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1
Determination of standard or normal consistency of hydraulic cement
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Reference
The reference standards for this test are
B.S 12
ASTM C-187-04
1.3 Apparatus
1.4 Materials
The cement paste must be properly mixed and placed in the test specimen within a
maximum time of 41/4 min from the instant when cement and water were initially
brought in contact.
The temperature of the air in the vicinity should be between 20-27.5 C. The
temperature of the mixing water should be 232 C. The relative humidity of the
laboratory should not be less than 50%.
Cement conforming to this standard shall, when appropriately mixed with aggregate and water,
be capable of producing mortar or concrete which retains workability for a sufficient time and
shall after defined periods attain specified strength levels and also possess long-term volume
stability.
Mix 500g of cement with a measured quantity of water and make a cement paste as
per the standard procedure.
Put the cement paste in the ring of the Vicat apparatus and remove the excess paste
with the help of a trowel.
Center the paste confined in the ring, resting on the plate, under the rod B, Fig. 1, the
plunger end C of which shall be brought in contact with the surface of the paste, and
tighten the set-screw E.
Then set the movable indicator F to the upper zero mark of the scale, or take an initial
reading, and release the rod immediately. This must not exceed 30 s after completion
of mixing.
The apparatus shall be free of all vibrations during the test.
The paste shall be of normal consistency when the rod settles to a point 10mm 1
mm below the original surface in 30 s after being released.
Make trial pastes with varying percentages of water until the normal consistency is
obtained. Make each trial with fresh cement.
Experiments have found that the %age of water added to obtain normal consistency is
about 22% to 30% of the amount of cement
14
12
10
Penetration (mm)
0
23.5 24 24.5 25 25.5 26 26.5 27 27.5
%age of water
Fig 1.2
From the interpolation of the data we get the standard consistency of cement against 10mm
penetration of plunger as 25%
1.9 Precautions
The cement paste must be properly mixed and placed in the test specimen within a
maximum time of 41/4 min from the instant when cement and water were initially
brought in contact.
The temperature of the air in the vicinity should be between 20-27.5 C. The
temperature of the mixing water should be 232 C. The relative humidity of the
laboratory should not be less than 50%.
There should be no vibration on the working table.
The plunger should be cleaned during every repetition
1.10 Comments
The test conditions i.e. temperature and relative humidity were close to the standard
conditions.
The obtained normal consistency of cement is 25% which is in the range 22 to 30%