491.20 7.24

mixes. LM1O 12.432 2486.40 8.43

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60 First Crack
CM
Mid span
50 MP5 Specimen
S.No Deflection (mm)
40 MP10 ID
30 MP15
Load Experim Theor
KN ental otical
20 LP5
10
1 CM 20.00 2.16 1.53
LP10
0 LP15
2 MP5 20.00 1.92 1.53
7days 14days 28days LM10
3 MP10 25.00 2.60 1.92
2
4 MP15 22.50 2.42 1.73
Fig.9Compressive Strength in N/mm
5 LP5 22.50 1.70 1.73
5
6 LP10 22.50 2.22 1.73
CM
7 LP15 22.50 2.15 1.73
4 MP5
MP10
8 LM1O 25.00 2.75 1.92
3
MP15
2
LP5
1 LP10
5.3.2Ultimate load
0 LP15
The yielding of steel was found to be more in
7days 14days 28days LM10
the beam specimen incorporating all the
Fig.10Split Tensile Strength in N/mm2
mineral admixtures and ultimate load
corresponds to the yielding of steel and
10
crushing of concrete.
CM
8 MP5

6
MP10 Ultimate
MP15 Mid span
4 Specimen
LP5 S.No Deflection (mm)
ID
2 LP10 Load Experim Theor
0 LP15 KN ental itical
28days LM10 1 CM 43.20 20.00 1.68
Fig.11Flexural Strength in N/mm2 2 MP5 48.21 23.97 1.87
3 MP10 47.11 23.55 1.83
5.3 Flexural Behavior of SCC beams 4 MP15 47.05 23.30 1.83
with filler materials 5 LP5 48.66 24.08 1.89
5.3.1 Load at first crack 6 LP10 47.20 23.93 1.83
7 LP15 46.97 23.57 1.82
Load at first crack increased with the addition 8 LM1O 49.92 24.32 1.94
of fillers which is due to the bond between the
concrete and steel in beams.

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5.3.3 Load-deflection behavior

Load-deflection plots for all the eight mixes Load- Deflection

are shown in figures below. Up to application
of load at first crack the curve is linear and on LP10 LP15
further application of load multiple cracks are Deflection Deflection
Load Load
caused and the deviation in curve is observed. at L/2 at L/2
On further increase in load a drop in the load 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
is observed with propagation of cracks. All the 2.50 0.26 2.50 0.24
Beams failed by compression of concrete and
5.00 0.42 5.00 0.40
the load deformation curves are plotted up to
7.50 0.50 7.50 0.46
failure stage. The same behavior was noticed
both the beams. It can be observed in the 10.00 0.72 10.00 0.62
graph plotted for load and deflection, 12.50 0.96 12.50 0.82
15.00 1.22 15.00 1.30
17.50 1.54 17.50 1.62
Load- Deflection 20.00 1.88 20.00 1.98
CM LP5 22.50 2.30 22.50 2.42

Deflection at Deflection at 25.00 2.60 25.00 3.02

Load Load
L/2 L/2 27.50 3.09 27.50 3.64
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 3.77 30.00 4.06
2.50 0.27 2.50 0.28 32.50 4.52 32.50 4.74
5.00 0.32 5.00 0.42 35.00 5.49 35.00 7.08
7.50 0.45 7.50 0.48 37.50 8.42 37.50 10.93
10.00 0.77 10.00 0.68 40.00 10.50 40.00 14.11
12.50 0.83 12.50 0.94 42.50 13.17 42.50 17.29
15.00 1.22 15.00 1.24 45.00 16.28 45.00 20.87
17.50 1.64 17.50 1.58 47.11 23.55 48.66 24.08
20.00 2.16 20.00 1.92
22.50 2.51 22.50 2.38
25.00 3.06 25.00 2.92
60
27.50 3.71 27.50 3.38 CM
4.44 30.00 3.62
50
30.00
40 y = 1.674x + 13.05
32.50 6.11 32.50 4.21 R = 0.721
30
Load KN

35.00 8.74 35.00 4.77

20
37.50 11.32 37.50 6.49
10
40.00 14.87 40.00 8.78
0
42.50 19.21 42.50 12.23
0 5 10 15 20 25
43.20 24.43 45.00 15.11
Deflection mm
47.50 19.23
48.21 23.97
Fig.12 load Deflection curve for CM

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Load- Deflection

MP5 MP10

Load Deflection Load Deflection at

at L/2 L/2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.50 0.28 2.50 0.16
5.00 0.40 5.00 0.28
7.50 0.47 7.50 0.40
10.00 0.58 10.00 0.68
12.50 0.77 12.50 0.80
15.00 0.99 15.00 1.16
17.50 1.28 17.50 1.58
Fig.13 load Deflection curve for LP5 20.00 1.55 20.00 1.82
22.50 1.70 22.50 2.22
25.00 2.56 25.00 2.64
27.50 3.13 27.50 3.11
30.00 3.80 30.00 3.42
32.50 4.80 32.50 4.56
35.00 7.35 35.00 5.39
37.50 11.27 37.50 7.90
40.00 14.21 40.00 10.22
42.50 17.00 42.50 14.17
44.60 20.99 45.00 17.77
47.20 23.93

Fig.14 load Deflection curve for LP10

Fig.15 load Deflection curve for LP15 Fig.16 load Deflection curve for MP5

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6. Conclusions
This study revealed that replacement of
cement with fillers had positive effect on both
fresh and hardened properties of Self
Compacting Concrete. Mix contained fly ash
alone had maximum flow ability. Addition of
fillers decreased the workability and among
the mixes with marble powder and lime stone
powder those with lime stone powder proved
to be less workable whilst the mix with the
entire fillers in equal percentage revealed to
posses good fresh properties.
Fig.17 load Deflection curve for MP10
LM10 proved to have workability superior to
the control mix. Comparing the strength
criteria all the mixes possessed higher strength
than control mix. SCC incorporating marble
powder exhibited more strength compared to
those with lime stone powder for all ages.
Increase in compressive strength was about
46.56 %. Split tensile strength was increased
by an average value of 72.01%. The mix
incorporating all the mixes revealed to posses
maximum strength too. The increase in
compressive strength is nearly 46.56 % when
compared to the control mix. On the whole the
mix containing all the m fillers in equal
Fig.18 load Deflection curve for MP15
proportions had very high positive influence
on the fresh and hardened properties of Self
Compacting Concrete. Load at first crack
increased with the addition of mineral
admixtures which is due to the bond between
the concrete and steel in beams. All the
beams exhibited a tension failure which is
a ductile failure.
References
1) Nan Su Kung Chung hsu, His-Wen
chai.2001.A simple mix design method for
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