11/25/2017 Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials

Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!
Ads by Google Stainless Steel Rods Classical Music Debt Collection & Repossession Mathematics Plastics & Poly
Custom Search Search - "the most efficient way to navigate!"

Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials
Young's Modulus - Tensile Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity - for steel, glass, wood and other common materials
Sponsored Links

Security that scales

with your business.
Tensile Modulus - Young's Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. It is used to describe the elastic properties of objects like wires, rods or columns when they are stretched or compressed.

Tensile Modulus is defined as the

"ratio of stress (force per unit area) along an axis to strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis"

It can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is less than the yield strength of the material.

Tensile Modulus
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity) Ultimate Tensile Strength Yield Strength
Material -E- - u - - y -
(MPa) (MPa)
(106 psi) (GPa)
ABS plastics 1.4 - 3.1 40
A53 Seamless and Welded Standard Steel Pipe - Grade A 331 207
A53 Seamless and Welded Standard Steel Pipe - Grade B 414 241
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade A 400 248
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade B 483 345
A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe - Grade C 483 276
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 1 345 207
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 2 414 241
A252 Piling Steel Pipe - Grade 3 455 310
A501 Hot Formed Carbon Steel Structural Tubing - Grade A 400 248
A501 Hot Formed Carbon Steel Structural Tubing - Grade B 483 345
A523 Cable Circuit Steel Piping - Grade A 331 207
A523 Cable Circuit Steel Piping - Grade B 414 241
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade Ia & Ib 483 345
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade II 414 345
A618 Hot-Formed High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing - Grade III 448 345
API 5L Line Pipe 310 - 1145 175 - 1048
Acetals 2.8 65
Acrylic 3.2 70
Aluminum Bronze 120
Aluminum 10.0 69 110 95
Aluminum Alloys 10.2
Antimony 11.3
Aramid 70 - 112
Beryllium (Be) 42 287
Beryllium Copper 18.0
Bismuth 4.6
170
Bone, compact 18
(compression)
Bone, spongy 76
Boron 3100
Brass 102 - 125 250
Brass, Naval 100
Bronze 96 - 120
CAB 0.8
Cadmium 4.6
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic 150
Carbon nanotube, single-walled 1000+
Cast Iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 170
Cellulose, cotton, wood pulp and regenerated 80 - 240
Cellulose acetate, molded 12 - 58
Cellulose acetate, sheet 30 - 52
Cellulose nitrate, celluloid 50
Chlorinated polyether 1.1 39
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC) 2.9
Chromium 36
Cobalt 30
Concrete 17
40
Concrete, High Strength (compression) 30
(compression)
Copper 17 117 220 70
Diamond (C) 1220
50
Douglas fir Wood 13
(compression)
Epoxy resins 3-2 26 - 85
Fiberboard, Medium Density 4
Flax fiber 58
50
Glass 50 - 90
(compression)
Glass reinforced polyester matrix 17
Gold 10.8 74
Granite 52
Graphene 1000
Grey Cast Iron 130
Hemp fiber 35
Inconel 31
Iridium 75
Iron 28.5 210
Lead 2.0
Magnesium metal (Mg) 6.4 45
Manganese 23
Marble 15

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html 1/5
11/25/2017 Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials
Tensile Modulus
(Young's Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity) Ultimate Tensile Strength Yield Strength
Material -E- - u - - y -
(MPa) (MPa)
(106 psi) (GPa)
MDF - Medium-density fiberboard 4
Mercury
Molybdenum (Mo) 40 329
Monel Metal 26
Nickel 31 170
Nickel Silver 18.5
Nickel Steel 29
Niobium (Columbium) 15
Nylon-6 2-4 45 - 90 45
Nylon-66 60 - 80
Oak Wood (along grain) 11
Osmium (Os) 80 550
Phenolic cast resins 33 - 59
Phenol-formaldehyde molding compounds 45 - 52
Phosphor Bronze 116
Pine Wood (along grain) 9 40
Platinum 21.3
Plutonium 14 97
Polyacrylonitrile, fibers 200
Polybenzoxazole 3.5
Polycarbonates 2.6 52 - 62
Polyethylene HDPE (high density) 0.8 15
Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET 2 - 2.7 55
Polyamide 2.5 85
Polyisoprene, hard rubber 39
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 2.4 - 3.4
Polyimide aromatics 3.1 68
Polypropylene, PP 1.5 - 2 28 - 36
Polystyrene, PS 3 - 3.5 30 - 100
Polyethylene, LDPE (low density) 0.11 - 0.45
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.4
Polyurethane cast liquid 10 - 20
Polyurethane elastomer 29 - 55
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 2.4 - 4.1
Potassium
Rhodium 42
Rubber, small strain 0.01 - 0.1
Sapphire 435
Selenium 8.4
Silicon 16 130 - 185
Silicon Carbide 450 3440
Silver 10.5
Sodium
Steel, High Strength Alloy ASTM A-514 760 690
Steel, stainless AISI 302 180 860 502
Steel, Structural ASTM-A36 200 400 250
Tantalum 27
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.5
Thorium 8.5
Tin 47
Titanium 16
Titanium Alloy 105 - 120 900 730
Tooth enamel 83
Tungsten (W) 400 - 410
Tungsten Carbide (WC) 450 - 650
Uranium 24 170
Vanadium 19
Wrought Iron 190 - 210
Zinc 12

1 Pa (N/m2) = 1x10-6 N/mm2 = 1.4504x10-4 psi

1 MPa = 106 N/m2 = 0.145x103 psi (lbf/in2) = 0.145 ksi
1 GPa = 109 N/m2 = 106 N/cm2 = 103 N/mm2 = 0.145x106 psi (lbf/in2)
1 psi (lb/in2) = 0.001 ksi = 144 psf (lbf/ft2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2

Note! - the online pressure converter can be used to convert between Tensile modulus units.

Strain -
Strain is "deformation of a solid due to stress" - change in dimension divided by the original value of the dimension - and can be expressed as

= dL / L (1)

where

= strain (m/m) (in/in)

dL = elongation or compression (offset) of the object (m) (in)

L = length of the object (m) (in)

Stress -
Stress is force per unit area and can be expressed as

=F/A (2)

where

= stress (N/m2, lb/in2, psi)

F = force (N, lb)

A = area of object (m2, in2)

tensile stress - stress that tends to stretch or lengthen the material - acts normal to the stressed area
compressive stress - stress that tends to compress or shorten the material - acts normal to the stressed area
shearing stress - stress that tends to shear the material - acts in plane to the stressed area at right-angles to compressive or tensile stress

Young's Modulus - Tensile Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity - E

Young's modulus can be expressed as

E = stress / strain

= (F / A) / (dL / L) (3)

where

E = Young's modulus (N/m2, lb/in2, psi)

named after the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html 2/5
11/25/2017 Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials
Elasticity
Elasticity is a property of an object or material which will restore it to its original shape after distortion.

A spring is an example of an elastic object - when stretched, it exerts a restoring force which tends to bring it back to its original length. This restoring force is in general proportional to the stretch described by Hooke's Law.

Hooke's Law
One property of elasticity is that it takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far. That linear dependence of displacement upon stretching force is called Hooke's law which can be expressed as

Fs = -k dL (4)

where

Fs = force in the spring (N)

k = spring constant (N/m)

dL = elongation of the spring (m)

Note that Hooke's Law can also be applied to material undergoing three dimensional stress (triaxial loading).

Yield strength - y
Yield strength is defined in engineering as the amount of stress (Yield point) that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation.

Yielding - a material deforms permanently

The Yield Point is in mild- or medium-carbon steel the stress at which a marked increase in deformation occurs without increase in load. In other steels and in nonferrous metals this phenomenon is not observed.

Ultimate Tensile Strength - u

The Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS - of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy.

Related Topics
Mechanics - Forces, acceleration, displacement, vectors, motion, momentum, energy of objects and more
Material Properties - Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more
Statics - Loads - force and torque, beams and columns
Sponsored Links

Related Documents
Stress, Strain and Young's Modulus - Stress is force per unit area - strain is the deformation of a solid due to stress
Plastics - Abbreviations - Commonly used plastic abbreviations
Stress in Thick-Walled Cylinders - or Tubes - Radial and tangential stress in thick-walled cylinders or tubes with closed ends - with internal and external pressure
Compression and Tension Strength of some common Materials - Common materials and average ultimate compression and tension strength
Engineering Materials - Typical properties of engineering materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and composites
Thermal Expansion - Stress and Force - Stress and force when thermal expansion is restricted
Bolt - Stress Area - Stress area in UN and UNR bolts
Poisson's ratio - When a material is stretched in one direction it tends to get thinner in the other two directions
Euler's Column Formula - Buckling of columns
Cantilever Beams - Moments and Deflections - Maximum reaction force, deflection and moment - single and uniform loads
Thermoplastics - Physical Properties - Physical properties of some thermoplastics like ABS, PVC, CPVC, PE, PEX, PB and PVDF
Rotating Bodies - Stress - Stress in rotating disc and ring bodies
Modulus of Rigidity - Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity) is the elasticity coefficient for shearing or torsion force
Young's Modulus of Elasticity for Metals and Alloys - Elastic properties and Young's modulus for metals and alloys like cast iron, carbon steel and more
Bolt Stretching - Bolt stretching according Hooke's Law
Steels - Endurance Limits and Fatigue Stress - Endurance limits and fatigue stress for steels
Speed of Sound Formulas - Calculation formulas for velocity of sound - sonic velocity - in gases, fluids or solids
Weight of Beam - Stress and Strain - Stress and deformation of a vertical beam due to it's own weight
Barlow's Formula - Internal, Allowable and Bursting Pressure - Calculate pipes internal, allowable and bursting pressure
Temperature and Strength of Metals - Influence of temperature on strength of metals
Timber - Section Sizes - Basic size, area, moments of inertia and section modulus for timber - metric units
Structural Lumber - Properties - Properties of structural lumber
Harmonic Oscillator - A simple harmonic oscillator
Poisson's Ratio for some common Metals - Some metals and their Poisson's Ratio
Stiffness - Stiffness is resistance to deflection
Stress - Stress is force applied on cross-sectional area
Aluminum Alloys - Mechanical Properties - Mechanical properties of aluminum alloys - tensile strength, yield strength and more
ABS Pipes - Pressure Ratings - Pressure ratings of ABS 1208, ABS 1210, ABS 1316 and ABS 2112
Square Hollow Structural Sections - HSS - Weight, cross sectional area, moments of inertia - Imperial units
Steel Angles with Unequal Legs - Dimensions and static parameters of steel angles with unequal legs - metric units
Three-Hinged Arches - Continuous and Point Loads - Support reactions and bending moments
Trusses - Common types of trusses
Sponsored Links

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html 3/5
11/25/2017 Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials

Tag Search
en: tensile elastic young's modulus hook elasticity
es: mdulo de elasticidad gancho de traccin del joven elstica
de: Elastizittselastizittsmodul Hakens Elastizitt

Search the Engineering ToolBox

Search - "the most efficient way to navigate!"

Ads by Google

Stainless Steel Rods Material Properties Pressure Pipe

Conversion Calculator Steel Plate How to Size a Pipe

Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your SketchUp model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension/Plugin - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free
SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro . Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the Sketchup Extension Warehouse!

Translate the ToolBox

Arabic - Chinese (Simplified) - Chinese (Traditional) - Dutch - French - German - Italian - Japanese - Korean - Portuguese - Russian - Spanish - - Select Your own language . .

About the ToolBox

We appreciate any comments and tips on how to make The Engineering ToolBox a better information source. Please contact us by email

editor.engineeringtoolbox@gmail.com

if You find any faults, inaccuracies, or otherwise unacceptable information.

The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be double checked with alternative sources. All applicable national and local regulations and practices
concerning this aspects must be strictly followed and adhered to.

This site use third-party cookies. More info here.

Advertise in the ToolBox

If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords.

Home
Acoustics
Air Psychrometrics
Basics
Combustion
Drawing Tools
Dynamics
Economics
Electrical
Environment
Fluid Mechanics
Gases and Compressed Air
HVAC Systems
Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Insulation
Material Properties
Mathematics
Mechanics
Miscellaneous
Physiology

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html 4/5
11/25/2017 Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus - and Tensile Modulus for common Materials
Piping Systems
Process Control
Pumps
Standard Organizations
Statics
Steam and Condensate
Thermodynamics
Water Systems

Ads by Google

Data Management

Technology News

A Stainless Steel

Alloy

Unit Converter
Temperature

0.0

o
C
o
F

Convert!

Length

1.0

km

in

ft

yards

miles

nautical miles

Convert!

Volume

1.0

m3

liters

in3

ft3

us gal

Convert!

Weight

1.0

kgf

lbf

Convert!

Velocity

1.0

m/s

km/h

ft/min

ft/s

mph

knots

Convert!

Pressure

1.0

Pa (N/m2)

bar

mm H2O

kg/cm2

psi

inches H2O

Convert!

Flow

1.0

m3/s

m3/h

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html 5/5