Engineered Materials Characterization Report For The

UCRL-ID-119564, Vol.
Engineered Materials Characterization Report for the

Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
Volume 2: Design Data
R. A. Van Konynenburg
R. D. McCright
A. K. Roy
D. A. Jones
Date Written: December 1994>

Date Published: August 1395 -
This is an informal report Intended primrily for internal or limited external

distribution. The opinionsand concluions stated are those of the author and may
or may not be those of the laboratory.
~'t ~ -',
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Prepared by Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

(YMP) participants as part of the Civilian Radioactive Waste
Management Program. The YMP is managed by the Yucca
Mountain Site Characterization Project Office of the
U.S. Department of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada.
ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORT FOR THE
YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT
Volume 2
Design Data
by
R. A. Van Konynenburg
and
R.D. McCright
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
A. K. Roy
B&W Fuel Company
D. A. Jones
University of Nevada - Reno
December 30, 1994
I
-
ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORT

FOR THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT
Volume 1 Introduction, History and Current Candidates
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Waste Package and Engineered Barrier System Terminology
3. History of Engineered Materials Selection and Characterization for the
Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
3.1 History of Materials Selection
3.2 History of Materials Characterization
4. Engineered Barrier System Materials Characterization Workshop
4.1 Background
4.2 Substantially Complete Containment
4.3 Design Factors and Programs
4.4 Materials Selection
4.5 Factors Affecting Corrosion
4.6 Repository Environment
4.7 Microbiologically-Influenced Corrosion
4.8 Performance Assessment
4.9 Testing
5. Current List of Candidate Materials
5.1 Metallic Barriers
5.1.1 Corrosion Resistant Candidate Materials
5.1.2 Corrosion Allowance Candidate Materials
5.1.3 Intermediate or Moderately Corrosion Resistant Candidate
Materials
5.2 Basket Materials
5.3 Filler Materials
5.4 Packing Materials
5.5 Backfill Materials
5.6 Non-Metallic Barriers
5.7 Final Remarks
6. References
7. Tables
2
Click on a section heading to view the
Volume 2 Design Data

IGo to Vol:U]m
Abstract
IGo to Volume 3 (Augus
1. Introduction
2. Current List of Candidate Materials IGo to Volume 3 Revision 1 (a
3. Degraded Materials Properties
4. Final Remarks
5 References Go to Volume 3 Revision 1.1
6. Tables and Figures
Volume 8 Corroson Data and Modeling
Abstract
1. Degradation Mode Surveys
2. Results of Corrosion Testing
3. Radiation Effects on Corrosion
4. Modeling
5. References
Click here to go to EMCR CD-ROM Table of Co]
3
Abstract
This three-volume report serves several purposes. The first volume provides an
introduction to the engineered materials effort for the Yucca Mountain Site
Characterization Project. It defines terms, and outlines the history of selection and
characterization of these materials. A summary of the recent engineered barrier
materials characterization workshop is presented, and the current candidate
materials are listed. The second volume tabulates design data for engineered
materials, and the third volume is devoted to corrosion data, radiation effects on
corrosion, and corrosion modeling. The second and third volumes are intended to be
evolving documents, to which new data will be added as they become available from
additional studies. The initial version of Volume 3 is devoted to information currently
available for environments most similar to those expected in the potential Yucca
Mountain repository. Each volume contains a separate list of references pertinent to
it.
4
1. Introduction
Volume 2 of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report presents the design

data for candidate materials needed in fabricating different components for both large
and medium multi-purpose canister (MPC) disposal containers, waste packages for
containing uncanistered spent fuel (UCF), and defense high-level waste (HLW) glass
disposal containers'. The UCF waste package consists of a disposal container with a
basket therein. It is assumed that the waste packages will incorporate all-metallic
multibarrier disposal containers to accommodate medium and large MPCs, UCF, and
HLW glass canisters. Unless otherwise specified, the disposal container designs
incorporate an outer corrosion-allowance metal barrier over an inner corrosion-
resistant metal barrier. The corrosion-allowance barrier, which will be thicker than
the inner corrosion-resistant barrier, is designed to undergo corrosion-induced
degradation at a very low rate, thus providing the inner barrier protection from the
near-field environment for a prolonged service period.
2. Current List of Candidate Materials
In Volume 1 of this report, a list of candidate materials for multibarrier containers

was presented. Table 1-6 from Volume I is reproduced in this volume, showing these
candidates. In this volume, we have tabulated design data for these candidate
materials as well as data for materials under consideration by designers for other
applications. The presented data on these materials were obtained from the open
literature and available specifications developed by various technical societies. For
some of the materials identified in this report, for which data on some specific
attributes are not available from the open literature, data for materials with chemical
compositions very similar to the identified materials are presented. We have faithfully
reproduced the data as they were found in the literature. In subsequent revisions, we
will convert all the data to S.I. units.
Type 316L Stainless Steel

The primary function of the MPC shell is to confine the radionuclides throughout the
storage period, during transfer operations involved in transportation, and during
handling at the repository. Thus, the metallic material to be used for the shell should
be highly corrosion resistant. The shell could be exposed to a variety of environmental
conditions, which could lead to several forms of corrosion, including pitting, crevice
corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. The shell may also be subject to
microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) and environment-assisted embrittlement.
Thus, the material for the MPC shell should possess sufficient resistance to these
types of degradation modes.
The function of the structural component of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) basket is to
provide separation of the SNF assemblies and to ensure that they remain in their
original positions without interference as emplaced. The basket material should
maintain structural integrity, and be capable of conducting heat away from the waste.
Furthermore, it should be compatible with the basket criticality control material and
waste form. In view of these requirements, the selected material should possess
5
sufficient strength and toughness, high thermal conductivity, superior fabricability,
and excellent corrosion resistance.
The above requirements can most effectively be met by using corrosion-resistant,

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code materials such as Type 316L stainless steel.
However, Type 316L stainless steel may not provide long-term containment
performance in the repository. Therefore, alternate materials such as Alloy 825, one of
the Hastelloys or a Titanium alloy may be considered to ensure maintenance of
integrity for as long as possible, should the containment barriers be breached.
The 300 series austenitic stainless steels that contain chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and
molybdenum (Mo) are noted for strength, exceptional toughness, ductility and
formability. As a class, they exhibit considerably better corrosion resistance than
martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, and also have excellent strength and
oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
These steels are annealed after cold working to ensure maximum corrosion resistance
and to restore maximum softness and ductility. Solution annealing treatment of these
alloys is done by heating them to about 11000C followed by rapid cooling. Carbides
that are dissolved at this temperature may precipitate at grain boundaries as
chromium carbides upon exposure to temperatures ranging between 400 and 8000C
Under this condition, these materials become sensitive to intergranular corrosion in
aqueous environments in the presence of many dissolved species. The precipitation of
chromium carbides can, however, be controlled by reducing the carbon content, as in
Types 304L and 316L, or by adding stronger carbide formers such as titanium (Ti)
and niobium (Nb), as in Types 321 and 347.
The chemical composition of Type 316L stainless steel2 is shown in Table 2-1. To
offset the loss of strength resulting from lower carbon levels, nitrogen .levels are
maintained between 0.06 and 0.1 weight percent for nuclear grade Type 316 (i.e.,
316NG) stainless steel, and between 0.10 and 0.16 weight percent for Type 316LN
materials. Furthermore, for Type 316NG stainless steels, the carbon content has been
limited to 0.02 weight percent. Due to the presence of Mo, Type 316L stainless steel
possesses improved corrosion resistance, compared to Type 304L stainless steel, and,
in particular, improved resistance to localized attack such as pitting and crevice
corrosion, when exposed to many types of corrosive environments. Furthermore, Type
316L stainless steel possesses superior creep strength at elevated temperatures,
compared to Type 304L stainless steel.
Austenitic Type 316L stainless steel is easily welded, and produces welded joints that
are characterized by a high degree of toughness, even in the as-welded condition.
Serviceable joints can be readily produced if the composition and the physical and
mechanical properties are tailored to the welding process and condition.
Ambient temperature mechanical properties 3 of Type 316L stainless steel are

presented in Table 2-2. This grade of material has excellent impact resistance, with
Charpy impact energies of greater than 135 joules (100 ft.lb) at room temperature.
Cryogenic temperatures have very little or no effect on impact energy. However, cold
6
work lowers the resistance to impact at all temperatures. Thermal properties 3 ,4 and
some physical constants 3 ' 4 for Type 316L stainless steel are shown in Tables 2-3 and
2-4, respectively. Some of the physical properties (i.e., density, thermal diffusivity,
and electrical resistivity) of Type 316L stainless steel are not available as a function
of temperature. Therefore, these physical properties for Type 316 stainless steel at
various temperatures 4 are presented in Table 2-5. Table 2-6 shows a comparison of
tensile properties 4 at different temperatures for both Types 316 and 316L stainless
steels. Designations and specifications for these grades of austenitic stainless steel
include the following:
UNS S31603
ASTM A 167, A 182, A 240, A 276, A 473 and A 580
ASME SA 182, SA 213, SA 240, SA 249, SA 312, SA 403, SA 479 and SA 688
DIN 1.4404
Alloy 825
The primary function of the inner containment barrier is to contain the radionuclides.
Thus, the metallic material to be used for this application should be highly corrosion
resistant. Alloy 825, a nickel-iron-chromium (Ni-Fe-Cr) alloy with additions of
molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), and titanium (Ti), has been identified to be the
primary metal for the inner container. The chemical composition-5 6 of this alloy,
shown in Table 2-7, is designed to provide a combination of excellent corrosion and
oxidation resistance, and desirable mechanical properties and fabricability. The Ni
content is sufficient to prevent chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. The Ni in
conjunction with the Mo and Cu, can also provide sufficient corrosion resistance in
reducing environments such as sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The presence of Mo
significantly enhances the resistance of this alloy to localized attack such as pitting
and crevice corrosion. The high Cr content confers superior corrosion resistance to a
variety of oxidizing environments such as nitric acid, nitrates, and oxidizing salts. The
addition of Ti serves, with proper thermal treatment, to stabilize this alloy against
sensitization to intergranular attack. An alternate metal for the inner container is
Alloy 825 with higher Mo content 8 , for which the chemical composition is shown in
Table 2-8. This modification, through increased Mo, is designed to provide enhanced
resistance to localized corrosion.
Alloy 825 possesses good mechanical properties up to moderately high temperatures

(540 0C), beyond which microstructural changes can occur resulting in reduction of
ductility and toughness. This alloy, however, has good impact strength at ambient
temperature, and retains its strength at cryogenic temperatures. The room
temperature tensile properties 7 , some physical constants 7 and thermal properties 7
are presented in Tables 2-9, 2-10 and 2-11, respectively. Modulus of elasticity and
Poisson's ratio over a range of temperature 7 are shown in Table 2-12. This alloy can
be substantially hardened by cold working, as shown in Table 2-9. Thus, the
annealing temperatures are critical in maintaining the high degree of corrosion
resistance in this material. Therefore, annealing should be done for a selected time
7
subsequent to the cold working process. A temperature of 9800C provides a
combination of softness and fine grain structure for deep-drawing temper without
sacrificing corrosion resistance. Quenching, following annealing, is usually not
required for thin cross section such as sheet, strip and wire, but rapid cooling is
desired to prevent sensitization in heavier sections.
Standard machining operations can be readily performed on Alloy 825. In general,

Alloy 825 is considered to possess superior machinability, compared to austenitic Type
316L stainless steel. Stainless steels have been characterized as gummy during
cutting, showing a tendency to produce long, stringy chips, which seize or form a
build-up edge on the tool, thus reducing its life and degrading the surface finish.
Furthermore this grade of material has good weldability by all conventional processes.
This alloy is approved as a material of construction under the Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, and is included in Sections I, III, VIII, and IX of the Code. Table 2-13
lists allowable design stresses9 for pressure vessels covered by Section VIII, Division
1, of the Code. High temperature tensile properties of cold-drawn and annealed Alloy
825 rod 7 are shown in Figure 2-1. Applications of this type of material include
chemical processing, pollution control, oil and gas recovery, nuclear fuel reprocessing,
and handling radioactive wastes. Designations and specifications for Alloy 825 include
the following:
UNS N08825
ASTM B 705
ASME SB 705
DIN 17744, 17750, 17751, 17752 and 17754
Alloy C4 (Hastelloy C-4) 1Alloy C-22 (Hastelloy C-22)
Alloys C-4 and C-22 have been identified to be the alternate metallic materials for the
inner container of the waste package. Alloy C-4 is a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with outstanding
high-temperature stability as evidenced by high ductility and corrosion resistance
even after aging in the 650 to 105000 temperature range. This material resists the
formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ), thus
making it suitable for applications in the as-welded condition. Alloy C-4 has
exceptional corrosion resistance to a wide variety of environments including seawater,
brines, mineral acids, solvents, and organic and inorganic media. In particular, its
resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in these environments is excellent. The
chemical compositionl1 of Alloy C-4 is shown in Table 2-14.
Alloy C-4 can be forged, hot-upset, and impact extruded. Although this alloy tends to
work-harden, it can be successfully deep-drawn, spun, press formed or punched. All of
the common welding methods can be used to weld Alloy C-4, although the oxy-
acetylene and submerged arc processes are not recommended when the fabricated
item is intended for use in corrosive environments.
Wrought forms of Alloy C-4 are generally supplied in the mill-annealed condition
unless otherwise specified. Alloy C-4 is solution annealed at 10660C followed by
8
quenching. Annealing is done after cold working operations to restore ductility and
lower the yield and ultimate tensile strengths. Because of the very low carbon
contents or the presence of stabilizing elements, post-weld thermal treatments are not
required. Intermetallic precipitates such as mu-phase based on the Fe3 Mo 2 structure,
observed with high Ni alloys in the 650 to 1100oC temperature range, have not been
detected in Alloy C-4. Fine intergranular M 6 C carbides can, however, form but their
damaging effect is minimal. The average physical properties 1 0 , dynamic modulus of
elasticity 1 0 , and tensile data 1 0 for plate and weldments are shown in Tables 2-15, 2-
16 and 2-17, respectively. Alloy C-4 plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing and pipe are
covered by ASME specifications SB 574, SB, 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTM
specifications B 574, B 619, B 622 and B 626. In addition, it falls under UNS number
N06455.
Alloy C-22 is a versatile Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with better overall corrosion resistance than
other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys available today. It possesses outstanding resistance to pitting,
crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. It has excellent resistance to oxidizing
aqueous environments including wet chlorine and oxidizing acids with chloride ions.
In particular, its resistance to corrosive damage in environments containing ferric and
cupric chlorides, formic and acetic acids, and seawater and brines is excellent. Alloy C-
22 resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the HAZ, thus rendering it
suitable for applications in the as-welded condition. The chemical composition1 l of
Alloy C-22 is shown in Table 2-18.
Wrought forms of this alloy are generally furnished in the solution annealed
condition. Annealing is done at 11200C followed by water quenching or rapid air
cooling. The average physical properties 1 1 , modulus of elasticity1 1 and tensile data 1 1
are shown in Tables 2-19, 2-20 and 2-2 1, respectively. Alloy C-22 is covered by ASME
Section VIII, Division 1. Plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing, and pipe are covered by
ASME specifications SB 574, SB 575, SB 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTM
specifications B 574, B 575, B 619, B 622 and B 626. DIN specification for this alloy is
17744 No. 2.4602 (all forms), and it falls within the range of UNS number N06022.
Ti Grade 12 / Ti Grade 16
The primary reasons for identifying titanium-base alloys as inner containment barrier
materials stem from their outstanding corrosion resistance, and useful combination of
low density and high strength. One important characteristic of Ti-base materials is
the reversible transformation of the crystal structure from an alpha (hexagonal close-
packed) structure to beta (body-centered cubic) structure when the temperatures
exceed a certain level. This allotropic behavior depends on the type and amount of
alloy contents. Ti alloys can be classified into different categories. Ti Grade 12 and Ti
Grade 16, however, come under the categories of near-alpha and alpha structures,
respectively.
The chemical composition 1 2 of Ti Grade 12 is shown in Table 2-22. This grade of alloy
was developed as a cost-effective alternative to Ti Grade 7 (i.e., Ti-0.159%oPd) for hot
9
brine applications where unalloyed Ti suffered localized attack. The minor additions
of Ni (0.6 to 0.9 wt %) and Mo (0.2 to 0.4 wt %) to Ti Grade 2 to formulate this alloy
ennoble the alloy by shifting the electrochemical potential to more positive values,
thereby promoting stabilization of the protective oxide (TiO 2 ) surface film. They also
provide an added benefit by significantly strengthening the Ti through the
introduction of a small amount of J3 phase into the structure, and through solution
effects.
Heat treatment following cold working is desired for Ti Grade 12. Annealing at
around 7000C is performed 1 3 to produce an optimal combination of ductility,
machinability, and structural stability. Generous amounts of water soluble oil are
recommended to prevent overheating during machining, and to maintain tool life. The
physical constants 1 3 , and room temperature tensile properties 1 3 are shown in Tables
2-23 and 2-24, respectively. High-temperature tensile properties 1 4 of this alloy are
illustrated in Figure 2-2. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of this alloy are shown
in Figure 2-3 as functions of test temperatures 1 4 .
Ti Grade 12 can be hot worked in the temperature range of 850 to 9250C. Surface
contamination is minimized by hot working at the lowest possible temperature, and
the atmosphere should be slightly oxidizing to minimize hydrogen pick-up. This alloy
can be readily formed using the standard techniques employed with other Ti alloys.
With respect to welding, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques similar to those
used for stainless steels are generally employed. Extraordinary measures are to be
taken to assure metal cleanliness and total inert gas shielding during welding.
Matching filler metal is recommended to maintain corrosion resistance. Post-weld
thermal treatment is generally not required. This grade of Ti alloy is covered by
ASTM specifications B 265, B 337, B 338, B 348, B 363 and B 381. ASME 9 has given
code approval to this alloy for Section VIII, Division 1 (Case No. 1843). The UNS
number for this material is R53400.
Although Ti Grade 7, which contains 0.15% Pd, is by far the most corrosion resistant
Ti alloy, high cost stemming from significant Pd content and limited mill product
availability have severely inhibited its use. This has prompted development of Ti
alloys with Pd contents of 0.045 to 0.070 %, thereby reducing alloy mill product prices
by approximately 25%. One such newly developed alloy 15 is m Grade 16, which is
very similar in composition to Ti Grade 2 with an exception that it contains 0.05% Pd.
No significant change in mechanical and physical properties are anticipated due to
this alloy addition. On the contrary, the presence of Pd significantly improves the
corrosion resistance. The chemical composition 15 of this modified grade of Ti alloy is
shown in Table 2-25.
Carbon Steel
A 516 carbon steel16 is recommended as the primary metal for the outer containment
barrier. The outer barrier will be thicker than the inner barrier, and will also have a
functional requirement of containing the radionuclides and attenuating gamma
10
radiation. A steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is
specified or required for major alloying elements such as Cr, Co, Cb, Mo, Ni, Ti, W, V,
Zr, Al or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect. Carbon
steels are generally categorized according to their carbon content. Generally speaking,
carbon steels can be subdivided into four categories: low-carbon, medium-carbon,
high-carbon and ultrahigh-carbon steels. The low-carbon steel being considered for the
fabrication of outer containment barrier is covered by ASTM Specification A 516, that
includes pressure vessel plate steels of various thickness with four strength levels.
The chemical composition 1 6 of grade 55, A 516 steel is shown in Table 2-26.
Pressure vessel and boiler materials presently covered by ASTM Specification A 516
were previously 19 covered by ASTM Specification A-212. However, extensive
experimental data are available on these materials produced under this now obsolete
specification. These data can, therefore, be used as a guide until sufficient data -are
generated for materials produced under the A 516 specification. The room-
temperature tensile properties 1 6 of Grade 55, A 516 steel are shown in Table 2-27.
Since the physical and thermal properties of A 516 steel at this strength level are not
available as a function of temperature, data have been presented here on AISI 1020
steel for which the chemical composition is very similar to A 516 steel with an
exception of the presence of silicon (Si) in A 516 material. Thermal properties
including specific heat1 7 , and physical constants 1 7 ,1 8 at various temperatures for
AISI 1020 carbon steel are shown in Tables 2-28, 2-29 and 2-30, respectively. Table 2-
31 shows the transverse tensile properties of A 212B carbon steel having chemical
composition 1 9 within the compositional range of A 516 plate steel.
Both hot and cold forming can be done to form A 516 Grade 55 steel. Cold forming
should be done at temperatures not less than 380C. Flame cutting can be done
provided the material is preheated. to 930C and the cut edge subsequently ground to
bright metal. Welding1 9 of this grade of material should include a preheat and
interpass temperature of 930C for plate thickness greater than 1-1/4 inches, and for
all thickness when the metal temperature is below 150C. This material needs stress
relief following welding, by heating to 6000C, holding 1 hour per inch of thickness,
and cooling at the rate of 500C per hour to 3000C followed by air cooling. A low alloy
filler metal is generally recommended for meeting the mechanical properties
requirements. The general procedure is to match the filler metal with the base metal
in terms of strength.
In addition to wrought carbon steel (i.e., A 516), cast carbon steel such as A 27 Grade
60-30 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containment barrier.
The chemical composition 2 0 and the tensile properties requirements 2 0 of this grade of
carbon steel casting are shown in Tables 2-32 and 2-33, respectively. This material,
which is covered by ASTM Standard A 2720, should be thermally treated by full
annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering.
11
2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steel
A steel containing 2-1/4% Cr and 1% Mo steel has been identified as an alternate

material for the waste package outer container. This material is a low-carbon, low-
alloy ferritic steel that has excellent creep-resistance properties at temperatures up to
6000C. This material is extensively used in the utility industry for fabricating parts
for boilers and pressure vessels where temperatures typically range between 500 and
6000C. This material has been known to possess very high allowable design stresses
at temperatures exceeding 5650C. It has a high degree of microstructural stability,
and possesses excellent formability and weldability. In addition, it has good resistance
to aqueous corrosion in terms of both weight-loss, and cracking susceptibility. This
material tends to form a fairly adherent oxide film under high-temperature steam or
water exposure, with an oxidation rate2 2 which is parabolic with time. This grade of
alloy is highly resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking, and is almost immune to
stress corrosion cracking in aqueous solution containing 5% NaOH. The chemical
composition 2 1 , and tensile properties requirements of Grade 22, ASTM A 387 steel
are shown in Tables 2-34 and 2-35, respectively.
This material is primarily used in the annealed, normalized-and-tempered, and

quenched-and-tempered conditions. For annealing, the material is austenitized at
temperatures ranging between 870 and 9300C followed by furnace cooling. A 2-hour
hold at 7000C is sometimes used. For normalizing, austenitizing is done at
temperatures of 900 to 9500C followed by an air cooling. Tempering is conducted at
580 to 7700C. Instead of air cooling, accelerated liquid spray cooling is sometimes
practiced after tempering for sections thicker than four inches. For quenching, this
alloy is austenitized at temperatures between 950 and 9800C followed by an oil
quench. Tempering is done at 565 to 6750C. Typical holding times at the desired
temperatures are one hour per inch of section thickness.
The microstructure of annealed 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel is predominantly ferrite with

dispersed carbides and pearlite and possibly bainite. Molybdenum carbides, mainly of
type M 2 C, are responsible for providing the desired creep-rupture properties under all
heat-treated conditions. A disadvantage of this material is that it is prone to temper
embrittlement when exposed in the temperature range of 300 to 5000C, or when
subjected to slow cooling from 600 to 3000C. An associated effect of temper
embrittlement of this material is the reduction of resistance to hydrogen
embrittlement.
The thermal properties 2 2 , physical constants 2 2 , and tensile properties 2 2 of 2-1/4 Cr -

1 Mo steel at various test temperatures are shown in Tables 2-36, 2-37 and 2-38,
respectively. Since no information is available on the specific heat of this material at
various temperatures, specific heat values of 1 Cr - 1/2 Mo steel 18 at different
temperatures are shown in Table 2-39. Weldability of low alloy steel such as 2-1/4 Cr -
1 Mo decreases as yield strength increases. However, for all practical purposes,
welding this material is the same as welding plain carbon steels that have similar
12
carbon equivalents. Preheating may sometimes be required, but postheating is almost
never required. This material is covered by ASTM Specification 2 1 A 387 / A 387M -
90a.
Alloy 400
Alloy 400 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containment
barrier of a waste package exposed to a wet environment. Monel nickel-copper Alloy
400 is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. It has high
strength and toughness over a wide range of temperature. In addition, its resistance
to many corrosive environments is excellent. The chemical composition 2 3 ' 2 4 of Alloy
400 is shown in Table 2-40. The cold-worked material requires a low-temperature
annealing (760-8150C) to develop the optimum combinations of strength and ductility,
and to ensure dimensional stability following machining. Annealing should be
conducted 2 3 in a sulfur-free, reducing atmosphere, since this material may undergo
sulfur embrittlement in a sulfurous atmosphere. The tensile properties 2 3 , and
physical constants2 4 of Alloy 400 plate material at ambient temperature are shown in
Tables 2-41 and 2-42, respectively. The thermal properties 2 3 , and high temperature
tensile properties 2 4 of Alloy 400 are shown in Tables 2-43 and 2-44, respectively.
Alloy 400 does not undergo ductile-brittle transition even when cooled to the
temperature of liquid hydrogen.
Alloy 400 can be readily hot and cold worked. Hot working should be conducted in the
temperature range of 925 - 11500C. This material can be readily machined. However,
due to its high toughness, cutting speeds are somewhat slower than those for carbon
steel. Virtually any lubricant or coolant, or none at all, can be used in machining
Monel alloys. Welding of Alloy 400 can be done readily by both gas and electric
methods. Gas welding is done with the aid of a special flux. Flux-coated welding rods
should be used for arc-welded joints. Electric seam welding is adaptable for joining
thin sheets.
Monel Alloy 400 is resistant to most alkalies, salts, waters, organic substances, and
atmospheric conditions, both at normal and elevated temperatures. In particular, its
corrosion resistance in reducing chemical environments, and in sea water is excellent.
However, this material is highly susceptible to corrosive attack in solutions of ferric,
stannic, and mercuric salts due to their strongly oxidizing nature. Furthermore, this
alloy has limited usefulness in oxidizing acids such as nitric and nitrous acids. Also,
molten sulfur attacks this material at temperatures above 2600C. Alloy 400 is covered
by ASTM Specification 2 5 B 127 - 91.
Alloy C71500
Alloy C71500, commonly known as 70/30 cupronickel, is the most commonly used
copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy. This alloy has been identified to be the alternate material
for fabricating the outer barrier of the defense HLW glass disposal container. Its
combination of desired strength, even at slightly elevated temperatures, formability,
13
weldability, and exceptional corrosion resistance make this alloy a natural choice for
applications requiring sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. Its excellent
resistance to corrosion from sea water and processing fluids has made this material
the alloy of choice for heat-exchanger applications of all kinds. The chemical
composition 2 4 of wrought C71500 alloy is shown in Table 2-45. Flat products of Alloy
C71500 are covered by ASTM Specification 2 6 B 171/B 171M - 91a.
The Cu-Ni alloys offer a wide range of tensile properties in both annealed and cold-
worked or heat treated conditions. The typical physical properties2 7 -2 9 , and tensile
properties 2 7 of wrought annealed plate of C71500 material are shown in Tables 2-46
and 2-47, respectively. This alloy can retain its strength at somewhat elevated
temperatures. The high-temperature tensile properties 2 8 are shown in Table 2-49.
Table 2-48 shows the thermal conductivity 2 7 of Alloy C71500 at elevated
temperatures.
The Cu-Ni alloys can be readily hot worked using conventional methods such as
rolling, forging, pressing, and extrusion. Alloy C71500, however, requires relatively
higher extrusion pressure compared to other Cu-Ni alloys. The wrought Cu-Ni alloys
generally do not work harden rapidly; thus they need conventional cold working to
work harden. The combination of cold working and annealing are used to control the
grain size, and the desired mechanical properties of these alloys. The annealing
temperature depends upon several variables including alloy composition, the degree of
cold work, and the properties desired. Annealing should be done in an inert
atmosphere to minimize oxidation, thus improving the surface finish.
Alloy C71500 can be readily welded using shielded metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc, gas
metal-arc, and resistance welding processes. Welding is done using ERCuNi electrode
wire. This alloy can be machined readily provided the tool configuration, cutting
speeds and feeds, and cutting fluids are properly selected. Descaling of Alloy C71500
is performed by pickling in oxidizing acids.
Borated 316 Stainless Steel
Austenitic stainless steel containing boron (B) is used in the nuclear industry for
criticality control, transportation casks, and spent fuel storage racks. The addition of
either natural or enriched boron to stainless steel increases its thermal neutron
absorption capability due to the presence of 1 0 B isotope. Depending upon attenuation
requirements, up to 2.5% boron may be added to austenitic stainless steel such as
Type 304. However, increasing the boron content beyond 0.74% results in the
reduction of ductility and impact resistance. Therefore, it is desirable to use borated
stainless steel that possesses both neutron attenuation properties and adequate
ductility and impact toughness.
Borated stainless steels are covered by ASTM specification 3 0 A 887 - 89, that includes
both conventional (Grade B) and improved (Grade A) types of berated Type 304
austenitic stainless steels. The chemical composition requirements 3 0 for both Grades
14
A and B at a given boron content are shown in Table 2-50. While borated Type 316
stainless steel has been identified as the basket criticality material, the current ASTM
specification 3 0 does not cover the boron-containing Type 316 austenitic stainless
steel. Type 316 contains somewhat reduced nickel and chromium, compared to Type
304, but has some molybdenum in it. While a borated type 304 stainless steel can be
used for criticality control, a Type 316 stainless steel containing boron would be
preferred due to its improved resistance to localized corrosion in the presence of
chlorides.
The key to the improved hot workability of Grade A borated stainless steel is the
development of a microstructure consisting of a uniform dispersion of very fine
borides. The fine uniform boride distribution also accounts for the improved room
temperature ductility that allows the Grade A material to be cold worked more
severely than the Grade B at a given boron content. The fabricability of the Grade A
steel is superior to the Grade B in a number of areas, including machining and
welding. In general, the berated Type 304 stainless steels are readily weldable using
conventional stainless steel welding consumable such as AWS EIER Type 308-L for
thin sections, and AWS E/ER type 309-L for sections thicker than 0.25 inch. The
ambient temperature mechanical properties 3 0 are shown in Table 2-51. Tables 2-52
and 2-53 show a comparison of typical mechanical properties 3 l of the Grades A and B
borated Type 304 stainless steels (manufactured by Carpenter Technology
Corporation) at ambient temperature and 3500C, respectively.
With regard to the neutron attenuation, it has been theorized that the Grade A
material with a finely dispersed boride structure will be more effective in attenuating
the neutrons than the coarser, less uniformly dispersed borides in the Grade B
material. Having finer borides reduces the probability that a neutron can penetrate
the material without striking a boride particle. Since no ASTM or any other
specification is currently available on borated Type 316 stainless steel, it appears
appropriate to encourage stainless steel manufacturers such as Carpenter Technology
Corporation to develop a specification on this type of material.
Aluminum-Boron Alloy
Aluminum-boron alloys possess neutronic properties similar to those of boron-loaded

stainless steel. One such alloy, commercially known as Alboron and manufactured by
Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., is composed of 1100 series Aluminum and enriched
boron. Alboron can, however be made using various aluminum alloys depending on
the desired properties, Natural boron's excellent ability to capture neutrons is due to
the presence of '0B isotope, which occurs at approximately 18 weight percent in
natural boron, the remainder being the "B isotope. The ' 0B enrichment in Alboron is
about 95 weight percent. ' 0B isotope has a large thermal neutron absorption cross
section. Accordingly, this alloy has been identified as an alternate material to be used
in baskets for criticality control.
Alboron 3 2 is an alloy composed of Al13 2 blended with aluminum to achieve a desired

boron concentration not exceeding 5.0 weight percent. Above 4.5 weight percent of
15
boron, however, Alboron becomes brittle due to AIB2 bonding with aluminum. The
chemical composition 3 2 of this alloy is shown in Table 2-54. Alboron containing 4.5
weight percent boron can have a yield strength of about half that of martensitic type
416 stainless steel. Aluminum alloys can be strengthened by age hardening for heat
treatable alloys, and dispersion strengthening for non-heat treatable alloys. Age
hardened aluminum alloy has a tensile strength similar to annealed austenitic type
304 stainless steel, and a yield strength of approximately 73 ksi, about twice that of
Type 304 stainless steel. The physical constants 3 2 at different temperatures are
shown in Table 2-55.
Alboron, having properties of aluminum, is readily molded and extruded.

Furthermore, ease in shaping, welding, forming, pressing, and milling are features
making this material desirable. Alboron is considerably less costly than stainless steel
while achieving similar strength at half the weight.
BORAL
Boral 3 3 is another material under consideration for use in baskets as a criticality

control material. It is a precision-hot-rolled, composite plate material consisting of a
core of mixed aluminum and boron carbide particles with aluminum cladding on both
sides. It has received wide use in the nuclear industry, as control blades in research
reactors and as criticality control materials in spent fuel pools. Its properties are
shown in Tables 2-56, 2-57, and 2-58.
Alloy 6063
Aluminum alloy 6063 is being considered for enhancing the thermal conductivity of
the basket criticality control material by using a sandwiched structure of borated
Type 316 stainless steel and 6063 aluminum alloy. Alloy 6063 is a heat treatable Al-
Mg-Si alloy, in which hardening is achieved by the finely divided precipitation of the
stoichiometric compound Mg 2 Si, which is a stable 13-phase of the equilibrium diagram.
Thermal treatment involves solution annealing at 5200C, followed by aging at 1750C
for 3 to 8 hours. The chemical composition 3 4 of Alloy 6063 is shown in Table 2-59.
This material is covered by ASTM Specification 3 4 : B 221/B 221M - 92a.
Aluminum alloys are designated by a system based on the sequences of mechanical or

thermal treatment, or both, to produce various tempers. For example, 6063-T6
represents a group of Al-Mg-Si alloy products that are not cold worked after solution
heat treatment, and for which mechanical properties or dimensional stability, or both,
have been substantially improved by precipitation heat treatment. The physical
properties 2 9 ,3 5 of Alloy 6063-T6 at ambient temperature are shown in Table 2-60.
Alloy 6063 has an excellent extrudability, which is generally measured in terms of the
maximum extrusion rate achievable without compromising material integrity or
surface finish. The use of nittided dies and small bearing surfaces help in obtaining
desired surface finish at high extrusion velocities. Alloy 6063, however, has relatively
16
poor machinability due to its lower hardness. This alloy is readily weldable. Gas
tungsten arc, or gas metal arc welding may be used, and postweld thermal treatment
is generally not needed.
Alloy 6063 has an excellent corrosion resistance, in particular, resistance to general

corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in seawater in the presence of oxygen at pH
ranging between 4.5 and 8. In addition, this material is found to possess sufficient
resistance to swelling when subjected to neutron irradiation. The elevated
temperature tensile properties 3 5 , and thermal expansion coefficients at various
temperatures 2 9 for Alloy 6063 are shown in Tables 2-61 and 2-62, respectively.
Depleted Uranium
The function of the shield plug is to reduce the radiation dose so that the radiation
workers can install the remote MPC lid closure device, namely the automatic welding
apparatus. Thus, the plug material should be effective in shielding both gamma and
neutron radiation. Since the shield plug has no specific function relative to
containment, the use of depleted uranium with stainless steel sheathing has been
suggested for the shield plug. These materials are compatible with the structural
component. Also, the presence of uranium could reduce the corrosion rate of SNF,
since it introduces uranium cations into solution which retards the U0 2 dissolution
process. It is also a potential method of disposing of slightly contaminated uranium in
the government stockpile.
High Purity Iron
The filler material may be needed to provide enhanced heat transfer, criticality
control, and chemical buffering. The currently preferred material is a size-graded high
purity iron shot, which would fill a substantial percentage of the space in and around
the spent fuel assemblies to assist in the transfer of heat from the fuel rods, preclude
the need for assuming complete water inundation of the SNF in criticality
calculations, and provide chemical buffering of any water that enters the canister.
3. Degraded Materials Properties
The data presented in the tables and figures of Section 6 of this volume apply to
materials as received from suppliers and numerous literature. Over long time periods
in the repository, it is expected that some degradation of properties will occur.
Modeling of this degradation is one of the topics to be covered in Volume 3 of this
report. This work is currently in its early stages, and progress will depend on
obtaining results from long-term testing.
17
4. Final Remarks
The Waste Package Plan 3 6 and the Waste Package Implementation Plan' describe the
process for waste package materials selection for designs different from those
described in this revision of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report. As
discussed in the above documents, different EBS concepts requiring different waste
package designs will necessitate revisiting both the materials selection criteria and
the materials selection process using selection criteria that are revised as needed.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian
Radioactive Waste Management, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Office, Las
Vegas, NV, and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-
48 and by TRW Environmental Safety Systems Inc. under contract number DE-AC01-
RW00134.
5. References:
1. 'Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Waste Package Implementation

Plan," YMP/92-11, Rev. 0, ICN 2, September 1993.
2. "Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel

Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels," ASME Specification: SA - 240, 1990.
3. "Properties and Selection : Irons, Steels, and High - Performance Alloys," Metals
Handbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.
4. "316 Stainless," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue

University.
5. "Standard Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS N06625 and N08825) Welded Pipe,"
ASTM Designation: B 705 - 82.
6. "Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS N06625 and N08825) Welded Pipe," ASME
Specification: SB - 705, 1993.
7. "INCOLOY alloy 825," INCO Alloys International Technical Brochure, Publication

No. IAI - 32, Second Edition, 1992.
8. Private communication with R. D. McCright, LLNL, June 1994.
9. Sections I, III, VIII, and IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
10. "HASTELLOY Alloy C - 4," HAYNES International Technical Information,

Publication No. H - 2007A, 1988.
11. "HASTELLOY C - 22 Alloy," HAYNES International Technical Information,

Publication No. H - 2019D.
12. "Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate,"
ASTM Designation: B 265 - 90.
13. "TiCode - 12," Alloy Digest, February 1979.
14. "Crevice corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of ASTM Grade 12

Titanium Alloy," KOBELCO Technology Review, No. 6, August 1989.
15. "A cost - optimized Ti - Pd Alloy (Ti - 0.05 Pd)," RMI Titanium Company Technical
Data Sheet.
16. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate and
Lower Temperature Service," ASTM Designation: A 516 / A 516M - 90.
19
17. "Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys," Metals
Handbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.
18. "Introduction to Heat Transfer," F. P. Incropera and D. P. Dewitt, John Wiley and
Sons Publisher.
19. "A - 515, A - 516 Steel," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS /
Purdue University.
20. "Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application,"
ASTM Designation: A 27/ A 27M - 91.
21. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum," ASTM Designation: A 387 I A 387M - 90a.
22. "2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steels," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS /

Purdue University.
23. "Monel Alloy 400," Alloy Digest, July 1964.
24. "Monel Alloy 400," Huntington Alloys.
25. "Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, and
Strip," ASTM Designation: B 127 - 91.
26. "Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels,
Condensers and Heat Exchangers," ASTM Designation: B 171 / B 171M -91a.
27. "Cu - Ni Alloys," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue
University.
28. "Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys under Consideration for Nuclear Waste
Containers", A. Cohen and W. S. Lyman, Copper Development Association Inc., July
1986.
29. "Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special - Purpose Materials,"
Metals Handbook, Volume 2, Tenth Edition.
30. "Standard specification for borated stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for
nuclear application," ASTM Designation: A 887 - 89.
31. "Carpenter Neutrosorb and Carpenter Neutrosorb PLUS borated stainless steels,"
R. S. Brown, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Reading, PA.
32. "Presentation on Enriched Borated Aluminum," Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.
33. "BORAL, the Proven Neutron Absorber: General Information Bulletin-O.1," AAR
Advanced Structures, Livonia, MI (1994)
20
34. "Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods,
Wire, Shapes, and Tubes," ASTM Designation: B 221/B 221M - 92a.
35. "6063, 6463 Aluminum," Structural Alloys Handbook, December 1988, Compiled
ASM Specialty Handbook.
36. "Waste Package Plan," YMP 90-62, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
Office, Las Vegas, NV (1990)
21
6. Tables and Figures
TABLE 1-6
CANDIDATE MATERIALS FOR MULTI-BARRIER CONTAINERS

CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS
UINS Nnmher Common or Commmrdal Name ASMd Number Nominal Compoition

Nickel-rich Stainless Alloys
N08825 Alloy 825, Incoloy 825 B 424 (plate) Ni 38.0-46.0; Cr 19.5-23.5; Mo 2.5-3.5; Fe balance;
Cu 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.2; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.05 max;
Si 0.5 max; S 0.03 max; Al 0.2 max
N08221 Alloy 825hMo, NiCrFe 4221 B 424 (plate) Ni 39.0-46.0; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 5.0-6.5; Fe balance;
Cu 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.0; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.025 max;
Si 0.5 max; S 0.03 max; Al 0.2 max
......................... _----_._ -.------.-..--.- _--- _ ---.- _-.--_-....----.--------_.------....--------_._._--.-.----.-.---.-_...
.... _..................._._ ..........
Nickel-base Alloys
N06022 Alloy C-22, Hastelloy c-22 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 12.5-14.5; Fe 2.0-6.0;
W 2.5-3.5; Co 2.5 max; Mn 0.5 max; C 0.015 max;
Si 0.08 max; V 0.35 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.02 max
N06455 Alloy C-4, Hastelloy C-4 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 14.0-18.0; Mo 14.0-17.0; Fe 3.0 max;
Co 2.0 max; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.015 max;
Si 0.08 max; Ti 0.7 max; 8 0.03 max; P 0.04 max
..................... . .. ... ..... ._ _.........
..... .... . .. .......... . .. . . . ...................................
. .. ..... . ... . .... ...... ... .. . .... . .. .. ..........
Tianium
R53400 Ti-Grade 12 B 265 Grade 12 Ni 0.6-0.9; Mo 0.2-0.4; N 0.03 max; C 0.08 max;
H 0.015 max; Fe 0.3 max; 0 0.25 max; Ti balance
None to date Ti-Grade 16 none to date 0.05 Pd; 0.1 Ru; Ti balance
....
................... .................................. .... ...... . .... . ._ ............ .- ............ _........ . ........... . ... .. _-. ......................
For comparison to (and possible replacement for) UNS N08221:

(Note that other similar Ni-base alloys may also be considered here.)
N06030 Alloy G-30; Hastelloy G-30 B 582 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 28.0-31.5; Mo 4.0-6.0; Fe 13.0-17.0; W
Co 5.0 max; Cu 1.0-2.4; Nb+Ta 0.3-1.5; Mn 1.5 max;
C 0.03 max; Si 0.8 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.04max
TABLE 14 (Cont.)
CANDMATE MATERTALS EQR MULTT-13ARRIER CONTAIURS
MODERATELTY CORROSION RESISTANT or "wNTERMan 1TiATE" MArs TRALaS

(performance between corrosion allowance and corrosion resitant)
UJNS Number -Common or Commercial Na~me ASTM Number - Nominal Compoeition
Copper and Nickel Alloys
N04400 Alloy 400, Monel 400 B 127 (plate) Ni 63.0 min; Cu 28.0-34.0; Fe 2.5 max; Mn 2.0 max;
C 0.03 max; Si 0.5 max; Si 0.5 max; S 0.024 max
C71500 70-30 Copper Nickel,CDA 715 B 171 (plate) Ni 29.0-33.0; Cu balance; Mn 1.0 max; Pb 0.02 max;
Fe 0.4-1.0; Zn 0.5 max; C 0.05 max; P 0.02 max; S 0
CORROSION ALLOWANCE MATERIALS
Carbon and Allob Steels

G10200 1020 Carbon Steel A 516(Grade 55) C 0.22 max; Mn 0.6-1.20; P 0.035 max; S 0.04 max;
Si 0.15-0.40; Fe remainder
J02501 Centrifugally Cast Steel A 27(Grade 70-40) C 0.25 max; Mn 1.20 max; P 0.050 max; S 0.060 ma:
Si 0.80 max; Fe remainder
K21590 2_Cr-lMo Alloy Steel A 387(Grade 22) C 0.15 max; Mn 0.3-0.6; P 0.035 max; S 0.035 max;
Si 0.5 max; Cr 2.00-2.60; Mo 0.90-1.10; Fe remainde
Table 2-1
Chemical Composition of Type 316L Stainless Steel* (Weight %)2
C: 0.03 (max)
Mn: 2.00 (max)
P: 0.045 (max)
S: 0.03 (max)
Si: 0.75 (max)
Cr: 16.00 -18.00
Ni: 10.00- 14.00
Mo: 2.00 -3.00
N: 0.10 (max)
Fe: Balance
*For 316LN9 Stainless Steel 2 , Nitrogen (N) content will range between 0.10 and 0.16 wt%
*For 3I6NG Stainless Steel 2 , Carbon (C) content will be 0.02 wt%.
Table 2-2
Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Type 31 6L Stainless Steel3
Condition 0.2% Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction in Hardness

(ksi)_____ (si1 ___ Area.% 1R
Cold Finished 45 90 30 40 NA
(Wire)
Cold Fiished & 45 90 30 40 NA
Annealed Bar(a)
Cold Finished & 25 70 30 40 NA
Annealed Bar~b)
Hot Finished & 25 70 40 50 95 (max)
Annealed Bar
Annealed Forging 25 65 40 50 NA
Annealed Wire 25 70 35 50 NA
Annealed Plate, 25 70 40 NA 95 (max)
Sheet or Stnip*
NA : Not available
(a) Up to 0.5" thick
(b) Over 0.5" thick
*Recommended condition.
23
Table 2-3
Thermal Properties of Type 316L Stainless Steel 3 ' 4
I Tvnarats IIIV
_:III)UVi4dtiC
/VN{
.I
'TIhnrnlnI (NA
I lLlilttJl
.ntiit,, ( W-nt
TV III .
VIItItIlIVlY
t
I I
I tnn~firiln
.J.II.-P-WIIt
NFnnn
Ws
--
l-^AJ(IEIIJjII
-
300 13.4 8.2 x 10-6

400 15.2
600 18.3
800 21.3
1000 24.2
Table 2-4
Physical Constants of Type 31 6L Stainless Steel 3 ' 4
Temperature (K) Specific Heat (J/k. K) Emissivity* Young's Modulus* Poisson's Ratio*
300 468 0.09 28.3 x 1o6 psi 0.25

(195 GPa)
400 504 0.10
600 550
800 576
1000 602
* For Type 316 Stainless Steel ; Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel. Values for Young'"
Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Type 316 Stainless Steel were obtained from Carpenter Technology
24
Table 2-5
Physical Properties of Annealed Type 316 Stainless Steel at various temperatures 4
Temperature Density* Diffusivity* Electrical Resistivity*

(OF) (lb/ in3 ) ( ft 2 /hr) (PQ.cm)
68 0.2873 0.143 74
200 0.2861 0.144 79
400 0.2846 0.148 87
600 0.2829 0.158 93
800 0.2813 0.167 99
1000 0.2796 0.173 104
1200 0.2779 0.188 110
* Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel
Table 2-6
Tensile Properties of Types 316 & 316L Stainless Steels at various temperatures 4
Temperature (OF) Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation Percent
316 316L 316 316L 316 316L
Room 84 82 45 42 40 42
400 72 72 30 30
800 62 60 25 22 15 22
1200 60 56 22 19 18 20
1600 25 23 15 10 15 35
25
Table 2-7
Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 (Weight %)5,6
Carbon (C): 0.05 (max)

Manganese (Mn): 1.0 (max)
Sulfur (S): 0.03 (max)
Silicon (Si): 0.50 (max)
Chromium (Cr): 19.5 - 23.5
Nickel (Ni): 38.0 - 46.0
Molybdenum (Mo): 2.50 - 3.50
Copper (Cu): 1.50- 3.00
Titanium (Ti): 0.60- 1.20
Aluminum (Al): 0.20 (max)
Iron (Fe): 22.00 (min)
Table 2-8
Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 with higher Mo (Weight%) 8
C: 0.025 (max)
Mn: 1.00 (max)
S: 0.03 (max)
Si: 0.50 (max)
Cr: 20.5 - 22.0
Ni: 36.0 - 46.0
Mo: 5.00 - 6.50
Cu: 1.50 - 3.00
Ti: 0.60- 1.00
Al: 0.20 (max)
Fe: Balance
Table 2-9
Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties of Alloy 8257
Tensile Strength Yleld S h Elongation,
Forn and Condition 1000 psi MPa 1000 pslI MNP

Tubing. Annealed 112 772 64 441 36
TubingColdDfawn 145 1000 129 889 I5
Bar, Annealed 100 690 47 324 45
Plate, Annealed 96 662 49 338 45
Sheet Annealed 110 758. 61 421 39
26
Table 2-10
Physical Constants for Alloy 8257
DensityIbrnm .............. 0.294

MgIm. 8.14
Melling Range, F.25002550
C ............ 1370-1400
Specilk Heal, BtuF .F..... 0.105
g..C. U
Curie Temperature. *F.<-320
C ..... <-196
Fermeabiyat 200oersted (15.9 kAm) . ... 1.005
Table 2-11
Thermal Properties of Alloy 8257*
Temper- Coefficient Thermal Eletrical

ature of Expansions Conductivity Resistivt
*F t1-lO-lnlin- F Btu-n/lft-h-F ohm-ircmilltt
-250 - 55 -
-200 - 59 -
-100 - 66 -
0 - 72.6 -
78 - 76.5 678
100 - 78.4 680
200 7.8 85.0 687
400 8.3 97.5 710
600 8.5 109.6 728
800 8.7 119.7 751
1000 8.8 130.9 761
1200 9.1 141.8 762
1400 95 154.9 765
1600 9.7 171.6 775
1600 - 192.0 782
2000 _ - 793
___ pmilm-.C WIm-OC jnli
-150 - 7.9 _
-100 - 5.9 _
0 - 10.7 _
25 - 11.1 1.13
100 14.1 12.3 1.14
200 14.8 13.8 1.18
300 15.3 15.4 1.21
400 15.6 16.9 124
500 15.8 18.2 126
600 16.0 19.6 1.27
700 16.7 21.2 1.27
800 17.3 23.1 128
900 - 25.5 129
1000 _- 1.30
*Emissivity data are not available. 'MeancoericientoflinearexpansionbehoenS0F7Ciandtemperature
shown.
27
Table 2-12
Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Alloy 8257
Temper- Young's Shear

aure moduhis Moduhls Poisson's
*F 10 ps 10__
73 29.8 10.51 0.42
200 29.2 10.28 0.42
400 28.2 9.87 0.43
600 27.2 9.48 0.43
BO0 261 9.04 0.44
1000 25.0 8.60 0.45
1200 23.8 8.13 0-46
1400 22.5 7.64 0.47
1600 20.9 7.12 0.47
1800 19.0 6.48 0.47
2000 16.8 5.58 0.51
*C GPa GPa Poisson's

Ratio
23 206 72n5 0.42
100 201 70.7 0.42
200 195 682 0.43
300 188 65.6 0.43
400 181 63-2 0.43
500 175 60.3 0.45
600 168 57.5 0.46
700 160 54.5 0.47
E00 151 51.4 0.47
900 141 48.0 Q47
1000 128 43.7 0.46
Table 2-13
Design Stresses for Alloy 825, from ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 7
1Jaximum Maimum Alimthb1Sumes

Metal
Tjperature Standard Cmon olr
*F _ psi UPa psI MPa
100 38 21200 146.1 21200 146.1
200 93 21200 141.1 21200 146.1
300 149 20400 140.6 21200 146.1
400 204 19200 132.3 21200 146.1
sao 260 18300 126.1 21200 146.1
600 316 17800 122.7 21 20D 146.1
650 343 17600 121.3 21100 145.4
700 371 17300 1192 21000 144.7
750 39 172D0 1 . 20900 144.1
800 427 1710 117.9 2080 143.4
850 454 16900 116.5 20600 142.0
900 482 16800 115.8 20500 141.3
950 510 16700 115.1 20100 138S5
1000 538 16600 114.4 19700 135.8
These higher strss iu rofup to90% of yield strength at temperature may
be used where slightiy greater debrmnbon is aeptabmp These stresses may
res* in dimensional hanges due to permanent strin and are not recom-
mended tor applicatwns such as flanges dgasketed joint
28
ShMSs.
X psi Elf on.%
Figure 2-1 - High Temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed Alloy 825 Bar 7
29
Table 2-14
Chemical Composition of Alloy C-4 (Weight %)10I
C: 0.01 (max)
Mn: 1.00 (max)
P: 0.025 (max)
S: 0.010 (max)
Si: 0.08 (max)
Cr: 14.00-18.00
Mo: 14.00 - 17.00
Co: 2.00 (max)
Ti: 0.70 (max)
Fe: 3.00 (max)
Ni: Balance
Table 2-15
Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-4IO*
P'ww T e _lw.29
7 6'..h 4Mis 1ee. IC U% vI
1a 031 l6491n'
tf". 20
74 AS IfauhnH& 22 1.25nm09hM
Ubt 77 ^4 1-~~
nelmk ~~~
2S t t2- whng
212 4 3 n
ahw IBM 1.2S s
212 49-6 HfmOh4k 200 1.26 .adwn
572 499 xe 127tt 111ma
152 902 Mfuw . 400 1. .. lrn-e
1t32 501 S00 121 nadniw
1112 Iii Aniawauk. 600 132 ?WchItne
MIemCOIha..l 61200 60 m f 2043 a 10-mm-K
s10
m
U66-40 e F 20004 11.9 x 10l%m-K
61U400 7 0 fmw.encn...F 20.316 126 x lK rmK
6S. I72 n f 20427 130 x t0-mnwwK
661000 7's m~a~ds
e hu. 2052 13 lOes-K
68-1200 75 0ndwsrO-f 20449 12S * l0-% l
61400 0 lwsA.F 20.760 144 X 10 %,e-K
66-1600 635 fwha...
20J71 141 x 10KInw-K
611e6 0 7 _. f&-F 20962 15.7 a 10'mln'K
Theui 74 70 6hni1.'4..1 223 10l1 100"
212 79 IhnALt24w-F 100 11.4 Wtn-K
1
212 12 Stw-iAI- 4w- 200 13 2 Whn4
512 10W Bt6 ttAL F xe0 IS 0 Wl.K
752 ISI lk.ALt4.4f 400 16 7 W.Vn-K
n72 121 StOi.h fL'-F 500 i04A whnK
1112 1425if4t.14w4-F 600 20SWiK
Sewqcdc1N# 322 6061 8wft.S 0 40 .LsqK
212 0 102BUM -F 100 4271Jl
S22 0107111A.P 200 '4.159-K
572 0 IIIl bwF 300 465Jh 9 -K
752 011 1s8t-F 400 477J56 .K
932 01 7Btu -IF 50 49O.J14-K
1112 0120Ur.^ -IF 600 502J.gK
7x1 74 a0W ... c 23 298 10-e
212 OOOSAw1c. 100 31x 10f1-Whi
36? 0 Ms0...'w 200 33 . Io-W4
572 0006 ..'se 300 3 7 10o-m5
752 0006. 4ee 400 40a 10.--',s
132 07Oa'? 500 * .10'ICt,
3
t3 2 0 0I. ah 600
Gc Ay . Iom--
*Emissivity data are not available
3()
Table 2-16
Average Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity for Alloy C-4 1 0
Test Temp., Average Dynamic Modulus of

Form Condition OF (C) Elasticity, 106 psi IGPa)
Plate. l/in. Heat-treated Room 30.8 (211)
(12.7mm) thick at 19500F 200 (93) 30.2 (207)
(1066 C).
rapid quenched 400 (204) 29.3 (201)
600 (316) 28.3 (194)
800 (427) 27.3 (187)
1000 (538) 26.2 (179)
1200 (649) 25.0 (171)
1400 (760) 23.7 (162)
1600 (871) 22.2 (152)
1800 (982) 20.6 (141)
*Awerage eo 1hree sts at each teIperature.
Table 2.17
Average Tensile Data, Sheet and Plate for Alloy C-4 1 0
Ultimate Yield Elongation

Test Tensile Strength at in 2 in.
Temp., Strength, 0.2% offset. (50.8mml
Form Condition OF (OC) Ksi IMPa) Ksi (MPa) percent
n U
Sheet. 0.125 in. Aged 100 hrs. Room 114.6 (790) 54.6 (376) 56
(3.2mm) thick at 1650OF 400 (204) 103.2 (712) 47.1 (325) 54
(899C)
600 (316) 99.5 (686) 43.1 (297) 57
800 (427) 97.0 (669) 40.6 (280) 60
1000 (5381 93.3 (643) 39.9 (275) 57
1200 (649) .
86.6 (597) 37.2 (256) 56
1400 (760) 76.2 (525) 36.3 (250) -
56
Plate, in. Aged 100 hrs. Room 111.8 (771) 48.7 (336) 62
(9.5mm) thick at 1650'F 400 (204) 100.6 (694)
(899C 39.5 (272) 51
600 1316) 98.0 (676) 37.0 (255) 56
800 (427) 97.2 (670) 37.1 (256) 57
1000 (538) 89.6 (618) 32.1 (221) 53
1200 (649) 89.6 (618) 34.1 (235) 56
1400 (760) 73.5 (507) 29.7 (205) 70
31
Table 2-18
Chemical Composition of Alloy C-22 (Weight %)1
C: 0.010 (max)
Mn: 0.50 (max)
Si: 0.08 (max)
Cr: 22.00
Ni: 56.00
Mo: 13.00
Co . 2.50 (max)
W: 3.00
V: 0.35 (max)
Fe: 3.00
Table 2-19
Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-22 1 1*
Dev 75 0 314t 2z *2@; ot'

Me" Ten04au.* Rove 24752S0 13574399
EI.tkc* RPsty, 75 * 8 .*Crh 24 t.14 eChWff
212 463 nfi1IEO I0 1 23 fomtwom
392 48.7 t-mvp""M 200 1.24 nAh0
5r2 492 a 3oo 125 wf..m
752 496 ma0%4Mo 126
332 49 9 meatw 5SW 1.27 akanwo
1112 502 mvhu4L = RU2S

1431,0U
o
Mean Co0011ci 75-200 6* m.el n.* F 2493 12.4 n to. w-
Th..mWS.P a 175-400 69 - F 24-204 12.4 a SO'S0*K
716w0 ? a mciw e-F 24-316 126G I0.'M.W
rs8aoo 7I ffwapno n f 24427 13 3 . to. fkWW
15.0lo0 7 71 w, SIft*F 24 Mg 13Sa O. lmv

75-12W0 61 cnlwwvhn -F 24649 I6. I' NWmn.
7is140
ce rs-sN%.-If 2Z760 13I. I10. nVhVK
7s5.o16 66no04s-F 24471 isa. to- .Me-K
75.law0 t0 eeChvM .f 24962 Of2 * 1"0.P
ThI^JIO1ef 70 e 004 VWc
0 . 2' 27. I" ;Z4
212 a005 sec 100 3e0 I o.'ni'
392 a 005m'ofc 200 5 aI." MO
572 0 W6 7m c 3co *2S
f.fm'
752 0007 e scew
0 2a10.
X #n
932 GOD7?Asac 500 46:10.'m'Is
1112 0 00?*.nut 000 doS:10'mll
Thww Corowotey 118 70 BS.-OARlvW -F 46l ICl WhIK
22 77 &fr.-Ak' -4F 10 II I WIm.A
392 93 63,n Lv -F 200 t3 4 WhtJK
572 IC ClM"IAtL4V- F 30 155 WKtx
152 121 8Li4w-.-F 400 17 SWhtK
932 135 -ew
AI4wv.-F 500 195 WhIN-K
1112 146Mub fit &4v..-F 60 21 3 WtSK
Sceciac .i 126 0.09X8.l--F 52 41A1 1K-K
212 0e01 Bo.A.-F 100 423.9Kg-K
392 0 1060Sut-F 200 444JM 9 K
5.2 O l0 Blum- -F 300 *50 JKg K
752 0 114 Bkft-'F 400 476JXKTK
S32 0116 Bluft.--F 500 465 ^Kq4(
1112 0 122t -IF 600 SIJ Ml1g-K
*Emissivity data are not available
32
Table 2-20
Average Dynamic h1odullis of Elasticity for Alloy C-22 11
Aerage Dynamic
Test Temperature Modulus of Elasticity
Form Condition OF (CC) 106 psi (GPa)
Plate Heal-treated Room 29.9 (206)
at 20501F 200 (93) 29.4 (203)
(1121 OC).
Rapid Ouenched 400 (204) 28.5 (196)
600 (316) 27.6 (190)
800 (427) 26.6 (183)
1000 (538) 25.7 (177)
1200 (649) 24.8 (171)
1400 (760) 23.6 (163)
1600 (871) 22.4 (154)
1800 (982) 21.1 (145)
Table 2-21
Average Tensile Data for Solution Annealed Alloy C-22' 1
eUltimate Yield Slrength Elongation in

Test Temperature Tensile Strength, at 0.29 Offset, 2 in. (5Q8 mm).
Form OF (CC) Ksi Xsi-
Sheet Room 116 59 57
0.028 - 0.125 in. 200 (93) 110 54 58
(0.71 - 3.2 mm)
thick" 400 204) 102 44 57
600 (316) 98 42 62
8o0 (427) 95 41 67
1000 (538) 91 40 61
1200 (649) 85 36 65
1400 (760) 76 35 63
Plate. Room 114 54 62
114 -314 in.
(6.4 - 19.1 mm) 200 (93) 107 49 65
thick.. 400 (204) 98 41 66
600 (316) 95 36 68
800 (427) 92 35 68
1000 (538) 88 34 67
1200 (649) 83 32 69
1400 (760) 76 31 68
Bar, Room 111 52 70
112 - 2 in. 200 (93) 105 45 73
(12.7 - 50.8 mm)
dameter.... 400 (204) 96 38 74
600 (316) 92 34 79
800 (427) 89 31 79
1000 (538) 84 29 60
1200 (649) 80 28 80
1400 (760) 72 29 77
*-Ks d be102e mI Wa WngdK32br '--'^
NVGM
**~I2hefW0 30W -'eW I6.32WM Atupe8.1 I
...^wg
33
Table 2-22
Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 12 (Weight %)12
N: 0.03 (max)
C: 0.08 (max)
H: 0.015 (max)
Fe: 0.30 (max)
0 : 0.25 (max)
Mo: 0.20- 0.40
Ni: 0.60 - 0.90
Residuals (each): 0.10 (max)
Residuals (total): 0.40 (max)
Ti: Remainder
Table 2-23
Physical Constants of Ti Grade 1213
Density: 0.163 lb/ in3

Specific Gravity: 4.51
Poisson's Ratio: 0.35
Specific Heat: 543.9 J / kg. K (at 75 0 F)
Coefficient of
Thermal Expansion: 5.3 x 10-6 . OF-I (at 32 - 6000 F)
Thermnal Conductivity: 19.17 W/m.K at200C
18.02 W/m . K at 100 0 C
17.44 W/m. K at 150 0 C
Electrical Resistivity: 51.3 pQ.cm at 200 C
65.1 pIQ.cm at 100 0 C
73.8 pQ.cm at 1500 C
Elastic Modulus: 15 x 106 psi (Tension)
Emissivity: NA (Not Available)
Table 2-24
Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ti Grade 1213
Tensile Strength: 70 ksi (min)

Yield Strength: 50 ksi (min)
Elongation: 18 % (min)
Reduction in Area: 25 % (min)
34
YS(U\-..
20 -
I0
32
f 20 - - EL (L)
d
10
0 100 zMo 300 40o

Tarp Tempeftture t
Figure 2-2 - High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti Grade 1214
o.s
.E
Z1 0.4
iL
0.3
I _-: PI;.ums Rado
121 .1
: Yeaqs Mwsn
fIll
Ax
lo[-._ I RT IX M 30
Tau T DmSmw
t
Figure 2-3 - Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Ti Grade 12 at Different Temperatures 1 4
35
Table 2-25
Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 16 (Weight %)15
N : 0.03 (max)
C: 0.10 (max)
H: 0.015 (max)
Fe: 0.30 (max)
0 : 0.25 (max)
Pd : 0.045 - 0.070
Residuals (each): 0.10 (max)
Residuals (total): 0.40 (max)
Ti: Remainder
Table 2-26
Chemical Composition of Grade 55 A 516 Carbon Steel (Weight %)16
C: 0.22 (max)
Mn: 0.60- 1.20
P: 0.035 (max)
S : 0.035 (max)
Si: 0.15 - 0.40
Fe : Balance
Table 2-27
Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Grade 55
A 516 Carbon Steel16 *
Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) 55 - 75 (380 - 515)

Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) 30 (205) (min)
Elongation % in 2 in. (50 mm) 27 (min)
*Since data do not exist in the literature for the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of A 516
carbon steel, an average UCS of 214 ksi can be used (refer to Materials Eneineering, December
1990, page 34 - ASTM Grade A 47 Ferritic Malleable Cast Iron).
36
Table 2-28
Thermal Properties of AISI 1020 Carbon Steell 7 *
Temperature Coefficient of Thermal Electrical Emissivity

(C) Expansion Conductivity Resistivity
pm/m .K W/m .K V!& .m
0 NA 51.9 NA NA
20 NA NA 0.159 NA
100 11.7 51.0 0.219 NA
200 12.1 48.9 0.292 NA
300 12.8 NA NA NA
400 13.4 NA NA NA
500 13.9 NA NA NA
600 14.4 NA NA NA
700 14.8 NA NA NA
* Data do not exist for A-516 Carbon Steel ; Chemical compositions of AISI 1020 and ASTM A 516 cart
steels are very similar with an exception that AISI 1020 steel does not contain Si.
NA: Not available
Table 2-29
Mean Apparent Specific Heats of 1020 Carbon Steel' 7 *
Temperature NO Specific Heat (J/kg .K)
50- 0o0 486

150 - 200 519
350 - 400 599
* Data do not exist for A 516 Carbon Steel.
37
Table 2-30
Density, Poisson's Ratio, and Modulus of Elasticity of Low Carbon SteelI 7 ,l 8 *
Temperature.-QF)- Density, kg/n (lb/in3 ) Poisson's Ratio Modulus of Elasticity. GPa (rsi)
Room Temperature 8131 (0.2931) 0.30 207 (30 x 106)

200 (400) 193 (28 x 106)
360 (680) 179 (26 x 106)
445 (830) 165 (24 x 106)
490 (910) 152 (22 x 106)
* Specific data do not exist for A 516 Carbon Steel.
Table 2-31
Transverse Tensile Properties of A 212B Carbon Steel1 9 *
Temperature (Q.P) Tensile Sirenmth ksi') Yield Strenpih fksi) % Elanpaiiion % Reduction in area
Room Temperature 75,88 44.66 41.5 46.13

125 72.50 44.70
200 72.25
300 80.25 41.60
400 83.40 39.70 20.0 28.5
500 85.00 36.70 31.0 31.2
* ASTM Specification A 212 is a predecessor to A 516. Tensile properties were determined using carl
steel having composition within ASTM Specification A 516 chemical composition range.
Table 2-32
Chemical Composition of A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon Steel2 0
C 0.30 (max)
Mn 0.60 (max)
Si 0.80 (max)
S 0.06 (max)
P 0.05 (max)
Fe Balance
38
Table 2-33
Tensile Properties Requirements for A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon SteeI2 ()
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) : 60 (415) (min)

Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) 30 (205) (min)
Elongation in 2 in, % : 24 (min)
Reduction in Area, % : 35 (min)
Table 2-34
Chemical Composition of A 387 Grade 22 Class I
2-1/4Cr- IMo Low-Alloy Steel2 1
C 0.05 - 0.15
Mn 0.30 - 0.60
P 0.035 (max)
S 0.035 (max)
Si 0.50 (max)
Cr 2.00- 2.50
Mo 0.90- 1.10
Fe Balance
Table 2-35
Tensile Properties Requirements for A 387 Grade 22 Class 1
2-1/4Cr-I Mo Low-Alloy Steel21
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) 60 - 85 (415 - 585)

Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) 30 (min)
Elongation in 2 in (50 mm), % 45 (min)
Reduction in area, % 40 (min)
39
Table 2-36
Thermal Properties of 2- 1/4Cr- I Mo Steel2 2 *
Temperature Coefficient of Thermal Thermal Conductivity Thermal Diffusivity

( 0 F) Expansion (in/in.OF) (Btu ft/hr.ft2 . 0 F) (ft2/hr)
70 6.45 x 10-6 20.9 0.408

100 6.6 x 10-6 21.0 0.397
200 6.90 x 10-6 21.3 0.385
300 7.35 x 10-6 21.5 0.371
400 7.65 x 10-6 21.5 0.357
500 7.90 x 10-6 21.4 0.341
600 8.10x 10-6 21.1 0.323
700 8.25 x 10-6 20.7 0.305
800 8.40 x 10-6 20.2 0.285
900 8.50 x 10-6 19.7 0.264
1000 8.61 x 10-6 19.1 0.241
1100 8.67x 10-6 18.5 0.217
1200 8.72 x 10-6 18.0 0.192
*Emissivity data are not available.
Table 2-37
Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of 2-1/4Cr-IMo Steel 2 2
Temperature (OF) Modulus of Elasticity (106 psi) Poisson's Ratio
70 30.6 0.287
200 29.8 0.290
400 28.8 0.293
600 27.7 0.295
800 26.3 0.297
1000 24.6 0.304
120() 22.5 0.314
40
Table 2-38
Tensile Properties of 2-1/4Cr- I Mo Steel as Functions of Temperature 2 2
Temperature (OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi)
75 60 30
200 56 28
400 53 27
600 57 27
800 60 26
1000 50 24
1200 28 16
Table 2-39
Specific Heat of 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel* at Various Temperatures' 8
Temperature (K) Specific Heat (1/kg . k)
300 442
400 492
60) 575
800 688
1000 969
* Data do not exist for 2-1/4Cr-lMo Steel.
Table 2-40
Chemical Composition of Alloy 400 (Weight %)24,25
Ni 63.00 (min)
CU 28.00 - 34.00
Co 3.00 (max)
Fe 2.50 (max)
Mn 0.20 (max)
C 0.30 (max)
Si 0.50 (max)
S 0.024 (max)
41
Table 2-41
Room-Tenmperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Annealed Alloy 400 Plate 2 3
Tensile Strength, ksi 70 - 85

Yield Strength, k 28 - 50
Elongation, % in 2" 50 - 35
Rockwell Hardness: B60 - 76
Table 2-42
Physical Constants of Alloy 400 at Room Temperature 2 3
Specific Gravity 8.83

Density, lb/ in3 0.319
Elastic Modulus, psi 26 x 106 (In Tension)
Specific Heat, Btu/lb.OF 0.102
Coefficient of Themial Expansion,0F1 I 7.7 x 10-6
Thermal Conductivity, Biu.in/hr.ft2 .OF 151
Electrical Resistivity, pQ .m 0.510
Emissivity NA (Not Available)
Table 2-43
High Temperature Tensile Properties of Hot-Rolled Alloy 40023
Temperature(OF) Tensile Strength(ksi) yield Strength(ksi) Elongation % Elastic Modulus(psi x 106)
75 79 30 48 26.8
600 75 21.50 50 25.6
800 63.5 21 50 24.8
1000 45.5 20 26 23.7
1200 26.5 14.5 36 22.6
1400 17.5 I1 44 21.3
1600 9 6.50 52 18.3
1800 5 2.50 60
42
Table 2-44
Thermal Properties of Alloy 40024
Temperature Mean Linear Expansion Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat Electrical Resistivity
(OF) (I 0-6 .OF- I) (Btu.infhr.ft 2 .OF) (Btu/lb.F) (Pf.m)
70 151 0.102 0.510

200 7.7 167 0.105 0.535
400 8.6 193 0.110 0.560
600 8.8 215 0.114 0.575
800 8.9 238 0.590
1000 9.1 264 0.610
1200 9.3 287 0.630
1400 9.6 311 0.650
1600 9.8 335 0.670
1800 10.0 360 0.689
2000 10.3 0.709
Table 2-45
Chemical Composition of C7 1500 (CDA 715) (Weight %)26
Ni 29.00 - 33.00
Fe 0.40- 1.00
Mn 1.00 (max)
Zn 1.00 (max)
Pb 0.05 (max)
Cu Balance
Table 2-46
Physical Properties of C7 1500 at 68oF 2 7 -2 9
Density, lb/in 3 0.323

Electrical Resistivity, ft2 .m 375
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 10-6 OF- I 9.0
Specific Heat, Btu/lb. 0 F 0.09
Thermal Conductivity, Btu /hr. ft. 0 F 17
Modulus of Elasticity, 1(6 psi (in tension) 22
43
Table 2-47
Typical Ambient-temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 150027
Tensile Strength, ksi : 55

Yield Strength, ksi : 18
Elongation (in 2 in.), % : 36
Hardness, HRB : 40
Table 2-48
Thermal Conductivity of Mill-Annealed C71500 at Elevated Temperatures 2 7
Temperature (QF) Thermal Conductivity (Btu/hr ftW2 E)
212 6.9
392 19.7
572 22.3
752 24.9
932 27.8
1112 30.7
1292 33.6
'lable 2-49
Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 1500 at Elevated Temperatures 2 8
Temperature(OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation %
212 50.4 21.1 45

302 48.5 19.7 40
392 46.7 18.4 36
482 45.9 18.4 40
572 45.0 18.4 42
662 43.8 17.7 44
752 42.1 17.1 33
44
Table 2-50
Chemical Composition Reqluirenlellts for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels 3 0
Designation Type Carbon Manganese Phosphorous Sultur sirlcon Chromium Nicke Boron EOements
S30460 3048 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.20-0.29 N 0.10 max
S30461 30481 0.06 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.30-0.49 N 0.10 nmx
S30462 30482 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 - 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.50-0.74 N 0.10 max
S30463 30463 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.75-0.99 N 0.10 nax
S30464 30484 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.00-1.24 N 0.10 max
s30465 30485 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 125-1.49 N 0.10 max
530466 30486 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 . 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.50-1.74 N 0.10 max
S30467 30487 0.08 2.00 0.045 0n30 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.75-2.25 N 0.10 max
Maximum. unless range or mk*nun Iskndicated.
a Cobalt concentration shaW
be ited to 0.2 max. unless a lower concentration Is agreed upon between the purduaser and the suppler.
Table 2-51
Mechanical Properties Requirements for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels 30
T Tensle Strngt. min Yield Sength. min Elongation In 2 Hardness. max

DesigNation Type Grade -I. or 50 amu
De~i~fl~tbonl kiu Ma ksl . MPa . min. enn Rockwel B
S30460 3048 A 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92
E 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92
S30461 30481 A 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92
e . 75 515 30 205 35.0 201 92
530462 30482 A 75 515 30 205. 35.0 201 92
B 75 S1S 30 20S 27.0 201 92
S30463 30483 A -75 S15 30 205 31.0 201 92
5 75 515 30 20S 19.0 201 92
S30464 304S4 A 75 615 30 205 27.0 217 95
e 75 515 30 205 16.0 217 95
S3045 30485 A 75 515 30 205 24.0 217 95
B 75 515 30 205 13.0 217 95
S30466 30486 A 75 515 30 205 20.0 241 100
B 75 515 30 205 9.0 241 100
530467 304B7 A 75 S1S 30 205 17.0 241 100
B 75 515 30 205 6.0 241 100
45
Table 2-52
Room Temperatilre Mechanical Properties of Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels
(Annealed Materials Tested in the Transverse Direction) 3 1
Type Grade 2 Boron .2% Yield Ultimate Elongation Reduction Rockwell

Content Strength Strength (Z) (Z) Hardness
(2) (ksi) (ksi) (HRB)
304 <0. 01 28.3 75.3 71.6 81.7 66
304B1 A 0.30/0.49 34.7 90.1 43.9 64.3 83

B 35.0 87.5 40.4 51.9 82
304B2 A 0.50/0.74 37.9 93.7 39.1 59.7 85

B 39.1 90.0 32.9 41.0 83
304B3 A 0.75/0.99 40.5 98.5 36.3 56.3 86
B 41.2 93.2 24.3 32.6 88
304B4 A 1.00/1.24 42.0 103.0 31.7 51.8 91

B 42.4 94. 2 21.4 20.6 90
304B5 A 1.25/1.49 47.6 107.1 28.3 45.1 93

B 45.2 92.9 17.2 16.7 92
304B6 A 1.50/1.74 48.3 110.2 23.7 36.5 95
B 46.8 93. 5 13. 1 15.4 95
304B7 A 1.75/2.25 51.3 115. 9 21.1 31.2 97
-B 50.1 95.7 11.9 15.2 96
(1) All values are the average of four tests.

(2) Carpenter NeutroSorb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter Neutrosorb is Type B.
46
Table 2-53
Mechanical Propertics ofBorated Type 304 Stainless Steels at 350 0 C
(Mate;'als Tested iii tihe Transverse Direction) 3 1
Type Grade" Boron .2t Yield Ultimate Elongation Reduction

Content Strength Strength (t)
(" (ksi) (ksi)
304 <0. 01 22.0 56.5 40.4 76.4

304B1 A 0.30/0.49 32.8 68.0 29.3 59.9
B 30.3 67.6 27.8 49.2
304B2 A 0.50/0.74 35.1 70.4 27.4 55.4
B 34.6 71.2 21.6 40.21
304B3 A 0.75/0.99 37.9 77.8 25.7 51.3
B 36.4 78.7 19.4 26.3
304B4 A 1.00/1.24 41.3 83.6 24.1 43.9
B 38.1 78.3 16.1 24.0
304B5 A 1.25/1.49 45.9 .88. 3 21.5 42.2
B 38.6 80.9 14.2 22.7
304B6 A 1.50/1.74 49.9 90.9 17.8 31.3
B 40.8 80.5 12.1 18.6
304B7 A 1.75/2.25 46.3 101.1 15.2 21.8
B 46.5 83.2 11.2 15.8
(1) All values are the average of four tests.
(2) Carpenter NeutroSorb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter NeutroSorb is Type 8.
47
Table 2-54
Chemical Composition of Alboron (Weight %)32
B: 0.00 - 5.00
Cu: 0.12 (max)
Al: Balance
Table 2-55
Physical Constants and Thermal Properties of Alboron
at Different Temperatures 3 2
Temperature, OC 23.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0

OF 73.4 122.0 212.0 302.0 393.0
Density, g/cm3 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693

Specific Heat, J/g.k 0.868 0.903 0.946 0.976 0.998
Diffusivity, cm 2 . sec 1 0.781 10.779 0.790 0.762 0.758
Conductivity, Btu.in/hr.ft 2 .OF 1265.78 1318.50 1381.29 1406.87 1412.49
Table 2-56
Chemical Composition of a Standard Plate of Boral (Weight %)33
Al : 69.00
B 24.00
C : 6.00
Fe : 0.50 (max)
Si: 0.10 (max)
Ti: 0.10 (max)
Cu 0.10 (max)
Zn: 0.10 (max)
48
Table 2-57
Typical Engineering Properties of Boral3 3
Modulus of Elasticity, E (Msi) ASTM E-8 :9.00

Tensile Strength, Sy (ksi) ASTM E-8, E-21 :10.00
Elongation in 2 inch Coupon. % ASTM E-8 :0.10
Table 2-58
Physical Properties of Boral3 3
Specific Heat, W-s/gm-K :0.919 at 380 C

: 0.936 at 260 0C
Thermnal Conducivity, W/cm-K : 1.24 at 38 0C

: 1.32 at 2600C
Thermal Emissivity :0.10 - 0.19
Coefficient of Thernal Expansion, in/in-C: 1.97 x 105
Table 2-59
Chemical Composition of 6063 Aluminum Alloy (Weight %)29.34
Mn 0.10 (max)
Si 0.20 - 0.60
Cr 0.10 (max)
Fe 0.35 (max)
Cu 0.10 (max)
Mg 0.45 - 0.90
Zn 0.10 (max)
Ti 0.10 (max)
Other 0.15 (max)
Al Balance
49
Table 2-60
Physical Properties of Alloy 6063-T6 at 68OF2 9 ,35
Density, g/cm3 : 2.69

Poisson's Ratio : 0.33
Elastic Modulus (tension), GPa : 68.3
Specific Heat, J/kg .K : 900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m. K : 201
Electrical Resistivity, nQ .m : 33
Electrical Conductivity (equal volume)
% JACS : 53
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
pin/in .OF : 12.1
Emissivity : NA (Not Available)
Table 2-61
Tensile Properties of Alloy 6063-46 at Various Temperatures 3 5
Temperature (OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation, %
75 35 31 18
212 31 28 15
300 21 20 20
40() 9 6.5 40
500 4.5 3.5 75
600 3.3 2.5 80
700 2.3 2.0 105
Table 2-62
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Alloy 6063 at Various Temperatures 29
Temperature Range (0 F) Average Coefficient (pin/in .OF)
68 - 212 13.0
68 - 392 13.6
68 - 572 14.2
50
TeLchnical InIbinalion Depailini LawvrencC Livermore National Laboratory
t Jitiversiv o1 C'aliloniua Livcrmore. C(alilloiriau 94551
Ia

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UCRL-ID-119564, Vol.

Engineered Materials Characterization Report for the

Volume 2: Design Data

Date Written: December 1994>

This is an informal report Intended primrily for internal or limited external

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the

Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the

Available to the public from the

How to View This Document

Prepared by Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

December 30, 1994

ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORT

Volume 2 Design Data

Click here to go to EMCR CD-ROM Table of Co]

Volume 2 of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report presents the design

2. Current List of Candidate Materials

In Volume 1 of this report, a list of candidate materials for multibarrier containers

Type 316L Stainless Steel

The above requirements can most effectively be met by using corrosion-resistant,

Ambient temperature mechanical properties 3 of Type 316L stainless steel are

Alloy 825 possesses good mechanical properties up to moderately high temperatures

Standard machining operations can be readily performed on Alloy 825. In general,

Alloy C4 (Hastelloy C-4) 1Alloy C-22 (Hastelloy C-22)

A steel containing 2-1/4% Cr and 1% Mo steel has been identified as an alternate

This material is primarily used in the annealed, normalized-and-tempered, and

The microstructure of annealed 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel is predominantly ferrite with

The thermal properties 2 2 , physical constants 2 2 , and tensile properties 2 2 of 2-1/4 Cr -

Borated 316 Stainless Steel

Aluminum-boron alloys possess neutronic properties similar to those of boron-loaded

Alboron 3 2 is an alloy composed of Al13 2 blended with aluminum to achieve a desired

Alboron, having properties of aluminum, is readily molded and extruded.

Boral 3 3 is another material under consideration for use in baskets as a criticality

Aluminum alloys are designated by a system based on the sequences of mechanical or

Alloy 6063 has an excellent corrosion resistance, in particular, resistance to general

High Purity Iron

3. Degraded Materials Properties

1. 'Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Waste Package Implementation

2. "Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel

4. "316 Stainless," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue

7. "INCOLOY alloy 825," INCO Alloys International Technical Brochure, Publication

8. Private communication with R. D. McCright, LLNL, June 1994.

10. "HASTELLOY Alloy C - 4," HAYNES International Technical Information,

11. "HASTELLOY C - 22 Alloy," HAYNES International Technical Information,

13. "TiCode - 12," Alloy Digest, February 1979.

14. "Crevice corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of ASTM Grade 12

22. "2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steels," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS /

23. "Monel Alloy 400," Alloy Digest, July 1964.

24. "Monel Alloy 400," Huntington Alloys.

32. "Presentation on Enriched Borated Aluminum," Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.

CANDIDATE MATERIALS FOR MULTI-BARRIER CONTAINERS

UINS Nnmher Common or Commmrdal Name ASMd Number Nominal Compoition

For comparison to (and possible replacement for) UNS N08221:

MODERATELTY CORROSION RESISTANT or "wNTERMan 1TiATE" MArs TRALaS

CORROSION ALLOWANCE MATERIALS

Carbon and Allob Steels

Condition 0.2% Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction in Hardness

300 13.4 8.2 x 10-6

300 468 0.09 28.3 x 1o6 psi 0.25

Temperature Density* Diffusivity* Electrical Resistivity*

* Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel

Carbon (C): 0.05 (max)

Tensile Strength Yleld S h Elongation,

Forn and Condition 1000 psi MPa 1000 pslI MNP