FLOOD IN JAKARTA

As the rainy season comes, special district of Jakarta faces serious problem such as
flood, the greater Jakarta districts is prone to floods and mudslides. The very heavy rains
in Jakarta have created severe flooding in many parts of the capital and its surrounding
districts. There are three main aspects associated with the cause of flooding in
Jakarta: Global, regional and local.

Jakarta and all coastal cities in the world face a high potential of flooding due
to global warming. Global warming partly to support for heavy rainfall events. Such as
Global warming changes climate conditions, Warmer air can hold more moisture then
extreme amounts of rain / increasing frequently and intensity of heavy rainfall. From the
regional point of view, Jakartas flood resulted from large amounts of water from
upstream rivers in West Java that flowed across the capital. Deforestation in the
headwater regions because of development of farms, plantations and housing has reduced
rainwater absorption, sparking massive water flows to lower areas and, hence, flood in
Jakarta. To avoid the flood, there are some plans such as discouraging flood prone area,
protecting natural system such as wetland that help buffer against floods, then develop
artificial lakes to act as water reservoirs along the West Java border outside Jakarta to
take the brunt of the overflowing river. The West Java authority is only reluctantly
providing land for this purpose. The third cause of Jakartas flood is the local factor.
Many urban experts argue that the lack of open spaces and green areas in Jakarta is a
source of the flood, The city ground surface are primarily covered by hard material, as
rainwater cannot be absorbed by the ground surface. Being an urban area, the citys
ground surfaces are primarily covered by hard materials in the form of buildings, roads,
parking lots and other amenities.

Unfortunately, Jakarta does not have an integrated drainage system and even
lacks appropriate water channels. Old channels, built in the 1960s are maintained to this
day, although they are no longer sufficient to accommodate the current levels of
rainwater. The water channels should be sufficiently large to accommodate the runoff
water and so avoid overflowing water that causes flood. Beside an integrated drainage
system and an increase in the size of water channels, there needs to be an ongoing
program to dredge sediment from the citys rivers, canals and lakes.
 The Variety of Learning Styles of English
Department Students

In regard to the latest research that has been taken by me, dealing with the variety
of learning styles among English Department students, actually has given brief and clear
data about the correlation between students learning styles and achievement. There are
group-learning, individual-learning, and mentoring-learning as the classification of the
English Department students learning styles. Here are my explanations about those
students learning styles.

The first one is that the students learning style that can be classified into group
learning style. Students in this group tend to work together with their friends. They enjoy
discussing certain topics with their friends and sharing several ideas in the forum of
discussion. The students belong to this group usually students who are socialized, have
good intrapersonal skill, talkative, and love arguing ideas. They are usually unable to
study effectively by themselves. They need friends to exchange the information and even
learn certain subjects. For example the student named Bill loves discussing certain
subjects in the class. He needs friends to help him learn the subjects by exchanging the
information they have got. Therefore, this group contains students who have sociable
characteristics.

The second one is individual learning. The characteristics of students who adopt
this learning style are so different from the group learning. Students in this group tend to
work and study by themselves. They dont enjoy studying and working in a group. They
need a wide space for themselves and quiet place to concentrate on their work or study.
They enjoy searching materials from library, internet, and also books. They also cannot
cooperate well when they are working in a group. These independent learners also prefer
a quiet place to study to a noisy one. The example of this group learning is Montresors.
He is an independent learner. While everyone in the class is busy discussing something,
he just calmly reads books and separates himself from other students in the class. The
students in this group learning have the opposite characteristics of the group learning
style.

The last is mentoring-learning. Actually the characteristics of students who adopt

this learning style are not so different from individual learning style and group learning
style. It actually has several differences in the level of the ways how students learn, get
the information, and achievement. Usually, students who apply this style tend to learn by
discussing with their lecturers or persons who are capable enough to share information.
They also love searching materials and discussing the material with the lecturers
privately. They always love asking several questions in the class. They only enjoy
studying with the lecturers or people who are academically capable in their own
perspective. The model of this learning style is Fortunato. He is very active in the class
and also has time to discuss certain topics with his lecturers outside the lecturing time.

This small framework of learning styles that is adopted by English Department

students can reflect other students learning styles outside English Department in general.
They have different characteristics and actually features that correlate with students
personality itself. Thus, it is very important to determine and classify students learning
styles in order to treat them effectively based on their learning styles.