Primary Tissues

Different tissues have different structures that

are suited to their functions
Tissues are classified into four main
categories:
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

1
 Epithelial Tissue
Covers the outside of
the body and lines the
organs and cavities
within the body
It contains cells that are
closely joined
The shape of epithelial
cells may be
Squamous,
cuboidal,
columnar,
The arrangement of
epithelial cells may be:
simple (single cell layer),
stratified (multiple
layers of cells), or
pseudostratified (a single
layer of cells of varying
length)
2
 Figure 40.5aa

Epithelial Tissue
Stratified squamous
epithelium

Basement
membrane

Pseudostratified
Cuboidal Simple columnar Simple squamous columnar
epithelium epithelium epithelium epithelium

3
 Simple Squamous Epithelium
Lines blood vessels and air sacs in lungs
Permits exchange of materials by diffusion

4
 Simple Cuboidal and
Columnar Epithelia
Line passageways
Specialized for secretion and absorption

microvilli

5
 Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Forms outer layer of skin
Lines passageways into the body
Provides protection

6
 Pseudostratified Epithelium
Lines passageways
Protects underlying tissues

7
 Glands= Specialized epithelial tissue

Goblet cells
unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucus
Exocrine glands
secrete product through a duct onto exposed
epithelial surface

Endocrine glands
release hormones into interstitial fluid or blood

8
 Unicellular glands
Cilia (goblet cells)

Basement
membrane
(a) Goblet cells.

Skin

(b) Sweat gland. (c) Parotid salivary gland.

9
Fig. 38-1, p. 809
10
 Connective Tissue
Mainly binds and supports other tissues
Made of three main elements:
Ground substance (fluid, jellylike, solid)
Fibers (example: collagen, elastic)
Cells (example: fibrocytes, blood cells)

Extracellular matrix consists of fibers

embedded in ground substance.

11
 Figure 40.5ba

Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue
Collagenous fiber Blood
Plasma
White
blood cells
120 m

55 m
Elastic fiber Red blood cells
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue
Chondrocytes

100 m
30 m

Chondroitin sulfate
Nuclei Bone Adipose tissue
Central
canal Fat droplets
700 m

Osteon 150 m
12
 Muscle Tissue
It is divided in the vertebrate body into three types:
Skeletal muscle, or striated muscle, is
responsible for voluntary movement
Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary
body activities
Cardiac muscle is responsible for contraction of
the heart

13
 Figure 40.5ca

Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle
Nuclei

Muscle
fiber
Sarcomere

100 m

Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

Nucleus Muscle fibers 25 m Nucleus Intercalated disk 50 m

14
 Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue senses stimuli and transmits signals
throughout the animal
Nervous tissue contains
Neurons, or nerve cells, that transmit nerve
impulses
Glial cells, or glia, that help nourish, insulate,
and replenish neurons

15
 Figure 40.5da

Nervous Tissue
Neurons Glia Glia 15 m

Neuron:
Dendrites
Cell body
Axons of
Axon neurons
40 m

Blood
vessel
(Fluorescent LM) (Confocal LM)

16