AECOM (278613-X) Job No.

: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : SLAB 1 (TOP REINFORCEMENT) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 2 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 1992.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 1588.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 734 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0924 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0119
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.884 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2973 mm2
z= la d = 648.70 mm s= 271 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 7673 mm2 10 T 32 - 105 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1200 mm2 2 T 32 - 671 rprov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 100 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 8038 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.231 mm (Actual)
10 T 32 - 100 ( 63.134kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 936 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 0 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.91
layer = 2 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.88 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 12868 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.80 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 1.28 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > svc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 438 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 1.753% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm 2 T 12 - 200 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 17.94 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
ae = Es/Ec= 11.149 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.195 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2437 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 20
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 12200 mm
x= 337.351 mm M.F. = 1.08 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 16.62
z= d-x/3= 621.550 mm Allowable l/d = 21.66 O.K
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 3.5E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0009921 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 198.55 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T32-100 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 15.15 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH 2T32-125 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 15.15 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 198.55 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00018
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000979
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 74.90 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.199 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$slab1 (t)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : SLAB 1 (BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 2 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 1152.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 941.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 734 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0535 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0119
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.937 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2973 mm2
z= la d = 687.45 mm s= 271 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 4187 mm2 6 T 32 - 193 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1200 mm2 2 T 32 - 671 rprov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 5359 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.231 mm (Actual)
7 T 32 - 150 ( 44.194kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 0 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 0 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.91
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.70 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 6434 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.63 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.00 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) N/A
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 0 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 0.877% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 250 mm N/A
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 2 leg
Ec = 18.17 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 226 mm2 N/A
ae = Es/Ec= 11.004 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.096 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2685 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 20
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 12200 mm
x= 259.274 mm M.F. = 1.31 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 16.62
z= d-x/3= 647.575 mm Allowable l/d = 26.22 O.K
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 2.2E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0011340 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 225.85 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T32-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 11.21 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T32-125 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 11.21 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 225.85 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00030
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000988
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 74.90 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.203 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$slab1 (b)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : SLAB 2 (TOP REINFORCEMENT) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 2 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 1084.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 700 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 700 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 825.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 634 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0674 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0117
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.918 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2933 mm2
z= la d = 582.29 mm s= 275 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 909.1 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 4652 mm2 6 T 32 - 173 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1050 mm2 2 T 32 - 766 rprov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 5359 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.228 mm (Actual)
7 T 32 - 150 ( 44.194kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 320 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 0 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.94
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.73 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 6434 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.69 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.50 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v < svc,0.75(fcu)1/2 and 4.75N/mm2, OK
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 700.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 0 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 1.015% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 300 mm N/A
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 2 leg
Ec = 17.95 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 226 mm2 N/A
ae = Es/Ec= 11.140 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.113 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2451 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 20
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 12200 mm
x= 238.201 mm M.F. = 1.14 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 19.24
z= d-x/3= 554.600 mm Allowable l/d = 22.83 O.K
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 1.6E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0011532 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 231.20 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T32-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 12.49 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T32-125 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 12.49 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 700 mm
fs = 231.20 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00027
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.001078
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 74.90 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.219 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$slab2(t)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : SLAB 2 (BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 2 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 309.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 700 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 20 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 700 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 20 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 309.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 640 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0189 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0073
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.950 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 1833 mm2
z= la d = 608.00 mm s= 172 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 909.1 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 1270 mm2 5 T 20 - 248 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1050 mm2 4 T 20 - 300 rprov = 0.84 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 2094 mm2 7 T 20 - 150 ( 17.264kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 150 mm OK
Asprov = 2093 mm2 / m O.K Smax 795.77 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.219 mm (Actual)
7 T 20 - 150 ( 17.264kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 0 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 20 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 0 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 150 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.94
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.50 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 2094 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.47 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.00 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) N/A
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 700.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 0 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 0.327% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm N/A
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 2 leg
Ec = 18.07 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 226 mm2 N/A
ae = Es/Ec= 11.066 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.036 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2577 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 20
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 12200 mm
x= 150.614 mm M.F. = 1.60 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 19.06
z= d-x/3= 589.795 mm Allowable l/d = 32.01 O.K
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 6.7E+09 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0013236 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 250.15 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T20-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 6.96 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T20-150 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T20-150 mm2 / m
fcb = 6.96 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 700 mm
fs = 250.15 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00075
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000739
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 86.05 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.169 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$slab2 (b)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 1 (INNER/OUTER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 170.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 39 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 500 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 20 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 500 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 20 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 120.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 440 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0220 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0065
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.950 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 1633 mm2
z= la d = 418.00 mm s= 193 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 1020.4 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 1016 mm2 4 T 20 - 310 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1000 mm2 4 T 20 - 315 rprov = 0.72 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 1795 mm2 6 T 20 - 175 ( 14.797kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 175 mm OK
Asprov = 2093 mm2 / m O.K Smax 928.40 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.227 mm (Actual)
7 T 20 - 150 ( 17.264kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 121 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 20 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 34.9 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 150 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 1.03
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.57 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 2094 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.59 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.28 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v < svc,0.75(fcu)1/2 and 4.75N/mm2, OK
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 500.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 0 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 0.476% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 300 mm N/A
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 2 leg
Ec = 20.12 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 226 mm2 N/A
ae = Es/Ec= 9.938 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.047 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.5189 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 3700 mm
x= 116.115 mm M.F. = 1.66 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 8.41
z= d-x/3= 401.295 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 2.7E+09 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0007157 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 142.78 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T20-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 5.15 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T20-175 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T20-150 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 5.15 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 500 mm
fs = 142.78 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00060
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000245
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 86.05 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.053 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$wall1(i.o)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 2 (INNER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 855.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 25 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 675.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 737.5 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0393 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0093
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.950 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2323 mm2
z= la d = 700.63 mm s= 212 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 3049 mm2 7 T 25 - 161 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1600 mm2 4 T 25 - 307 rprov = 0.98 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 2454 mm2 5 T 25 - 200 ( 19.267kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 200 mm OK
Asprov = 3271 mm2 / m O.K Smax 848.83 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.237 mm (Actual)
7 T 25 - 150 ( 26.974kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 706 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 25 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 717 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.91
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.59 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 3927 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.56 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.96 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > svc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 397 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 0.532% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm 2 T 12 - 200 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 18.76 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
ae = Es/Ec= 10.664 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.057 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.3340 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 3200 mm
x= 210.156 mm M.F. = 1.36 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 4.34
z= d-x/3= 667.448 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 1.5E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0012876 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 257.53 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T25-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 9.62 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T25-200 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T25-125 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 9.62 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 257.53 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00040
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.001043
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 75.89 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.218 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$wall2(i)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 2 (OUTER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 3000.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 35 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
gm = 1.15 (Partial Factor)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 1588.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 734 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.1591 Compression reinf.needed r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0119
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.771 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2973 mm2
z= la d = 565.62 mm s= 271 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= ( K' fcu bd^2 /0.95 fy z ) + A's 13260 mm2 17 T 32 - 61 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1600 mm2 2 T 32 - 503 rprov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 50 mm Not less ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 16077 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.231 mm (Actual)
20 T 32 - 50 ( 126.267kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 732 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 642 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.91
layer = 2 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.90 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 12868 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.85 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 1.00 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > svc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 271 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 1.753% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm 2 T 12 - 200 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 17.94 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
ae = Es/Ec= 11.149 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.195 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2437 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 3200 mm
x= 337.351 mm M.F. = 0.84 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 4.36
z= d-x/3= 621.550 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 3.5E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0009921 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 198.55 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T32-50 mm2 / m SELECTED
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 15.15 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 13.3 3 CRACK WIDTH 2T32-125 mm2 / m
fcb = 15.15 > 0.38fcu, COMPRESSION REINF. REQ'D.
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 198.55 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = 0.00116
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00018
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000979
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 74.90 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.199 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$wall2(o)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 3 (INNER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 800.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 25 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 619.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 737.5 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.0368 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0093
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.950 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2323 mm2
z= la d = 700.63 mm s= 212 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 2853 mm2 6 T 25 - 173 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1600 mm2 4 T 25 - 307 rprov = 0.98 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 2454 mm2 5 T 25 - 200 ( 19.267kg/m )
sprov= 150 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 200 mm OK
Asprov = 3271 mm2 / m O.K Smax 848.83 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.237 mm (Actual)
7 T 25 - 150 ( 26.974kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 554 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 25 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 788 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.91
layer = 1 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.59 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 3927 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.56 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 0.75 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > svc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 293 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 0.532% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm 2 T 12 - 200 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 16.64 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
ae = Es/Ec= 12.019 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.064 aer' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.1228 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 3100 mm
x= 220.839 mm M.F. = 1.44 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 4.20
z= d-x/3= 663.887 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 1.6E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0011887 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 237.43 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T25-150 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 8.44 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T25-200 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH T25-125 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 8.44 O.K.< 0.45fcu
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 237.43 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00057
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.000765
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 75.89 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.160 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$wall3(i)
AECOM (278613-X) Job No.: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd. Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 3 (OUTER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 2736.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 460 N/mm2 (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 0C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 40 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) f= 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm2 (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
f= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
f(out) = 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 2137.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) ac 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - f / 2 = 705.5 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
k= Mu / bd2fcu = 0.1374 No compression reinf r= fct f ac( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0119
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.812 (Lever Arm) As = r b hsz = 2973 mm2
z= la d = 572.82 mm s= 271 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req
.= Mu / (0.87 fy z) = 11935 mm2 15 T 32 - 135 Provided Steel :
As nominal
.= 0.015 x b h 1600 mm2 2 T 32 - 503 rprov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 125 mm OK ayer of Rebar = 2 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 12861 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.231 mm (Actual)
16 T 32 - 125 ( 101.014kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 1318 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
f= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 862 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 100 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) s = 0.92
layer = 2 1 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.96 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As = (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 16085 mm2 (Area of Steel) svc = 0.93 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'= (p x f 2) x b / 4 s = 3927 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 1.87 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > svc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 419 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
r= As / b d = 2.280% (Steel Ratio)
r' = As' / b d = 0.557% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 125 mm 2 T 12 - 125 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 17.09 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
ae = Es/Ec= 11.702 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
aer = 0.267 aer' = 0.065 Mq/Mg = 0.1620 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = {[aer+(ae-1)r']+2[aer+(ae-1)r'd'/d]}-[aer+(ae-1)r'] = ### lx = 3100 mm
x= 336.984 mm M.F. = 0.87 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 4.39
z= d-x/3= 593.172 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx/3+(ae-1)As'(x-d')+aeAs(d-x) = 4.2E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
es = ae(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0010953 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = Ms/(z As) = 223.98 N/mm2 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL 2T32-125 mm2 / m
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 21.38 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 15.2 3 CRACK WIDTH 2T32-100 mm2 / m SELECTED
fcb = 21.38 > 0.38fcu, COMPRESSION REINF. REQ'D.
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 223.98 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
e1 = es x (a'-x)/(d-x) = ###
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
e2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00014
Average surface strain :
em = e1-e2 = 0.001236
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = [c(nom)+f/2)2+(s/2)^2]-f/2 = 66.80 mm
w= 3acrem/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.231 mm O.K.
'file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/372414456.xls'#$wall3(o)