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Fuel Cell Stack Value Proposition

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Overview

AdvantagesofPEMfuelcelltechnology
Ballardsfuelcellstackportfolio
Competitiveadvantages
Ballardproofpoints
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AdvantagesofPEMFuelCellTechnology
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PEMFuelCellApplications

FuelCellComparison
600C1200C

SOFC(BloomEnergy)

Increasingheat
requirements
management
Temperature
High

MCFC(FuelCellEnergy)

PAFC(DoosanFuelCellAmerica)
60C120C

PEMFC
Low

1KW 10KW 100KW 1MW 10MW

BackupPower DistributedGeneration

MaterialHandling Bus&LightTram

PEMfuelcellshavethegreatestflexibilityacrossallpowerranges
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WhyPEM?
Scalable
o OnlyPEMfuelcellscanbeusedinapplicationsrangingfrommobilephones
topowerstations

Efficient
o PEMfuelcellsarecompactandlightweight,offeringpowerfulelectriccurrent
relativetosizeand4060%efficiency

Reliable
o Reliableanddurable;deployedwithminimalservicerequirementsinarange
ofenvironments

Responsive
o Fasterstartupandrapidresponsetochangesinpowerdemand
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BallardsStackProductPortfolio
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BallardsFuelCellStackPortfolio

AIRCOOLED LIQUIDCOOLED

Primarilyusedinbackuppower
&materialhandlingapplications
COMMERCIAL 400Wto3kW
~410,000hourlifetime
(applicationdependent)
Primarilyusedinmotive(material
handling&bus)applications
3.8kWto22kW
~10,000hourlifetime

Primarilyusedinportablepower
applications
DEVELOPMENT 40W
STAGE
~1,600hourlifetime

BallardCompetitiveAdvantage
Ballard'sfuelcellstackproductsofferanumberofimportant
advantagesrelativetothecompetition:
1. ProprietaryMEA
Over30yearsofproductdevelopment,
Ballardhasrefinedthemembraneelectrode
assembly,acorecomponentofourfuelcell
stackproducts
2. PurposeBuiltDesigns
Achoiceofaircooledorliquidcooledfuel
cellstacksensurespurposebuiltdesigns
optimizedtosuityourpowerapplication
3. VolumeManufacturing
Automatedandcontinuousmanufacturing
processesensurehighquality,lowcost
productiontomeetcustomerdemand
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4. ProvenDurability
Ballardscommercialfuelcellstacksarefully
validated,withmorethan250MWof
productsdeployedwithcustomersaround
theworld
5. SystemIntegrationSupport
OurApplicationsEngineeringteamis
availabletoensurecustomersuccess
throughtheentiresystemdesignand
integrationprocess
6. Tier1Customers
OurextensivecollaborationswithTier1auto
OEMshasdrivenenhancedproduct
durabilityandperformancewhilerapidly
reducedproductcosts
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1.KeyTechnicalStrengths
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ProductDevelopment
Ballardinaleaderinallaspectsofproductdesign&
researchrangingfromcomponentsthroughto
prototypefuelcellstacksandcompletesystems

Utilizeautomotiverobustengineeringdesign
practices
Prototypelightweight,lowpower
o ApplyrigorofaTier1automotivesupplier aircooledfuelcellstackconcept

Keytechnologyadvancements
o Uniquesystemcontrolstrategiesforstart/stopandvoltage
clipping
o Continuousinnovationsrelatedtoflowfieldplatewithflow
guide
o ComponenttechnologiesenablinglowRH,lowcatalyst
loadedMEAs
o Advancedsealingdesignsforextendedlifetimeoperation
o Freezetechnology,enablingrapidstartupatlow
temperature
o Uniquewatermanagement,eliminatesneedforhumidifiers
andenables5,000+operationalhoursincertaindesigns Bipolarplatedesigns
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PatentPortfolio&KnowHow
BallardsIPportfolioconsistsof~200patents/applicationswithaccessto~1,500
patents/applications
o System,stack,andcomponentleveldesign
o Membrane,electrode,catalyst,andmaterials
o Systemandstackoperationandcontrol

Tradesecretsandknowhowarecenteredonpredictivedesignmethods,
acceleratedtestmethods,catalystcoatedmembraneandMEAmanufacturing
processes

Ballardsunparalleleddepthoftechnicalknowledgeandexperience
translatesintoworldleadingfuelcellstacktechnology
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2.AirCooledandLiquidCooledFuelCellStacks
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FuelCellStackDevelopment
Ballardhascompleted>10applicationspecific
stackdesignsforarangeofapplications:
o SeveralwattstomultiMW
o Stationaryandmotiveapplications
o Purehydrogenandreformatefuelstacks

Currentproductlinesprimarilydividedintoair
cooledandliquidcooledcategories
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ProductDifferentiation
AirCooledversusLiquidCooled
RecommendedBOP aircooled liquidcooled
AirSupplySubsystem
Fan,intakefilter,ducting..
Compressor....

Humidifier....
FuelSupplySubsystem

Fuelstorage..

Pressureregulator...

Supplyvalve.

Purgevalve

Anoderecirculationblower Ballard9SSL

CoolantSubsystem

Coolantpump..

Radiator.
BatteryorUltraCapacitors

DCenergystorage...
PowerElectronics

RegulatedDCpower...
Controls

Start/Stop,hybridization..

Ingeneral,aircooledisbetterfor<5kWandliquidcooledisbetterfor>5kW
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FCgen1020ACSFuelCellStack
AirCooled
Lowcostdesign,deliveringrobustandreliableoperationand
incorporatingadvancedopencathodetechnologyandselfhumidifying
MEAtosimplifysystemintegration
KeyAttributes:
o Scalablepoweroutputfrom400Wto3kW
(~41.1Wpercell)
o Opencathodestackeliminateshumidifier,
coolantpump&radiator
o ProducescleanDCpower
o 410,000+houroperatinglifetime
o robustandreliableperformance
o Fuelledwithhydrogen
o Manufacturingcapacityof6,000units
@3kWperyear(expandable)

Customers:
o WidelydeployedthroughintegrationintoBallardsElectraGendirecthydrogen
andmethanolfuelledbackuppowersystems
o AlsopowersPlugPowerslineofGenDrivefuelcellsystemsforelectriclifttrucks
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FCgenmicro
AirCooled
Lowpowerfuelcellstackprototype,designedforintegrationinto
portableapplications
KeyAttributes:
o Ratedpowerof40W
o Compactstackdesign
o Opencathodestackeliminateshumidifier,
coolantpump&radiator
o ProducescleanDCpower
o ~1,600hourlifetime
o Fuelledwithhydrogen

Customers:
o Hasbeenintegratedintoaspecializedwearablefuelcellpowersystemprototype
tobeusedbysoldierstopoweravarietyofdevicesandcarrymoremission
specificequipment,withoutlimitingmobility
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FCvelocity9SSL
LiquidCooled
Designedtomeettherequirementsofmotivepowerapplicationswith
demandingdrivecycles
KeyAttributes:
o Scalablepoweroutputfrom3.8kWto22kW(~192Wpercell)
o AderivativeofBallardsworkinautomotivefuelcelltechnology
o Liquidcooledsystemenableshighdurability
o Designedtowithstandruggedoperating
conditions
o Featuresfast,dynamicresponse
o 10,000+houroperationallifetime
o Fuelledwithhydrogen
o Manufacturingcapacityof3,500units
@20kWperyear(expandable)

Customers:
o WidelydeployedinPlugPowerslineofGenDrivefuelcellsystemsforelectriclift
trucks
o AlsointegratedintoBallardsFCvelocityHDmotivemoduletopowertransit
busesandlightrailvehicles
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3.ManufacturingCapability
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WorldClassProductDevelopment&
ManufacturingCapability
HighvolumePEMfuelcellmanufacturingfacilityin
Burnaby,Canada
o Automatedmanufacturingtechniquesreplacediscrete,
laborintensiveprocessesin110,000squarefootfacility
o Robotics,liquidinjectionmoldingandrolltoroll
processing
o Onsitestackassemblyandqualitytesting
o Sufficientneartermcapacity,withcapabilitytoscaleup
production
o kWscalefuelcellsystemproduction

Flexible,lowcostmanufacturinginfacilitieslocatedin
Hobro,DenmarkandTijuana,Mexico

PerformedcontractmanufacturingforFordand
DaimlerfortheHW2/3carfleets

Automatedandcontinuousmanufacturingprocessesensurehighquality,low
costproductiontomeetcustomerdemand
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4.ProvenDurability
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PerformanceProofPoints
Ballardsproductsdeliveronperformancepromisesinthefield,as
demonstratedbythefollowingproofpoints:

o Ballardhasshippedover250MWofPEMfuelcellstacks
Ballardhasproducedover2.4millionMEAs
Ballardproducedandassembled6,600fuelcellstacksin2014

o Durable,reliablerealworldperformance
TechnologyrecognizedandselectedbymajorautomotiveOEMs
Ballardsleadcustomer,PlugPower,hasmorethan10,000GenDrive units
deployedwithmaterialhandlingcustomers
Ballardpoweredbuseshavetravelledmorethan8 millionkilometersworldwide

Ballardsextensivelistofdeploymentsprovideproofofabilitytodeliver
applicationsolutionstothemostdemandingcustomers
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FuelCellTesting

Productdevelopmentissupportedbystateofthe
artfuelcelltestingfacility
o Collect400,000+hoursannually
o 24/7operation,simulaterealdutycycles
o Teststationcapacity<100Wto333kW

60+automatedteststationsandspecializedtest
tools
o Environmental:10temperatureandhumidity
chambers
o Stackdiagnostics:Currentmapping,reference
electrodes,watermanagement,freezeprotocols,SEM
o Acceleratedstresstests(AST):Membranedurability,
cellreversaltolerance,voltagecycling,start
up/shutdown,icetolerance
TestFacility

Extensivetestingsystemssupportdedicationtoquality
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5.SystemIntegrationSupport
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SystemIntegrationSupport
BallardsApplicationsEngineeringteam
isavailabletoensurecustomersuccess
throughtheentiresystemdesignand
integrationprocess
o Theteamhashelpedcustomers
successfullyintegratefuelcellstacksinto
thousandsoftelecombackupsystems,
forklifttrucksandotherapplications
aroundtheworld
o Wehavesupportedtheintegrationof
morethan100fuelcellbuses,and
numerousfuelcellcars

Guidanceforproductselectionand
systemdesignthroughremoteandon
sitesupport
Servicesrangefrom4hour
introductorycallstoextensivesystem
developmentprograms
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EngineeringReferenceSystems
Referencesystemstoacceleratesystemintegrationand
development
o IncludesfuelcellenginewithkeyBOPcomponents
o Suitableforhybridizationwithcapacitorand/orbattery

Controls
Stack

Hydrogen
Humidification Recirculation

AirSupply
CoolantFlowand
TemperatureControl
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6.Tier1Customers
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BlueChipPartners&EndUsers

Telecom Backup Power Material Handling

Plug Power Customers

Bus Technology Solutions

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ExperiencedAutomotiveFuelCell
Supplier
Ballardhassupplied>500fuelcellproductsand1,000sof
engineeringhoursprovidingTechnologySolutionsto8ofthetop
automotivecompanies themostdemandingcustomers
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CaseStudy:Volkswagen
Ongoing,multiyearengineeringservicescontractinvolvesthe
designandmanufactureofnextgenerationfuelcellstacksforuse
inthedemonstrationcarprogram
Ballardengineersareleadingcriticalareasoffuelcellproduct
design includingthemembraneelectrodeassembly(MEA),plate
andstackcomponents alongwithtestingandintegrationwork
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CaseStudy:PlugPower
BallardisaleadingsupplieroffuelcellstacksforPlugPowers
GenDrivesystems
o FCgen1020ACSaircooledstacksusedinGenDrivesystemstopowerClass
3palletjacks
o FCvelocity9SSLliquidcooledstacksusedinsystemstopowerClass2reach
trucksandClass1counterbalancedlifttrucks
o Ballardsleadcustomer,PlugPower,hasmorethan10,000GenDrive units
deployedwithmaterialhandlingcustomers
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Conclusion
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WhyBallard?
Expertise
o Teamwithdecadesspentintheindustryandunparalleleddepthoftechnical
knowledgeandexperience

SystemIntegrationCapability
o Extensivestackandsystemintegrationcapabilitieswhichenable
developmentofcompletesolutionsthatmeetorexceedcustomer
specifications

Scope
o Breadthofproductandsolutionsportfolio

Flexibility
o OnlyPEMcompanytooffermultiplecoolingoptionsandfuelflexible
solutionswithreformatecapabilities

Proven
o Ballardsextensivelistofdeploymentsprovideproofofabilitytodeliver
applicationsolutionstothemostdemandingcustomers
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BallardProofPoints
Publiclylistedcompany(TSX:BLD,NASDAQ:BLDP)
CorporateStability
Transparentreportingoffinancialresources

IndustryPioneer Over30yearsofexpertiseinPEMfuelcelltechnology

PEMfuelcellindustryleadingposition,withaccessto~1,700patentsandpatent
ExtensiveIPPortfolio applications

Morethan$1billioninvestedintechnologydevelopment
PEMStackLeadership Over250MWoffuelcellproductsshippedand2millionmembraneelectrode
assemblesproduced

MajorautomotiveOEMshavechosenBallardtechnologytosupporttheirfuelcell
programs,includingVolkswagen,Daimler,Ford,Honda,Toyota,NissanandAudi
CustomerReferences
Ballardsleadcustomer,PlugPower,hasmorethan10,000GenDrive unitsdeployed
withmaterialhandlingcustomers

Dedicatedgrouptosupportcustomersfuelcelldevelopmentandcommercialization
IntegratorSupport programs

ISO9001&ISO140001registeredcompany
FocusonQuality Stateoftheartfuelcelltestingfacility,collecting400,000+hoursoftestdata
annually

LocalandGlobalPresence DirectcommercialpresenceinEurope,SouthAfrica,Malaysia,USA,Canada
Directsupport&servicepresenceinUSA,Canada,Europe,Malaysia
Globalnetworkofchannelandservicepartners
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Fuel Cell Stack Value Proposition