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20(1):30-36
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SUMMARY
A geochemical study of crude oils from the Guafita oil field, Apure state,
Venezuela, was undertaken in order to obtain information concerning the
organic matter that gave origin to them, their degree of maturity, the possible
source rock that originated them, and the alteration processes that they may
have suffered in the reservoir. The concentration of total sulfur, saturated
hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes, in these oils,
were determined. The distribution of saturated hydrocarbons was determined by
gas chromatography. The distribution of steranes and terpanes (m/z 191 and
217), and aromatic compounds (m/z 178, 192, and 198) was determined by
mass spectrometry. Results indicate that the crude oils analyzed are parafinic-
naphthenic, unaltered, and derived predominantly from marine organic matter
with a small contribution of continental organic matter. These crude oils were
generated by a mature, clastic, source rock.
RESUMEN
Introduccin
Geologa y Geoqumica
El Campo Guafita (Fig. 1) est ubicado al sureste del estado Apure, en la zona
fronteriza con Colombia. Con la perforacin de quince pozos en el campo
Guafita y cinco en el campo la Victoria, se prob la existencia de crudos
livianos en una secuencia estratigrfica entre la discordancia del Neogeno y la
discordancia en el tope del Cretceo. Para esa secuencia se introdujo el
nombre Formacin Guafita, a la cual se le asigna una edad del Oligoceno al
Mioceno Temprano (Ortega et al., 1987).
Metodologa Experimental
Tabla I Concentraciones de hidrocarburos saturados, hidrocarburos aromticos, resinas y asfaltenos para las muestras analizadas
del Campo Guafita.
Fig. 6: Fragmentogramas de relacin m/z 217 para la fraccin de hidrocarburos saturados. A = barrido y B tiempo de retencin.
Tabla II Relaciones entre los isoprenoides fitano/pristano y relaciones isoprenoides n-alcanos (pristanoln-C 17 y fitanoln-C18) para las
muestras analizadas del campo Guafita.
* P/F Pristano/Fitano
P/n-C17 = Pristano/n-C17
F/n-C18 = Fitano/n-C18
GF-1 0,59
GF-2 0,57
GF-5 0,59
GF-7 0,56
GF-10 0,62
GF-13 0,61
GF-16 0,61
GF-18 0,61
GF-23 0,63
GF-24 0,54
GF-25 0,61
Conclusiones
AGRADECIMIENTOS
REFERENCIAS
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Hunt, J., 1979. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology: W.H Freeman and
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Ortega, J., Van Erve., A. y Monroy, Z., 1987. Formacin Guafita: Nueva Unidad
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