' Aug. 7 23, 1938. V. B.

STROMQUIST ET AL ~ 2,127,655
PLANETARY TRANSMI S ION
Filed April 19, 1955

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 Patented Aug-23,1938 $327,655

_ UNITED STATES PATENT orrlce

2,122,655
PLANETARY TRANSMISSION
Vidmar B. Stromquist, Farmington', and William
T. Dunn, Detroit, Micln, assignors to Chrysler
Corporation, Highlan(1 Park, Mich, a corpora
tion of Delaware
Application April 19, 1935, Serial No. 17,158
14 Claims. (Cl. 74-268)
This invention relates to power transmissions mount the axles 22. Certain of the axles 22, be
and refers more particularly to. speed ratio tween adjacent gears 23, may serve merely as
changing devices adapted for use in motor ve spacers for the carriers 2i and 25, as illustrated
hicle drives. _ at the bottom portion of the carriers. Bushings
Our invention has among its objects the provi or washers 2'! are located at opposite sides of
sion of an improved power transmission of the each gear 23. '
planetary gear type; a transmission having a The gears 23 mesh with the primary driving
plurality of speed ratio drives including low, sec sun gear 28, preferably formed as a part of shaft
ond, third or direct, and reverse, and which em 65, and also with the internal gear annulus 29
10 bodies improvements in simpli?cation of parts, carried by the low speed drum 3!] which is adapt
durability and low manufacturing'cost. _ ed for engagement by a brake 3i. This brake
Further objects of our invention are to provide 3i is adapted to hold drum 30 against rotation
an improved planetary gear transmission com in a backward direction opposite to the forward
prising a single driving sun gear for effecting the direction of rotation of shaft i5 and thereby pro
15 v.speed ratio drives; a planetary transmission vide the necessary reaction for obtaining the low 15
which offers better opportunity for providing the speed drive as will be presently more apparent.
' desired-speed ratio values with relatively smaller The carrier 25 has a forward cylindrical ?ange
gear sizes and over-all transmission size than has 52 formed with internal gear 33 meshing with
heretofore been obtained; a transmission provid planetary gears 34 of the second speed train. The
20 ing a relatively faster second speed ratio'for' a axles 22K mounting gears 34 are mounted be
given size of gears and a reduction in pinion tween a rear carrier 35 and a forward carrier 38,
speeds, especially when idling. the latter having a cylindrical ?ange 31 closely
-Further objects and advantages of our inven surrounding ?ange 32 and forming an extension
tion will be more apparent from the following de of drum .30. -
25 tail description of one illustrative embodiment Gears 34 also engage the second speed sun gear
thereof, reference being had to the accompany 38 fixed to the hub 39 of the radial ?ange 4na
, ing drawing in which the single ?gure repre which in turn has-secured thereto the second
sents a sectional elevational view longitudinally speed drum 40 closely surrounding ?ange 37.
through our transmission. The drum 40 is adapted for engagement by a
30 In the drawing, reference character i0 indi second speed brake 4i. The brake 4! is adapted
cates the main casing for housing the working to prevent backward rotation of drum 40 and
parts, the casing front and rear wall structures sun'gear 38 to provide the reaction for the sec-
ii and I2 respectively providing-the anti-friction ond speed drive.
bearings I3, M for journalling the driving and _ The drum 40' has a forward extension 42 pro
35 driven shafts i5, i6 respectively. viding the direct speed drum preferably in the
The driving shaft l5 has a forward end i! jour form of a friction cone 43 adapted for engage
nalled by a bushing, IS in the forwardly opening ment by the companion cone 44 which is slidable
bore ill of the driven shaft IS, the forward end on shaft I! through the hub 46. The hub 46 may
20 of the driven shaft thus piloting the'rear end , be 'moved axially of shaft i5 by any suitable
40 of the driving shaft. For convenience of refer manually actuated shifting device (not shown)
ence, the drivingshaft i5 may be referred to as connected to the ring shown as surrounding the
having forward rotation, viz., clockwise when thrust bearing 45. The cone 44 is drivingly con
viewed from the front of the transmission. The nected to shaft l5 by reason of the hub 41 keyed
shaft end 20 terminates forwardly in the radially at 48 to said shaft and having outer teeth 49
45 ?anged carrier 2i for the axles 22 of the ?rst or drivingly and slidably engaging internal teeth 50 _
low speed planetary gears? 23. According to gen carried by cone 44. '
erally customary practice, each planetary gear For obtaining a reverse drive, the shaft I6 has
train includes a plurality of spaced planetary a toothed engagement at 5| with a sleeve 52
gears preferably three in number, one of the mounted on the shaft end 20, this sleeve journal
50 gears 23 of the low speed train being shown in ling the sun gear 53 having the forward radial
the drawing. 1 - . - ?ange 54 drivingly connected to drum 30, as by
The axle 22 preferably journals its gear 23 by the toothed connection 55. The sleeve 52 has a
the antifriction rollers 24, the companion car rear radial ?ange 56 providing a carrier for the
rier 25-being secured to carrier 2| at circumfer hubs 22b of the planetary gears 51, the forward
55 entially spaced intervals by the'rivets 26 which carrier comprising a ring 55. 55
 2 2,127,655
The gears Bl mesh with sun gear 53 and also a second speed carrier for said second speed
with internal gear 58 of the reverse drum 80 planetary gears directly drivingly connected to
adapted for engagement by brake 6i. Drum 80 said low speed annulus, and braking means
has a rear ?ange 82 extending inwardly to its adapted to arrest rotation of said second speed
.hub 63 journalled between shaft l8 and bearing sun gear with said low speed annulus released
88 carried by casing ?ange 65. The usual speed from its said braking means for causing said
ometer drive gears are illustrated at 5B and shaft primary sun gear to drive said driven shaft in _
it may, if desired, carry a brake drum 61. second speed. ' v
It will be noted that the parts are closely nested '_ 2. In a planetary gear transmission, a driving
10 together against displacement especially axially. shaft, a driven shaft coaxially arranged with re 10
Any well known means may be provided for se spect to said driving shaft, a primary sun gear
lectively operating brakes 3|, 4|, 6! and cone - carried by said driving shaft, low speed planetary
lid for controlling the drive, such means not be_ gears driven by said primary sun gear, a low
ing illustrated as it is well known. Normally, as ' ., speed annulus driven by said low speed planetary
16 illustrated, the brakes have clearance with their gears, a low speed carrier for said low speed plane 15
associated drums. For obtaining a drive in low tary gears directly drivingly connected with said
gear, brake 3| is actuated to arrest rotation of driven shaft for rotation at the same speed there
drum 30, all other brakes being free together with, braking means adapted to arrest rotation
with cone 66. Similarly, for second speed, brake of said low speed annulus for causing said pri
20 5| grips drum 80; for direct speed, cone M is mary sun gear to drive said driven shaft at low 20
moved to engage drum M; for reverse, brake Bl speed, a second speed sun gear coaxial with said
grips drum 60. Only one of the brakes or cone driving shaft and rotatable independently there
M is actuated at a time into gripping engage of, a second speed annulus directly drivingly con
ment with its associated drum, all other parts nected to said low speed carrier, second speed
25 of the mechanism running freely. planetary gears drivingly engaged with said sec
When brake 3! is actuated for low gear drive, ond speedv sun, gear and second speed annulus,
such drive is obtained by sun gear 28 operating a second speed carrier for said second speed
planet gears v23 about their axes, the internal planetary gears directly drivingly connected to.
gear 29 being ?xed and carrier 2| revolving in said low speed annulus, braking means adapted
30 the direction of drive shaft l5 but at much slower to arrest rotation of said second speed sun gear 80
speed. - .
with said low speed annulus released from its
When second speed is desired, brake 4| acts said braking means for causing said primary sun
to hold drum 40 and sun 38 ?xed, the driving gear to drive said driven shaft in second speed,
sun gear 28 acting on planetary gears 23 to and direct drive clutching means for directly
35 drive shaft It by reason of the interconnection drivingly connecting said driving shaft with said
provided between carrier 36 and internal gear second speed sun gear, with said low speed
29 and between carrier 25 and internal gear 33, annulus and said second speed sun gear released
the drum 30 being freely rotatable. from their respective braking means aforesaid,
When cone 48 engages the cone 42 to obtain for causing said driving shaft to directly drive
40 direct drive, the sun gears 28 and 38 are both said driven shaft. , 40
driven at the speed of shaft l5 causing the ?rst 3. In a planetary gear transmission, a driving
and second speed gear trains to rotate as a unit shaft, a driven shaft coaxially arranged with re
with shaft IS. The driven shaft I6 is thus directly spect to. said driving shaft, a primary sun gear
connected to shaft l5 through the carrier 2 I. carried by said driving shaft, low speed planetary
45 For-reversing the drive, brake 6| engages drum gears driven by said primary sun gear, a low 45
60, the sun gear 28 transmitting the drive through speed annulus driven by said low speed planetary
the reverse gear train, it being noted that planet gears, a low speed carrier for said low speed
gear carrier 56 is ?xed to the driven shaft l6 planetary gears directly drivingly'connected with
while the freely rotatable drum 30 is connected said driven shaft for rotation at the same speed
50 to sun gear 53. The internal gear 58 being held, , therewith, braking means adapted to arrest ro 50
produces the reverse speed ratio drive between tation of said low speed annulus for causing said
the shafts. - 4 '. primary'sun gear to drive said driven shaft at
It will be understood that such terms as "low, low speed, a second speed sun gear coaxial with
second, third or high" as applied to the speed said driving shaft and rotatable independently
ratios are used in a relative sense in order to thereof, a second speed annulus directly drivingly 65
indicate progressions in speed ratio values. connected to said low speed carrier, second speed
We claim: . planetary gears drivingly engaged with said sec
1. In a planetary gear transmission, a driving ond speed sun gear and second speed annulus,
shaft, a driven shaft coaxially arranged with re a second speed carrier for said second speed plane
60 spect to said driving shaft,la primary sun gear tary gears directly drivingly connected to said 60
carried by said driving shaft, low speed planetary low speed annulus, and braking means adapted
gears driven by said primary sun gear, a low to arrest rotation of said second speed sun gear
speed annulus driven by said low speed planetary with said low speed annulus released from its
gears, a low speed carrier for said low speed said braking means for causing said primary sun
planetary gears directly drivingly connected with gear to drive said driven shaft in second speed,
said driven'shaftfor rotation at the same speed a reverse speed sun gear coaxial with said driven
therewith, braking means adapted to arrest rota shaft and rotatable independently thereof, a re
tion of said low speed annulus for causing said verse speed annulus, reverse speed planetary
primary sun gear to drive said driven shaft at low gears drivingly engaged with said reverse speed
70 speed, a second speed sun gear coaxial with said sun gear and reverse speed annulus, means di
driving shaft and rotatable independently there rectly drivingly connecting said low speed annulus v0.
of, a second speed annulus directly drivingly con with said reverse speed sun gear, a reverse speed
nected to said low speed carrier, second speed carrier for said reverse speed planetary gears
planetary gears drivingly engaged with said sec-" directly drivingly connected to said driven shaft,
75 ond speed sun gear and second speed annulus, and braking means adapted to arrest rotation of 75
 9,187,855 3
said reverse speed annulus, with said low speed - nulus released from its said braking means, for
annulus and said second speed sun gear released causing said primary sun gear to drive said driven -
from their respective braking'means aforesaid, shaft in reverse, and an additional planetary gear
for causing said primary, sun gear to drive said set operably connected to said low speed planetary
driven shaft in reverse. - gear set,.control means for said additional gear .
4. In a planetary gear transmission, a driving set, said additional gear set being so constructed
shaft, a driven shaft coaxially arranged with re and arranged as to drive said driven shaft for
spect to said driving shaft, a primary sun gear wardly from the primary sun gear of said low
carried by said driving shaft, low speed planetary speed gear set by compounding said low speed
10 gears driven by said primary sun gear, a low speed gear ~set with said additional gear set. 10
ann'ulus driven by said low speed planetary gears, 6. In a planetary gear transmission, a driving
a lowspeed carrier for said low speed, planetary shaft, a driven shaft, a plurality of forwardly
gears directly drivingly connected with said driving planetary gear trains for drivingly ,con-
driven shaft for rotation at the same speed there necting said shafts, a single driving sun gear car
15 with, braking means adapted to arrest rotation ried by said driving shaft for selectively trans 15
of said low speed annulus for causing said pri mitting a plurality of forward drives-to said driven
mary sun gear to drive said driven shaft at low shaft through said gear trains, means for directly
speed,-a second speed sun gear coaxial with said drivingly connecting said shafts including a driv
driving-shaft and rotatable independently there ing clutch member, a hub connected to said driv
20 of, a second speed annulus directly drivingly con- . ing shaft and having a sliding driving connection 20
nected to said low speed carrier, second speedv } with said driving clutch member, means including
planetary gears drivingly engaged with said sec a thrust member slidable on said driving shaft '
ond speed sun gear and-second speed annulus, a independently of said hub for moving said driving
second speed carrier for saidsecond speedplane clutch member, and a driven clutch member en
25 tary gears directly drivingly connected to said low gageable with said driving clutch member, said 25
speed annulus, braking means adapted to arrest driven clutch member being drivingly connected
rotation of said second speed sun gear with said to one of said planetary gear trains.
low speed annulus released from its said braking 7. In a planetary transmission having a driving
means for causing said primary sun gear'to drive shaft, a plurality of groupslof forwardly driving
30 said driven shaft in second speed, and direct drive planetary gear sets operatively associated with 30
clutching means for directly drivingly connecting said driving shaft, a driven shaft in operable con
said driving shaft with said second speed sun gear,_ nection with the ?rst group of gears, means for
with said low speed annulus andsaid second speed driving said drivenshaft at one forward reduction
sun gear released from their respective braking speed from the sun gear of the ?rst group of gears
35 means aforesaid. for causing said driving shaft to by locking the annulus of the ?rst gear group, 35
directly drive said driven shaft, areverse speed means whereby another forward reduction drive
sun gear coaxial with said driven shaft and rotat resulting from the compounding of the ?rst and
able independently thereof, a reverse speed an second gear groups is obtained by locking the
nulus, reverse speed planetary gears drivingly en sun of the second groupof gears, the planet gear
40 gaged with said reverse speed sun gear and re carrier of said ?rst gear group being directly 40
verse speed- annulus, means directly drivingly drivingly connected with said driven shaft, and a
connecting said low speed annulus with said re: reverse planetary-gear set mounted on said driven
- verse speed vsun gear, a reverse speed carrier for shaft and having the planet gear carrier thereof
said reverse speed planetary gears directly driv-\ ?xed with said driven shaft and the sun thereof
45 ingly connected to said driven shaft, and braking ?xed with the annulus of the ?rst gear group.
means adapted to arrest rotation of said reverse 8. In a planetary transmission having a driving
speed annulus, with said lowspeed annulus, 'sec shaft, a plurality of groups of forwardly driving
ond speed sun gear and direct speed braking and planetary gear sets operatively associated with
clutching means respectively released, for caus said driving shaft, a driven shaft in operable con
50 ing said primary sun gear to drive said driven nection with the ?rst group of gears. means for 50
shaft in reverse. ' driving said driven shaft at one forward reduc
5. In a planetary gear transmission,.a driving - tion' speed from the sun gear of the ?rst group
shaft, a driven shaft coaxlally arranged with re of gears by locking the annulus of the ?rst gear
spect to said driving shaft, a low speed planetary group, means whereby another forward reduc-.
55 gear set comprising a primary sun gear car tion drive resulting from the compounding of the 55
_ried by said driving shaft, low speed planetary ?rst and second gear groups is obtained by lock
gears driven by said primary sun gear, a low ing the sun of the second group of gears, the
speed annulus driven by said low speed'planeta'ry planet gear carrier of said ?rst gear group being
gears, a low speed carrier for said low speed directly drivingly connected with said driven
60 planetary gears directly drivingly connected with
said driven shaft for rotation at the same speed
shaft, and means for locking the sun gear of said
second gear group with said driving shaft to pro
a
therewith; braking means adapted to arrest rota vide a directdrive between said shafts.
tion of said low speed annulus for causing said _ 9. In a planetary transmission having driving
primary sun gear to drive said driven shaft at low and driven shafts, a plurality of planetary gear
65 speed, a reverse speed sun gear coaxial with said trains adapted to selectively transmit low and 65
driven shaft and rotatable independently thereof, 7 intermediate forward speed reduction drives from
a reverse speed annulus, reverse speed planetary the drive shaft to the driven shaft, a. reversing
gears drivingly engaged with said reverse speed planetary gear train adapted to connect said
sunv gear and reverse speed annulus, means direct shafts fora reverse drive from the drive shaft to
70 ly drivingly connectingsaid low speed annulus the driven shaft, said low speed gear train in 70
with said reverse speed sun gear, a reverse speed cluding a sun gear driven from the drive shaft
carrier for said reverse speed planetary gears and a planet pinion carrierconnected to the
directly drivingly connected to said driven shaft, driven shaft and furtherfincludingan annulus
braking means adapted to arrest rotation of said gear, said reversing gear train includinga sun
75 reverse speed annulus, with said low speed an gear connected to rotate with' said annulus gear
 4 2,197,655
and a planet pinion carrier connected to said tion gearing for driving the driven shaft from
driven shaft, said intermediate speed gear train Y the driving shaft in a forward direction of rota
including a planet pinion carrier also connected
to rotate with said annulus gear and a sun gear
disposed for rotation relative to said drive shaft.
10. In a planetary gear transmission, driving
and driven coaxially arranged shafts, a plurality
of planetary gear trains adapted to selectively
transmit forward reduction drives between said
10 shafts, a reversing planetary gear train interme
diate said shafts, a single sun gear directly driv
ingly connected to said driving shaft and oper
ably'connected with each of said gear trains, a
planet pinion meshing with said sun gear, and a
15. carrier for saidv pinion directly drivingly con
nected with said driven shaft during said forward
and reverse drives, said reversing gear train hav
ing an element thereof connected to said driven
shaft. 7 a sun gear member, a planet gear member mesh
20 11. In a planetary gear transmission, driving
and driven coaxially arranged shafts, a plurality
of planetary gear trains adapted to selectively
transmit forward reduction drives between said
shafts, a reversing planetary gear train interme
diate said shafts, a single sun gear directly driv
ingly connected to said driving shaft and oper
ably connected with each of said gear trains, a
plurality of coaxial control drums for said gear
trains, said drums having substantially equal di
ameters and being arranged to house said gear
trains, a planet pinion meshing with said sun
gear, and a carrier for said pinion directly driv
ingly connected with said driven shaft during
said forward and reverse drives, said reversing
gear train having an element thereof connected
to said driven shaft.
12. In a planetary transmission having a driv
ing shaft, a plurality of groups of forwardly
driving planetary gear sets operably associated
4G with said driving shaft, a driven shaft in oper
able connection with the ?rst group of gears,
means for driving said driven shaft at one for
ward reduction speed from the sun gear of the
?rst group of gears by locking the annulus of the
?rst gear group, means whereby another forward
reduction drive resulting from the compounding
of the ?rst and second gear groups is obtained by
locking-the sun of the second group of gears, the
planet gear carrier of said ?rst gear group being
directly drivingly connected with said driven
shaft, and a reverse drive planetary gear set in
cluding a sun gear element and a planet pinion
element meshed therewith, said reverse gear set
also including a carrier element for said planet
pinion element, one of said elements of said re
verse gear set having continuous vdrive connection
with said driven shaft during said forward and
reverse drives.
13. In a planetary gear transmission; a for
wardly rotatable driving shaft; a driven shaft
coaxial with the driving shaft; planetary reduc
tion and at a slower speed, comprising, a sun
gear element driven directly from the driving
shaft, a planet gear element meshing with said 5
sun gear element, a carrier element for said
planet gear element directly drivingly connected
with the driven shaft, an annulus gear element
meshing with said planet gear element, means
operable to prevent backward rotation of said an 10
nulus gear element thereby to effect said drive
through said planetary reduction gearing; addi- '
tional planetary reduction gearing for driving
the driven shaft from the driving shaft in .a for
' ward direction of rotation by compounding with 15
the ?rst said planetary reduction gearing to ef
fect a drive faster than that aforesaid, said ad
ditional planetary reduction gearing comprising,
ing with said sun gear member, a carrier mem 20
ber for said planet gear member directly driving
ly connected with said annulus gear element, an
annulus gear member meshing with said planet
gear member and directly drivingly connected
with said carrier element, and means operable to 25
prevent backward rotation of said sun gear mem
ber thereby to effect said faster drive.
14. In a planetary gear transmission; a for
wardly rotatable driving shaft; a driven shaft co
axial with the driving shaft; planetary reduction 30
gearing for driving the driven shaft from the
driving shaft in a forward direction of rotation
and at a slower speed, comprising, a sun gear
element driven directly from, the driving shaft, 2.
carrier element directly drivingly connected with 35
the driven shaft, a planet gear element carried,
by said carrier element and meshing with said
sun gear element, an annulus gear element mesh
ing with said planet gear element, means oper
able to prevent backward rotation of said annu 40
lus gear element thereby to. effect said drive
through said planetary reduction gearing; addi
tional planetary vreduction gearing for driving the
driven shaft from the driving shaft in a forward
direction of rotation by compounding with the 45
?rst said planetary reduction gearing to effect a
drive faster than that aforesaid, said additional
planetary reduction gearing comprising, a sun
gear member, a planet gear member meshing
with said sun gear member, a carrier member for 50
said planet gear member directly drivingly con
nected with said annulus gear element, an annu
lus gear member meshing with said planet gear
member and directly drivingly connected with
one of the ?rst two said elements of the ?rst said 55
planetary reduction gearing, and means operable
to prevent backward rotation of said sun gear
member thereby to effect said faster drive.
VmMAR B. STROMQUIST. 60
WELIAM T. DUNN.