MOTOR STARTING CALCULATION

Motor starting case studies

A motor starting case study for any given electrical network can be performed by reduced the
network to a smaller equivalent network consisting of a source (generator / grid), the starting
motor (largest motor), other large running motor and a lumped load.

This MS Excel based spread sheet is based on this concept and present a small model of
electrical network that can be adapted for such motor starting case studies.

This is very helpful especially for quick checks as follows:

1. What is the largest motor size that can be started with a given generator rating
2. What should be the rating of the generator (or nos of generator operated in parallel) for a
given load and largest motor size
3. Knowing voltage drop during starting conditions for given motor details and hence deciding
the key parameter during design (say max allowable starting current)
4. Deciding the cable size / number of runs etc.

The spread sheet performs an iterative calculation based on pre-start load inputs and starting
motor data. Detailed analysis may be performed with the help of available softwares.

Notes:

1. Motor starting analysis are generally performed for the largest motor connected to a
switchboard.
2. For worst case results, motor starting analysis are generally performed considering the
weakest source.
3. Considering the above two facts, any given electrical network, where a starting analysis of a
motor is required, can be reduced to a simplified network consisting of a source (generator/s
or grid), the starting motor (largest motor), the running motor/s (second largest motor/s or
motor of same rating as the largest motor under study) and other loads lumped together.
4. Modeling
This spread sheet allows the user to model a given network as follows:
1. Generator/s: The details of one generator shall be entered. If there are more than
one generator of identical rating, these can be modeled simply by enter the number
of generator in parallel.
2. Grid: The details of grid shall be entered
3. Transformer/s: The details of one transformer shall be entered. If there are more
than one transformer of identical rating, these can be modeled simply by enter the
number of transformer in parallel.
4. The spread sheet considered either the Generator/s or the Grid supply for the
motor starting analysis. The source for the motor starting analysis can be selected
by the use via the drop down menu. The selection automatically simulates switching
ON or OFF the respective source breaker.
5. Starting Motor: The details of the largest motor connected to the switchboard shall
be entered.
6. Running Motor/s: The details of the second largest running motor/s (or motor of
rating same as the starting motor) connected to the switchboard shall be entered.
 This model can also be utilized by the user to check the voltage drop at the terminals
of any remote motor/s.
7. Lumped Load: The details of the remaing load on the switchboard can be modeled
as a lumped load. The % motor can be defined which shall be modeled as constant
power load while remaining % of load shall be modeled as constant impedance load
for the calculation.
8. Error in data entry of the voltage input shall be highlighted, if bus voltages are
much different from the generator terminal voltage input of transformer voltage
ratio inputs.

The excel spreadsheet has 2 sheets as follows:

Sheet title Preface with notes explaining about the calculation spread sheet and the
summary about the software and
Sheet title Motor starting calculation where actual data entry and calculations can be
performed

CABLE DESIGNING PROGRAM (SPREADSHEET)

Calculation of voltage drop and cable size

Motor / Electrical load

Calculate Voltage drop of Cable.

Calculate Size of Cable.
Calculate Current Capacity of Cable.

CALCULATE HOME ELECTRICAL LOAD & ELECTRICAL BILL

Home Electrical Bill / Energy Consumption / Load Calculator

This MS Excel spreadhseet calculates the following //

Electrical Bill of Home

Size of MCCB/MCB for Domestic Load
Electrical Load of Home.

CALCULATE BUS BAR SIZE AND VOLTAGE DROP

Busbar voltage drop calculation

Calculate Voltage Drop for Bus Bar

Select Size of Bus Bar for particular Load
 Enter Your Sub Panel Details like Load,Line Length

ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION

This MS Excel spreadsheet calculates the following //

Continuous and non-continuous electrical load of panel

Total energy consumption (KWH) in daily/monthly of panel
Size of MCB of each branch circuit of panel
Voltage / Voltage difference of each phase
Unbalanced load in neutral wire
Expected temperature rise in each phase
Load in each phase
Starting / full load / continuous / non-continuous load
Size / type / tripping setting of main MCCB

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT CALCULATION AT VARIOUS POINT

OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS (ISC)

Available Fault Current Calculation (Isc Calculation):

1) Calculate Short Circuit Current at Substation

Inputs:

Generator kW:
Type of Supply
Voltage Line-Line (V L-L)
Voltage Line-Neutral (V L-N)
Enter Generator Subtransient (Z)
Power Factor
No of Generator in Parallel
Total Generator kva:
Secondary Current ( I L-L)

Secondary Current ( I L-N)

Maximum Generator Short Circuit Current( Line-Line)
Maximum Generator Short Circuit Current( Line-Neutral)
Do You Have any Motor Contributions
Motor Contributions (Line-Line)
Motor Contributions (Line-Neutral)

Outputs:

Total Short Circuit Current:( ISC Gen)(L-L)

Total Short Circuit Current:( ISC Gen)(L-N)
2) Calculate Short Circuit Current at Distribution point
3) Calculate Short Circuit Current at Transformer
4) Calculate Short Circuit Current at Main Panel
5) Calculate Short Circuit Current at Sub Distribution Board

SELECTION OF MCCB, ELCB FOR MAIN-BRANCH CIRCUIT (MS

EXCEL SPREADSHEET)
Selection of main and branch circuit breakers //

Spreadsheet calculates the following:

Size and type of main MCCB, RCCB and ELCB for continious and non-continious load
Sensitivity of MCCB, RCCB and ELCB
Size of cable
Size and type of sub-circuit MCCB and MCB for continious and non-continious load
Calculate total load
Calculate main and branch circuit current.

SELECTION OF FUSE AND SETTING OF INSTANT SHORT CIRCUIT

TRIPPING OF CB

Instant Short Circuit Tripping Setting of Circuit Breaker

Input fields:

Phase: Voltage(L-L)
Phase: Voltage(L-N)
Instantaneous Short-Circuit Triping Set
Accuracy
Cable Size
Cable Material
Actual Length of Cable

Selection of Circuit Fuse

 Circuit Wire Size
OUTPUT: Circuit Fuse Size(Max)

SIZE OF CAPACITOR FOR POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENTS

Size of capacitor

Calculate Size of Capacitor for Power Factor Improvements

Calculate Annual Saving by selection of Capacitor
Calculate Active and Reactive Power

Input fields:

Supply System
Supply Voltage
Supply Frequency
Input Power
Efficiency
Amp
Old Power Factor (Cos1)
Desire Power Factor(Cos2)
Capacitor Connected in
Daily Working Hours
Tarrif Charge/Kva
Tarrif Charge/Kw
Capacitor Cost/Kva
Annual Intrest & Depriciation/Capacitor

E-FEEDER AND CABLE CALCULATOR

Directions

Items in red color must be provided. Items in blue color are calculated. The top half of the
calculator is for line voltage conductors while the bottom half is for low voltage and fiber
optic cables. If you are doing line voltage, enter the total number of conductors of this size
and insulation starting in cell B4.

In cell C4, choose the conductor size from the drop down list.

AWG sizes are shown as the number such as 12, 4, or 3/0. Kcmil or MCM are shown as the
number such as 250, 500, or 750. Wire sizes must be between #14 AWG and 1000 Kcmil.
If you are doing low voltage or fiber optics, enter the total number of cables of this type
starting in cell B11. In cell C11, choose the cable type from the drop down list. Only a certain
number of cable types are listed. Low voltage cables are in the format of (AWG)/(# of
conductors). Their sizes are based on some typical industry sizes for stranded multi-
conductor cables with shielding and a PVC jacket. Fiber optic cables are in shown as the
number of fiber strands followed by an f. Their sizes are based on Beldon riser or plenum
series whichever was larger for that number of fibers.

You may wish to replace the values in the tables with areas of cabling you work with the
most. Keep in mind that NEC 800.110 Exception states that conduit fill rules dont apply to
communications wiring. Use this calculator as a general guide only.

Finally, choose the conduit type from the drop down list. An explanation of the acronyms is
listed to the right of the calculation box. If N/A appears in the Minimum Conduit Size in
calculated cell E15, that means that that type of conduit is not manufactured large enough to
legally contain the set of conductors that you have designated.

The figures in the tables were taken from the tables found in the 2002 NEC.

VOLTAGE DROP SPREADSHEET

The following voltage drop calculations were all based on the resistance values in Table 8
Chapter 9 of NEC (National Electrical Code). This spreadsheet only considers voltage drop.
Many other factors affect wire size. Please refer to entire NEC when sizing wire.

Spreadsheet has three sheets beside main one with calculations:

Printable VD calculations
Printable Table Parallel wires
Printable Table 310-16

SQUARED SELECTING CAPACITOR SIZE

Introduction to spreadsheet

The following calculator is used to determine the capacitor kVAR required to improve PF
of a single load or entire power system.

Actual power factor, peak kilowatt demand, desired PF and system voltage are required.

The best source for this information is the monthly utility bill or other local monitoring
equipment. A calculation of each months data for a 12 month period is recommended to
determine the maximum kVAR required.
CABLE SIZE CALCULATION SPREADSHEET
Calculations //

Based On Motor Horse Power HP and Specified Current

Input data: Motor voltage (V L-L), Motor horsepower, Cable Temperature Rating (C),
Ambient Temperature (C), Cable Length (ft) and Acceptable Voltage Drop (%).

Calculated Values: Operating Current (A), 125% Current per NEC (A), Zero Length Cable
Size, Acceptable Voltage Drop (V), Actual Voltage Drop (V) and Actual Voltage Drop (%).

Note//

Conductor ampacities are based on NEC 2008, Table 310.16 (Not more than 3 current
carrying conductors in racewary).

VOLTAGE REGULATION PERCENTAGE OF SMALL

DISTRIBUTION LINE
Calculation according to single line diagram

By adding conductor detail convert your distribution system in to single Line Diagaram.

This spreadsheet will calculate following parameters of small distribution line:

1. The percentage of voltage regulation of small distribution line

2. The percentage of voltage drop of individual load
3. The percentage of voltage drop of various ACSR, AAAC, AAC conductor overhead Line
4. Receiving end voltage of distribution line
5. Total percentage of voltage regulation of distribution line

RESIDENTIAL LOAD CALCULATIONS

Introduction to spreadsheet

The following calculation spreadsheet is used to calculate:

1. General lighting demand load

2. Heating and CU load
3. Appliance demand load
4. Dryer demand load
5. Range demand load
6. Service demand load

TRANSFORMER FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION

Transformer Impedance

Transformer Impedance is measured in Percent Impedance, this is the percentage of rated

primary voltage applied to the Transformers primary winding in order for the rated
secondary Full Load Current to flow in the secondary winding (this test is preformed with
the primary winding connected to a Variac or variable supply and the secondary winding
shorted-out).

Transformer Impedance values may vary but typically Blakley Electrics transformers will be
between 4 to 5% of primary Voltage.

For further details please contact Blakley Electrics Technical department.

Impedance Voltage Vz = ( Primary Volts V x Percent Impedance Z% ) / 100

Transformer Maximum Fault Current Allowing for Loog Impedance

To calculate the Maximum Fault Current that can be achieved in a circuit fed by a
transformer we refer to the below formula.

This formula calculates the loop impedance at the end ofa circuit fed from the secondary
winding of a transformer. When calculating Fault Loop Impedance Select the Correct
Transformer Type Above. Three Phase Transformers Divide the Values for Vs secondary
Voltage by 3 and the VA by 3.

For Centre Tapped to Earth (C TE) transformers halve the values for Vs and VA . For RLV /
110V C TE Disconnection Times & Zs figures refer to BS 7671:2008, 411.8 Table 41.6.

POWERLINE VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

Introduction

Standard Arctic BS6500

Single Phase
Cable Size
(mm2) Volt Drop
Current Capacity
mV/M/A

2,5 19 25
 4 12 32

Above gures for Voltage Drop are taken from BS7671 :2008 Table 4F3B (Appendix 4)
Above gures for current Capacity are taken from BS7671:2008 Table 4F3A (Appendix 4)

Total Volt Drop = Cable Length M x Current A x Volt Drop / Metre / Amp V/M/A

BS7671:2008, 525.1 In the absence of any other consideration, under normal service
conditions the voltage at the terminals of any xed current-using equipment shall be greater
than the lower limit corresponding to the product standard relevant to the equipment.

BS7671:2008, 525.2 Where xed current-using equipment is not the subject of a product
standard the voltage at the terminals shall be such as not to impair the safe functioning of that
equipment.

BS7671:2008, 525.3 The above requirements are deemed to be satised if the voltage drop
between the origin of the installation (usually the supply terminals) and a socket-outlet or the
terminals of xed current-using equipment does not exceed that stated in Appendix 12.

BS7671:2008, 525.4 A greater voltage drop than stated in Table 12A (Appendix 12) may be
accepted for a motor during starting periods and for other equipment with high inrush
currents, provided that it is veried that the voltage variations are within the limits specied
in the relevant product standard for the equipment or, in the absence of a product standard in
accordance with the manufactures recommendations.

BS7671:2008 Table 12A (Appendix 12) The voltage drop within each nal circuit should
not exceed 3% for lighting and 5% for other uses.

Standard POWERLINE Strings

Strings are available in 25. 50 or 100M lengths of 2-5 or 4mm2 3 core Cable with T drops
every 5 or 10M