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Stellarium comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. See the COPYING file for details.
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1. INTRODUCTION 6. THANKS
2. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 7. NOTE
3. REQUIREMENT 8. FULL REFERENCES & CREDITS
4. QUICK START 9. LICENSE
5. CONFIGURATION 10. APPENDIX
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1. INTRODUCTION
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Stellarium is a free GPL software which renders realistic skies in real time
with OpenGL. It is available for Linux/Unix, Windows and MacOSX. With
Stellarium, you really see what you can see with your eyes, binoculars or a
small telescope.
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2. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
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Please see the INSTALL file.
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3. REQUIREMENTS
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Windows or linux/POSIX or CYGWIN or MACOSX environment
A 3d OpenGL 2.1+ acceleration card with GLSL1.30 and a good CPU.
On Windows, ANGLE can be used if graphics card supports DirectX9+ with PS_3_0.
If all else fails, MESA can be used to emulate the graphics card,
of course with a massive slowdown.
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4. QUICK START
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Navigation :
Use the direction keys or drag with the mouse to move the point of view.
Use page up and page down keys or mouse wheel to zoom in and out.
Use left mouse button to select an object, right button to select no object and
middle mouse button or SPACE to center on the selected object.
Zooming on nebulas or planets is very interesting....
Use J, K and L to increment/decrement time speed.
Press the F1 key for more help.
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5. CONFIGURATION
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From version 0.6.0 the most useful configuration options can be set from within
the program.
You can however change it by hand in the file config.ini in the user data
directory. See http://www.stellarium.org/doc/0.16.1/fileStructure.html
for more details on the location of the user data directory for your OS.
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6. THANKS
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++ Special thanks to ++
Rob Spearman (Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc.) for his help and
financial support.
Valery Lainey for his L1 and MarsSat ephemeris and his prompt an kind
help with any question concerning planetary/satellite ephemeris.
Norbert Zacharias from USNO for kindly sending a cut of the NOMAD
catalogue on 4 DVD, answering NOMAD related questions, and finally
copying the entire NOMAD catalogue onto a disk.
++ Thanks to ++
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7. NOTE
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This program is free, but if you have nothing to do with your
money, just go there and do something useful with it :
https://www.greenpeace.com/forms/gpicontr.html
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8. FULL REFERENCES & CREDITS
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1. Technical Articles
1.1 The tone reproductor class
The class mainly performs a fast implementation of the algorithm
from the paper [1], with more accurate values from [2]. The blue
shift formula is taken from [3] and combined with the Scotopic
vision formula from [4].
[1] "Tone Reproduction for Realistic Images", Tumblin and
Rushmeier, IEEE Computer Graphics & Application, November
1993
[2] "Tone Reproduction and Physically Based Spectral Rendering",
Devlin, Chalmers, Wilkie and Purgathofer in EUROGRAPHICS
2002
[3] "Night Rendering", H. Wann Jensen, S. Premoze, P. Shirley,
W.B. Thompson, J.A. Ferwerda, M.M. Stark
[4] "A Visibility Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for High
Dynamic Range Scenes", G.W. Larson, H. Rushmeier, C. Piatko
1.2 The skylight class
The class is a fast implementation of the algorithm from the
article "A Practical Analytic Model for Daylight" by A. J.
Preetham, Peter Shirley and Brian Smits.
1.3 The skybright class
The class is a fast reimplementation of the VISLIMIT.BAS basic
source code from Brad Schaefer's article on pages 57-60, May
1998 _Sky & Telescope_, "To the Visual Limits". The basic
sources are available on the Sky and Telescope web site.
(code "offered as-is and without support.")
1.4 The Delta-T calculations
For implementation of calculation routines for Delta-T we used the
following sources:
[1] Delta-T webpage by Rob van Gent:
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/deltat/deltat.htm
[2] "Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses", Espenak and Meeus
http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/deltatpoly2004.html
[3] "On the system of astronomical constants", Clemence, G. M.,
Astronomical Journal, Vol. 53, p. 169
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948AJ.....53..169C
[4] "The Rotation of the Earth, and the Secular Accelerations of the
Sun, Moon and Planets",
Spencer Jones, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
99 (1939), 541-558
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939MNRAS..99..541S
[5] "Polynomial approximations for the correction delta T E.T.-U.T. in
the period 1800-1975",
Schmadel, L. D.; Zech, G., Acta Astronomica, vol. 29, no. 1, 1979,
p. 101-104.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979AcA....29..101S
[6] "ELP 2000-85 and the dynamic time-universal time relation",
Borkowski, K. M.,
Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 205, no. 1-2,
Oct. 1988, p. L8-L10.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A&A...205L...8B
[7] "Empirical Transformations from U.T. to E.T. for the Period 1800-
1988",
Schmadel, L. D.; Zech, G., Astronomische Nachrichten 309, 219-221
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988AN....309..219S
[8] "Historical values of the Earth's clock error DeltaT and the
calculation of eclipses",
Morrison, L. V.; Stephenson, F. R., Journal for the History of
Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286),
Vol. 35, Part 3, No. 120, p. 327 - 336 (2004)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHA....35..327M
[9] "Addendum: Historical values of the Earth's clock error", Morrison,
L. V.; Stephenson, F. R.,
Journal for the History of Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286), Vol. 36,
Part 3, No. 124, p. 339 (2005)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JHA....36..339M
[10] "Polynomial approximations to Delta T, 1620-2000 AD", Meeus, J.;
Simons, L.,
Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol.110, no.6, 323
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JBAA..110..323M
[11] "Einstein's Theory of Relativity Confirmed by Ancient Solar
Eclipses", Henriksson G.,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ASPC..409..166H
[12] "Canon of Solar Eclipses" by Mucke & Meeus (1983)
[13] "The accelerations of the earth and moon from early astronomical
observations",
Muller P. M., Stephenson F. R.,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975grhe.conf..459M
[14] "Pre-Telescopic Astronomical Observations", Stephenson F. R.,
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978tfer.conf....5S
[15] "Long-term changes in the rotation of the earth - 700 B.C. to A.D.
1980",
Stephenson F. R., Morrison L. V.,
Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 313,
no. 1524, Nov. 27, 1984, p. 47-70.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984RSPTA.313...47S
[16] "Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD
1990",
Stephenson F. R., Morrison L. V.,
Philosophical Transactions: Physical Sciences and Engineering,
Volume 351, Issue 1695, pp. 165-202
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995RSPTA.351..165S
[17] "Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation" by F. R. Stephenson
(1997)
http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511525186
[18] "Astronomical Algorithms" by J. Meeus (2nd ed., 1998)
[19] "Astronomy on the Personal Computer" by O. Montenbruck & T.
Pfleger (4nd ed., 2000)
[20] "Calendrical Calculations" by E. M. Reingold & N. Dershowitz (2nd
ed., 2001)
[21] DeltaT webpage by V. Reijs:
http://www.iol.ie/~geniet/eng/DeltaTeval.htm
1.5 An accurate long-time precession model compatible with P03:
J. Vondrak, N. Capitaine, P. Wallace: New precession expressions, valid
for long time intervals.
Astronomy&Astrophysics 534, A22 (2011); DOI: 10.1051/0004-
6361/201117274
1.6 Nutation:
Dennis D. McCarthy and Brian J. Lizum: An Abridged Model of the
Precession-Nutation of the Celestial Pole.
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 85: 37-49, 2003.
This model provides accuracy better than 1 milli-arcsecond in the time
1995-2050. It is applied for years 1500..2500 only.
3. Data
3.1 The Hipparcos star catalog
From ESA (European Space Agency) and the Hipparcos mission.
ref. ESA, 1997, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, ESA SP-1200
http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/I/239
3.2 The solar system data mainly comes from IMCCE and partly from
Celestia.
3.3 Polynesian constellations are based on diagrams from the Polynesian
Voyaging Society
3.4 Chinese constellations are based on diagrams from the Hong Kong
Space Museum
3.5 Egyptian constellations are based on the work of Juan Antonio
Belmonte, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
3.6 The Tycho-2 Catalogue of the 2.5 Million Brightest Stars
Hog E., Fabricius C., Makarov V.V., Urban S., Corbin T.,
Wycoff G., Bastian U., Schwekendiek P., Wicenec A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 355, L27 (2000)>
http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/cats/I/259
3.7 Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset (NOMAD) version 1
http://www.nofs.navy.mil/nomad
Norbert Zacharias writes:
"There are no fees, both UCAC and NOMAD are freely available
with the only requirement that the source of the data (U.S.
Naval Observatory) and original product name need to be provided
with any distribution, as well as a description about any
changes made to the data, if at all."
The changes made to the data are:
-) try to compute visual magnitude and color from the b,v,r
values
-) compute nr_of_measurements = the number of valid b,v,r values
-) throw away or keep stars (depending on magnitude,
nr_of_measurements, combination of flags, tycho2 number)
-) add all stars from Hipparcos (incl. component solutions), and
tycho2+1st supplement
-) reorganize the stars in several brigthness levels and
triangular zones according to position and magnitude
The programs that are used to generate the star files are called
"MakeCombinedCatalogue", "ParseHip", "ParseNomad", and can be
found in the util subdirectory in source code. The position,
magnitudes, and proper motions of the stars coming from NOMAD
are unchanged, except for a possible loss of precision,
especially in magnitude. When there is no v-magnitude, it is
estimated from r or b magnitude. When there is no b- or v-
magnitude, the color B-V is estimated from the other magnitudes.
Also proper motions of faint stars are neglected at all.
3.8 Stellarium's Catalog of Variable Stars based on General Catalog of
Variable
Stars (GCVS) version 2013Apr.
http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/gcvs/
Samus N.N., Durlevich O.V., Kazarovets E V., Kireeva N.N., Pastukhova
E.N.,
Zharova A.V., et al., General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-
2012)
http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?cat=B%2Fgcvs&
3.9 Consolidated DSO catalog was created from various data:
[1] NGC/IC data taken from SIMBAD Astronomical Database
http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr
[2] Distance to NGC/IC data taken from NED (NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC
DATABASE)
http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu
[3] Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless, 1959) taken from VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/20
[4] H- emission regions in Southern Milky Way (Rodgers+, 1960) taken
from
VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/216
[5] Catalogue of Reflection Nebulae (Van den Bergh, 1966) taken from
VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/21
[6] Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds, 1962) taken from
VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/7A
[7] Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae (Lynds, 1965) taken from VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/9
[8] Catalog of bright diffuse Galactic nebulae (Cederblad, 1946) taken
from
VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/231
[9] Barnard's Catalogue of 349 Dark Objects in the Sky (Barnard, 1927)
taken
from VizieR
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VII/220A
[10] A Catalogue of Star Clusters shown on Franklin-Adams Chart Plates
(Melotte, 1915) taken from NASA ADS
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1915MmRAS..60..175M
[11] On Structural Properties of Open Galactic Clusters and their
Spatial
Distribution. Catalog of Open Galactic Clusters. (Collinder, 1931)
taken
from NASA ADS
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931AnLun...2....1C
[12] The Collinder Catalog of Open Star Clusters. An Observers
Checklist.
Edited by Thomas Watson. Taken from CloudyNights
http://www.cloudynights.com/page/articles/cat/articles/the-
collinder-catalog-updated-r2467
3.10 Cross-identification of objects in consolidated DSO catalog was maked
with:
[1] SIMBAD Astronomical Database
http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr
[2] Merged catalogue of reflection nebulae (Magakian, 2003)
http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=J/A+A/399/141
[3] Messier Catalogue was taken from Wikipedia (includes morphological
classification and distances)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Messier_objects
[4] Caldwell Catalogue was taken from Wikipedia (includes
morphological classification and distances)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldwell_catalogue
3.11 Morphological classification and magnitudes (partially) for Melotte
catalogue was taken from
DeepSkyPedia
http://deepskypedia.com/wiki/List:Melotte
4. Graphics
4.1 All graphics are copyrighted by the Stellarium's Team (GPL) except
the ones mentioned below :
4.2 The "earthmap" texture was created by NASA (Reto Stockli, NASA Earth
Observatory) using data from the MODIS instrument aboard the
Terra satellite (Public Domain). See chapter 10.1 for full
credits.
4.4 Moon texture map was combined from maps by USGS Astrogeology Research
Program,
http://astrogeology.usgs.gov (Public Domain, DFSG-free) and by Lunar
surface textures from Celestia, based on Clementine data (Public
Domain).
4.5a Saturn map and ring textures created by Bjrn Jnsson:
"All the planetary maps available on these pages are publicly
available. You do not need a special permission to use them but if
you do then please mention their origin in your work [..]"
4.5b Jupiter map created by James Hastings-Trew from Cassini data. "The
maps are free to download and use as source material or resource
in artwork or rendering (CGI or real time)."
4.5c The Venus, Amalthea, Proteus, Iapetus and Phoebe maps and rings of
Uranus
and Neptune are from Celestia (http://shatters.net/celestia/) under the
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9. LICENSE
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Copyright (C) 2004-2016 Fabien Chereau et al.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA.
See the COPYING file for more information regarding the GNU General
Public License.
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10 APPENDIX :
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10.1 Full credits for image 4.2 :
Author: Reto Stockli, NASA Earth Observatory,
rstockli (at) climate.gsfc.nasa.gov
Address of correspondance:
Reto Stockli
ETH/IAC (NFS Klima) & NASA/GSFC Code 913 (SSAI)
University Irchel
Building 25 Room J53
Winterthurerstrasse 190
8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Phone: +41 (0)1 635 5209
Fax: +41 (0)1 362 5197
Email: rstockli (at) climate.gsfc.nasa.gov
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
http://www.iac.ethz.ch/staff/stockli
Supervisors:
Fritz Hasler and David Herring, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Funding:
This project was realized under the SSAI subcontract 2101-01-027
(NAS5-01070)
License :
"Any and all materials published on the Earth Observatory are
freely available for re-publication or re-use, except where
copyright is indicated."