Specification for Cement

Portland cements are manufactures in controlled conditions. For engineers, physical properties of cement
are relevant as acceptance criteria. They are, therefore, summarized, below in table 1.

Table 1 : SPECIFICATIONS FOR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENTS

S. PROPERTIES ORDINARY (IS : 269-1973) LOW (IS 6909-1973) (IS 1489-1967) (IS 8112-1967)
NO. PORTLAND RAPID HEAT SUPER PORTLAND HIGH STRENGTH
HARDENING SULPHATED POZOLANA ORDINARY
(8)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1. FINENESS
Residue by
weight on IS 10 5 - - 5 -
sieve 90 not to
exceed percent.
Specific surface
(cm3 /g) by air
permeability 2250 3250 3200 4000 3000 -
method, not less
than
2. SETTING
TIME (in min.)
30 30 60 30 30 -
Initial setting
time not less
than.
Final setting
time not more 600 600 600 600 600 -
than.
3. COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
(kg/cm2) of 1:3
cement mortar
cube. - 160 - - - -
At 1 day (24 h
30 min.) not less
than
At 3 days (72 h
1 hr) not less 160 275 100 150 - -
than
At 7 days (168 h
2 hr. ) not less 220 - 160 220 175 330
than
At 28 days (672
h 4 h) not less - - 350 300 250 -
than
Note :- For compressive strength test, standard sand specified in IS : 650:1966 (revised) should be used.
4. SOUNDNESS :
By Le-chatelier
method
specimen shall 10 10 10 5 10 -
not have an
expansion of
more than, mm.
By Auto-clave
method
specimen shall
not have 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 0.8 -
expansion of
more than,
percent.
Note: As regards soundness test, in the event of cement failing to comply with the above requirements, a further test shall be made by
Le-Chatelier Method, from another portion of the same sample, after aeration, by being spread out to a depth of 75 mm at a relative
humidity of 50 to 80 percent for a total period of 7 days when the expansion of each of the three types of cement mentioned above shall
not be more than 5 mm.
5. MAXIMUM
HEAT OF
HYDRATION
- - 65.0 - - -
(cal/g)
At 7 days, not
more than
6. SPECIFIC
- - - 2.8 to 2.9 - -
GRAVITY
BULK
- - - 1.3 - -
DENSITY
7. DRYING
SHRINKAGE
- - - - 0.15 -
(Max.
Shrinkage)

1. INSPECTION OF AGGREGATE (IS : 383-1970)

A. Trade groups of rocks used as concrete aggregate
Name of rock Trade Group
(1) (2)
Granite group
Gabbro group
Igneous rock
Rhyolite group
Basalt group
Sandstone group
Sedimentary rock
Limestone group
Granulite and gneiss group
Metamorphic rock Schist group
Marble group
Derivative rock Residual group
 Table 2 : PARTICAL SHAPE
S. No. Classification Description Illustration of Examples
characteristic
specimens
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
River or sea-shore
Fully water worn or
gravel desert
1. Rounded completely shaped by
seashore or
attrition
windblown sand.
Naturally irregular or
Pit-sands and
partly shaped by
2. Irregular or partly rounded gravels; land or dug-
attrition and having
flints; cuboid rocks.
rounded edges
Possessing well-
defined edges formed Crushed rocks all
3. Angular
at the inter-section of types; talus; screes.
roughly planar faces.
Material, usually
angular, of which the
4. Flaky thickness is small Laminated rocks.
relative to width and
or length.

SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES

TABLE 3 : SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATE
GROUP SURFACE TEXTURE EXAMPLE
1 Glassy Black flint
Chert, Slate ; Marble ; Some
2 Smooth
rhyolite
3 Granular Sand stone ; Oolites
Fine: Basalt; Trachyte;
Keratophyre.
Medium : Dolerite ; Granophyre
Granulite ; Microgranite; Some
4 Crystalline Limestones,
Many dolomites,
Coarse : Gabbro ;gneiss ;
Granite ;Grandiorite ; Syenite

5 Honeycombed and porous Scoriac, pumice, trass.

LIMITS OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS (IS: 383-1983) (revised)

The maximum quantity of deleterious material shall not exceed the limits specified below when tested in
accordance with IS: 2386-1963. However, the engineer-in-charge at his discretion may relax some of the
limits as a result of some further tests and evidence of some satisfactory performance tests.
 Table 4 : LIMITS OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS
S. NO. DELETERIOUS METHOD OF TEST FINE AGGREGATE COARSE AGGREGATE
SUBSTANCES PERCENTAGE BY PERCENTAGE BY
WEIGHT Max. WEIGHT Max.
Uncrushed Crushed Uncrushed Crushed
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1 Coal and lignites IS : 2386-(pt II)-1963 1 1 1 1
2 Clay lumps IS : 2386-(pt II)-1963 1 1 1 1
Material finer than
3 IS : 2386-(pt I)-1963 3 3 3 3
75 micron IS Sieve
4 Soft fragments IS : 2386-(pt II)-1963 - - 3 -
5 Shale IS : 2386-(pt II)-1963 1 - - -
Note 1 The sum of percentage of all deleterious materials shall not exceed five.
Note 2 (. )
Note 3 the presence of mica in the fine aggregate has been found to reduce considerably the durability and compressive
strength of concrete and further investigations are underway to determine the extent of the extent of the deleterious effect
of mica. It is advisable to investigate mica content of fine aggregate and make suitable allowances for possible reduction
in the strength of concrete or mortar.
Note 4 Aggregate shall not contain harmful organic impurities (tested) in accordance with IS: 2386-(pt II)-1963) in
sufficient quantities to effect adversely the strength or durability of concrete.

TABLE 5 : FINE AGGREGATE

(Also see fig. 1 and 2)
IS SIEVE PERCENTAGE PASSING BY WEIGHT
DESIGNATION Grading Zone I Grading Zone II Grading Zone III Grading Zone IV
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
10 mm 100 100 100 100
4.75 mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36 mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95- 100
1.18 mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600 micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300 micron 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150 micron 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
Note 1 for crushed stone sands, permissible limit on 150-micron IS sieve is increased to 20 percent.
This does not effect the 5 percent limit permitted as prescribed above applying to other sieve sizes.
Note 2 Fine aggregate complying with the requirement of any grading zone in this table is suitable for
concrete but the quality of concrete produced will depend upon a number of factors including g
proportions.
Note 3 Where concrete of high strength and durability is required, fine aggregate conforming to any
one of the four grading zone may be used, but the concrete mix should be properly designed. As the fine
aggregate grading becomes progressively finer, i. e. from grading zone I to IV. The ratio of fine aggregate
should be progressively reduced. The most suitable fine to coarse ratio to be used for any particular mix.
However, depends upon the actual grading, partical shape and surface texture of both fine and coarse
aggregates.
Note 4 it is recommended that fine aggregate conforming to Grading Zone IV should be used in
reinforced concrete unless tests have been made to ascertain the suitability of proposed mix proportions.
 Table 6 : COARSE AGGREGATE
IS SIEVE PERCENTAGE PASSING FOR
PERCENTAGE PASSING FOR SINGLE SIZE
DESIGNATION GRANDED AGGREGATE OF
AGGREGATE OF NOMINAL SIZE BY WEIGHT.
NOMINAL SIZE BY WEIGHT
63 mm 40 20 16 12.5 10 40 20 mm 16 mm 12.5 mm
mm mm mm mm mm mm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
80 mm 100 - - - - - 100 - - -
63 mm 85-100 100 - - - - - - - -
40 mm 0-30 85-100 100 - - - 95-100 100 - -
20 mm 0-5 0-20 85-100 100 - - 30-70 95-100 100 100
16 mm - - - 85-100 100 - - - - -
12.5 mm - - - - 85-100 100 - - - 90-100
10 mm - 0.5 0.20 0.30 0.45 85-100 10-35 25-55 30-70 40-80
4.75 mm - - 0.5 0.5 0.10 0.20 0.5 0.10 0.10 0.10
2.36 mm - - - - - 0.5 - - - -

TABLE 7 : ALL-IN-AGGREGATE
(Also See fig. 4)
IS SIEVE DESIGNATION PERCENTAGE PASSING 10 FOR ALL-IN-AGGREGATE
mm NOMINAL SIZE BY 20 mm NOMINAL SIZE
WEIGHT WEIGHT
(1) (2) (3)
80 mm 100
40 mm 95-100 100
20 mm 45-75 95-100
4.75 mm 25-45 30-50
600 micron 8-30 10-35
150 micron 0-6 0-6

TABLE 8 : SURFACE WATER CARRIED BY AVERAGE AGGREGATE

AGGREGATE APPROAXIMATE QUANTITY PERCENTAGE BY MASS
OF SURFACE WATER
(1) (2) (3)
l/m3
Very wet sand 120 7.5
Moderately wet sand 80 5.0
Moist sand 40 2.5
*Moist gravel of crushed rock 20 to 40 1.25 to 2.5
*Coarser the aggregate, less the water it will carry.
 11. ABSORPTION OF THE WATER BY DRY AGGREGATE

TABLE 9 : ABSORPTION OF THE WATER BY DRY AGGREGATE

AGGREGATE MOISTURE ABSORBED BY WT OF AGGREGATE
(1) (2)
Average sand 1.0 percent
Pebbles and crushed limestone 1.0 percent
Trap-rock and granite 0.5 percent
Porous sandstone 7.0 percent
Very light and porous aggregate 25 percent

12. BULKING OF SAND WITH VARIOUS MOISTURE CONTENTS (Concrete Hand Book, CAI
Bombay)

TABLE 10 : BULKING OF SAND

MOISTURE PERCENT FINE SAND MEDIUM SAND COARSE SAND
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 16 8 6
2 26 16 12
3 32 22 15
4 36 27 17
5 30 29 18
6 37 28 18
8 35 26 16
10 32 22 12
12 28 19 8
15 22 12 2
17 10 7 0
20 0 0 0
27 0 0 0

PERMISSIBLE LIMIT FOR SOLIDS

Organic 200 mg/l
Inorganic 3000 mg/l
Sulphates (as SO2) 500 mg /l
Chlorides (as Cl) 2000 mg/l for plain concrete work and 1000 mg/l
for reinforced work.
Suspended matter 2000 mg/l
 TABLE 11 :STRENGTH REQUIREMENT OF CONCRETE
[All values in kg/cm2 (N/mm2)]
GRADE OF CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 15 cm CUBES AT 28 DAYS
AFTER MIXING. CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
IS : 516-1959
Preliminary Test Works Test
(1) (2) (3)
M 100 (M10) 135 (13.5) 100 (10)
M 150 (M15) 200 (20) 150 (15)
M 200 (M20) 260 (26) 200 (20)
M 250 (25) 320 (32) 250 (25)
M 300 (30) 380 (38) 300 (30)
M 350 (35) 440 (44) 350 (35)
M 400 (40) 500 (50) 400 (40)

TABLE 12: OPTIONAL WORKS TEST REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE

[All values in kg/cm2 (N/mm2)]
(All tests conducted in accordance with IS : 516-1959)
GRADE OF COMPRESSIVE MODULUS OF RUPTURE BY BEAM TEST,
CONCRETE STRENGTH ON 15 Min.
cm CUBES Min.
At 7 days At 722 hr. At 7 days
(1) (2) (3) (4)
M 100 (M10) 70 (7) 12 (1.2) 17 (1.7)
M 150 (M15) 100 (10) 15 (1.5) 21 (2.1)
M 200 (M20) 135 (13.5) 17( 1.7) 24 (2.4)
M 250 (25) 170 (17) 19 (1.9) 27 (2.7)
M 300 (30) 200 (20) 21 (2.1) 30 (3.0)
M 350 (35) 235 (23.5) 23 (2.3) 32 (3.2)
M 400 (40) 270 (27) 25 (2.5) 34 (3.4)
 TABLE 13 : CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONS
ORDINARY CONCRETE (nominal mix)
TOTAL QUANTITY OF DRY QUANTITY OF
PROPORTIONS
GRADE OF AGGREGATES BY VOLUME PER 50 Kg WATER PER 50 kg W/C
OF FINE
CONCRETE OF CEMENT, TO BE TAKEN AS THE SUM OF CEMENT Max RATIO
AGGREGATE
OF THE INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES OF FINE
TO COARSE
& COARSE AGGREGATES, Max
AGGREGATE
(1) (2) (4) (5)
(3)
Liters (kg) Liters
M 50 (M5) - (800) Generally 1:2 for - (6) 1.2
M 75 (M7.5) - (650) fine aggregate to - (45) 0.9
M 100 (M10) 300 (480) coarse aggregate 34 (34) 0.68
M 150 (M15) 220 (350) by volume (mass) 32 (32) 0.64
M 200 (M20) 160 (250) but subject to an 30 (30) 0.60
upper limit of
1:1.5 and a lower
M 250 (25) 100 (--) limit of 1:3 27 (-) 0.54
(1:2.5)
Note 1:- The proportion of the aggregates should be adjusted from upper limit to lower limit progressively as the grading of the
fine aggregate becomes finer and maximum size of coarse aggregate becomes large.
Example : For an average grading of the aggregate (that is Zone II of IS : 383-1970) the proportions shall be 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3 for
maximum size of aggregates 10 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm respectively.
Note 2:- It may be noted for general guidance that M100, M200 & M250 (M10, M15, M20, and M25) of ordinary concrete
correspond approximately to 1:3:6, 1:2:4, and 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 nominal mixes of ordinary concrete currently used in the country.

TABLE 14-B: OPTIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE

GRADE OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH on MODULUS OF RUPTURE BY BEAM TEST, Min.

CONCRETE 15 cm Cubes, Min, at 7 DAYS At 722h At 7 days
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
M10 7.0 1.2 1.7
M15 10.0 1.5 2.1
M20 13.5 1.7 2.4
M25 17.0 1.9 2.7
M30 20.0 2.1 3.0
M35 23.5 2.3 3.2
M40 27.0 2.5 3.4
 Quantity of concrete in the work,m3 Number of Samples
1-5 1
6-15 2
16-30 3
31-50 4
4 plus one additional for each sample for each
51 and above
additional 50 m3 or part thereof.

ASSUMED STANDARD DEVIATION

GRADE OF CONCRETE ASSUMED STANDARD DEVIATION

N/mm2
M10 2.3
M15 3.5
M20 4.6
M25 5.3
M30 6.0
M35 6.3
M40 6.6

TABLE 15: PROPORTIONS BY VOLUME OF FINE AGGREGATE TO COARSE

AGGREGATE FOR ORDINARY CONCRETE MIX.

NOMINAL SIZE OF ZONES OF SAND

COARSE AGGREGATE ZONE I ZONE II ZONE III ZONE IV
(mm)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
10 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:3
20 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:3
40 1:2 1:4 1:3 -

TABLE 16: SIZE AND DIMENSIONS OF CONTAINERS

CAPACITIES IN INSIDE MEASUREMENTS
LITERS LENGTH (cm) BREADTH (cm) HEIGHT (cm)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
25 25 25 40
30 25 25 48
35 27 27 48
40 29 29 48
45 30 30 50
50 31 31 52
 TABLE 17: SUGGESTED VALUES FOR SLUMPS AND COMPACTING FACTORS FOR
VARIOUS PLACING CONDITIONS
(Adopted from Design of concrete mixes by melntosh)

PLACING DEGREE OF NOMINAL MAX SIZE COMPACTING SLUMP

CONDITIONS WORKABILITY OF AGGREGATE FACTOR mm
mm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. Small
10 0.75 0
section
subjected to
intensive 20 0.70 0-12
vibrations; Very low
large
sections
with normal 40 0.78 0-25
vibrations
2. Normally
reinforced 10 0.83 0-6
sections
with
vibrations; Low 20 0.85 12-25
large
sections
without 40 0.85 25-50
vibrations.
3. Normally
reinforced 10 0.90 6-25
sections
without
vibrations; Medium 20 0.92 25-50
Heavily
reinforced
sections
without 40 0.92 50-100
vibrations.
4. Heavily 10 0.95 25-100
reinforced
sections
High 20 0.95 50-100
without
vibrations;
not normally
40 0.95 100-175
suitable
 TABLE 18: SLUMP RANGES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIONS

TYPES OF SLUMP
CONSTRUCTIONS Max. (mm) Min. (mm)
(1) (2) (3)
Reinforced foundations walls 100 50
and footings
Unreinforced footing, caissons 75 25
and substructure walls
Reinforced slabs, beams & 125 50
columns
Building columns 125 75
Bridge decks 75 50
Pavements 50 25
Side-walls, drive-ways and slabs 100 50
on ground
Heavy mass construction 50 25

DEGREE OF WORKABILITY FOR VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS AS SUGGESTED BY CAI,

BOMBAY (Notes on design of concrete mixes by CAI, BOMBAY)
TABLE 19: DEGREE OF WORKABILITY FOR VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS

REQUIREMENT SLUMP (mm)

(1) (2)
1. Vibrated concrete in walls or other large
0-25
sections
2. Mass concrete foundations without
vibrations, simple reinforced section with 25-50
vibration
3. Normal reinforced work without
vibrations and heavily reinforced section 50-100
with vibrations
4. Sections with congested reinforcements
100-175
not normally suitable for vibrations

7 Days Cement Strength:

Curve As per IS: 269-1959 Corresponding with regarded

Kg/cm2 sand
A 175 320
B 210 264
C 245 308
D 260 352
E 315 396
F 380 440
 TABLE 20: SUGGESTED RANGES OF WORKABILITY OF CONCRETRE FOR SOME
PLACING CONDITIONS, MEASURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
IS: 1199-1959
IS : 546-1978 (III revision)

PLACING CONDITIONS DEGREE OF VALUE OF WORKABILITY

WORKABILITY
(1) (2) (3)
Concreting of small sections Very low 20-10 seconds, Vee-bee time
with vibrations Or
0.75-0.80, compacting factor
Concreting of lightly reinforced Low 10-5 seconds, Vee-bee time
sections with vibrations Or
0.80-0.85, compacting factor
Concreting of lightly reinforced Medium 5-2 seconds, Vee-bee time
sections without vibrations; or Or
heavily reinforced sections with 0.85-0.92, compacting factor
vibrations Or
25-75 mm slump for 20 mm
*aggregate
Concreting of heavily reinforced High Above 0.92, compacting factor
sections without vibrations Or
75-125 mm slump for 20 mm
*aggregate
*for smaller aggregate the values shall be lower.

TABLE 21 : NUMBER OF SUBLOTS INTO WHICH A LOT IS TO BE DIVIDED

WEIGHT OF LOT NUMBER OF SUBLOTS
(1) (2)
Tonnes
Up to 100 2
101 to 200 3
201 to 300 4
301 to 500 5
501 to 800 6
801 to 1300 7
1301 and above 8
 TABLE 22 : NUMBER OF SUBLOTS INTO WHICH A LOT IS TO BE DIVIDED
SIZE OF LOT NUMBER OF SUBLOTS
(1) (2)
m3
101 to 500 3
501 to 1500 5
1501 to 5000 7
Note 1: In case the lot is less than 100 m3 or less of aggregate, the sampling shall be subjected to
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.

TABLE 23: MINIMUM WEIGHT OF GROSS SAMPLE AND MINIMUM NUMBER OF INCREMENT
MAX SIZE PRESENT WT. OF GROSS WEIGHT OF NUMBER OF
IN SUBSTANTIAL SAMPLE INCREMENT INCREMENTS
PROPORTIONS Min min
(1) (2) (3) (1)
Coarse and all-in-
aggregates (more than 20 300 10 30
mm aggregate size)
Coarse and all-in-
aggregates (up to 20 mm 200 5 40
nominal size)
Fine aggregate 100 2 50

TABLE 24 : DIMENSIONS OF SCOOP

CAPACITY OF DIMENSION OF THE SCOOP
SCOOP A B C D
Kg. mm mm mm mm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
10 250 250 120 200
5 200 200 90 175
2 150 150 75 125
SIZES OF SAMPLES REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH IS 2386-
1965
(Adopted from Congress Hand Book, CAI Bombay)

TABLE 25 : SIZES OF SAMPLES REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS TESTS

TEST MINIMUM SAMPLE SIZE
TO BE AVAILABLE IN THE TO BE TESTED
LABORATORY Kg.
Kg.
(1) (2) (3)
1. SIEVE ANALYSIS
Minimum size present in
substantial proportions
63 mm 150 50
50 mm 150 35
40 mm to 31.5 mm 50 15
25 mm 15 5
20 mm to 16 mm 10 2
12.5 mm 5 1
10 mm 2 0.5
6.3 mm 2 0.2
4.75 mm 2 0.2
2.36 mm 2 0.1
2. DETERMINATION
OF MATERIALS
FINER THAN 75
MICRON
Minimum size present in
substantial proportions
20 5.0
40 mm
10 2.5
20 mm
10 2.0
10 mm
5 0.5
4.75 mm
3. DETERMINATION
OF CLAY LUMPS
SIZES OF
PARTICALS
MAKING UP
SAMPLES 20 5
40 mm or above 15 3
40 mm 20 mm 10 2
20 mm 10 mm 5 1
10 mm 4.75 mm
4. DETERMINATION
OF CLAY, FINE SILT
AND FINE DUST (by
the sedimentation
method)
Minimum size present in
substantial proportions 30 6
 63 mm 25 mm 20 1
20 mm 12.5 mm 10 0.5
10 mm 6.3 mm 10 0.3
4.75 mm and smaller
5. DETERMINATION
OF LIGHT WEIGHT
PIECES
50 10
80 mm
25 5
40 mm
15 3
20 mm
5 0.2
6.3 mm
6. DETERMINATION
OF SOFT
PARTICALS
Maximum size of
aggregate
60 12
30 mm 40 mm
30 4.5
40 mm 25 mm
10 1.5
25 mm 20 mm
5 0.6
20 mm 12.5 mm
5 0.2
12.5 mm 10 mm
7. ESTIMATION OF
ORGANIC 5 0.5
IMPURITIES
8. DETERMINATION
OF SPECIFIC
GRAVITY AND
WATER
ABSORPTION
Aggregate larger than 10 2
10 mm 5 1
10 mm 4.75 mm 3 0.5
Less than 4.75 mm
9. DETERMINATION
OF BULK DENSITY
AND VOIDS
Max. size of aggregate
Over 40 mm 150 60
40mm 4.75 mm 100 30
Less than 4.75 mm 20 6
10. DETERMINATION
OF AGGREGATE
CRUSHING VALUE
Crushing value 30 7
11. DETERMINATION
OF TEN PERCENT
FINES VALUE 30 7
12. DETERMINATION
OFAGGREGATE
IMPACT VALUE 5 1
 13. DETERMINATION
OF AGGREGATE
ABRASION VALUE
BY USE OF DEVAL
30 6
MACHINE
14. DETERMINATION
OF AGGREGATE
ABRASION VALUE
BY USE OF LOS-
300 50
ANGELES MACHINE
15. DETERMINATION
OF FINENESS
Coarse aggregate 60 10
Fine aggregate 10 3

TABLE 24 : DIMENSION OF THICKNESS AND LENGTH GAUGES

Size of aggregate Retained on IS sieve *Thickness Gauge *Length Gauge
passing through mm mm
63 mm 50 mm 33.90 -
50 mm 40 mm 27.00 81.00
40 mm 31.5 mm 19.50 58.5
31.5 mm 25 mm 16.95 -
25 mm 20 mm 13.50 40.5
20 mm 16 mm 10.9 32.4
16 mm 12.5 mm 8.55 25.6
12.5 mm 10 mm 6.75 20.2
10 mm 6.3 mm 4.89 14.7
*Note : Thickness gauge size ; (3/5)X[(50+40)/2] =27.00 mm
Length gauge size = (9/5)X[(50+40)/2] = 81.00 mm
Thus the value of 27.0 mm for thickness gauge and 81.00 mm for length gauge has been prescribed for
aggregate passing through 50 mm sieve and retained up 43 mm size.

Maximum size present in substantial Minimum weight of sample to be taken for

proportions (mm) sieving (kg.)
40 to 31.5 15
25 5
20 to 16 2
12.5 1
10 0.5
6.3 0.2
2.36 0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD:

Sieve Percentage passing Percentage of different fractions

size
Grading of Stipulated combined I Trial II Trial
Aggregate grading I II Combined I II Combined
I II 60 % 40 % 100 %
C.A. F.A.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
80 - - - - - - - - -
40 100 100 100 60 40 100 - - -
20 97 100 100 58 40 100 - - -
10 40 100 65 24 40 64 - - -
4.75 5 98 42 3 39 42 - - -
2.36 0 90 35 0 36 36 - - -
1.18 0 75 28 0 30 30 - - -
600 0 45 20 0 18 18 - - -
300 0 20 7 0 8 8 - - -
150 0 2 0 0 0.8 0.8 - - -
75 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - -
Note:- in the above example the 1st trial gives the combined grading similar to stipulated grading. If one
does not get it, then more trials are required to be made. With more practice, two are usually enough.

Particulars Cement Total dry FA/CA F.A. C.A. W/C Water

Kg. Aggregate
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Initial
50 220 lit. 1:3 55 165 0.64 32 lit.
assumption

From Table 8 in part I, surface moisture available is 80 liters/1000 liters of the fine aggregate and 40
liters/ 1000 liters of coarse aggregate.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Correction for Moisture :
80 55
Moisture in FA1000 1 4.4
40 165 6.6
Moisture in CA
1000 1 11.0

Step 3: Conduct test for bulking for fine aggregate and make adjustment for bulkage. If tests are not
made, increase the fine aggregate by 25 per cent.
Assume in this example, the bulkage determined on site is 25 per cent.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

125 55
Correction for bulkage: @25% F.A. = 100 1
= 70
 Step 4: Estimate quantities after correction.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Quantities after
50 kg 220 1:3 70 lt. 165 lt. 20.1 lt.
corrections

Step 5: Calculate the quantities required per batch according to the capacity of the mixes. For example
1
100 liter capacity mixer, will consume only bag at a time, 200 liters will consume 1 bag of cement per
2
batch.
In this particular case, 200 capacity mixer will consume 1 bag of cement per batch.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Quantities 50 kg 220 1:3 70 lt. 165 lt. 0.64 21.0 lt.
after batch

Particulars Cement Total dry FA/CA F.A. C.A. W/C Water

Kg. Aggregate
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1. Initial
50 200 lit. 1:2 67 134 0.64 32 lit.
assumption
2. Correction for Moisture :
80 67
Moisture in FA1000 1 5.40
40 134 6.6
Moisture in CA
1000 1 12.00
67 125
3. Correction for bulkage: @25% F.A. = 100 1 = 84
4. Quantities
after 50 200 1:2 84 134 0.64 20.
corrections
5. Quantities per
batch of 50 200 1:2 84 134 0.64 20
cement
6. Selection of farma (container)
a. For F.A. use 45 liters twice.
b. For C.A. use 45 liters thrice
7. Mix the ingredients and conduct the second trial and observe slump.
Within two or three trials, one can find the correct proportions. Once the correct proportions
are found, take at least three cubes for test specimen for compression test and also conduct unit
weight test.