1.

Description and Research Object

The research we propose aims to determine the composition of the vegetation on several
ecosystem types around Quarry Hambalang (Forest plants, shrubs, and open areas) as well as its
potential as a carbon sink. Measurement of the stock / carbon deposits will be focused on the
carbon stored in biomass. Measurement of the stock / carbon storage will be focused on the
carbon stored in aboveground biomass. According with the definition of the IPCC (2006) on the
measurement of carbon in the AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry, and other Land Use), carbon pool
in biomass aboveground consists of all biomass on woody vegetation and herbs, which are
aboveground including stems, stumps, seedlings, and foliage. In further we can find out the type
of ecosystem that has contributed the highest in carbon storage and plant species whose existence
is important because it has a high enough role in carbon storage.

Indonesia is one country that has a fairly extensive tropical forests. Based on research
conducted by Global Forest Watch in the year 199, the vast tropical forest cover in Indonesia
was 97 million hectares. However, in the period 2000 - 2009, Indonesia's tropical forests have
been degraded area of 15.15 million hectares and converted into lands that more support
development activities.

On a global scale, the expected results of these studies can enrich the data backup
national carbon and contribute to the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), one of the points
in the Kyoto Protocol, held in 1997 as a mitigation measure against global warming due to
carbon emissions by means of an inventory of stored carbon on various land use systems.
Degraded lands have stock / deposits less carbon than natural forests are still intact. Hence the
need for mitigation measures to increase carbon storage on degraded land, such as by planting
woody plants.

In a local scale, by knowing the condition of the existing carbon storage in Quarry
Hambalang, is expected to be a basic consideration in the efforts for restoration of degraded land
in these locations. The types of plants that have significant value in these locations, for example,
these plants are endemic and has a major contribution to carbon storage can be prioritized as
vegetation restoration.

In the Quarry Hambalang, as one of the karst ecosystem in Indonesia are typical of
biodiversity because it has the physical, chemical, hydrological, and the microclimate that is
different from other ecosystems. For example, a karst ecosystem in Mulu, Sarawak, there are
several species of butterflies endemic due to its dependence on the plant species host-plant in
these ecosystems. On research conducted at the Quarry-Site Puttalam, Sri Lanka, there is a high
diversity of avifauna (74 species from 29 families) and 4 species of which are endemic. By
prioritizing the endemic species as the plant restoration, diversity of fauna around Quarry
Hambalang can be maintained. For example, the types of birds and primates endemic to have a
special reliance on a particular plant species.
 The targets of this research is all stakeholders PT Indocement (Director, Staff and
Employees), so that the information obtained from the results of this study can be considered in
an effort to make the restoration of ecosystems are already degraded due to mining activities and
preserve the ecosystems outside the region mining. The next target is the local community
Quarry Hambalang, so they will get information about the contribution of ecosystems around
Quarry Hambalang in storing carbon, thus further be included in the restoration program in
improving and reducing carbon emissions around Quarry Hambalang. Next was a fellow
biologist, so complementary biodiversity data around Quarry Hambalang so further we will get
the best steps to conserving biodiversity around Quarry Hambalang and reduce bad impact due to
mining activities on their preservation.

5. How are benefits for For the Company, Biodiversity and Society

a. For The Company

The results of the research can be considered in choosing native species which have a
high potential in carbon sequestration for restoration or reclamation program of degraded areas.
In a more distant, such as the restoration program can thus prevent the extinction of local animals
or endemic species that specific life is very dependent on the some plant species, and the
company has contributed to increasing carbon stocks on degraded areas and reducing carbon
emissions in the atmosphere.

b. For The Biodiversity

By doing this research, local plant species that have potential as carbon storage can be
determined. Furthermore, the local species should be maintained to suppress populations of
exotic species and invasive species so that local species diversity can be maintained. In
particular, local plant species can provide ecosystem services for animals that depend on the
presence of plant species, such as primates and birds.

c. For The Society

The society or local community can provide a good perception towards the restoration
program and further can be included as a volunteer in the restoration program.