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Se as funes 1 (x, t), 2 (x, t) e 3 (x, t) so solues da Equao de Schrdinger


para um potencial V (x, t), mostre que a combinao linear (x, t) = c 1 1 (x, t) + c 2 2 (x, t) +
c 3 3 (x, t) tambm uma soluo desta equao.

Soluo

Usando a Equao de Schrdinger

h 2 2 ( x, t ) ( x, t )
+ V ( x, t ) ( x, t ) = i h
2m x 2 t

queremos mostrar que a funo dada ( x, t ) soluo da Equao de Schrdinger,


escrevendo na seguinte forma

h 2 2 ( x, t ) ( x, t )
+ V ( x, t ) ( x, t ) i h =0 (I)
2m x 2 t

substituindo a funo (x, t) na expresso acima temos

2
[
h 2 c 1 1 ( x, t ) + c 2 2 ( x, t ) + c 3 3 ( x, t )]
+ V ( x, t ) [ c 1 1 ( x, t ) + c 2 2 ( x, t ) + c 3 3 ( x, t ) ] +
2m x2

i h
[
c 1 1 ( x, t ) + c 2 2 ( x, t ) + c 3 3 ( x, t )]
=0
t

h 2 1 ( x, t ) 2 2 ( x, t ) 2 3 ( x, t )
2
c1 + c 2 + + c 3 + c 1 V ( x, t ) 1 ( x, t ) +
2m
x2 x2 x2
1 ( x, t )
+ c 2 V ( x, t ) 2 ( x, t ) + c 3 V ( x, t ) 3 ( x, t ) c 1 i h +
t
2 ( x, t ) 3 ( x, t )
c2 i h c3 i h =0
t t

h 2 2 1 ( x, t ) 1 ( x, t )
c1 + V ( x, t ) 1 ( x, t ) i h +
x 2 t

2m

h 2 2 ( x, t )
2
2 ( x, t )
+ c2 + V ( x, t ) 2 ( x, t ) i h + (II)
x 2
t

2m

h 2 3 ( x, t )
2
3 ( x, t )
+ c3 + V ( x, t ) 3 ( x, t ) i h =0
2 m x 2 t

Como o problema nos diz que as funes 1 (x, t), 2 (x, t) e 3 (x, t) so solues da
Equao de Schrdinger, isto quer dizer que

h 2 1 ( x, t ) 1 ( x, t )
2
+ V ( x, t ) 1 ( x, t ) i h =0
2m x 2 t
h 2 2 ( x, t ) 2 ( x, t )
2
+ V ( x, t ) 2 ( x, t ) i h =0
2m x 2 t

1
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h 2 3 ( x, t ) 3 ( x, t )
2
+ V ( x, t ) 3 ( x, t ) i h =0
2m x 2 t

substituindo estes valores na expresso (II), temos

c 1 .0 + c 2 .0 + c 3 .0 = 0

esta igualdade ser verificada para quaisquer valores de c 1, c 2 e c 3, isto torna expresso (I)
verdadeira, e portanto, ( x, t ) soluo da Equao de Schrdinger.

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