Indiana Jones

Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones Jr. is a title character and protagonist of the
Indiana Jones
Indiana Jones franchise. George Lucas created the character in homage to the action
heroes of 1930s film serials. The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of Indiana Jones character
the Lost Ark, to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984,
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
from 1992 to 1996, andIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008.
The character is also featured in novels, comics, video games, and other media.
Jones is also featured in several Disney theme parks, including the Indiana Jones
Adventure, Indiana Jones et le Temple du Pril, and Epic Stunt Spectacular!
attractions.

Jones is most famously portrayed by Harrison Ford and has also been portrayed by
River Phoenix (as the young Jones in The Last Crusade) and in the television series
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles by Corey Carrier, Sean Patrick Flanery, and
George Hall. Doug Lee has supplied the voice of Jones for two LucasArts video
games, Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and Indiana Jones and the Infernal
Machine, David Esch supplied his voice for Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb,
and John Armstrong forIndiana Jones and the Staff of Kings.[10]

The character is distinguished by his appearance (bullwhip, fedora, satchel[11][12]

Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones in
and leather jacket), sense of humor, deep knowledge of many ancient civilizations
Raiders of the Lost Ark
and languages, and fear of snakes.
First Raiders of the Lost
Since his first appearance in Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones has become one appearance Ark (1981)
of cinema's most famous characters. In 2003, the American Film Institute ranked
Created by George Lucas
him the second greatest film hero of all time.[13] He was also named the 1st Greatest
Philip Kaufman
Movie Character by Empire magazine.[14] Entertainment Weekly ranked Indy 2nd on
Steven Spielberg
their list of The All-Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture.[15] Premiere magazine
Portrayed Films:
also placed Indy at number 7 on their list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of
by Harrison Ford (ages
All Time.[16]
3658)
River Phoenix (age
13)
TV series:
Contents Neil "Boulie" Boulane
1 Appearances (infant)
1.1 Film Boutalat (toddler)
1.2 Attractions
Corey Carrier (ages
1.3 Literature
810)
1.3.1 Graphic novels
1.3.2 Movie-tie-in novelizations Sean Patrick Flanery
1.3.3 Original novels (ages 1621)
1.4 Television Harrison Ford (age
1.5 Video games 50)
2 Character description and formation George Hall (age 93)

3 Origins and inspirations Voiced by Video games:

3.1 Historical models Doug Lee (Fate of
 4 Costume Atlantis, Infernal
5 Casting Machine)
6 Cultural impact David Esch
6.1 Archaeological influence (Emperor's Tomb)
6.2 Fandom John Armstrong
7 References (Staff of Kings)
8 External links Information
Full name Henry Walton Jones
Jr.
Appearances Nickname(s) Doctor Jones
Indy
Junior
Film
Henri Defense[1]
1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark Mungo Kidogo[2]
1984 prequel film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Captain Dynamite,
1989 film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Scourge of the
2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Kaiser[2]
A native of Princeton, New Jersey, Indiana Jones was introduced as a tenured Jonesy[3][4][5]
professor of archeology in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, set in 1936. The
Occupation U.S Army Officer
character is an adventurer reminiscent of the 1930s film serial treasure hunters and
Archaeologist
pulp action heroes, whose research is funded by Marshall College (named after
Historian
producer Frank Marshall),[17] a fictional college in Connecticut, where he is a
Linguistics
professor of archaeology. He also attended theUniversity of Chicago.
College Professor
In this first adventure, he is pitted against the Nazis, who are commissioned by Title Doctor (Ph.D.)
Hitler to recover evidence related to Aryan roots of Nazism. (see Nazi archaeology). Capitan (Belgian
In consequence, Dr Jones travels the world to prevent them from recovering the Ark Army
of the Covenant (see also Biblical archaeology). He is aided by Marion Ravenwood Colonel (United
and Sallah. The Nazis are led by Jones's archrival, a Nazi-sympathizing French States Army) (WWII)
archaeologist named Ren Belloq, and Arnold T
oht, a sinister Gestapo agent. Family Henry Walton Jones
Sr. (father) (deceased)
In the 1984 prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, set in 1935, Jones
travels to India and attempts to free enslaved children and the three Sankara stones
Anna Mary Jones
(mother) (deceased)
from the bloodthirsty Thuggee cult. He is aided by Short Round, a young boy, and is
accompanied by singer Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw). Susie Jones (sister
deceased)[6]
The third film, 1989's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, set in 1938, returned to
Spouse(s) Deirdre Campbell
the formula of the original, reintroducing characters such as Sallah and Marcus
Jones (1926)[7]
Brody, a scene from Professor Jones's classroom (he now teaches at Barnett
Marion Ravenwood
College), the globe trotting element of multiple locations, and the return of the
Jones (1957
infamous Nazi mystics, this time trying to find the Holy Grail. The film's
present)
introduction, set in 1912, provided some back story to the character, specifically the
Children Susan Jones
origin of his fear of snakes, his use of a bullwhip, the scar on his chin, and his hat;
(daughter) Henry
the film's epilogue also reveals that "Indiana" is not Jones's first name, but a
nickname he took from the family dog. The film was a buddy movie of sorts,
Walton "Mutt" Jones
teaming Jones with his father, often to comical effect. Although Lucas intended to
III (son)
[8]
make five Indiana Jones films, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade was the last for
over eighteen years, as he could not think of a good plot element to drive the next Religion Catholic (nominal)[9]
installment.[18] Nationality American
The 2008 film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
, is the latest film in the series. Set in 1957, 19 years after the third
film, it pits an older, wiser Indiana Jones against Soviet agents bent on harnessing the power of an extraterrestrial device discovered
in South America. Jones is aided in his adventure by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and her sona young
greaser named Henry "Mutt" Williams (Shia LaBeouf), later revealed to be Jones' unknown child. There were rumors that Harrison
Ford will not return for any future installments and LaBeouf will take over the Indy franchise.[19] This film also reveals that Jones
was recruited by the Office of Strategic Services during World War II, attaining the rank of Colonel in the United States Army. He is
tasked with conducting covert operations withMI6 agent George McHale against the Soviet Union.

In March 2016, Disney announced a fifth Indiana Jones film currently in development, with Ford and Spielberg set to return to the
[20]
franchise. The film will be released on July 10, 2020.

Attractions
Indiana Jones is featured at several Walt Disney theme park attractions. The Indiana
Jones Adventure attractions at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea ("Temple of the
Forbidden Eye" and "Temple of the Crystal Skull," respectively) place Indy at the
forefront of two similar archaeological discoveries. These two temples each contain
a wrathful deity who threatens the guests who ride through in World War II troop
transports. The attractions, some of the most expensive of their kind at the time,[21]
opened in 1995[22] and 2001,[23][24] respectively, with sole design credit attributed
to Walt Disney Imagineering. Disney did not originally license Harrison Ford's
Indiana Jones as he appears at
likeness for the American version; nonetheless, a differentiated Indiana Jones audio- Disney theme parks.
animatronic character appears at three points in both attractions. However, the
Indiana Jones featured in the DisneySea version does use Harrison Ford's likeness
but uses Japanese audio for all of his speaking parts. In 2010, some of the Indy audio-animatronics at the Disneyland version were
replaced with ones resembling Ford.[25]

Disneyland Paris also features an Indiana Jones-titled ride where people speed off through ancient ruins in a runaway mine wagon
similar to that found in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril is a looping roller coaster
engineered by Intamin, designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, and opened in 1993.

The Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular! is a live show that has been presented in the Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park of
the Walt Disney World Resort with few changes since the park's 1989 opening, as Disney-MGM Studios. The 25-minute show
presents various stunts framed in the context of a feature film production, and recruits members of the audience to participate in the
show. Stunt artists in the show re-create and ultimately reveal some of the secrets of the stunts of the Raiders of the Lost Ark films,
including the well-known "running-from-the-boulder"scene. Stunt performer Anislav Varbanov was fatally injured in August 2009,
while rehearsing the popular show.[26] Also at Disney's Hollywood Studios, an audio-animatronic Indiana Jones appears in another
attraction; during The Great Movie Ride's Raiders of the Lost Arksegment.[27]

Literature

Graphic novels
Indy also appears in the 2004 Dark Horse Comics story Into The Great Unknown, collected in Star Wars Tales Volume 5. In this non-
canon story bringing together two of Harrison Ford's best roles, Indy and Short Round discover a crash-landed Millennium Falcon in
the Pacific Northwest, along withHan Solo's skeleton and the realization that a rumored nearby Sasquatch is in fact Chewbacca.

Movie-tie-in novelizations
The four Indiana Jones film scripts were novelized and published in the time-frame of the films initial releases.[28] Raiders of the
Lost Ark was novelized by Campbell Black based on the script by Lawrence Kasdan that was based on the story by Geor
ge Lucas and
Philip Kaufman and published in April 1981 by Ballantine Books; Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom was novelized by James
Kahn and based on the script by Willard Huyck & Gloria Katz that was based on the story by George Lucas and published May 1984
by Ballantine Books; Indiana Jones and the Last Crusadewas novelized by Rob MacGregor based on the script by Jeffrey Boam that
was based on a story by George Lucas and Menno Meyjes and published June 1989 by Ballantine Books. Nearly 20 years later
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skullwas novelized by James Rollins based on the script by David Koepp based on the
story by George Lucas and Jeff Nathanson and published May 2008 by Ballantine Books. In addition, in 2008 to accompany the
release of Kingdom of Skulls, Scholastic Books published juvenile novelizations of the four scripts written, successively in the order
above, by Ryder Windham, Suzanne Weyn, Ryder Windham, and James Luceno. All these books have been reprinted, withRaiders of
the Lost Ark being retitled Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark. While these are the principal titles and authors, there are
numerous other volumes derived from the four film properties.

Original novels
From February 1991 through February 1999, twelve original Indiana Jones-themed adult novels were licensed by Lucasfilm, Ltd. and
written by three genre authors of the period. Ten years afterward, a thirteenth original novel was added, also written by a popular
genre author. The first twelve were published by Bantam Books; the last by Ballantine Books in 2009. (See Indiana Jones franchise
[29]
for broad descriptions of these original adult novels.) The novels are:

Rob MacGregor (author)

Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi, February 1991.
Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants, June 1991.
Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils, December 1991.
Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge, February 1992.
Indiana Jones and the Unicorns Legacy, September 1992.
Indiana Jones and the Interior World, December 1992.
Martin Caidin (author)
Indiana Jones and the Sky Pirates, December 1993.
Indiana Jones and the White Witch, April 1994.
Max McCoy (author)
Indiana Jones and the Philosophers Stone, May 1995.
Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs, March 1996.
Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth, March 1997.
Indiana Jones and the Secret of the Sphinx, February 1999.
Steve Perry (author)
Indiana Jones and the Army of the Dead, September 2009.

Television
From 1992 to 1996, George Lucas executive-produced a television series named The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, aimed mainly
at teenagers and children, which showed many of the important events and historical figures of the early 20th century through the
prism of Indiana Jones' life.

The show initially featured the formula of an elderly (93 to 94 years of age) Indiana Jones played by George Hall introducing a story
from his youth by way of an anecdote: the main part of the episode then featured an adventure with either a young adult Indy (16 to
21 years of age) played bySean Patrick Flanery or a child Indy (8 to 11 years) played by Corey Carrier. One episode, "Young Indiana
Jones and the Mystery of the Blues", is bookended by Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones, rather than Hall. Later episodes and telemovies
did not have this bookend format.

The bulk of the series centers around the young adult Indiana Jones and his activities during World War I as a 16- to 17-year-old
soldier in the Belgian Army and then as an intelligence officer and spy seconded to French intelligence. The child Indy episodes
follow the boy's travels around the globe as he accompanies his parents on his father's worldwide lecture tour from 1908 to 1910.
 The show provided some backstory for the films, as well as new information regarding the
character. Indiana Jones was born July 1, 1899, and his middle name is Walton (Lucas's
middle name). It is also mentioned that he had a sister called Suzie who died as an infant of
fever, and that he eventually has a daughter and grandchildren who appear in some episode
introductions and epilogues. His relationship with his father, first introduced in Indiana Jones
and the Last Crusade, was further fleshed out with stories about his travels with his father as a
young boy. Indy damages or loses his right eye sometime between the events in 1957 and the
early 1990s, when the "Old Indy" segments take place, as the elderly Indiana Jones wears an
eyepatch.

In 1999, Lucas removed the episode introductions and epilogues by George Hall for the VHS
and DVD releases, and re-edited the episodes into chronologically ordered feature-length
stories. The series title was also changed toThe Adventures of Young Indiana Jones.
Sean Patrick Flanery as the
young adult Indiana Jones.
Video games
The character has appeared in several officially licensed games, beginning with adaptations of
Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, two adaptations of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (one with
purely action mechanics, one with an adventure and puzzle based structure) and Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures, which included
the storylines from all three of the original films.

Following this, the games branched off into original storylines with Indiana Jones in the Lost Kingdom, Indiana Jones and the Fate
of Atlantis, Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine, Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb and Indiana Jones and the Staff of
Kings.[30] Emperor's Tomb sets up Jones's companion Wu Han and the search for Nurhaci's ashes seen at the beginning of Temple of
Doom. The first two games were developed by Hal Barwood and starred Doug Lee as the voice of Indiana Jones; Emperor's Tomb
had David Esch fill the role andStaff of Kings starred John Armstrong.

Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine was the first Indy-based game presented in three dimensions, as opposed to 8-bit graphics
and side-scrolling games before.

There is also a small game from Lucas Arts Indiana Jones and His Desktop Adventures. A video game was made for young Indy
called Young Indiana Jones and the Instruments of Chaos, as well as a video game version ofThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.

Two Lego Indiana Jones games have also been released. Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures was released in 2008[31] and
follows the plots of the first three films. It was followed by Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues in late 2009. The sequel
includes an abbreviated reprise of the first three films, but focuses on the plot of
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
.

Social gaming companyZynga introduced Indiana Jones to their "Adventure World" game in late 2011.[32]

Character description and formation

"Indiana" Jones's full name is Dr. Henry Walton Jones Jr.,[33] and his nickname is often shortened to "Indy".

In his role as a college professor of archaeology, Jones is scholarly and learned in a tweed suit, lecturing on ancient civilizations. At
the opportunity to recover important artifacts, Dr. Jones transforms into "Indiana," a "non-superhero superhero" image he has
concocted for himself.[34] Producer Frank Marshall said, "Indy [is] a fallible character. He makes mistakes and gets hurt. ... That's the
other thing people like: He's a real character,not a character with superpowers."[35] Spielberg said there "was the willingness to allow
our leading man to get hurt and to express his pain and to get his mad out and to take pratfalls and sometimes be the butt of his own
jokes. I mean, Indiana Jones is not a perfect hero, and his imperfections, I think, make the audience feel that, with a little more
exercise and a little more courage, they could be just like him."[36] According to Spielberg biographer Douglas Brode, Indiana
created his heroic figure so as to escape the dullness of teaching at a school. Both of Indiana's personas reject one another in
philosophy, creating a duality.[34] Harrison Ford said the fun of playing the character was because Indiana is both a romantic and a

[37]

Harrison Ford as the mature Jones in
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of
the Crystal Skull (2008).
Wax statue at Muse Grvin, Paris.
and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Jones is older and wiser, whereas his sidekicks Mutt and Mac are youthfully arrogant and
greedy, respectively.[42]
Origins and inspirations
Charlton Heston in Secret of the
Incas.
Doyle's physiology professor, Sir William Rutherford, an adventuring academic, albeit a zoologist/anthropologist.
cynic,[37] while scholars have analyzed Indiana as having traits of a lone wolf; a
man on a quest; a noble treasure hunter; a hardboiled detective; a human superhero;
and an American patriot.[38]
Like many characters in his films, Jones has some autobiographical elements of
Spielberg. Indiana lacks a proper father figure because of his strained relationship
with his father, Henry Senior. His own contained anger is misdirected towards
Professor Abner Ravenwood, his mentor at the University of Chicago, leading to a
strained relationship with Marion Ravenwood.[34] The teenage Indiana bases his
own look on a figure from the prologue ofIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade, after
being given his hat.[39] Marcus Brody acts as Indiana's positive role model at the
college.[39] Indiana's own insecurities are made worse by the absence of his
mother.[40] In Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, he becomes the father figure
to Willie Scott and Short Round, to survive; he is rescued from Kali's evil by Short
[40]
Round's dedication. Indiana also saves many enslaved children.
Indiana uses his knowledge of Shiva to defeat Mola Ram.[40] In Raiders, however,
he is wise enough to close his eyes in the presence of God in the Ark of the
Covenant. By contrast, his rival Rene Belloq is killed for having the audacity to try
to communicate directly with God.[34]
In the prologue of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Jones is seen as a teenager,
establishing his look when given a fedora hat. Indiana's intentions are revealed as
prosocial, as he believes artifacts "belong in a museum." In the film's climax,
Indiana undergoes "literal" tests of faith to retrieve the Grail and save his father's
life. He also remembers Jesus as a historical figure a humble carpenter rather
than an exalted figure when he recognizes the simple nature and tarnished
appearance of the real Grail amongst a large assortment of much more ornately
decorated ones. Henry Senior rescues his son from falling to his death when
reaching for the fallen Grail, telling him to "let it go," overcoming his mercenary
nature.[39] The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles explains how Indiana becomes
solitary and less idealistic following his service in World War I.[41] In Indiana Jones
Indiana Jones is modeled after the strong-jawed heroes of the matine serials and
pulp magazines that George Lucas and Steven Spielberg enjoyed in their childhoods
(such as the Republic Pictures serials, and the Doc Savage series). Sir H. Rider
Haggard's safari guide/big game hunter Allan Quatermain of King Solomon's Mines,
who dates back to 1885, is a notable template for Jones.[43] The two friends first
discussed the project in Hawaii around the time of the release of the first Star Wars
film.[44] Spielberg told Lucas how he wanted his next project to be something fun,
like a James Bond film (this would later be referenced when they cast Sean Connery
as Henry Jones Sr.). According to sources, Lucas responded to the effect that he had
something "even better,"[44] or that he'd "got that beat.".[45]
One of the possible bases for Indiana Jones is Professor Challenger, created by Sir
Arthur Conan Doyle in 1912 for his novel,The Lost World. Challenger was based on
[46]
Another important influence on the development of the character Indiana Jones is Carl Barks' comic character Uncle Scrooge, which,
since his creation has been an intellectual property of the Walt Disney Company. Carl Barks created Uncle Scrooge in 1948 as a one-
off relation for Donald Duck in a Donald Duck comic book.[47] Barks realized that the character had more potential, so a separate
"Uncle Scrooge" Dell Comics book series full of exciting and strange adventures in the company of his duck nephews was
developed. This Uncle Scrooge comic series strongly influenced George Lucas[48] This appreciation of Scrooge as an adventurer
influenced the development of Jones in clear and obvious ways. For example, the prolog of "Raiders of the Lost Ark" contains an
homage to Barks' Uncle Scrooge adventure The Seven Cities of Cibola published in "Uncle Scrooge" # 7, Dell Comics, September
1954.[49] This homage in the film takes the form of playfully mimicking the removal-of-the-statuette-from-its-pedestaland the
falling-stone sequences of the comic book.[50][51][52] While a prototype of Uncle Scrooge in the beginning was Ebenezer Scrooge
from Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol", quickly the personality of Scrooge took on some of the characteristics of H. Rider
Haggard's Allan Quatermain and Arthur Conan Doyle'sProfessor Challenger.[53] This means then that Lucas and Spielberg may have
been influenced directly by Haggard's Quatermain and Doyle's Challenger, as noted above, but also indirectly through
Bark's/Disney's Uncle Scrooge.

The character was originally named Indiana Smith, after an Alaskan Malamute called Indiana that Lucas owned in the 1970s[54] and
on which he based the Star Wars character Chewbacca.[55] Spielberg disliked the name Smith, and Lucas casually suggested Jones as
an alternative.[44] The Last Crusade script references the name's origin, with Jones's father revealing his son's birth name to be Henry
and explaining that "we named thedog Indiana", to his son's chagrin.[56]

Lucas has said on various occasions that Sean Connery's portrayal of British secret agent James Bond was one of the primary
inspirations for Jones, a reason Connery was chosen for the role of Indiana's father in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.[57][58]
Spielberg earned the rank of Eagle Scout and Ford the Life Scout badge in their youth, which gave them the inspiration to portray
Indiana Jones as a Life Scout at age 13 inThe Last Crusade.[59]

Costume designer Deborah Nadoolman Landis noted that the inspiration for the series as well as Indiana Jones' outfit was Charlton
Heston's Harry Steele in Secret of the Incas (1954) and called Raiders of the Lost Ark "almost a shot for shot" remake of the Heston
film, citing that Indiana Jones was "a kinder, gentler Harry Steele": "We did watch this film together as a crew several times, and I
[60]
always thought it strange that the filmmakers did not credit it later as the inspiration for the series."

Historical models
Many people are said to be the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones characteralthough none of the following have been
confirmed as inspirations by Lucas or Spielberg. There are some suggestions listed here in alphabetical order by last name:

Carl Ethan Akeley (May 19, 1864 November 18, 1926) Explorer , sculptor, biologist, conservationist, inventor,
taxidermist, and nature photographer, noted for his contributions to American museums, most notably to theField
Museum of Natural Historyand the American Museum of Natural History. He is considered the father of modern
taxidermy.
Beloit College professor and paleontologist Roy Chapman Andrews.[61]
Edgar James Banks (May 23, 1866 May 5, 1945). American diplomat, antiquarian and novelist. Banks is credited
with the sale of an ancient cuneiform tablet famously known asPlimpton 322 proving the Babylonians beat the
[62]
Greeks to the invention oftrigonometry - the study of triangles - by more than 1000 years.
Italian archaeologist and circus strongman Giovanni Battista Belzoni(17781823).[63]
Yale University professor, historian, US senator, and explorer Hiram Bingham III, who rediscovered and excavated
the lost city of Machu Picchu,[64] and chronicled his find in the bestselling bookThe Lost City of the Incasin 1948.[65]
University of Chicago archaeologist Robert Braidwood.[66]
University of Chicago archaeologistJames Henry Breasted.[67]
Frederick Russell Burnham, the celebrated American scout and British Army spy who heavily influenced Haggard's
fictional Allan Quatermain character and also became the inspiration for theBoy Scouts.[68][69]
British archaeologist Percy Fawcett, who spent much of his life exploring the jungles of northernBrazil, and who was
last seen in 1925 returning to theAmazon Basin to look for the Lost City Of Z. A fictionalized version of Fawcett
appears to Jones in the bookIndiana Jones And The Seven Veils.[7]
American archaeologist Walter Fairservis.[70]
Harvard University paleontologist Farish Jenkins.[71]
 British archaeologist and soldier T. E. Lawrence.[72]
Northwestern Universitypolitical scientist, anthropologist, professor and adventurerWilliam Montgomery
McGovern.[73]
British adventurer Frederick Albert Mitchell-Hedges.[74]
German archaeologist Otto Rahn.[75]
Harvard University archaeologist andart historian Langdon Warner.[76]
Vendyl Jones (1930 - 2010) led digs in Israel searching for the holy ark. He discovered items identified as theemple
T
incense and a clay vessel for holy anointing oil. [77] In his book A Door of Hope: My Search for the T
reasures of the
Copper Scroll, he discusses the similarities.[78]

Costume
Upon requests by Spielberg and Lucas, the costume designer gave the character a distinctive silhouette through the styling of the hat;
after examining many hats, the designers chose a tall-crowned, wide-brimmed fedora. As a documentary of Raiders pointed out, the
hat served a practical purpose. Following the lead of the old "B"-movies that inspired the Indiana Jones series, the fedora hid the
actor's face sufficiently to allow doubles to perform the more dangerous stunts seamlessly. Examples in Raiders include the wider-
angle shot of Indy and Marion crashing a statue through a wall, and Indy sliding under a fast-moving vehicle from front to back. Thus
it was necessary for the hat to stay in place much of the time.

The hat became so iconic that the filmmakers could only come up with very good reasons or jokes to remove it. If it ever fell off
during a take, filming would have to stop to put it back on. In jest, Ford put a stapler against his head to stop his hat from falling off
when a documentary crew visited during shooting of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. This created the urban legend that Ford
stapled the hat to his head.[79] Anytime Indy's hat accidentally came off as part of the storyline (blown off by the wind, knocked off,
etc.) and seemed almost irretrievable, filmmakers would make sure Indy and his hat were always reunited, regardless of the
implausibility of its return. Although other hats were also used throughout the films, the general style and profile remained the same.
Elements of the outfit include:

The fedora was supplied byHerbert Johnson Hattersin England for the first three films. An Australian model was
used by costume designer Deborah Landis to show hat maker Richard Swales the details when making the iconic
hat from "the Poets" parts.[80] The fedora for Crystal Skull was made by Steve Delk and Marc Kitter of the
Adventurebilt Hat Company of Columbus, Mississippi. [81]

The leather jacket, a hybrid of the "Type 440" and the A-2 jacket, was made by Leather Concessionaires (now
known as Wested Leather Co.) forRaiders of the Lost Arkand Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. For Indiana
Jones and the Temple of Doom, jackets were made in-house at Bermans & Nathans in London based on a stunt
jacket they provided forRaiders of the Lost Ark. Tony Nowak made the jacket forIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of
the Crystal Skull.[82]
The Indiana Jones shirt is based on a typical safari-style shirt. Its distinctive feature is two vertical strips running from
the shoulders to the bottom of the shirt tails and continued over both breast pockets. A common debate regards the
original shirt color. Surviving samples of the original shirts seem to be darker in reality than they appear on screen.
Most fans look for an off-white "stone" color for their replicas. The original shirts, however , may have been more of a
"tan" or "natural" color. The shirt varied little from film to film, the only notable difference being the darker buttons in
Temple of Doom and Last Crusade. Originally designed by Andreas Dometakis for the films, this shirt was once one
of the hardest pieces of gear to find.
The trousers worn by Indiana Jones in all three films were based on original W orld War II Army and Army Air Corps
officer trousers. Although not original Pinks they are based on the same basic design and do carry a slight pinkish
hue. The trousers made forRaiders are said to be more of a greyish-brown whereas the trousers made for Temple
of Doom and Last Crusade were supposedly a purer reddish brown. The trousers were made of a khaki wool-twill,
pleated with seven belt loops, two scalloped button flap rear pockets, a button fly and a four-inch military style hem.
They were all most likely subcontracted by the costume department and made by famed London based cinema
costumers, Angels and Bermans, to be tailored perfectly for Harrison Ford for the production.
The satchel was a modified Mark VIIgas mask bag that was used by British troops and civilians duringWorld War
II.[11]
The whip was an 8 to 10 foot (2.4 to 3.0 m)bullwhip crafted by David Morgan for the first three films. The whips for
Crystal Skull were crafted by a variety of people, including e Trry Jacka, Joe Strain and Morgan (different lengths and
styles were likely used in specific stunts).
The pistol was usually aWorld War I-era revolver, including the Webley Green (Last Crusade and Crystal Skull), or a
.455 Webley Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector 2nd model revolver R ( aiders). He has also used anColt Official Police

Temple of Doom Young Indiana Jones Raiders [83]

 revolver (Temple of Doom), a Nagant M1895 (Young Indiana Jones), and a 9 mm Browning Hi-Power (Raiders).[83]
The weapon is carried in a military pattern flap holster
.
The shoes were made byAlden. A stock style (model 405) that had been a favorite of Ford's before the films, they
are still sold today (though in a redder (brick) shade of brown than seen in the films) and are popularly known as
"Indy Boots."[84]
The fedora and leather jacket from Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade are on display at the Smithsonian Institution's American
History Museum in Washington, D.C.[85] The collection of props and clothing from the films has become a thriving hobby for some
aficionados of the franchise.[86] Jones' whip was the third most popular film weapon, as shown by a 2008 poll held by 20th Century
[87]
Fox, which surveyed approximately two thousand film fans.

Casting
Originally, Spielberg suggested Harrison Ford; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in American Graffiti, Star
Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, and did not want Ford to become known as his "Bobby De Niro" (in reference to the fact that
fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films).[44] During an intensive casting process, Lucas and
Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in
earnest on Raiders of the Lost Ark.[44] However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to Magnum, P.I.
(which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role.[44] One of CBS's concerns was that
shooting for Magnum P.I. conflicted with shooting for Raiders, both of which were to begin about the same time. However, Selleck
was to say later in an interview that shooting for Magnum P.I. was delayed and did not actually begin until shooting for Raiders had
concluded.

[44]
After Spielberg suggested Ford again, Lucas gavein, and Ford was cast in the role less than three weeks before filming began.

Cultural impact

Archaeological influence
The industry magazine Archaeology named eight past and present archaeologists who they felt "embodied [Jones'] spirit" as
recipients of the Indy Spirit Awards in 2008.[88] That same year Ford himself was elected to the Board of Directors for the
Archaeological Institute of America. Commenting that "understanding the past can only help us in dealing with the present and the
future," Ford was praised by the association's president for his character's "significant role in stimulating the public's interest in
archaeological exploration."[89]

He is perhaps the most influential character in films that explore archaeology

. Since the release of Raiders of the Lost Arkin 1981, the
very idea of archaeology and archaeologists has fundamentally shifted. Prior to the film's release, the stereotypical image of an
archaeologist was that of an older, lacklustre professor type. In the early years of films involving archaeologists, they were portrayed
as victims who would need to be rescued by a more masculine or heroic figure.[90] Following 1981, the stereotypical archaeologist is
thought of as a male bull whip wielding adventurer and Ivy League professor. The stereotypical image of an archaeologist is also
portrayed as an individual usually out doingfieldwork, which is not always the case.[91]

Indiana Jones is essentially the archetype for the field of archaeology, individuals who are actively involved in this field are
influenced by the ideas put forward in the films and any other associated media. Indiana Jones is still a highly debated topic among
archaeologists, whether the influence of these films is positive or negative has yet to be determined. The argument for these films
having a negative influence states that it reflects poorly on the field, one prominent individual with this opinion is Anne Pyburn.
Pyburn described the influence of Indiana Jones as being one that is elitist and sexist, she went on to say that the Indiana Jones films
have caused new discoveries in the field of archaeology to become oversimplified and overhyped in an attempt to gain public interest
which negatively influences archaeology as a whole.[92] Eric Powell, an editor with the magazine Archaeology, was quoted saying
"O.K., fine, the movie romanticizes what we do," continuing on to say that "Indy may be a horrible archeologist, but hes a great
diplomat for archeology. I think we'll see a spike in kids who want to become archeologists."[88] In an article written by Kevin
McGeoughs, an associate professor of archaeology, he describes the original archaeological criticism of the film as missing the point
of the film. Going on to say that the various critiques of poor excavation techniques used were a plot feature to make the film more
enjoyable and that in doing so it is not trying to push an agenda. He finished by saying, "dramatic interest is what is at issue, and it is
[90]
unlikely that film will change in order to promote and foster better archaeological techniques".

A 2007 survey conducted at Lycoming College set out to examine the public perception of archaeology and what an archaeologist
looks like. The results from this survey indicated that the majority of participants all formed a similar image of an archaeologist, the
picture painted is one of a male dressed in light weight khaki clothing, wearing a "Indiana Jones hat" and would typically be found in
a desert or exotic location. In addition individuals described that the archaeologist would potentially have to become destructive or
.[91]
involved in dangerous situations to obtain the wanted artifacts, demonstrating an adventurer personality

Fandom
While himself an homage to various prior adventurers, aspects of Indiana
Jones also directly influenced some subsequent characterizations:

Lara Croft, the female archaeologist of theTomb Raider series,

was originally designed as a man but was changed to a woman,
partly because the developers felt the original design was too
similar to Indiana Jones.[93] Paramount Pictures, which distributed
the Indiana Jones film series, would later make two films based on
the Tomb Raider games.
The producer of the Prince of Persia (2008) video game, Ben
Mattes, explained that its "inspiration was anything Harrison Ford
has ever done: Indiana Jones,Han Solo."[94]
The video game seriesUncharted is also very heavily influenced Cosplay of Indiana Jones and associated
and inspired by Indiana Jones. The protagonist,Nathan Drake, characters at Fan Expo Canada 2016 in
also shares many similarities with Jones himself, both visually and Toronto.
personality-wise. The design team felt the sources shared themes
of mystery and "what-if scenarios" that romanticized adventure and
aimed to include those inUncharted.[95]
The Lego character Johnny Thunder is derived from Indiana Jones, among other influences. For one, he is
Australian (like Steve Irwin the Crocodile Hunter). His clothes are also dif
ferent, as he sports a slouch hat instead of
a fedora, a red bandanna, and a tan shirt. Plus, he has a visible mustache and sideburns.
The roguelike NetHack features the role of archaeologist, an adventurer starting the game with the trademark fedora,
bullwhip and leather jacket.
Montezuma's Revengecharacter Panama Joe (who was originally a Mexican named Pedro) shares a lot of
similaries to Indy http://img.gamefaqs.net/box/5/3/0/45530_front.jpghowever, it is a coindence as neither Jaegeror
Parker bros. knew about Indy at that timehttp://www.digitpress.com/library/interviews/interview_robert_jaeger.html
Also Montezuma's Return! character Max Montezuma (or at least in the Game Boy/Game Boy color version) shares
a lot of similiaries with Indy as well
Blizzard Entertainmentmade a big homage to the Indiana Jones character in theirMMO game World of Warcraft.
The character 'Harrison Jones' (named after the movie character and the actor portraying it) is the nominal leader of
a league of archaeologists which opposes various unsavoury villains in situations that references the various movies.
The same 'Harrison Jones' makes an appearance in theirHearthstone CCG, along with Indiana's/Harrison's
trademark hat.
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Daring Do is a pegasus and main character of the fictionalDaring Do adventure
novel series parodying Indiana Jones.[96][97][98][99]

References
1. The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, American Broadcasting Company, "London, May 1916", 1992-03-11.
2. The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, American Broadcasting Company, "Congo, January 1917", 1992-04-08.
3. The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Chapter 19 Winds of Change, American Broadcasting Company
.
4. The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Chapter 20 Mystery of The Blues, American Broadcasting Company
.
5. Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull(2008).
6. The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, American Broadcasting Company, "Peking, March 1910", 1993-06-26
 7. MacGregor, Rob (November 1991).Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils (http://www.randomhouse.com/bantamdell/ca
talog/display.pperl?isbn=9780553293340). Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-29035-6.
8. The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, American Broadcasting Company, "Ireland, April 1916", 1993-06-12
9. Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs
10. Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings (Video Game 2009) IMDb(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1363107/)
11. "TheRaider.net - Indiana Jones' Gear"(https://web.archive.org/web/20150205090014/http://www .theraider.net/inform
ation/indy_gear/shoulderbag.php). TheRaider.net. Archived from the original (http://www.theraider.net/information/ind
y_gear/shoulderbag.php)on February 5, 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
12. "George Lucas claims copyright violation in suit"(https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19881214&id
=dzlHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9_0MAAAAIBAJ&pg=2477,1773695) . The Gadsden Times. 14 December 1988. Retrieved
4 September 2014.
13. "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains" (https://www.webcitation.org/67oI7bsRP?url=http://connect.afi.com/site/
DocServer/handv100.pdf?docID=246)(PDF). afi.com. Archived fromthe original (http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServ
er/handv100.pdf?docID=246)(PDF) on May 20, 2012. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
14. "Empire's The 100 Greatest Movie Characters"(http://www.empireonline.com/100-greatest-movie-characters/default.
asp?c=6). Empire. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
15. "Entertainment Weekly's 20 All Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture"(http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20268279_19,
00.html). Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
16. "Premiere's The 100 Greatest Movie Characters"(http://www.filmsite.org/100characters4.html). Filmsite.org.
Retrieved 2010-05-21.
17. Fulks, Tricia (2008-05-26). "Indiana Jones teaches at Marshall"(https://archive.is/20080528045617/http://www
.daily
mail.com/News/statenews/200805260088). Charleston Daily Mail. Archived from the original (http://www.dailymail.co
m/News/statenews/200805260088)on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
18. Nick de Semlyen; Ian Freer; Chris Hewitt; Ian Nathan; Sam oy
T (2006-09-29). "A Race Against Time: Indiana Jones
IV". Empire. p. 100.
19. "My Indiana Jones Crackpot Theory"(http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/indy_update200802)
.
Retrieved January 2, 2011.
20. Dornbush, Jonathon (April 25, 2017)."Star Wars Episode IX, Next Indiana Jones Release Dates Revealed"(http://w
ww.ign.com/articles/2017/04/25/star-wars-episode-ix-next-indiana-jones-release-dates-revealed)
. IGN.
21. url=http://disneyland.disney.go.com/attractions/disneyland/indiana-jones-adventure/
22. Sehlinger, Bob (2010). The Unofficial Guide to Disneyland 2010(https://books.google.com/?id=DK33brCmfh0C&pg=
PA226&dq=indiana+jones+1995+disney#v=onepage&q=indiana%20jones%201995%20disney&f=false) . Hoboken
NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 226.ISBN 9780470460306. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
23. "Tokyo DisneySea Setting Sail for Adventureand Imagination on September 4, 2001"(http://www.laughingplace.co
m/News-ID10005870.asp). LaughingPlaces. 2001. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
24. "Indiana Jones Adventure: Temple of the Forbidden Eye" (http://www.theraider.net/information/attractions/forbiddene
ye.php). TheRaider.net. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
25. Disneyland Resort: Whats Worth Seeing in 2010? | The DIS Unplugged Disney Blog(http://www.disunplugged.com/
2010/02/08/disneyland-resort-whats-worth-seeing-in-2010/)
. Disunplugged.com. (2010-02-08). Retrieved on 2012-
01-14.
26. Willoughby Mariano (2009-08-18)."Disney performer dies during rehearsal"(http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2009
-08-18/news/disney_1_epic-stunt-spectacular-indiana-jones-cast-member)
. Orlando Sentinel.
27. Winders, Glenda (13 August 1989)."Disney theme park re-creates Hollywood in its heyday"(https://news.google.co
m/newspapers?id=VrAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gs4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6715,3962551&dq=great+movie+ride+raiders&hl=en) .
Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Spartanburg SC. Copley News Service. p. 12
. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
28. All titles, authors, dates of publication, and publishers of these novelizations are from the title and copyright pages of
the first editions of each of the cited volumes.
29. All titles, authors, dates of publication, and publishers of these novelizations are from the copyright pages of the first
editions of each of the cited volumes.
30. "Indiana Jones" (http://lucasarts.com/games/indianajones/). Lucas Arts. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
31. "LEGO Indiana Jones"(http://lucasarts.com/games/legoindianajones/)
. Lucas Arts. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
32. Lewinski, John Scott (1 December 2011)."Indiana Jones raids Zynga's Adventure World" (http://news.cnet.com/830
1-17938_105-57335066-1/indiana-jones-raids-zyngas-adventure-world/) . c|net. San Francisco CA. Retrieved
21 December 2012.
33. The character's full name is stated in theCorey Carrier narration of the feature-length episodeMy First Adventure
from The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.
34. Brode, Douglas (1995).The Films of Steven Spielberg. Citadel. pp. 9098. ISBN 0-8065-1540-6.
35. Breznican, Anthony (2007-12-09)."First look: Whip cracks over new 'Indiana Jones' movie"(https://www.usatoday.co
m/life/movies/news/2007-12-09-indiana-jones_N.htm) . USA Today. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
36. Windolf, Jim (2007-12-02)."Q&A: Steven Spielberg"(http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/spielberg_q
anda200802?currentPage=3). Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
37. Shinji Hata (interviewer) (1994).From Star Wars to Indiana Jones: The Best of the LucasFilm Archives. LucasFilm.
38. Puente, Maria (2008-05-22)."Indiana Jones: He's Everyman, with wit and a whip"(https://www.usatoday.com/life/mo
vies/news/2008-05-22-indiana-jones-cover_N.htm) . USA Today. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
39. Brode, Douglas (1995).The Films of Steven Spielberg. Citadel. pp. 174, 176187.ISBN 0-8065-1540-6.
40. Brode, Douglas (1995).The Films of Steven Spielberg. Citadel. pp. 14143. ISBN 0-8065-1540-6.
41. Fickett, Travis (2008-05-22). "Indiana Jones and the Small Screen"(http://uk.tv.ign.com/articles/875/875720p3.html).
IGN. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
42. "News, Etc". Empire. March 2008. p. 17.
43. "Based on a 1885 novel by Henry Rider Haggard, exploits of Allan Quartermain have long served as a template for
the Indiana Jones character. King Solomon's Mines (1950), Quartermain finds himself unwillingly thrust into a
worldwide search for the legendary mines of King Solomon. The look and feel of Indiana and his past adventures are
quite apparent. Both Quartermain and Jones are confronted by angry villagers and a myriad of dangerous booby
traps. Look to King Solomon's Mines for a good idea on the feel and tone Lucas and Spielberg are after with their
latest Indiana Jones outing"(https://web.archive.org/web/20081205015223/http://www.superheroflix.com/news/NE0a
b607ewPH26). Superheroflix.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-14.
44. "Making Raiders of the Lost Ark" (https://web.archive.org/web/20031207015023/http://www
.indianajones.com/raider
s/bts/news/news20030923.html). IndianaJones.com. 2003-09-23. Archived fromthe original (http://www.indianajone
s.com/raiders/bts/news/news20030923.html)on 2003-12-07.
45. Nashawaty, Chris (14 March 2008). "National Treasure". Entertainment Weekly.
46. "This Month in History: Dr. Hamlett & Zoological Treasure Hunting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131204202749/htt
ps://www.lsuhsc.edu/no/library/news/?p=7211). LSUHeathNewOrleans. New Orleans LA. Archived fromthe original
(https://www.lsuhsc.edu/no/library/news/?p=7211) on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
47. "Uncle Scrooge McDuck: His Life and Times" Celestial Arts Press, Millbrae, Califormia, p.23, 1981. "These four
panels, from pages one and two of CHRISTMAS ON BEAR MOUNT AIN (1948), are the very first appearance of
Scrooge McDuck. His Dickensian and Scottish origins are apparent in his demeanor and costume. Scrooge
gradually evolved into a less stereotypical and more complex character
."
48. George Lucas in An Appreciation in "Uncle Scrooge McDuck: His Life andimes"T Celestial Arts Press, Millbrae,
Califormia, 1981. Some of the very first comics I obtained were written by Carl Barks. I had a subscription to "W
alt
Disney's Comics and Stories" and liked the Scrooge character so much that I immediately went out and bought all
the Uncle Scrooge comics I could find on the newsstand... The stories are...cinematic."
49. "Uncle Scrooge McDuck: His Life and Times" Celestial Arts Press, Millbrae, Califormia, 1981.
50. http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/12/13/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-133/
51. Stefano Priarone in Walt Disney's Uncle $crooge: The Seven Cities of Gold, Fantagraphics Books, 2014. Uncle
Scrooge takes Donald and the nephews on a perilous trek in search of the fabled seven cities of gold! This is the
Scrooge story famous for providing Steven Spielberg and George Lucas with inspiration for parts of Raiders of the
Lost Ark.
52. http://www.dialbforblog.com/archives/429/ducktales2.html
53. http://www.tor.com/2015/08/12/five-books-with-forgotten-cities/The 19th-century lost world/race tropes of Haggard
and Conan Doyle [inspired] many of the adventures of Carl Barks Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge [that] involved
such lost races or lost cities (e.g. Tralla La, a take-off on Shangri-La; Plain Awful, a city/race Lost in the Andes
where all people and objects are blocky and round things are taboo; Forbiddenalley, V a Conan Doyle-style
dinosaur valley in South America).
54. "53 Fascinating Facts About "Indiana Jones" Y
ou Probably Never Knew"(https://www.buzzfeed.com/keelyflaherty/wh
y-did-it-have-to-be-snakes#.jnN6e4WlA)Retrieved 10 August 2015
55. The making of Star Wars - around minute 20(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSuDjjlIPak)
56. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097576/quotes
57. Bond Inspiration For Indiana Jones(http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2006/08/28/indiana_jones_was_supp
osed_to_be_like_ja) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080422075521/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.p
hp/2006/08/28/indiana_jones_was_supposed_to_be_like_ja)April 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine..
Starpulse.com (2006-08-28). Retrieved on 2012-01-14.
58. Fleurier, Nicolas (2006). James Bond & Indiana Jones. Action figures. Histoire & Collections.ISBN 2-35250-005-2.
59. HARRISON FORD BIOGRAPHY - The Biography Channel.co.uk(http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographie
s/harrison-ford.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085617/http://www
.thebiographychannel.co.uk/
biographies/harrison-ford.html)2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine.
60. Mike French; Gilles Verschuere (2005-09-14). "Debora Nadoolman interview"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140327
132541/http://www.theraider.net/features/interviews/deborah_nadoolman.php) . TheRaider.net. Archived from the
original (http://www.theraider.net/features/interviews/deborah_nadoolman.php)on 2014-03-27. Retrieved
2008-04-07.
61. Preston, Douglas J. (1993).Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion Into the American Museum of Natural History . St.
Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-10456-1., pp. 9798 (https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0312104561&id=CaBxis
xbAfwC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&sig=v0aO-D_rCrUl-IRZHI0RoexkydQ), "Andrews is allegedly the real person that the
movie character of Indiana Jones was patterned after... crack shot, fighter of Mongolian brigands, the man who
created the metaphor of 'Outer Mongolia' as denoting any exceedingly remote place."
62. "Mathematical mystery of ancient Babylonian clay tablet solved" (https://phys.org/news/2017-08-mathematical-myste
ry-ancient-babylonian-clay.html). Phys.org. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
63. "Raiders of the Lost Ark(1981)" (http://www.filmsite.org/raid.html). Filmsite.org. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
64. Gene Sloan (2005-09-22)."The trail less trampled on"(https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-09-22-per
u_x.htm). USA Today. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
65. "Lost City of the Incas"(http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/LostCity.htm). United States Senate.
Retrieved 2007-12-11.
66. Schranz, Molly (2003-12-21)."Obituary: Robert and Linda Braidwood"(https://web.archive.org/web/2004122202004
2/http://maroon.uchicago.edu/news/articles/2003/01/21/obituary_robert_and_.php) . Chicago Maroon. Archived from
the original (http://maroon.uchicago.edu/news/articles/2003/01/21/obituary_robert_and_.php)on 2004-12-22.
Retrieved 2006-09-21. "Some say he was the real life inspiration for Indiana Jones.
"
67. "Oriental Institute Tour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081201171523/http://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/archiv
ed/tour/oriental.html). The University of Chicago. Archived fromthe original (https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/
archived/tour/oriental.html)on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2009-07-11. "Some sources say that Breasted was the
inspiration for Indiana Jones; others say it was Robert Braidwood."
68. Eplett, Layla (March 27, 2014)."The Hunger Game Meat: How Hippos Nearly Invaded American Cuisine"(http://blog
s.scientificamerican.com/food-matters/2014/03/27/the-hunger-game-meat-how-hippos-nearly-invaded-american-cuis
ine/). Scientific American. ISSN 0036-8733 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733).
69. Hough, Harold (January 2010)."The Arizona Miner and Indiana Jones"(https://web.archive.org/web/2013052611462
6/http://www.minersnews.com/Dec09Jan10/AZMiner.html). Miner News. Archived from the original (http://www.miner
snews.com/Dec09Jan10/AZMiner.html) on May 26, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
70. "Retired Professor Walter A. Fairservis Jr. Dies" (http://newspaperarchives.vassar.edu/cgi-bin/vassar?a=d&d=miscell
any19940909-01.2.6). The Miscellany News. September 9, 1994.
71. "The Real Indiana Jones or a conversation with a Palentologist"(http://www.polityka.pl/nauka/natura/1512608,1,praw
dziwy-indiana-jones-czyli-rozmowa-z-paleontologiem.read). Politika (Poland). Retrieved 2012-12-12.
72. French, Mike. "Lawrence of Arabia" (http://www.theraider.net/information/influences/lawrence_of_arabia.php)
.
TheRaider.net. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
73. "Keeper of the Past" (http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/fall1999/quinn.htm). 1999-09-21.
Retrieved 2009-03-06.
74. "Nazi treasure, giant scorpions... and a crystal skull: The adventures of the REAL Indiana Jones" (http://www.dailyma
il.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=562487&in_page_id=1770) . Daily Mail. London. 2008-04-
28. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
75. Preston, John (2008-05-22)."The original Indiana Jones: Otto Rahn and the temple of doom"(http://www.telegraph.c
o.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/05/22/sv_rahn125.xml). The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
76. "The Monuments Men: Langdon Warner" (http://www.monumentsmenfoundation.org/bio.php?id=312). 2011.
Retrieved 2013-02-12.
77. Times, Joel Brinkley, Special To The New York (1989-02-16). "Balsam Oil of Israelite Kings Found in Cave Near
Dead Sea" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/16/world/balsam-oil-of-israelite-kings-found-in-cave-near-dead-sea.ht
ml). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 2016-03-09.
78. Jones, Vendyl (2005-03-01). A Door of Hope: My Search for the Treasures of the Copper Scroll (https://www.amazo
n.com/Door-Hope-Search-Treasures-Copper/dp/0971938857). Lightcatcher Books. ISBN 9780971938854.
79. "Hat and Jacket featurette"(http://www.indianajones.com/site/?deeplink=videos/1/v28). Official site. 2008-02-08.
Retrieved 2008-02-08.
80. "The Indiana Jones Fedora"(http://www.indygear.com/igfedora.html). Indy Gear. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
81. "Adventurebilt and Indiana Jones"(http://www.adventurebilthats.com/indy.asp). Adventurebilt Hat Company.
Retrieved 2013-01-05.
82. "The Indiana Jones Jacket: The Last Crusade"(http://www.indygear.com/igjacket-LC.html). Indy Gear: The Indiana
Jones Equipment Resource. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
83. "Indiana Jones Guns" (http://www.indygear.com/igguns.html). IndyGear.com. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
84. "Indiana Jones Boots" (http://www.indygear.com/igboots.html). IndyGear.com. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
85. "Shrine to the Famous: Indiana Jones's hat and jacket, 1980s"(http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cf
m?ID=125). Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
86. "IndyGear.com" (http://www.indygear.com/). Retrieved 2007-12-11.
87. Borland, Sophie (2008-01-21)."Lightsabre wins the battle of movie weapons"(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/mai
n.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/01/21/nweapon121.xml) . London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
88. Peed, Mike (June 9, 2008)."Digging: Archaeologists and "Indiana Jones"" (http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/20
08/06/09/digging). The New Yorker.
89. "Harrison Ford Elected to AIA Board"(https://web.archive.org/web/20090918170014/http://www .archaeological.org/w
ebinfo.php?page=10477)(Press release). Archaeological Institute of America. 2008-06-09. Archived fromthe
original (http://www.archaeological.org/webinfo.php?page=10477) on 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
90. McGeough, Kevin (2006). "Heroes, Mummies, and rTeasure: Near Eastern Archaeology in Movies".Near Eastern
Archaeology.
91. Strong, Meghan (2007). "The Indiana Jones Ef
fect". Lycoming College Archaeology Department.
92. Pyburn, Anne (2008). "Public Archaeology
, Indiana Jones, and Honesty".Archaeologies: Journal of the World
Archaeological Congress.
93. Toby Gard, Jeremy Heath Smith, Ian Livingston (interviews);Keeley Hawes (narrator) (2007). Ten Years of Tomb
Raider: A GameTap Retrospective. Eidos Interactive / GameTap.
94. As quoted in Gary Steinman, "Prince of Persia: Anatomy of a Prince,"PlayStation: The Official Magazine13
(December 2008): 50.
95. Nelson, Randy (November 2007). "Off The Chart Uncharted: Drake's Fortune".PlayStation Magazine. Future plc
(129): 2633.
96. Begin (2015), p. 190
97. Begin (2015), p. 188
98. Nguyen, Hanh (December 6, 2013)."Exclusive Video: My Little Pony Pays Tribute to Harry Potter Author J.K.
Rowling" (http://www.tvguide.com/News/My-Little-Pony-Video-Harry-Potter-JK-Rowling-1074301.aspx). TV Guide.
Retrieved December 7, 2013.
99. Begin (2015), p. 103

External links
IndianaJones.com the official Indiana Jones site
Indiana Jones on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Jones&oldid=809873469
"

This page was last edited on 12 November 2017, at 00:41.

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.