CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Humans have various kinds of habits. Among the many human habits, there is a human
habit that is very detrimental to their health. However, this is not a good habit that is often
done by our society, namely the habit of smoking.

Smoking is not considered taboo in our society, although doing so is children who are
still in school. This is very worrying, because in cigarettes there are many toxic substances
which will affect the health of the body.

In Indonesia, every time we can find people of all ages, including students. In fact, a
variety of research and studies that have been done show that smoking is harmful to health.
Not only harm the smoker, cigarette smoke is also very dangerous when in inhaled by those
who are in the vicinity (passive smoking). In fact, most studies show that passive smokers
have higher health risks than in the prokok itself.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is the definition of a cigarette?
2. The substance of what is contained in and the most dangerous?
3. What is the impact of smoking to health and psychological?
4. What are the causes of smoking behavior in adolescents?
5. How to efforts to overcome the smoking habit in teenagers?

C. Purpose
1. To know the definition of cigarettes.
2. To determine the substances contained in cigarettes.
3. To determine the effects of smoking, and psychological health.
4. To determine the factors - factors that cause smoking behavior in adolescents.
5. To find out effort to overcome the smoking habit in adolescents.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition Cigarettes

Cigarettes are toxic substances that provide a relaxing effect and suggestions feel more
manly. Behind the usefulness or benefits of cigarettes contained a piece of a very big danger
for people who smoke and those around smokers who are not smokers. Cigarettes are objects
that are familiar to us. Smoking has become a habit very common and widespread in the
community. The dangers of smoking to health body has been researched and proven by many
people. Adverse effects caused by smoking was already known. Studies show smoking
increases the risk of various diseases such as heart disease and blood vessel disorders, lung
cancer - lung, oral cavity cancer, laryngeal cancer, cancer osefagus, bronchitis, high blood
pressure, impotence and pregnancy disorders and defects in the fetus. In fact the smoking
habit is hard to break and rarely recognized people as a bad habit. Moreover, people who
smoke to distract yourself from stress and emotional stress, are more difficult to break away
from this habit than smokers who do not have a background of depression.

B. Hazardous Substances in Cigarettes

The basic ingredients of cigarettes is tobacco. Tobacco is composed of various

chemicals that can make someone ketagiahan, even though they do not ingain try again.

Here are some of the chemicals contained in cigarettes:

- Nicotine, the content of which makes the smoker feel relaxed.

- Tar, which consists of more than 4000 chemicals of which 60 chemicals which are
carcinogenic.

- Cyanide, a chemical compound containing a cyano group.

- Benzene, also known as benzene, an organic chemical compound which is flammable and
colorless.

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- Cadmium, a metal which is highly toxic and radioactive.

- Methanol (wood alcohol), the simplest alcohol also known as methyl alcohol.

- Acetylene, an unsaturated chemical compound which is also the simplest alkyne

hydrocarbons.

- Ammonia, can be found everywhere, but is highly toxic in combination with certain
elements.

- Formaldehyde, a highly toxic liquid used to preserve corpses.

- Hydrogen cyanide, a poison used as a fumigant to kill the ants. This substance is also used
as the maker of plastics and pesticides.

- Arsenic, the material contained in rat poison.

- Carbon monoxide, toxic chemicals found in car exhaust fumes.

C. Impact of Smoking for Health and Psychological

The number of deaths and claims of smokers According to research World Health
Organization (WHO), every one hour, tobacco smoke kills 560 people worldwide. If the
calculated one year there were 4.9 million deaths in the world are caused by tobacco
smoking. When smoking, you will also enter dangerous substances that can adversely affect
the body, particularly the heart. For example, nicotine. When nicotine enters the body, a
substance that can reduce oxygen levels will go into the blood. Substances that are addictive,
this may speed up the heart rate, raises blood pressure, damage blood vessels in the heart, and
accelerate the blood clots that can trigger heart attacks. Likewise with harmful consequences
to other body organs.

Brain

Smoking can increase the risk of stroke by 50 percent. It can cause brain damage and
death. Smoking can also increase the risk of brain aneurysms. Brain aneurysm is a swelling
of the blood vessels caused by the weakening of the vessel wall. At times can rupture and
cause bleeding in the brain.

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 Mouth and throat

Bad breath and stained teeth is an effect that will arise as a result of smoking. Gum
disease and damage to the sense of taste can be raised. A serious problem that will descend
on the mouth and throat is the increased risk of cancer of the tongue, throat, lips and vocal
cords.

Lungs

One of the most harmful effects caused by smoking is lung cancer. The chemicals in
cigarettes could potentially damage cells in the lungs that can kill cancer cells. Other serious
diseases you can experience are bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema.

Stomach

Smoking can weaken the muscles that control the lower part of your esophagus. It
allows acid from the stomach moving in the wrong direction, that is, into the esophagus. The
condition is called disease of stomach acid. Some of the risk that would be faced by a smoker
is or peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.

Bone

Toxins in cigarettes can damage the bone by stopping the cells work construction.
Therefore, smokers are more at risk of brittle bones or osteoporosis. Cigarette toxins can also
disrupt the balance of hormones in charge of keeping the bones strong, like the hormone
estrogen.

Leather

Will look older smokers than non-smokers due to lack of oxygen to the skin. Premature
aging will be felt, such as the emergence of kerutandi around the eyes and mouth. Cigarette
toxins can also cause cellulite on the skin.

Reproductive organs

Smoking can disrupt the reproductive system and fertility. In men, smoking can cause
impotence, reduced sperm production and testicular cancer. While in women, smoking can
reduce fertility. In addition, the risk of cervical cancer was higher because smoking reduces
the body's natural ability to fight infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV.

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 In addition to health, smoking also adversely impact the psychological development
of adolescents. Cigarette synonymous with promiscuity teenagers are more prone to
delinquency than teens without smoking socially. Association with smoking teenagers tended
to give teens the idea that cigarettes could be the breakout will be any problems. Teens will
then smoke when in trouble in his life. In cigarettes do contain substances that could make
smokers feel better, but of course it is also addictive. Addiction to cigarettes is fairly difficult
to overcome.

Association teen smokers in the environment can also be delivered on juvenile

delinquency greater the drug use and promiscuity. Cigarette smoking is actually a drug that
could be experienced. Thus, teenagers can easily fit in the influence of drugs and addiction.
In addition, smoking also causes adolescents to be more wasteful because they have to spend
money on a regular basis to buy cigarettes. Especially if it has a negative association
teenager, might be a child trying to take possession of his parents.

Here is the impact of smoking

a. For yourself:

- Smoking more harm than good for the body

- Potential suggestions to us, that if we do not smoke mouth feel uncomfortable and sour

- curiosity, a passion for learning, and positive things that exist in us missing when we
become a smoker

b. For others:

- When we were smoking, the cigarette smoke we can interfere with other people and also
causes air pollution

- Causing a person close to us to be a passive smoker

- If you throw cigarette butts carelessly without first turning off beforehand, it can cause a
fire

- Causing depletion of the ozone layer.

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D. Factor Causes Smoking Teen

There are several factors that encourage teens to smoke, among them:

1. Just try and was hooked.

2. Accustomed to seeing family members and people around them smoke, so

consider this a normal act.

3. Invited friends. Peer pressure who have tried it and children are afraid of associating
otherwise deemed not participate smoke.

4. Feeling of inferiority, and feel more preoccupied with smoke.

5. Thinking that smoking is an activity of people who have grown up, and they want to be
considered was great. Got this view is an act of rebellion against parents.

6. Assume smoking is cool activities, as well as their idols such as celebrities and so on.

7. Affected incessant cigarette advertising that goes through the film, mass media, posters,
sponsorship activities of young people such as music concerts and so on.

8. Nobody reprimanded and reminded when he saw the child or adolescent smoking in public
places.

9. cheapening the price of cigarettes, even children and teens can mengeteng per stem.

10. Not enough to understand the impact of smoking on the health of yourself and people
around.

E. Fighting Smoking Habit

Smoking on school students can do now more and more, it is because the other student or
invite other students due to social factors. Therefore teachers stricter in controlling the
surrounding areas are often used as a place to smoke.

It is also doing more pointedly warning that violators especially smokers deterrent and not do
it again either in school or out of school.

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1. If they are addicted, then the tips that must be addressed:

Think of the fun things that will occur in the body when the period of crisis for quitting
smoking (typically 1.5 to 2 weeks)

2. Drink lots of water, eat lots of vegetables and fruits each time the desire to smoke

3. Talk or communicate with others and stay busy

4. Exercising fun and preferably regularly and measurable

5. Massage the back and neck area, then inhale deeply.

6. If the dependency, then disconnect all the connection between smoking and habits that are
often carried out with the following tips: \

a. If you want a taste of a cigarette in hand, play with other items such as pencils, pens, or
read a book

b. If there is a desire to light a cigarette, keep cigarettes out of the reach and dispose of
lighters

c. If you usually smoke after meals, immediately got up from sitting after the meal, brush
your teeth and go walking or doing activities that make us forget the cigarettes

d. If smoking is accompanied with a cup of coffee, then coffee ganilah with fruit juice etc.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSED

A. Conclusion

Cigarettes are objects that are familiar to us. Smoking has become a habit very common
and widespread in the community. If this cultured continues, it will cause serious problems
on the health of the human body. And the public should be aware of the dangers of smoking
for the health of their bodies.

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Sunarto. 2007. TIK SMA. Jakarta : Pandu Pustaka

Suryaman, Isman. 2004. Bertanya atau Mati. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Armstrong, M.(1990).Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia.Jakarta : PT.Gramedia

Danusanto, H.(1991).Rokok dan Perokok. Jakarta:Aksara

Levy ,M.R. (1984).Lyfe and health.New York:Random House

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