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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Blister Agents. Substances that cause blistering of the skin. Exposure is through
liquid or vapor contact with any exposed tissue (eyes, skin, and lungs).
Blood Agents. Substances that injure a person by interfering with cell respiration
(the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues).
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Cell. Small group working together clandestinely. Contact with other cells of the same
organization and even with command structure of the organization is limited.
Chemical Agent. A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations
to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate people through its physiological effects.
Choking Agent. Substances that cause physical injury to the lungs. Exposure is
through inhalation.
Crises Management. The law enforcement response, and focuses on the criminal
aspects of the incident.
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De-escalation. Toning down the intensity of the conflict or dispute so that a solution
becomes more likely.
Dispute. The arguments, disagreements and fights that take place between people
who are experiencing a conflict.
Disputants. Disputants are the people, groups or organizations that are in conflict
with each other. They are often called parties.
Drain the Swamp. Clich meaning that you have to clean up the environment in
which a terrorist network operates, rather than retaliate in a limited way.
Facilitation. A facilitator is a third party who helps the disputants to stay focused on
working toward their common goals by following the agreed-upon ground rules.
Failed State. A dysfunctional state which also has multiple competing political
factions in conflict within its borders, or has no functioning governance above the local
level. This does not imply that a central government facing an insurgency is
automatically a failed state. If essential functions of government continue in areas
controlled by the central authority, it has not "failed.
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Hacking. An umbrella term encompassing all attempts at unauthorized access to
computer systems, including malicious software, malicious modification of hardware and
denial of service.
Hawala. Paperless financial system that al Qaeda is suspected of using. From the
Hindi for "in trust," the system works on cash and promises of repayment, making
tracing of transactions difficult.
Infidel. Someone who does not believe in the speaker's religion. Christians
described Muslims as infidels during the crusades, and Islamic fundamentalists use the
term to denounce members of other faiths.
Islamist. People or groups who invoke Islam for political ends. Not all Islamist
groups advocate terrorism.
Make a Statement. Clich for the intended meaning of a terrorist attack or the
response to a terrorist attack. Same as "send a message.
Molotov Cocktail. A crude incendiary bomb made of a bottle filled with flammable
liquid and fitted with a rag wick.
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Narco-terrorism. Terrorism conducted to further the aims of drug traffickers. It may
include assassinations, extortion, hijackings, bombings, and kidnappings directed
against judges, prosecutors, elected officials, or law enforcement agents, and general
disruption of a legitimate government to divert attention from drug operations.
Nerve Agents. Substances that interfere with the central nervous system.
Exposure is primarily through contact with the liquid (skin and eyes) and secondarily
through inhalation of the vapor.
Shielding. Maintaining significant physical barriers between you and the hazard e.g.
wall, vehicle etc.
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Sleeper Cell. A small cell which keeps itself undetected until such time as they
can awaken and cause havoc.
Special Forces. Small units trained for special missions, such as unconventional
warfare and counter-terrorism.
Surgical Strike. Military operation with a limited objective, performed with precision
and swiftness, usually from the air.
Symmetrical Warfare. Battle between like forces: tanks vs. tanks and aircraft vs.
aircraft. War on terrorism may be largely asymmetrical.
Terror Tactics. The art and science of employing violence, terror and intimidation
to inculcate fear in the pursuit of political, religious, or ideological goals.
Terrorist Goals. The term goals will refer to the strategic end or end state that the
terrorist objectives are intended to obtain.
Terrorist Group. Any group practicing, or that has significant subgroups that
practice, international terrorism.
Toxic Chemical Agent. Produce incapacitation, serious injury, or death. They can be
used to incapacitate or kill victims. These agents are the choking, blister, nerve, and
blood agents.
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Triggering Events. A triggering event is something that happens to start a conflict. It
can be something minor, such as an accidental word or careless mistake, or it can be
something major and deliberate.
Abu Nidal Organization (ANO). Also known as Fatah Revolutionary Council, Arab
Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary Organization of Socialist
Muslims based in Iraq.
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Armed Islamic Group (GIA). Militant organization, formed to overthrow the Algerian
government and thus to establish an Islamic state. The organization began to institute
violence when the military government did not recognize victory of the Islamic Salvation
Front in 1991.
Black September. The Palestinian group that captured and killed members of the
Israeli Olympic team at the 1972 Olympics in Munich.
Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Sometimes called the Islamic Jihad, militant organization,
formed in the late 1970s in Egypt, now virtually a part of Al Qa'eda. They were formed
by members of the Muslim Brotherhood, who sought more rapid change.
Gamaa Islamiya. Egypt's largest militant group. Claimed responsibility for June 1995
assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Signed bin Laden's 1998
fatwa, declaring jihad against the United States.
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Irish Republican Army (IRA). Militant organization based in Northern Ireland.
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). An Islamic terrorist group which seeks to
create an Islamic caliphate. The name of the group, transliterated ad-Dawlah al-
Islmyah f al-Irq wash-Shm, is sometimes translated ISIL, which stands for the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant or Daish, alternatively DAESH, which is an
acronym for the Arabic language name.
Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna. Salafi militant organization, operating in Iraq, to combat the
US and government. The organization includes Sunni, Kurdish, and foreign individuals.
The organization was formed in 2003.
Jewish underground. A Jewish militant organization. Their acts were ignited by the
murder of six Jewish seminary students.
Lashkar-e Jhangvi (LeJ). Islamic militant group, based in the Punjab region and
Karachi, responsible for the deaths of many Shias and Christians in Pakistan. Their
objective is to establish Sharia law in Pakistan and a Sunni state.
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Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. A militant jihadist organization, formally aligned with
Osama bin Laden, has now, since peace talks with the Libyan Government, constructed
a code that refutes the tenets of al Qaeda. They now regard their armed struggle
against the Libyan government illegal under Islamic law.
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). World Tamil Association, World Tamil
Movement, Federation of Associations of Canadian Tamils, Ellalan Force, and Sangilian
Force based in Sri Lanka.
Taliban. Plural of Talib, word for students of Islam or seekers of knowledge. Clerics
trained at madrasahs in Pakistan called themselves the Taliban when they started a
rebellion against the Afghan government in 1996.
Terrorism Prevention Branch (TPB). Branch of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in
Vienna, which offers assistance to members on legislation, intended to combat and
prevent terrorism. The branch assists legislative drafting, training of judges and lawyers
in these changes, and cooperation on international matters such as extradition.
World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders. Name used
by the leaders of Islamic terrorist groups who joined bin Laden's 1998 fatwa calling on
Muslims everywhere to kill Americans and drive Americans from Arabia and Jews from
Palestine.
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