TLK-315 UNIT PROCESS

UP SESSION 2

Classification water and wastewater treatment

process
Prelimnary Treatment
Aeration
Neutralization
Prechlorinantion
Classification of water and wastewater treatment
process
http://web.deu.edu.tr/atiksu/ana52/acdf.gif
PREPLIMINARY/PRE TREATMENT
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
 Grit Removal
Grit includes:
sand, gravel, cinder (abu), or other heavy solid
materials that are heavier (higher specific
gravity) than the organic biodegradable solids
in the wastewater.
eggshells, bone chips, seeds, coffee grounds,
and large organic particles, such as food
waste.
 Grit Removal
Advantages:
prevents unnecessary abrasion and wear of
mechanical equipment, grit deposition in
pipelines and channels, and
Prevents accumulation of grit in anaerobic
digesters and aeration basins.
Grit removal facilities typically precede
(mendahulukan) primary clarification, and
follow screening and comminution (breaking).
 Grit Removal
This prevents large solids from interfering with
grit handling equipment. In secondary
treatment plants without primary clarification,
grit removal should precede aeration (Metcalf
& Eddy, 1991).
 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT

the removal of insoluble matter such as grit, grease, and

scum from water.
 SOAL
Apa jenis unit yang masuk dalam kelompok
preliminary
Apa tujuan dari preliminary treatment
PRIOR TO the water passing to the main
treatment processes :
Called preliminary (pre) treatment
It consists of:
Raw water storage
Screening
Presedimentation/Preliminary settling
Aeration
Prechlorinantion
Pre ozonation
Nadya Nurul Amelinda
Aeration
Purposes:
to remove, or reduce the level of unwanted
gaseous compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide
and carbon dioxide) from water, or
oxidize dissolved metals such as iron and
manganese in order to ease subsequent
removal.
Aeration
Aeration

Other systems, often seen as "fountains,"

pump water from the water below and spray it
into the air. It lands back into the water
introducing oxygen

The Air-Max
depicted (describe)
above has a standard
nozzle, and a 1/2 HP
motor.
Aeration

Aeration Nozzle
 http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/ENV115/clipart/cascade.j
pg
(midges flies: pengusir hama)
Aeration
 Aeration
http://www.myersequipment.com/imagesjms
/lpca_cover.jpg
 http://water.me.vccs.edu/exam_prep/aeration
_files/image001.jpg
Aulia Ramandha
 Prechlorination
The addition of chlorine in the collection
system serving the plant or at the headworks
of the plant prior to other treatment
processes mainly for odor and corrosion
control.
Also applied to aid disinfection, to reduce
plant BOD load, to aid in settling, to control
foaming in Imhoff units, and to help remove
oil. In water treatment, prechlorination can be
used to control tastes and aquatic growth and
to aid in coagulation and settling.
 Trihalomethanes (THMs)
are chemical compounds in which three of the four
hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced
by halogen atoms.
Many trihalo methanes find uses in industry
as solvents or refrigerants.
THMs are also environmental pollutants, and many
are considered carcinogenic.
Trihalomethanes with all the same halogen atoms
are called haloforms.
 MPN bacteria
Most Probable Mumber
There are many discrete entities (object) that are easily
detected but difficult to count.
Any sort of amplification reaction or catalysisreaction
obliterates easy quantification but allows presence to be
detected very sensitively. Common examples
includemicroorganism growth, enzyme action, or catalytic
chemistry.
The MPN method involves taking the original solution or
sample, and subdividing it by orders of magnitude
(frequently 10 or 2), and assessing presence/absence in
multiple subdivisions.
Hastri Refiyanti
NEUTRALIZATION
Galih Rifqi Muhammad Prabowo
Neutralization
 http://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/i
mages/courses/Industrial-Fluid-Mixing-
for-Engineers-ELS115-agitated-vessel-
cc.png

Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or
channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler
or steam generator.
Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at
power plants.
PR!!
Isna Karin Dermayanti
PRIMARY TREATMENT
Three main categories of treatment process
Current processes for the treatment of
wastewater may be divided into three main
categories of :
- primary treatment,
- secondary treatment, and
- tertiary treatment
Total wastewater treatment systems, based
largely upon physical and chemical processes,
also biological processes
 Primary Waste Treatment

Primary sedimentation removes both settle able

and floatable solids.

During primary sedimentation there is a

tendency for flocculent particles to aggregate for
better settling, a process that may be aided by
the addition of chemicals.
 Primary Waste Treatment
The material that floats in the primary settling basin
is known collectively as grease.
In addition to fatty substances, the grease consists of
oils, waxes, free fatty acids, and insoluble soaps
containing calcium and magnesium.

Normally, some of the grease settles with the sludge

and some floats to the surface, where it may be
removed by a skimming device
SECONDARY TREATMENT
Nanda Maulida
 Secondary Waste Treatment by
Biological Processes
The waste is oxidized biologically under
conditions controlled for optimum bacterial
growth.
The most obvious harmful effect of
biodegradable organic matter in wastewater is
BOD, consisting of a biochemical oxygen
demand for dissolved oxygen by
microorganism-mediated degradation of the
organic matter.
 Secondary Waste Treatment by
Biological Processes
Secondary wastewater treatment is designed to
remove BOD, usually by taking advantage of the same
kind of biological processes that would otherwise
consume oxygen in water receiving the wastewater.
Secondary treatment by biological processes takes
many forms but consists basically of the action of
microorganisms provided with added oxygen
degrading organic material in solution or in suspension
until the BOD of the waste has been reduced to
acceptable levels.
 http://www.waterworld.com/content/dam/IWW/volume-13/Issue%205/iww1.gif

EC: Electrocoagulation
TERTIARY TREATMENT
Dessy Fadiilah
 Tertiary Waste Treatment
Unpleasant as the thought may be, many people
drink used waterwater that has been discharged
from a municipal sewage treatment plant or from
some industrial process.
This raises serious questions about the presence of
pathogenic organisms or toxic substances in such
water.
Obviously, there is a great need to treat wastewater
in a manner that makes it amenable (agreeable) to
reuse.
This requires treatment beyond the secondary
processes.
 Tertiary Waste Treatment
Tertiary waste treatment (sometimes called
advanced waste treatment) is a term used to
describe a variety of processes performed on
the effluent from secondary waste treatment.
The contaminants removed by tertiary waste
treatment fall into the general categories of:
(1) suspended solids,
(2) dissolved organic compounds, and
(3) dissolved inorganic materials, including the
important class of algal nutrients.
 Tertiary Waste Treatment
The major problem with dissolved inorganic
materials is that presented by algal nutrients,
primarily nitrates and phosphates.

In addition, potentially hazardous toxic metals may

be found among the dissolved inorganics.

In addition to these chemical contaminants,

secondary sewage effluent often contains a number
of disease-causing microorganisms, requiring
disinfection in cases where humans may later come
into contact with the water
Rahma Dewi Hutami
 Tertiary Waste Treatment
Among the bacteria that may be found in secondary
sewage effluent are organisms causing
tuberculosis,dysenteric bacteria (Bacillus dysenteriae,
Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella paradysenteriae,Proteus
vulgaris), cholera bacteria (Vibrio cholerae), bacteria
causingmud fever (Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae), and
bacteria causing typhoid fever(Salmonella typhosa,
Salmonella paratyphi).

In addition, viruses causing diarrhea, eye infections,

infectious hepatitis, and polio may be encountered.
 Physical-Chemical Treatment of
Municipal Wastewater

Complete physical-chemical wastewater

treatment systems offer both advantages and
disadvantages relative to biological treatment
systems.
 Physical-Chemical Treatment of
Municipal Wastewater

Complete physical-chemical wastewater treatment

systems offer both advantages and disadvantages
relative to biological treatment systems.
The capital costs of physical-chemical facilities can be
less than those of biological treatment facilities, and
they usually require less land.
They are better able to cope with toxic materials and
overloads.
However, they require careful operator control and
consume relatively large amounts of energy.
 Physical-Chemical Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater
Basically, a physical-chemical treatment process
involves:
Removal of scum (precipitates) and solid objects
Clarification, generally with addition of a
coagulant, and frequently with the addition of
other chemicals (such as lime for phosphorus
removal)
Filtration to remove filterable solids
Activated carbon adsorption
Disinfection

Soap scum is an informal term for the

white solid that results from the
addition of soap to hard water
Scum