CU HI N TP MN CNCHA I

1. Hy gii thch khi nim half-value layer (HVL) v gii thch ti sao n
hu ch trong to nh X quang chn on?
Tr li:
a. Half-value layer (HVL) l b dy ca lp vt liu m khi chm tia i qua
th cng chm tia gim i mt na.
b. HVL gip tnh ton c b dy ca tm lc ph hp vi yu cu v mc
ch ca nh X quang.
2. Nu mt lp vt liu c b dy 2mm cho truyn qua 25% nng lng ca mt
chm tia X n nng, hy tnh ton HVL ca chm tia.
Tr li:
C: I = 0 . .
0.25 = .2
= 0.693
Vy ta c:
0.5 = 0.693.
=> HVL = 1mm.
3. Hy tm mi quan h gia HVL v h s suy gim tuyn tnh .
Tr li:
Khi h s suy gim tuyn tnh tng th HVL gim v ngc li.
4. Nu h s suy gim tuyn tnh c gi tr l 0,2mm, hy tnh ton HVL.
Tr li:
HVL 3.5 mm.
5. Nu HVL l 1mm, hy tnh ton b dy ca lp vt liu cn thit gim
cng chm bc x i 10%.
Tr li:
Vi HVL l 1mm th h s suy gim tuyn tnh l = 0,693
0.9 = 0.693.
d = 0,152 mm
6. Hy nu ba nhn t nh hng n kh nng m xuyn (hay cht lng)
ca mt chm tia X.
 Tr li:
3 nhn t nh hng n kh nng am xuyn ca mt chm tia X:
- kVp : khi thay i kVp th cht lng ca tia X cng thay i. C th,
khi kVp tng th kh nng m xuyn ca tia X cng tng ln.
- Thay i loi ngun chnh lu cng lm thay i cht lng ca chm
tia X
- S dng tm lc s lm tng cht lng ca chm tia X, loi b nhng
tia X c nng lng thp, c kh nng m xuyn km => lm cng
chm tia.
7. Ti sao mt chm tia X cn phi c lc?
Tr li:
Mt chm tia X bao gm nhiu thnh phn tia X c nng lng khc nhau
=> kh nng m xuyn khc nhau. Cn lc chm tia X loi b nhng tia X c
nng lng thp, kh nng m xuyn km v gi li nhng tia X c nng lng
cao, m xuyn tt s to ra nh X quang c cht lng tt hn, khng b nhiu
m, trnh cc tia X bc xa th cp.
8. Phn bit gia lc c nh v lc thm vo?
Tr li:
- Tm lc c nh: l phn ca s bng thy tinh hay kim loi ca bng
tia X thot ra. Tm lc ny l bc lc ban u quan trng trc khi
tia X i ra ngoi.
- Tm lc thm vo l cc tm lc c t thm nh l b chun trc
tip tc lc tip cc tia X c nng lng thp, lm cng chm tia v nh
dng chm tia. Tm lc thng c s dng l cc l nhm do nhm
khng lm hng ph ca tia X, khng lm nhim tia X (do c s Z
thp), tia X xuyn qua khng b tn x. i vi X quang v th thng
dng Rh v Mo ch khng dng nhm do tia X dng cho X quang v c
nng lng thp hn.
9. Hy nu cc vt liu thng c s dng lm tm lc chm tia X chn
on. Cc vt liu ny cn phi c c im g?
Tr li:
Nh trn.
10.Nu mt chm tia X chiu x vo mt c th bnh nhn, hi chm tia tn x s
chiu theo hng no sau y:
a. V pha ng tia X.
b. V pha thit b nhn nh.
c. Ra pha ngoi bnh nhn
11.Nu cc chc nng chnh ca phn ngun cung cp trong mt h thng my
X quang
Tr li:
- bin p cao th: chuyn in p li t 220V thnh 45kVp n 50kVp.
- Bin th si t loi h p: chuyn t 220V v 20V cung cp in p
cho si t hot ng.
12.Trong h thng X quang thng quy v h thng mammography, hy ch ra
khong gi tr ca cc tham s sau:
Tr li:
X quang thng quy X quang v
kVp 50 - 150 25- 35
mA 100 1000mA Ti a 200mA
Thi gian pht tia 0 n 1 s 0,5s

13.Hy gii thch chc nng ca mi thnh phn sau y trong phn pht ca
bng X quang:
Tr li:
a. Bin p
b. B chnh lu:
a in p xoay chiu tn s 50Hz v in p 1 chiu.
c. Cc t : lc gn sng
d. Ngun cung cp cho si t: nung nng si t n 2000 C pht ra in
t.
14.Hy nu mc ch ca bin p cao th trong mt my X quang
Tr li:
 Bin p cao th trong mt my X quang iu chnh in p cao th cung
cp cho my X quang. in p cao th trong my X quang xc nh mt
quang v kh nng xm nhp ca tia X.

15.Mt bin p c t s vng dy gia cun th cp v s cp bin p l 1000:1,

hy so snh cc i lng u ra sau y:
Tr li:
a. in p : U2/U1 = 1000
b. Dng in: I1/I2 = 1000
c. Cng sut : khng i
16.Hy gii thch ti sao dng xoay chiu v in p xoay chiu khng dng
cp nng lng cho mt ng tia X.
Tr li :
V ng tia X dng dng mt chiu v in p mt chiu gia tc cho in
t t katot v anot.

17.Hy la chn ngun pht tia X m cung cp nng lng hiu dng cho chm
tia X cao nht i vi cng mt mc cao p kVp v gii thch ti sao:
Tr li:
a. Mt pha, ton sng
b. in th khng i
c. Mt pha, na sng
d. Ba pha, su xung v in p cao th c 6 nh sng t chng 1 phn ln
nhau trong mt chu k dng in => in p ti anot bng X quang khng
bao gi b st xung gi tr 0V, gn sng ca in p chnh lu cao th
gim, cng sut pht x ln, dng cao th ln ti c 1000-1500 mA =>c
th gim thi gian pht tia (c ms) lm tng cht lng nh i vi nhng
i tng chuyn ng nh phi, tim
18.Hy nu cc hin tng xy ra trong ng tia X trong qu trnh to tia X.
Tr li:
- katot b nung nng n 2000 C, pht ra cc in t.
 - cc in t c gia tc n anot bi hiu in th gia katot v anot (30
150 kVP) vi ng nng ln. in t ti p vo anot lm pht ra tia X
(1%) v nhit nng (99%).
19. Hy nu cc nhn t quyt nh ng nng cc electron t c khi chng ti
p vo ant ca bng tia X.
Tr li:
- hiu in th gia anot v katot
- ngun cung cp cho si t
20. Hy nu hai chc nng ca lp v bo v bng tia X.
Tr li:
- ngn nga tia X bc x
- bo v bng tia X
- tn nhit v cch in.
21. Hy nu qu trnh hnh thnh bc x c trng v bc x bremsstrahlung thay
i theo in p t vo ng tia (kV) v s hiu nguyn t Z.
Tr li:
- khi s hiu nguyn t tm ch tng th ph bc x lin tc tng.
- khi s hiu tng th ph ri rc dch v pha bn phi hay nng lng ca ph ri
rc tng.
- s thay i kVp nh hng n cht lng ca bc x lin tc.

22. Hy nu cc nhn t quyt nh nng lng cc i ca cc photon tia X pht

ra t ant.
Tr li:
- l vt liu lm tm ch.
23. Bc x c trng c hnh thnh nh th no?
Tr li:
in t gia tc c th y mt in t trn qu o ca nguyn t tm ch ra
khi qu o ca n. Cc in t c mc nng lng cao s nhy ln chim li v tr
ny. S nhy mc nng lng to ra bc x tia X c nng lng c trng cho vt liu
ch to tm ch (bc x ri rc).
24. Gii thch ti sao cc tia X lp K pht ra t mt nguyn t c nng lng cao
hn cc tia X lp L hoc M ca cng nguyn t .
Tr li:
- nng lng tia X pht ra t lp K cao hn tia X lp L, M ca cng nguyn t l
do nng lng c trng ca tia X l chnh lch v nng lng lin kt gia hai
qu o khi in t chuyn mc.
25. Gii thch ti sao nguyn t c s Z cao to ra mt s tia X c trng vi mc
nng lng ln hn cc tia X t cc nguyn t c s Z thp hn, thm ch cc
nguyn t ny u c bn ph bi cng cc electron mang nng lng 100 keV.
Tr li:
- vt liu c Z cao th nng lng lin kt gia cc qu o vi ht nhn nguyn
t tng, s chnh lch nng lng lin kt gia 2 qu o khi in t chuyn mc tng
=> nng lng c trng ca tia X cao hn so vi vt liu c Z thp.
26. Ti sao cn phi chnh lu trong mch in cp cho bng X quang?
Tr li:
chnh lu in xoay chiu v mt chiu, dng gia tc cho in t t katot
v anot.
27. Hy nu cc l do khin ngi ta chn Vnfram lm ant trong bng X quang.
Tr li:
- Chu c nhit cao
- Hiu sut pht tia X cao
- Mc nng lng lin kt mc K l 69,5keV => to ra nh c cht
lng tt nht.

28. C my loi lc trong my X quang, chc nng ca lc l g?

Tr li:
a. lc c nh (nh cu 8)
b. lc thm vo (nh cu 8) gm c:
- lc b: lm cho nh c mu sc ng u.
- lc phng: lm cng chm tia, gim liu.
29. Trong ph tng hp ca chm tia X bao gm my loi, l nhng loi no?
Tr li:
 Ph tng hp ca tia X gm 2 loi:
- ph lin tc: to ra t bc x lin tc
- ph ri rc: to ra t bc x ri rc.
30. Hy nu cc nhn t nh hng n hnh dng ph ca chm tia X v gii thch
tng nhn t ny nh hng ti ph nh th no?
Tr li:
- kVp : khi thay i kVp th cht lng v s lng ca tia X cng
thay i. kVp thay i nh hng n s lng ca c hai loaij bc x,
nhng ch nh hng n cht lng ca loi bc x lin tc.
- Thay i loi ngun chnh lu cng lm thay i cht lng v cht
lng ca bc x lin tc v ch nh hng n s lng bc x c
trng.
- S dng tm lc s lm tng cht lng v lm gim s lng bc x
lin tc cng nh s lng bc x c trng.
- mAs v mA thay i ch nh hng n s lng ca c hai loi bc x.
- vt liu lm tm ch. Vi vonfram th nng lng ri rc l 69,5keV,
vi Mo l 20 keV,
31. Chp X quang vng bng c tin hnh ti cao p nh l 84kVp v dng
150mAs, kt qu o c liu x l 650mR. Phim thu c qu sng nn phi chp
li vi cao p 84 kVp, dng 250mAs. Hi liu x o c l bao nhiu?
32. Gii thch cc khi nim sau:
Tr li:
a. Bc x r : l bc x b r ra do khe h v bng tia X.
b. Bc x th cp: l bc x do cc tia X i lc m ta khng mong mun p vo
anot mt im khc im hi t
c. Dng ng tia X (X ray tube curent): l dng t anot n katot di tc dng ca
hiu in th gia anot v katot.
d. in tch khng gian: khi Uanot thp, lc ht in t t katot sang anot yu =>
in t c bn ra s khng i ht sang anot m 1 phn bm trn si t (m my
in t).
33. Ti sao cc ng tia X thng c sn xut vi hai tiu im (tiu im ln v
tiu im nh).
Tr li:
- Tiu im nh: cho chi tit hnh nh r rng hn, t m hn v nhn r hn. Ph
hp vi vng c th nh v mng, cn t tia X hn, nh my X quang v.
- Tiu im ln: kh nng tn nhit tt hn. c dng trong chp hnh nh ca
xng, phi
34. Hy v hnh phn bit khi nim tiu im thc v tiu im hiu dng.
Tr li:
T v hnh nh cc bn tr (^^).
35. Ti sao bc x s dng trong my chp nh nh (mammography) li khng hu
ch i vi to nh X quang thng thng.
Tr li:
V nng lng tia X cn trong nh nh th thp hn so vi to nh X quang thng
thng.
36. Lc nm l g, vai tr ca n trong chp X quang l g?
Tr li:
L tm lc hnh ci nm, lm suy gim chm tia ln hn u dy hn ca n.
Lc nm c dng tring X quang chp bn chn. Do c phn gt chn dy hn cn lng
tia X ln hn trong khi phn bn chn mng hn li cn lng tia X t hn. Lc nm gip
cn bng c lng tia X n chn cho ph hp vi tng phn.
37. Mt phim X quang chp lng ngc thu c khong cch SID l 180cm c liu
x l 12mR. Hi liu x s l bao nhiu nu tin hnh mt ca chp khc vi cng
iu kin v SID l 100cm.
Tr li:
1 2 2
Ta c: ( ) =
2 1
1 2 180 2
D2 = D1. ( ) = 12mR . ( ) = 38,88mR.
2 100