EXPERIMENTO N1

(Todas las unidades a utilizar sern expresadas en el SI)

P1, n1 = 0.009 Y P2, n2 = 0.009

B = 0.25 m
P3, n3 = 0.014

Seccin: Rectangular
Caudal: 0.00183 m3/seg
So (pendiente del canal): 0.01

+ +
(. ) = ( )
+ +

PASO 1: Calculo del tirante normal (Yn)

()()

=

Donde:
An: rea de tirante normal
Rn : Radio hidrulico de tirante normal
n : Coef. de Manning para Y=Yn
Podemos expresar la ecuacin anterior en trminos solo de Yn:

= .
.
=
+ .
Para calcular Coef. de Manning:

= = = . = = . = .
 Por lo tanto, reemplazamos en su frmula y obtenemos:

. + . .
=( )
. +
Ahora s, reemplazamos todos los valores hallados en la formula inicial y
calculamos el valor de Yn usando el mtodo de la biseccin

(. ) (
.
) .
. =
+ .


. + . .
( )
. +

En la Tabla de la pgina siguiente se encuentran los resultados de aplicar el

mtodo, para ello se tuvo que encontrar el valor de Yn para el cual f (Yn)=0

(. ) (
.
) .
() =
+ . .


. + . .
( )
. +
Al final de la tabla, observamos que para que f (Yn)=0:

= .
Yn: Tirante Normal

PASO 2: Calculo del tirante crtico (Ycr)

Para que el flujo tenga un tirante crtico Ycr (despreciando la pendiente del
canal), se debe cumplir la siguiente relacin:

=

Donde:
Ac: Area de tirante critico
Tc: Ancho superficial de tirante critico
 METODO DE LA BISECCIN PARA EL CLCULO DEL TIRANTE NORMAL (Yn)

YNi m YNf m ANi m2 RNi m ni f(YN)i L/seg ANf m2 RNf m nf f(YN)f L/seg YN p m ANp m2 RNp m np f(YN)p L/seg ERROR % CAUDAL
0.01500 0.01700 0.00375 0.01339 0.01351 -0.00026 0.00425 0.01496 0.01345 0.00009 0.01600 0.00400 0.01418 0.01348 -0.00009 4.99873 0.00174
0.01600 0.01700 0.00400 0.01418 0.01348 -0.00009 0.00425 0.01496 0.01345 0.00009 0.01650 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.12812 0.00183
0.01650 0.01700 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00425 0.01496 0.01345 0.00009 0.01675 0.00419 0.01477 0.01346 0.00004 2.34077 0.00187
0.01650 0.01675 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00419 0.01477 0.01346 0.00004 0.01663 0.00416 0.01467 0.01346 0.00002 1.10355 0.00185
0.01650 0.01663 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00416 0.01467 0.01346 0.00002 0.01656 0.00414 0.01462 0.01347 0.00001 0.48702 0.00184
0.01650 0.01656 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00414 0.01462 0.01347 0.00001 0.01653 0.00413 0.01460 0.01347 0.00000 0.17928 0.00183
0.01650 0.01653 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01460 0.01347 0.00000 0.01652 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.02554 0.00183
0.01650 0.01652 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.05130 0.00183
0.01651 0.01652 0.00413 0.01458 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01289 0.00183
0.01651 0.01652 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00632 0.00183
0.01651 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00328 0.00183
0.01651 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00152 0.00183
0.01651 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00088 0.00183
0.01651 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00032 0.00183
0.01651 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.01651 0.00413 0.01459 0.01347 0.00000 0.00028 0.00183
 Segn la geometra del canal, notamos que:

= = . = . 2
Reemplazando en la formula, obtenemos la siguiente ecuacin:

. .
=
. (. )
Resolviendo la ecuacin, calculamos el valor del tirante crtico

= .
Ycr: Tirante Critico

PASO 3: Calculo de la Pendiente crtica (Sc)

Utilizando la frmula de Manning, adems de que el valor de Y=Ycr, podemos
hallar Sc (Pendiente crtica)

()()
=

Donde:
Ac: rea de tirante critico
Rc : Radio hidrulico de tirante critico
n : Coef. de Manning para Y=Ycr
Como ya sabemos el valor de Ycr= 0.01761 m, podemos hallar las dems
variables hidrulicas teniendo en cuenta la geometra del canal

= . = .
.
= = .
+ .

. + . .
=( ) = .
. +
Reemplazando los valores conocidos en la frmula de Manning, despejamos
Sc y calculamos su valor

= .
Sc: Pendiente critico (pendiente del canal que genera un flujo uniforme en el
que el valor de Yn se iguala a Ycr flujo uniforme crtico)
PASO 4: Clasificar el flujo (Fr2 y So/Sc)
Calculamos los siguientes valores:

=

Donde:
Un: Velocidad media del flujo de tirante normal
Dn: Profundidad hidrulica de tirante normal
So: Pendiente del canal
Sc: Pendiente Critica
Por geometra del canal:
.
= = = . = = .
.

= . = .
Ahora si procedemos a calcular los valores correspondientes:

= . = .

Estos valores sern tiles para poder clasificar al flujo, se utilizara la siguiente
tabla:
 Segn los valores obtenidos, observamos que se cumple la relacin

< < >

Por lo tanto, concluimos que el flujo pertenece a la FAMILIA II A de ESTADO
ACELERADO (ABATIMIENTO), adems el tipo de curva de remanso que
presenta es la del tipo S2.

Las curvas de remanso de tipo S2 tienen las siguientes caractersticas:

AGUAS ARRIBA, el flujo tiende hacia el cambio de pendiente repentino (podra

ser un salto hidrulico o una caida) y el tirante tiende a ser CRITICO. AGUAS
ABAJO, el flujo tiende a permanecer en la direccin horizontal al canal con un
tirante que tiende a ser NORMAL.

PASO 5: Anlisis experimental de la curva de remanso

Se procede a tomar los datos del experimento realizado en el laboratorio.

Y (cm)

X (cm)
0 10 20 50 100
0
La direccin del flujo esta en el mismo sentido que la de X. Se empieza a medir
el tirante desde 0 cm hasta 100cm de 10 en 10 cm. Cuando X=100cm se
produce la caida de agua del flujo, la salida se encuentra en esa abscisa.
Tomamos datos y tabulamos:

X (cm) Y (cm)
0.00 4.10
10.00 4.40
20.00 4.80
30.00 4.90
40.00 5.10
45.00 3.50
47.50 2.85
50.00 2.05
52.50 2.40
55.00 2.75
57.50 1.50
60.00 1.60
70.00 1.60
80.00 1.65
90.00 1.50

Y (cm)

X (cm)
SECCION Ym A m2 Pm Rm U m/seg U^2/2g m Es m n Sf Sf prom (i->f) So-Sf prom (i->f) Es(f)-Es(i) m x( i->f) m X(cm) Y(cm)
0 0.016513 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.026528 0.013467 0.010000 100.0000 1.6513
1 0.016600 0.004150 0.283200 0.014654 0.440964 0.009911 0.026511 0.013465 0.009831 0.009915 0.000085 -0.000018 -0.209251 79.0749 1.6600
2 0.016650 0.004163 0.283300 0.014693 0.439640 0.009851 0.026501 0.013463 0.009735 0.009783 0.000217 -0.000009 -0.043487 74.7262 1.6650
3 0.016700 0.004175 0.283400 0.014732 0.438323 0.009792 0.026492 0.013462 0.009641 0.009688 0.000312 -0.000009 -0.028540 71.8723 1.6700
PASO DIRECTO)

4 0.016750 0.004188 0.283500 0.014771 0.437015 0.009734 0.026484 0.013460 0.009548 0.009594 0.000406 -0.000008 -0.020646 69.8077 1.6750
5 0.016800 0.004200 0.283600 0.014810 0.435714 0.009676 0.026476 0.013459 0.009456 0.009502 0.000498 -0.000008 -0.015766 68.2311 1.6800
6 0.016850 0.004213 0.283700 0.014848 0.434421 0.009619 0.026469 0.013457 0.009365 0.009410 0.000590 -0.000007 -0.012450 66.9861 1.6850
7 0.016900 0.004225 0.283800 0.014887 0.433136 0.009562 0.026462 0.013456 0.009275 0.009320 0.000680 -0.000007 -0.010050 65.9811 1.6900
8 0.016950 0.004238 0.283900 0.014926 0.431858 0.009506 0.026456 0.013455 0.009187 0.009231 0.000769 -0.000006 -0.008232 65.1578 1.6950
9 0.017000 0.004250 0.284000 0.014965 0.430588 0.009450 0.026450 0.013453 0.009099 0.009143 0.000857 -0.000006 -0.006808 64.4770 1.7000
10 0.017050 0.004263 0.284100 0.015004 0.429326 0.009395 0.026445 0.013452 0.009013 0.009056 0.000944 -0.000005 -0.005662 63.9108 1.7050
11 0.017100 0.004275 0.284200 0.015042 0.428070 0.009340 0.026440 0.013450 0.008928 0.008970 0.001030 -0.000005 -0.004719 63.4389 1.7100
12 0.017150 0.004288 0.284300 0.015081 0.426822 0.009285 0.026435 0.013449 0.008844 0.008886 0.001114 -0.000004 -0.003930 63.0459 1.7150
13 0.017200 0.004300 0.284400 0.015120 0.425581 0.009231 0.026431 0.013447 0.008760 0.008802 0.001198 -0.000004 -0.003260 62.7199 1.7200
14 0.017250 0.004313 0.284500 0.015158 0.424348 0.009178 0.026428 0.013446 0.008678 0.008719 0.001281 -0.000003 -0.002684 62.4514 1.7250
15 0.017300 0.004325 0.284600 0.015197 0.423121 0.009125 0.026425 0.013445 0.008597 0.008638 0.001362 -0.000003 -0.002184 62.2330 1.7300
16 0.017350 0.004338 0.284700 0.015235 0.421902 0.009072 0.026422 0.013443 0.008517 0.008557 0.001443 -0.000003 -0.001745 62.0586 1.7350
17 0.017400 0.004350 0.284800 0.015274 0.420690 0.009020 0.026420 0.013442 0.008438 0.008478 0.001522 -0.000002 -0.001357 61.9229 1.7400
18 0.017450 0.004363 0.284900 0.015312 0.419484 0.008969 0.026419 0.013440 0.008360 0.008399 0.001601 -0.000002 -0.001011 61.8218 1.7450
19 0.017500 0.004375 0.285000 0.015351 0.418286 0.008918 0.026418 0.013439 0.008283 0.008321 0.001679 -0.000001 -0.000701 61.7517 1.7500
20 0.017550 0.004388 0.285100 0.015389 0.417094 0.008867 0.026417 0.013438 0.008206 0.008244 0.001756 -0.000001 -0.000422 61.7095 1.7550
21 0.017600 0.004400 0.285200 0.015428 0.415909 0.008817 0.026417 0.013436 0.008131 0.008169 0.001831 0.000000 -0.000168 61.6927 1.7600
PASO 6: Anlisis terico de la curva de remanso (MTODO DEL
 Y (cm)

X (cm)

PASO 7: Anlisis terico de la curva de remanso (MTODO DEL

PASO ESTANDAR)

PASO 8: SUPERPOSICION DE GRAFICAS

ESTACION (m) Y (m) Z (m) A (m2) P (m) R (m) U (m/seg) U^2/2g (m) H1 (m) n Sf Sf prom X (m) hf (m) H (m) ERROR(m) T(m) D(m) Fr2 Y2 (m) X(cm) Y(cm)
0.000000 0.016513 0.000000 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.026528 0.013467 0.010000 0.026528 100 1.651303
0.020000 0.016513 0.000200 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.026728 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.026728 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 98 1.651303
0.040000 0.016513 0.000400 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.026928 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.026928 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 96 1.651303
0.060000 0.016513 0.000600 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.027128 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.027128 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 94 1.651303
0.080000 0.016513 0.000800 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.027328 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.027328 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 92 1.651303
0.100000 0.016513 0.001000 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.027528 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.027528 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 90 1.651303
0.120000 0.016513 0.001200 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.027728 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.027728 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 88 1.651303
0.140000 0.016513 0.001400 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.027928 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.027928 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 86 1.651303
0.160000 0.016513 0.001600 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.028128 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.028128 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 84 1.651303
0.180000 0.016513 0.001800 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.028328 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.028328 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 82 1.651303
0.200000 0.016513 0.002000 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.028528 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.028528 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 80 1.651303
0.220000 0.016513 0.002200 0.004128 0.283026 0.014586 0.443286 0.010015 0.028728 0.013467 0.010000 0.010000 0.020000 0.000200 0.028728 0.000000 0.250000 0.016513 1.101378 0.000000 78 1.651303

Y (cm)

X (cm)