Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Edited in 2015 (version 2)

International Baccalaureate Organization 2012 5045

Contents

Prior learning 2
Topics 3
Topic 1Algebra 3
Topic 2Functions and equations 4
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry 4
Topic 4Vectors 5
Topic 5Statistics and probability 5
Topic 6Calculus 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 1

 Formulae

Prior learning

Area of a parallelogram A= b h

1
Area of a triangle =
A (b h)
2

1
Area of a trapezium =
A ( a + b) h
2

Area of a circle A = r 2

Circumference of a circle C = 2r

1
Volume of a pyramid =V (area of base vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) V =l w h

Volume of a cylinder V = r 2 h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder A= 2rh

4 3
Volume of a sphere V= r
3

1 2
Volume of a cone V= r h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and d= ( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 + ( z1 z2 ) 2

( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2

with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) ,,
2 2 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 2

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an un = u1 + (n 1) d
arithmetic sequence

The sum of n terms of an n n

arithmetic sequence S n= ( 2u1 + (n 1) d )= (u1 + un )
2 2
The nth term of a un = u1r n 1
geometric sequence

The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )

=
finite geometric sequence S = , r 1
r 1 1 r
n

The sum of an infinite u1

geometric sequence S = , r <1
1 r

1.2 Exponents and logarithms ax = b x = log a b

Laws of logarithms log c a + log c b =log c ab

a
log c a log c b =log c
b
log c a = r log c a
r

log c a
Change of base log b a =
log c b

1.3 n n!
Binomial coefficient =
r r !(n r )!

n n
Binomial theorem (a + b) n = a n + a n 1b + + a n r b r + + b n
1 r

Mathematics SL formula booklet 3

Topic 2Functions and equations
2.4 Axis of symmetry of graph b
of a quadratic function f ( x) =
ax 2 + bx + c axis of symmetry x =

2a

2.6 Relationships between a x = e x ln a

logarithmic and
exponential functions
log a a x= x= a loga x

2.7 Solutions of a quadratic

b b 2 4ac
equation ax 2 + bx + c= 0 x= , a0
2a
Discriminant = b 2 4ac

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1 Length of an arc l =r

1
Area of a sector A = r2
2

3.2 sin
Trigonometric identity tan =
cos

3.3 Pythagorean identity cos 2 + sin 2 =

1
Double angle formulae sin 2 = 2sin cos
cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2 = 2cos 2 1 = 1 2 sin 2

3.6 a 2 + b2 c2
Cosine rule c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C ; cos C =
2ab

a b c
Sine rule = =
sin A sin B sin C

1
Area of a triangle A = ab sin C
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 4

Topic 4Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector v = v12 + v2 2 + v32

4.2 Scalar product v w = v w cos

v w =v1w1 +v2 w2 +v3 w3

Angle between two v w

cos =
vectors v w

4.3 Vector equation of a line r = a + tb

Topic 5Statistics and probability

5.2 Mean of a set of data n

i =1
fi xi
x= n

i =1
fi

5.5 n ( A)
Probability of an event A P ( A) =
n (U )

Complementary events P ( A) + P ( A ) =1

5.6 Combined events P(A B )= P ( A)+ P ( B) P ( A B)

Mutually exclusive events P(A B)= P ( A)+ P ( B)

Conditional probability P(A B )= P (A) P (B | A)

Independent events P(A B)= P ( A) P ( B)

5.7 Expected value of a E ( X ) = = x P ( X = x)

discrete random variable X x

5.8 n r
Binomial distribution X ~ B(n , p) P ( X= r )= p (1 p) n r , r= 0,1, , n
r

Mean E ( X ) = np

Variance Var ( X ) = np (1 p)

5.9 Standardized normal x

variable z=

Mathematics SL formula booklet 5

Topic 6Calculus
6.1 dy f ( x + h) f ( x )
Derivative of f ( x) y = f ( x) = f ( x) = lim
dx h 0
h

6.2 Derivative of x n f ( x) =
xn f ( x) =
nx n 1

Derivative of sin x f ( x) =sin x f ( x) =cos x

Derivative of cos x f ( x) =
cos x f ( x) =
sin x

1
Derivative of tan x f ( x) =tan x f ( x) =
cos 2 x

Derivative of e x f ( x) =
ex f ( x) =
ex

1
Derivative of ln x f ( x) =ln x f ( x) =
x

dy dy du
Chain rule y = g (u ) , u =f ( x) =
dx du dx

dy dv du
Product rule y =uv =u + v
dx dx dx

du dv
v u
u dy
Quotient rule y= = dx 2 dx
v dx v

6.4 Standard integrals

x n +1
x= + C , n 1
n
dx
n +1

1
x dx =ln x + C , x>0

sin x dx =
cos x + C

cos x=
dx sin x + C

e d=
x ex + C
x

6.5 Area under a curve b

between x = a and x = b A = y dx
a

Volume of revolution b

about the x-axis from x = a

V= a
y 2 dx
to x = b

6.6 Total distance travelled t2

from t1 to t 2
distance = t1
v(t ) dt

Mathematics SL formula booklet 6