DCPT

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-
contents/IIT%20Bombay/Foundation_Engineering/Course_home4.1.html

Friction Ratio, denoted Rf and given as a percent. It is the ratio of the sleeve
friction to the cone resistance. High friction ratios (high friction, low cone
resistance) indicate clayey soils, while low friction ratios indicate sandy soils.
GEOSYNTHETICS FOR GROUND
IMPROVEMENT
Long ago, when difficult sites for construction purposes were to be dealt, the conventional practice
was limited to either the replacement of unsuitable soils or adopting suitable foundation which
sometimes increases the cost of foundations. Innovative soil modification approaches are evolved
to solve soil related problems. One among them is the usage of geo-synthetics. When used to
enhance the soil strength they have following advantages.

They are space savings,

Better material quality control,
Better construction quality control,
Cost savings,
Technical superiority,
Construction time saving,
Material deployment,
Material availability,
Environmental sensitivity.

Categories of Grouting

a. Penetration grouting

b. Displacement grouting

c. Compaction grouting

d. Grouting of Voids

e. Jet grouting
A Definition
Swelling soils are soils or soft bedrock that increase in volume as they get wet and shrink as they
dry out. They are also commonly known as bentonite, expansive soils.
 Permittivity is used mostly when referring to cross-plane coefficient of
permeability of geotextiles. It is equal to cross-plane coefficient of
permeability divided by thickness, =kn/t.

Transmissivity is very different from flow rate. But many engineers make a
mistake here because of the way these two terms are used, especially in
geosynthetics. Transmissivity is flow rate per unit width per unit gradient.
= Q/iw.

Alluvial Soils: These are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers. ...
Black Soils: These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow. ...
Red Soils: These are derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan
Plateau. ...
Laterite Soils: ...
Mountain Soils: ...
Desert Soils:

Smooth Wheeled Rollers:

the most suitable soils for these roller type are well graded sand, gravel,
crushed rock, asphalt etc. where crushing is required.

Sheepsfoot roller Roller:

Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compacting fine grained soils such as heavy
clays and silty clays. Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compaction of soils in
dams, embankments, subgrade layers in pavements and rail road construction
projects.

Pneumatic Tyred Rollers:

Pneumatic tyred rollers are also called as rubber tyred rollers. These rollers
are used for compaction of coarse grained soils with some fines. These rollers
are least suitable for uniform coarse soils and rocks. Generally pneumatic
tyred rollers are used in pavement subgrade works both earthwork and
bituminous works.

Grid Rollers:
Grid rollers are used for compaction of weathered rocks, well graded coarse
soils. These rollers are not suitable for clayey soils, silty clays and uniform
soils. The main use of these rollers are in subgrade and sub-base in road
constructions.