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Project definition
Categories of projects
According to types
Research projects
According to size
Small or micro project- Have few objects and small budget and in a short time.
Planning
Is thinking through something intended to be done, so as to lay strategies for achieving
the objectives.
To plan is just to look a head and prepare what has to be accomplished in future.
Planning gives a purpose and direction to the project in the prevailing environment
(considering available resources including human resource) therefore project
development means planning and management.
Management
It is a science of mobilizing various resources both human and non human for the
purpose of accomplishing the desired results to achieve in the changing environment. for
example in the given example of reducing sepsis, the leading nurse in the project may
need to provide a CUE on control / prevention of sepsis and bring the staff together so
that a team combines efforts for a common goal.
The project cycle are activities involved in the arrangement for achieving the set goals of
the project from its conception to its completion.
i) Project identification
Project identification is the conceptualization of the project ideas. Ideas may be triggered
by some need /problem that become obvious to the individual or institution. It covers
preliminary screening /scanning in the needs /problems. Some times this is termed as
feasibility study. It involves selecting of the project out of many alternatives ie priority
setting.
The appraisal of the project is a systematic review of all aspects of the projects with the
aim of providing reliable information to proceed or not to proceed with the project. It
involves checking the estimates and projections of the cost of resources and the expected
flow of benefits from the project along with possible financiers and beneficiaries. The
appraisal can be internal or by use of independent experts. The report of the appraisal or
project proposal can be used for selecting funds for the project if presented to
management or even donors.
Project appraisal may examine the technical, financial, economic, social, institutional
environment and sustainability aspects of the project. Political and legal aspects are
considered during the appraisal process.
This stage involves carrying out most of the activities of the project. Service delivery is
undertaken. The human resources are in place and other resources are distributed
accordingly. Human resources share activities according to specialties so that the prior
agreed course of action is in place.
v) Project monitoring
b)Formation of articles and memorandum of association (articles that rule and regulate
the association)
The project cant be viable with out proper implementation plan. A work plan of the
project is the schedule of activities and how they follow one another.
For every project implementing agency requires a well established system to constitute its
institutional frame work for the controlled implementation of its project.
4. Launching and introducing the project operation (official opening of the project)
This involves setting a project into the operational process. It is the actual stage of the
project. The competent workers are selected and introduced in the project. There is
mobilization and sensitization of the target group in order to solicit their acceptability,
support and willingness to participate in all major activities of the project.
It is important to remember that the more survival of the project is not a guarantee of
achieving project objectives to an acceptable level. A project may be running but
underachieving or under performing, necessitating to be put on the right course and
enhance efficiency and effectiveness.
Includes; have staff who are committed, honesty, responsible, transparent, accountable,
self motivated and clear headed.
Too adequate resource allocation and other factors of production including a clear
leadership with clear goals and mission constitutes strength of the project.
This is reflected in the project workers /staff lacking self confidence or being ignorant of
the goals of the project / not knowing what the project is about and what it stands for. The
staff may also be too ambitious, arrogant and critical of one another, lack of recognition
of each others inputs.
Other indicators include poor communication, poor chain of command and lack of
regular appraisal and reporting.
Indications of the project opportunities
Project opportunities can be reflected by chances of staff development programmes to
equip workers with better knowledge and skills. Opportunities also include increased new
contact with more influential persons and organizations including good will from policy
makers, funding bodies and other agencies.
All those who have interest in the project, customers/ patients, service providers and
other beneficiaries.
- Trying to follow the project work plan because its guide in project implementation