Gas Mixture Equations ‘When ng moles of gas A and ns moles of gas B are mixed together in a container with volume, \V, at temperature, T, the total number of moles of gas is tan =f + ng. The partial pressure of gas A in the container, Pa, is the pressure gas A would have in the container if it were the only gas in the container. So PaV =n4RT if gas A is an ideal gas, where R = 0.08206 E32 ideal gas constant. Then GQ) Pen RE Likewise, Po=ne4t Since both gases ae ideal the mixture of gases is ideal and PagV = nT, where Piste ctl pressure in the container. Then otk» Be 2) Per = mor SF = (a+ na) SE =ny4F + me8F = Pq +P Dalton’s Law. The mole fraction of gas A is defined as X4 =A. Since 2a. (6) Xe mole fraction of gas A Ny Pra The mixture of gases can be assigned a molecular weight Wasa, Which must equal the mass of the gas divided by the number of moles of gas Wai = Za = Ma*Ma so 4) Woe = =X,W, +XyWy where W, and Wg are molecular weights of gases A and B, respectively. Problem I: Consider three gases mixed together. Helium has mole fraction 0.277, argon has partial pressure 4.65 atm and there ate 7.06 moles of a third gas C. The total pressure is 14.55 atm, Determine (a) the mole fractions of argon and gas C, (b) the partial pressures of helium ‘and gas C, and (c) moles of helium and argon, @Xx = Aen 0.309 Xye+Xqe+Xe =1 909 Xe=1-0.277-0.309= 0.414 () Pre= XoePior = 0.277%14.55 atm = 4.03 atm — Po XcPior = 0.414%14.55 atm = 6.02 atm © Xe~ 2 song= Se = 22688 ~ 17.95 mot | De X. 0414 | nie Xe =0.277%17.05 mol =4.72 mol mar= Xatier = 0.309*17.05 mol 27 mol 2M, V_RT | Problem 2: The density of the gas mixture in Problem 1 at 300 Kis 40.1 g/L. Determine the molecular weight for gas C Using PV =aRT and 3y item PYW=mRT and density = DRT _ 40.18 0.08206 485x300 K f Bt =67. P 14.55 atm peal Whe Xa Wye XeWe = 0.277+4.00 + 0309039.95 + 0.4144We Wo 131.3 gimol since D= 2™ then Was RT Wri = 67.8 gimal=Gas Mixture Problems 1, 20.00 moles of helium are mixed with 5.00 mole of oxygen gas in a 15.00 L container at 22,0 °C. a. Calculate the mole fraction of oxygen gas in the mixture. ». Calculate the total pressure of gases in the container. €. Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the container. 4. Calculate the partial pressure of helium gas in the container after the temperature drops to 8.0°C. 2. 25.0 g of carbon dioxide is added to a 5.00-L flask with air at 755.0 tom at 25.0°C. a. Calculate the total pressure in the flask at 25.0 °C. ». Calculate the mole fraction of COs gas in the flask 3. 6.00 L-container of neon gas at a pressure of 800 torr is connected to a 10.0 L-container of argon g2s at a pressure of 400 torr so that the gases are allowed to mix throughout both containers 2 Calculate the total pressure ofthe gases after mixing. b, Calculate the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture . If both gases are forced together into the 10,00 L-container, determine the partial pressure cf ‘each gas in the 10.00 L-container. 4, 10.0 moles of hydrogen gas is mixed with 3.00 moles of oxygen gas in 100.0 L steel tank. The mixture is ignited with a spark so that 2 Ha(g) + Oa(g) —> 2 H,0(g) at 1000 °C. 2 Which gas isin excess and how many moles will remain. b. How many moles of water vapor will be formed? ¢. Caloulate the total pressure in the tank after the reaction. 4. If the product mixture is cooled to ~40.0 °C (so that all water becomes solid ice), determine the pressure in the tank. 5. A tank contains 13.0 L of oxygen ges at 25.0 °C and 35.0 atm. Helium gas is added until the mole fraction of oxygen is 0.210. 4. Calculate the moles of oxygen gas in the tank. b. Calculate the total pressure in the tank. ©. Calculate the density of the gas mixture Answers: La Xe, 0.200 (mole fraction Oz) b. Pues =40.37 atm c, Po,=8.07 atm d. Pye=30.76 atm 2. a Pras 2868. torr b. Xpo,=0.737 3. a. Prm=SS0tor b. Xe" 0.545 X= 0455 c. Pye =480tor Pay = 400 torr 4, a. Hr is excess, 4.00 mol will remain b. 6 mol HO(g) c. Pyu=10.45 atm — d. P,, = 0.765 atm 5. & no,= 18.60 mol Orb. Pog = 166.7 atm ¢. ($95.2 g Or +279.9 g He)! 13.L= 67.31 g/LGas Laws: Practice 1. A83L sample of dry air is cooled from 145°C to -22"C while the pressure is maintained at 2.85 atin, Whats the final volume? ple of sulfur hexafluoride gas in a container is at 198°C and 145 psi. What temperature (in °C} is needed to reduce ressure to 105 psi? 3. A tank contains 2.50 moles of nitrogen gas at 13700. KPa. The tank has a maximum safe pressure of 30000. KPa. Assuming ideal gas behavior, how many additional moles of gas ‘can be added at constant temperature? 4. A sample of Frean-12 occupies 25.5 Lat 208 K and 153.3 kPa, Find its volume at STP. 5, A sample of chlorine gas is confined ina 50-L container at 228 torr and 27°C. How many molecules of gas are in the sample? 6. When an evacuated 63.8 mL glass bulb is filled with a gas at 22°C and 747 mmHg, the bulb gains 0.103 g in mass. Is the gas Na, Ne, or Ar? A certain liquid hydrocarbon (C & H only) is known to consist of molecules with five carbon atoms. A sample of the hydrocarbon is vaporized in a 0.204 L flask by immersion ina water bath at 101°C. The barometric pressure is 767 torr, and the remaining gas weighs 0.484 g. Whatis the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon? 8. How many grams of potassium chlorate decompose to form potassium chloride and 638 mL of oxygen gas at 128°C and 752 torr? KCIOs(5) > KCI(s) + 0x(g) (unbalanced) 9. How many grams of phosphine can form when 37.5 g of phosphorus and 83.0 L of hydrogen gas react at STP? Pa(s) + Ho(g) + PHs(s) (unbalanced) 10. How many liters of hydrogen gas are collected over water at 18°C and 725 mmHg when 0.84 g of lithium reacts with water? At18°C, Pras = 15.48 mmHg. Lis) + H:0(0) > Ho(g) + LiOH(aq) (unbalanced) Remember: you should always convert temperatures to Kelvin!Answers: 1. Charles's law (V,T change only): Vi/T: = Va/Ts 2, Guy-Lussacs law (P,T change only):Pr/T:=Pa/Tz so Ts = 680°C Pe nand if V,T are constant, then Pi/m = Po/n2 m= 250+ x= 547, 50 x= 2.97 additional moles 4. ‘The combined gas law (constant moles): PiVi/Ts = PaVs/Ta STP=27315K,1atm V2=353L PV = nRT and solve for n, then use Avogadro's number = 3.67 x 10 molecules 6. PV=nRT and solve for n, then divide mass by n to get the molar mass: 39.8 g/mol = Ar 7. PV =nRT and solve for n, then divide mass by n to get the molar mass: 72/8 g/mol If the formula includes 5 C, then 72.18 = 5(12.011) + x(1.100794), so x=12 and the molecular formula is therefore CsHuz 8, PV= ART and solve for n (moles of 02), then use the reaction stoichiometry to convert to ‘moles of KCIOs, then use the molar mass to convert to grams = 1.57 g 9. Limiting reactant problem, but use PV = nRT to find moles of hydrogen, then use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to identify the limiting reactant. Theoretical yield of phosphine = 41.2 g 10. Calculate the moles of Hz formed based on the Li and the reaction stoichiometry. Use Dalton’s law to find Pua = 709.52 mm Hg. Then use PV = nRT to find V= 5 L He