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Water Balance

Study Questions
Check your answers to the questions from each of the Sample pages, as shown below.

1. What changes in urine output do you expect to see in each of the protocols?

Protocol 1 - Control (Prediction)

Protocol 2 - Hyposmotic Solution (Prediction)

Protocol 3 - Isosmotic Sodium Chloride Solution (Prediction)

Protocol 4 - Hyperosmotic Glucose Solution (Prediction)

2. What is the osmolarity of the fluid in the interstitial space in the renal cortex? Is it the same throughout that space?
3. What is the osmolarity of the fluid in the interstitial space in the renal medulla? Is it the same throughout that space?

4. What hormone is involved in regulating renal water excretion? What normally inhibits the release of this hormone?

5. In question 4 you stated what normally inhibits the release of the hormone controlling water excretion. From your
own experience, identify two situations where this inhibition is over-ridden. For each situation explain the physiological
advantage of over-riding this inhibition.

Situation 1

Situation 2
Results: Flow and Specific gravity

Urine Flow Rate

Protocol 1 Protocol 2 Protocol 3 Protocol 4


Sample No.
Flow (mL/min) Flow (mL/min) Flow (mL/min) Flow (mL/min)
Sample 1 0.50 0.80 0.28 0.53
Sample 2 1.00 1.25 1.10 1.20
Sample 3 0.00 5.00 2.25 1.00
Sample 4 0.00 8.00 6.25 0.25
Sample 5 0.00 6.25 7.00 0.00
Sample 6 0.00 2.50 3.00 0.00
Sample 7 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.25
Urine Specific Gravity

Protocol 1 Protocol 2 Protocol 3 Protocol 4


Sample No.
Specific Gravity Specific Gravity Specific Gravity Specific Gravity
Sample 1 1.025 1.024 1.022 1.022
Sample 2 0.000 1.022 0.000 1.025
Sample 3 0.000 1.000 1.010 0.000
Sample 4 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000
Sample 5 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000
Sample 6 0.000 1.005 1.003 0.000
Sample 7 1.030 1.014 0.000 1.024

6. From your data, estimate the maximum volume of water that you could drink over sixty minutes while still remaining
in water balance?

7. What would happen if your water intake over sixty minutes significantly exceeded the maximal volume you could
excrete in this period? Why could this be life threatening?

8. Provide a physiological explanation for the results for the isosmotic sodium chloride solution and the hyposmotic
solution (Protocol 3 - green vs Protocol 2 - blue)?

9. Provide a physiological explanation for the results for the hyperosmotic glucose solution and the hyposmotic
solution (Protocol 4 - pink vs Protocol 2 - blue)?
10. Reflect on your predictions for the trends of each protocol in the spaces below.

Protocol 1 - Control (Result)

Protocol 2 - Hyposmotic Solution (Result)

Protocol 3 - Isosmotic Sodium Chloride Solution (Result)

Protocol 4 - Hyperosmotic Glucose Solution (Result)


Analysis: Urine Flow and Specific Gravity Relationship

11. Explain the relationship, shown in the graph above, between the urine flow rate and specific gravity.

2006-2012 ADInstruments

RAW DATA

"Prior to lab" 120


"Sample 1 (0 min)" 0 60 0.50 1.025
"Sample 2 (20 min)" 20 20 1.00 0
"Sample 3 (40 min)" 40 0 0.00 0
"Sample 4 (60 min)" 60 0 0.00 0
"Sample 5 (80 min)" 80 0 0.00 0
"Sample 6 (100 min)" 100 0 0.00 0
"Sample 7 (120 min)" 120 40 2.00 1.03

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