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Aulas 1 e 2
TEXT COMPREHENSION. SIMPLE PRESENT; PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TEXT
(MACK-SP/2009)
Exercise I
Baseando-se no texto, assinale a alternativa correta.
National Geographic 1. All the following verbs have approximately the same
E-cycling Etiquette: How to Help meaning, except:
1 Americans toss out1 about two million tons of a) toss out.
unwanted electronics annually, fouling2 landfills3 with b) discard.
toxic lead4 from old computer monitors, cadmium from c) scrap.
leaking5 batteries, and more. But it is getting easier to d) throw away.
5 discard responsibly.
e) join.
Some charities6 repurpose7 old cell phones as lifelines8
for seniors and victims of domestic violence, and computers 2. Assinale a orao em que a palavra lead tem o mesmo sig-
can go to underfunded schools. Reputable recyclers nificado que no trecho fouling landfills with toxic lead
will properly scrap9 unusable electronics, though they (linhas 2-3).
10 sometimes charge10 a small fee11. Donating newer models, a) Whos going to lead the discussion about recycling?
on the other hand, can earn a tax deduction, so keeping b) The detectives were following a promising lead in the
old gadgets12 from gathering13 dust14 helps you and the murder case.
environment15. For more information on charities and c) Bullets from firearms are usually made of lead.
recyclers, go to epa.gov/recycling. d) The Brazilian swimmer was in the lead from start to
(www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine) finish.
e) Thomas will play the lead role in Hamlet.
Vocabulary 3. In the fragment underfunded schools (line 8), the word
1. to toss(ed) out jogar fora underfunded means:
2. to foul(ed) poluir a) not yet established.
3. landfill aterro sanitrio; depsito de lixo b) that have not been given enough money to be effective.
c) that have a smaller number of students.
4. lead chumbo d) that have more financial resources.
5. to leak(ed) vazar e) that hide in secret places.
6. charity organizao beneficente 4. Na frase though they sometimes charge a small fee (li-
7. to repurpose(ed) dar uma nova destinao a; nhas 9-10), a palavra though:
redirecionar a) significa o mesmo que instead.
8. lifeline salvao; linha vital (de comunicao) b) significa atravs de; por meio de.
c) poderia ser corretamente substituda por as.
9. to scrap(ped) jogar fora d) significa embora.
10. to charge(ed) cobrar e) poderia ser corretamente substituda por imagined.
11. fee taxa 5. A expresso on the other hand (linha 11):
12. gadget aparelho; dispositivo a) d uma ideia de contraste.
13. to gather(ed) juntar b) significa unilateralmente.
c) significa equivocadamente.
14. dust p; poeira d) indica anuncia; consentimento.
15. environment meio ambiente e) significa enquanto tira com a outra mo.
B. usos
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE 1. Para expressar verdades gerais/universais.
to work worked worked Ant-eaters eat ants. (Tamandus comem formigas.)
2. Para expressar aes habituais.
SIMPLE PRESENT She goes to the cinema on Saturdays. (Ela vai ao cinema aos
sbados.)
to work Advrbios Normalmente Usados com o Simple Present:
Always (sempre) Never (nunca)
I work We work Often = frequently (frequentemente) Seldom = rarely (ra-
You work You work ramente)
He works They work
Generally (geralmente)
She works
It works Usually (usualmente)
Sometimes (s vezes, algumas vezes)
day (dia)
week (semana) to admit + t + ing = admitting
Every (todo(a)) month (ms) cvc
year (ano) to regret + t + ing = regretting
etc.
Verbos mais comuns com estrutura CVC oxtonos:
Once (uma vez) day
Twice (duas vezes) week to permit: permitir to begin: comear
Three times (3 vezes) a (ao, por) month to transmit: transmitir to prefer : preferir
Four times (4 vezes), etc. etc. to emit: emitir to transfer : transferir
to omit: omitir to defer : adiar
spring (primavera)
A. Formao
In summer (vero)
autumn / fall (outono) O Present Continuous formado pelo Present do verbo
winter (inverno) to be seguido da -ing form.
Exemplos:
3. -Ing FORM I am working
Os tempos continuous so formados pelo verbo auxiliar You are reading
to be seguido da -ing form do verbo principal. He is walking
-Ing form: Infinitivo sem to + ing B. Usos
to work + ing = working a) para expressar aes que esto ocorrendo neste momento,
to read + ing = reading agora, atualmente.
He is reading the newspaper now.
Casos especiais:
now
a) to liv e + ing = living Advrbios mais comuns: at this moment
to danc e + ing = dancing at present (nowadays)
Com imperativo
Verbos terminados em um s e perdem esse e .
Look! They are coming this way.
Exceo: to be + ing = being
b) para expressar aes que esto prestes a ocorrer (com ver-
Verbos terminados em ee no sofrem alterao. bos de movimento, deslocamento).
to flee (fugir) + ing = fleeing He is leaving for Europe tonight.
(Ele est de partida para a Europa hoje noite.)
b) to d ie + ing = d y ing ATENO: Os verbos see, hear, smell (cheirar), taste (ter gos-
to), like, understand, want, know, seem, believe no
to l ie + ing = l y ing so normalmente usados nos tempos continuous.
I understand everything now.
We (can) hear you at this moment.
Para verbos terminados em ie , muda-se ie para y .
Verbos terminados em y no sofrem alterao. 5. Simple Future
to study + ing = studying Formao
to play + ing = playing will (para todas as pessoas)
ou + infinitivo sem to
c) Para verbos de uma slaba ou com mais de uma slaba, oxto- shall (para I e We)
nos, terminados em consoante, vogal, consoante, dobra-se a
consoante final. Usos: para indicar aes futuras
cvc Os advrbios mais comuns so:
to stop + p + ing = stopping tomorrow
cvc next (prximo)
to get + t + ing = getting soon (logo, brevemente)
within... (2 hours, a month etc), (dentro de...)
Exercise I GRAMMAR
Based on the text, choose the correct alternative. 1. IMPERATIVE
Infinitive
1. The phrase Looking for a career? (lines 1-2) in the
complete form would be: to send
a) Was you looking for a career? Imperative
b) Do you looking for a career?
c) Will you looking for a career? Affirmative Negative
d) Are you looking for a career? (Please) Send him back. Dont send him back (please).
e) Have you looking for a career? Lets send him back. Lets not send him back.
2. SIMPLE FUTURE
A. Formao
will (todas as pessoas)
ou + infinitivo sem to
shall (I; We)
3. GOING TO FUTURE
O present continuous do verbo to go seguido de infinitivo com to de outro verbo indica ao futura.
We are going to see her next week.
(Vamos v-la na prxima semana.)
She is going to buy a new house.
(Ela vai comprar uma casa nova.)
4. TIME CLAUSES
so oraes introduzidas pelas conjunes de tempo when (quando), as soon as (logo que, assim que), until (at que), by the
time (na hora em que), after (depois), before (antes), whenever (sempre que).
devem trazer o verbo no Simple Present (s vezes Present Perfect) quando a ideia de futuro. Na orao principal usa-se nor-
malmente Simple Future ou Imperative.
She will wait here until he comes back. (Ela esperar aqui at ele voltar.)
S. Future S. Present
Let me know as soon as she is ready tomorrow. (Avise-me assim que ela estiver pronta amanh.)
Imperative S. Present
GRAMMAR
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Exemplos:
Richard and Helen are not involved. Theres nothing between them.
Usos:
I myself a) quando o sujeito e o objeto referem-se mesma pessoa.
you yourself He cut himself this morning. (Ele se cortou esta manh.)
he himself We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night. (Ns nos divertimos na festa ontem noite.)
she herself
b) para dar nfase (normalmente colocado depois do objeto ou depois do sujeito.)
it itself
She herself told me the story. (Ela mesma contou-me a histria.)
one oneself
ou
we ourselves
She told me the story herself.
you yourselves
they themselves c) quando precedido da preposio by, indica sozinho(a), sem ajuda de.
Ive done the work by myself. (Eu fiz o trabalho sozinho.)
Text I
(UERJ)
Exercise I
Baseando-se nos textos I e II, d respostas em portugus.
DO YOU HAVE AN IDEA FOR YOU CANT JUST TURN ON 1. O texto I aborda um dilema conhecido por muitos estudan-
YOUR STORY YET? CREATIVITY LIKE A FAUCET1. tes. Explique:
YOU HAVE TO BE IN THE
NO, IM
RIGHT MOOD2.
a) o ponto de vista expresso pelo menino ao estabelecer
WAITING FOR uma comparao entre a criatividade e a torneira;
INSPIRATION.
Ao dizer que no se pode abrir (ligar) a criativida-
de como se abre uma torneira, o menino est di-
zendo que a criatividade no um ato controlvel.