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Circulating System
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- Mud Pumps -Mud Pits
Drilling fluid
There are several different types of drilling fluids, based on both their composition and use. The
three key factors that drive decisions about the type of drilling fluid selected for a specific well are:
Cost
Technical performance
Environmental impact.
Drill-in fluids
Drilling into a pay zone with a conventional fluid can introduce a host of previously undefined risks,
all of which diminish reservoir connectivity with the wellbore or reduce formation permeability. This
is particularly true in horizontal wells, where the pay zone can be exposed to the drilling fluid over a
long interval.
Water-based
Oil-based
Synthetic-based
Water-based fluids
Water-based fluids (WBFs) are used to drill approximately 80% of all wells. [2] The base fluid may be
fresh water, seawater, brine, saturated brine, or a formate brine. The type of fluid selected depends
on anticipated well conditions or on the specific interval of the well being drilled
Oil-based fluids
Oil-based systems were developed and introduced in the 1960s to help address several drilling
problems:
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Formation clays that react, swell, or slough after exposure
Increasing downhole temperatures
Contaminants
Stuck pipe and torque and drag
All-oil fluids
Normally, the high-salinity water phase of an invert-emulsion fluid helps to stabilize reactive shale
and prevent swelling. However, drilling fluids that are formulated with diesel- or synthetic-based oil
and no water phase are used to drill long shale intervals where the salinity of the formation water is
highly variable. By eliminating the water phase, the all-oil drilling fluid can preserve shale stability
throughout the interval.
Pneumatic-drilling fluids
Compressed air or gas can be used in place of drilling fluid to circulate cuttings out of the wellbore.
Pneumatic fluids fall into one of three categories:
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Translate
Sistema de circulacin
El lodo de perforacin es una parte importante para el
trabajo de perforacin para mantener el pozo; Fresco,
lubricar y soportar el conjunto de bits y de perforacin y
as sucesivamente, lo ms importante, quitar cortes de
bien.Entonces aqu es un problema, la reutilizacin de los
lodos de perforacin. Entonces es el momento para que el
barro sistema de circulacin para venir aqu.
Costo
rendimiento tcnico
Impacto ambiental.
Fluidos de perforacin
La perforacin en una zona de pago con un fluido convencional puede introducir una gran cantidad
de riesgos previamente definida, todos los cuales disminuyen la conectividad del yacimiento con el
pozo o reducen permeabilidad de la formacin. Esto es particularmente cierto en los pozos
horizontales, donde la zona de pago puede estar expuesta al fluido de perforacin durante un
intervalo de tiempo
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Basado en agua
Basado en aceite
Sinttico basado
El tipo de fluido seleccionado depende de las condiciones del pozo anticipados o en el intervalo
especfico del pozo que se est perforando.
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slo el aire o gas
fluido aireado
Espuma
Glossary
Maintain.- mantener
Wellbore.- pozo
Most.- mas
Reuse.- reutilizar
Phase.- fase
Treatment.- tratamiento
Key.- llave
Pay.- paga
Risks.- riesgos
Cuttings.- esquejes
Brine.- salmuera
Effectiveness.- eficacia
Exposed.- expuesto
Depends.- depende
Shales.- esquistos
Several.- varios
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://oilfield.gnsolidscontrol.com/mud-circulating-system/
http://petrowiki.org/Drilling_fluid_types
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