BAB III

HITUNGAN GAYA BATANG

A. KETENTUAN UMUM

Jarak gording : 1.0443 m

Direncanakan ukuran kayu : 6/10
Jarak kuda-kuda : 3,10m
Kayu kelas kuat II, Kruing mutu A
Berat Jenis (Kruing) : 0.79 gr/cm3 (PKKI-1961)
790 kg/m3
3
Berat atap (Sirap) PPI-1983 : 40 kg/m
Kemiringan atap : 40
lt : 100 kg/cm 2
Ell : 100.000 kg/ cm 2

B. GAYA YANG BEKERJA

5.1. Beban Tetap

a. Berat Gording
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P 7 b.h.l.BJ = 0,10 0,12 3,10 790 = 18.228 kg

b. Beban Atap
Atap Sirap q = 40 kg/m 2 aturan PPI 1983

P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 l.L.q 1.0443.3.10.40 = 129.4932kg

P1 P 7 =(1/2). l . L. q = (1/2) . 1,0443 . 3.10 . 40 = 64.7466 kg

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 c. Beban kuda-kuda
Beban alat sambung = 10 % beban kuda-kuda

q = L . b . h . BJ .1,1
jumlah tit ik buhul - 1

22.3218 0,06 0,10 x 790 x 1,1

q = = 8.6988 kg
12 - 1

P1 P7 = (1/2) . 8.6988 = 4.3494 kg

d. Beban Plafon dan Rangka Kayu
q = 18 kg/m 2 Plafon dan penggantung PPI 1983 dan PMI 1970

P1 P7 =(1/2). l . L . q = (1/2) .0.80 . 3,10. 18 = 22.32 kg

P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 l . L . q = 0.80.310.18= 44.64 kg

e. Beban pekerja
PPI 1983 beban hidup (orang) = 100 kg

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P 6 P 7 = 100 kg
5.2. Beban yang ditumpu masing-masing titik buhul
P = Beban Gording + beban atap + beban kuda-kuda + beban plafon + beban pekerja

P1 P 7 = 18.228 + 64.7466 + 4.3494+ 22.32 + 100 = 209.644 kg

P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 = 18.228 + 129.4932 + 8.6988 + 0+100 = 256.420 kg

P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 = 0 + 0 + 8.6988 + 44.64+ 0 = 53.3388 kg

5.3. beban Angin

beban angin daerah Perdalaman q = 25 kg/m 2
= 40
Koefisien angin (e) tekan = (0,02 . 0,4)
= (0,02 . 40 0,4)
= 0,4
Koefisien angin hisap = - 0,4 untuk semua
Jarak gording (L) = 1,0.443 m
Beban angin tekan = P = q . e . l =25 . 0.4 . 1.0443= 10.443 kg/m

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 Beban angin hisap
P =q.e.l
= 25 . (-0.4) . 1,0443
= - 10.443 kg/m
a. Angin kiri
Angin tekan kiri
-Wt 1 = Wt 4 = (1/2) .P.L =(1/2)* 10.443* 3.10 = 16.1867 kg

-Wt 2 = Wt 3 =P.L = 10.443* 3.10 = 32.3733 kg

Angin hisap kiri

-Wh 1 = Wh 4 =(1/2) .P.L= (1/2) * (-10.443) * 3.10 =-16.1867kg

-Wh 2 = Wh 3 = (-10.443) *3.10= -32.3733 kg

b. Angin kanan
Karena sudut kemiringan = 40 maka nilai keduanya sama
Angin tekan kanan
-Wt 1 = Wt 4 = 16.1867 kg

-Wt 2 = Wt 3 = 32.373 kg

Angin hisap kanan

-Wh 1 = Wh 4 = -16.1867 kg

-Wh 2 = Wh 3 = -32.373 kg

5.4. Hitung Reaksi

a. Beban Tetap

RA=RB

MB = 0

RAV.4.8 [P1.4.8-[[P2+P8].1]-[[P3+P9].5]-[[P4+P10]-3,6]-[[P5+P11].1,6]

- [[P6+P12].0.80]-[P7.0] = 0

= RAV.4.8 (209.644 *4.8)-(( 309.7588)*1)- ((309.7588)*5)- ((309.7588)*3.6)-

((309.7588)*1.6) -(( 309.7588)*0.80) = 0

= RAV.4.8-1006.2912- 309.7588-1548.794-1115.13168-495.61408-247.80704-0

= 4.8 RAV =1006.2912+ 309.7588+1548.794+1115.13168+495.61408+247.80704-0

= R AV 4723.3968 / 4.8 = 984.041kg

= R BV R AV = 984.0410 kg

= R AV R BV (P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 ) = 0

= 984.0410 +984.0410 1968.0820 =0 ok

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 Menghitung gaya batang dengan menggunakan Metode Joint

Joint A

P1 Fv = 0

R AV P1 F1 . Sin 40 =0
F1 Sin 40

984.0410 209.644 F1 .Sin 40 =0

F4 Cos 40 F2 F1.Sin 40 = -984.0410 + 209.644

984.0410+209.644
F1 = 40
=-1204.7479 kg
R AV

FH = 0
F2 + F1.Cos40 = 0
F2 +1204.7479 . Cos 40
F2 = 1204.7479 * Cos 40
= 922.8904 kg

Joint D
Fv = 0
F3 P8 0

F3 53.338. kg
FH = 0
F6 F2 = 0
F6 = 922.8904 kg

Joint C
P2

F4 Cos 40

F4 Sin 40

F1 Sin 40
F5 Sin 40

F1 Cos 40

F5 Cos 40

F3

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 Fv = 0
F4 Sin 40+P2+ F1 Sin 40+F5 Sin 40+F3=0
F4 Sin 40-F5 Sin 40=P2+F1* Sin 40+F3=0
F4 Sin 40-F5 Sin 40= 256.420 +1204.7479 *0.6428+ 53.3388 =0
F4 Sin 40- F5 Sin 40 = -1084.1708 kg
F4-F5 =-1084.1708 / Sin 40 =-1084.1708 /0.6428 =-1686.6378 kg (..1)
FH = 0
-F1 Cos 40+F4 Cos 40+ F5 Cos 40
F4 Cos 40+ F5 Cos 40= F1 Cos 40
F4+F5 = F1
F4+F5 = -1204.7479 kg (.2)
Dari Persamaan 1 dan 2 makan diperoleh :
F4-F5 = -1686.6378 F4+F5 = -1204.7479
F4+F5 = -1204.7479 + F5 = -1204.7479 - (-1445.6929)
2F4=-2891.3857 F5 = -2650.4408 kg
F4=-2891.3857/2= -1445.6929 kg

Joint F

F7

F5 Cos 40

F5 Sin 40

F10
F6

P9

Fv = 0
F7-P9 +F5 Sin 40 = 0
F7 = 53.3388-(-2650.4408 * Sin 40)
F7 = 53.3388-(-2650.4408 * 0.6428)
F7 = 1757.0093 kg

FH = 0
F10-F6 -F5 Cos 40 = 0
F10=922.8904 -(-2650.4408 * Cos 40)
F10= 922.8904 -(-2650.4408 * 0.7660)
F10= 922.8904 -(-2030.2377) = 2953.1281 kg

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 Joint E

P3

F8 Cos 40

F4 Sin 40
F9 Sin 59.21
F4 Cos 40
F9 Cos 59.21

F7

Fv = 0

F8 Sin 40=P3+ F9 Sin 59.21+F4 Sin 40+F7=0

F8 Sin 40- F9 Sin 59.21+= F3+F4 Sin 40+F7=0

F8 Sin 40- F9 Sin 59.21=256.420 +((-1445.6929)* Sin 40)+1757.0093

F8 Sin 40-F9 Sin 59.21= 256.420 +((-1445.6929)* 0.6427876)+ 1757.0093

F8 Sin 40-F9 Sin 59.21= 1084.1558

0.6427876*F8 - 0.859049252*F9= 1084.1558 kg (Persamaan..1) ( Sin (90)

FH = 0

-F4 Cos 40+F9 Cos 59.21+ F8 Cos 40=0

F8 Cos 40+F9 Cos 59.21 =F4 Cos 40

F8 Cos 40+F9 Cos 59.21 =-1445.6929 Cos 40

F8 Cos 40+F9 Cos 59.21 =-1107.4650

0.766044 . F8 +0.51189294 .F9 =-1107.4650 (Persamaan ..2) (Cos 0)

Dari Persamaan 1 dan 2 makan diperoleh :

0.6427876.F8 - 0.859049252.F9= -1084.1558 kg *2

0.766044.F8 +0.51189294.F9 =-1107.4650 kg * 1.678199262

F8 -1.7180985. F9 = -2168.3116
F8 +0.85905873. F9 = -1858.5478 -
- 2.577147756 F9 = -309.7638
F9 = -309.7638/(2.577147756 ) = -120.1964Kg

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 Subtitusikan

F8 -1.7180985.F9 = -2168.3116

F8 =(-1.7180985*(-120.196368)) = -2168.3116

F8 =(-206.5092) = -2168.3116

F8 = -2168.3116+(-206.5092)

F8 = -2374.8208 kg

Joint G

P4 Fv = 0
-P4-F8 sin 40 - F12 Sin 40- F11=0
F12 Sin 40+ F11 = P4-F8 sin 40
F12 Sin 40+ F11 =256.420 (-2374.8208 *sin 40)
F12 Sin 40+ F11 = 1782.9254 kg
F12 Sin 40
F8 Sin 40

F11 = 1782.9254 + 2374.8208

F11 = 4157.7462 kg
F12 Cos 40
F8 Cos 40

F11
Karena kuda-kuda dimetri maka joint selanjutnya dapat diketahui.

Daftar Gaya batang Akibat Beban Tetap

BATANG./
GAYA BATANG (kg)
JOINT
Tekan Tarik
1 -1204.7479
2 922.8904
3 53.3388
4 -1445.6929
5 -2650.4408
6 922.8904
7 1757.0093
8 -2374.8208
9 -120.1964
10 2953.1281
11 4157.7462
12 -2374.8208
13 -120.1964
14 2953.1281
15 1757.0093
16 -1445.6929

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 17 -2650.4408
18 922.8904
19 53.3388
20 -1204.7479
21 922.8904

b. Angin kiri
-Wt 1 = Wt 4 = (1/2) .P.L =(1/2)* 10.443* 3.10 = 16.1867 kg

-Wt 2 = Wt 3 =P.L = 10.443* 3.10 = 32.373 kg

c. Angin hisap kiri

-Wh 1 = Wh 4 = (1/2) . (-10.443) . 3,10
= -16.1867 kg
-Wh 2 = Wh 3 = -10.443. 3,10

= 32.3733 kg

Gambar Uraian Beban Angin Kiri

Angin kiri (tekan)

- PAV = PGV= Wt 1 .cos 40 = 16.1867. cos 40 = 12.3997 kg
- PAH = PGH= Wt 1 . sin 40 = 16.1867sin 40 = 10.4046 kg
- PCV = PEV = Wt 2 .cos 40 = 32.3733. cos 40 = 24.7994 kg
- PCH = PEH = Wt 2 . sin 40 = 32.3733.sin 40 = 20.8092 kg

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 Angin hisab kiri
- PBV = PGV = Wh1.Cos = (-16.1867) . Cos 40 = -12.3997kg
- PBH = PGH = Wh1.Sin = (-16.1867) . Sin 40 = -10.4046 kg
- PIV = PKV = Wh2 .Cos = (-32.3733) . Cos 40 = -24.7994 kg
- PIH = PKH = Wh2 . Sin = (-32.3733) . Sin 40 = -20.8092 Kg

Hitung Reaksi

MB = 0

RAV.4.8+PAV.4.8-PCH.0.6713+PCV.6.0-PEH.1.0443+PEV.4.8-PGH.2.0138-PGV.3.6-
PGH.2.0138+PGV.3,6-PIH.1.0443-PIV.1.6-PKH.0.6713-PKV.0.80=0

RAV.4.8+(12.3997*4.8)-(20.8092*0.6713)+(24.7994*6.0)-(20.8092*1.0443)+

(24.7994*4.8)-(10.4046*2.0138)-((-12.3997*3.6)-((-10.4046)*2.0138)+((-12.3997)*3.6)-

((-20.8092)*1.0443)-((-24.7994)*1.6)-((-20.8092)*0.6713)-((-24.7994)*0.80)

RAV.4.8+59.5186-13.9692+148.7964-21.7310+119.037-20.9528-(-44.6389)-

(- 20.9528)- (-44.6389)-(-21.7310)-(-39.6790)-(-13.9692)-(-19.8395)=0

4.8 RVA= 476.1483 RAV =476.1483 / 4.8 = 99.1975 kg.m

MB = 0

-RBV.4.8+PBV.4.8+PKV.6+PIV.1,6+PGV.3,6-PGV.3,6-PEV.4.8-PCV.0.80+

PKH.0,6713+PIH.1.0443+PGH.2,01378+PGH.2,0138+PEH.1,0443+PCH.0,6713=0

RBV.4.8+((-12.3997(.4.8)+((-24.7994).6)+((-24.7994).1.6)+((-12.3997).3,6)-

(12.3997.3,6)- (10.4046*4.8)-(10.4046.0.80) +((-20.8092).0.6713) +((-20.8092.1.0443)+

((-10.4046).2,0138) +(10.4046.2.0138)+ (20.8092.1.0443)+( 24.7994.0.6713)=0

-RBV.4.8+(-59,5186)+(-148.796)+(-39.6790)+(-44.6389)-( 44.6389)-(49.9421)-(8.3227)

+(-13.9692) +(-21.7310) +(-20.9528) + (20.9528)+ (21.7310) +16.6478+ 0

4.8 RBV = -392.8576 RBV =(-392.8576) / 4.8 =-81.8453kgm

FV = 0

RAV - PAV + PCV + PEV + PGV PGV PIV PKV PBV = 0

99.197563- 12.3997+ 24.7994 + 24.7993 + (-12.3997)-12.3997-

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 (-24.7994)-(- 24.7994)- (-12.3997) = 0

99.1975-99.1975 0 Ok !

FH = 0

- RAH + PAH + PCH + PEH + PGH + PGH + PIH + PKH + PBH = 0

- RAH + 10.4046 + 20.8092 + 20.8092 + 10.4046 + 10.4046+ 20.8092+20.8092

+ 10.4046) = 0

-RAH +124.8552 =0
RAH= 124.8552 kg

Gambar Gaya yang bekerja akibat Beban Angin Kiri

Gaya Batang Akibat Beban Angin Kiri

Batang Tekan [Kg] Tarik [Kg]

1 121.22
2 -125.97
3 0.0000 0.0000
4 26.9001
5 -26.9003
6 75.7121
7 13.4498
8 40.3506
9 -35.5854
10 52.4156
11 -26.8998
12 33.6256

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 13 71.1709
14 -17.4739
15 -26.8997
16 60.5266
17 53.8006
18 -64.0670
19 0.0000 0.0000
20 87.4275
21 -64.0670

d. Angin Kanan
-Wt 1 = Wt 4 = (1/2) .P.L =(1/2)* 10.443* 3.10 = 16.1867 kg

-Wt 2 = Wt 3 =P.L = 10.443* 3.10 = 32.373 kg

e. Angin hisap kanan

-Wh 1 = Wh 4 = (1/2) . (-10.443) . 3,10
= -16.1867 kg
-Wh 2 = Wh 3 = -10.443. 3,10

= -32.3733 kg

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 Gambar Uraian Beban Angin kanan

Angin kanan(tekan)
- PAV = PGV= Wt 1 .cos 40 = 16.1867. cos 40 = 12.3997 kg
- PAH = PGH= Wt 1 . sin 40 = 16.1867sin 40 = 10.4046 kg
- PCV = PEV = Wt 2 .cos 40 = 32.3733. cos 40 = 24.7994 kg
- PCH = PEH = Wt 2 . sin 40 = 32.3733.sin 40 = 20.8092 kg

Angin hisab kanan

- PBV = PGV = Wh1.Cos = (-16.1867) . Cos 40 = -12.3997kg
- PBH = PGH = Wh1.Sin = (-16.1867) . Sin 40 = -10.4046 kg
- PIV = PKV = Wh2 .Cos = (-32.3733) . Cos 40 = -24.7994 kg
- PIH = PKH = Wh2 . Sin = (-32.3733) . Sin 40 = -20.8092 Kg

Hitung Reaksi

MB = 0

RAV.4.8+PAV.4.8-PCH.0.6713+PCV.6.0-PEH.1.0443+PEV.4.8-PGH.2.0138-PGV.3.6-
PGH.2.0138+PGV.3,6-PIH.1.0443-PIV.1.6-PKH.0.6713-PKV.0.80=0

RAV.4.8+(12.3997*4.8)-(20.8092*0.6713)+(24.7994*6.0)-(20.8092*1.0443)+

(24.7994*4.8)-(10.4046*2.0138)-((-12.3997*3.6)-((-10.4046)*2.0138)+((-12.3997)*3.6)-

((-20.8092)*1.0443)-((-24.7994)*1.6)-((-20.8092)*0.6713)-((-24.7994)*0.80)

RAV.4.8+59.5186-13.9692+148.7964-21.7310+119.037-20.9528-(-44.6389)-

(- 20.9528)- (-44.6389)-(-21.7310)-(-39.6790)-(-13.9692)-(-19.8395)=0

4.8 RVA= 476.1483 RAV =476.1483 / 4.8 = 99.1975 kg.m

MB = 0

-RBV.4.8+PBV.4.8+PKV.6+PIV.1,6+PGV.3,6-PGV.3,6-PEV.4.8-PCV.0.80+

PKH.0,6713+PIH.1.0443+PGH.2,01378+PGH.2,0138+PEH.1,0443+PCH.0,6713=0

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 RBV.4.8+((-12.3997(.4.8)+((-24.7994).6)+((-24.7994).1.6)+((-12.3997).3,6)-

(12.3997.3,6)- (10.4046*4.8)-(10.4046.0.80) +((-20.8092).0.6713) +((-20.8092.1.0443)+

((-10.4046).2,0138) +(10.4046.2.0138)+ (20.8092.1.0443)+( 24.7994.0.6713)=0

-RBV.4.8+(-59,5186)+(-148.796)+(-39.6790)+(-44.6389)-( 44.6389)-(49.9421)-(8.3227)

+(-13.9692) +(-21.7310) +(-20.9528) + (20.9528)+ (21.7310) +16.6478+ 0

4.8 RBV = -392.8576 RBV =(-392.8576) / 4.8 =-81.8453kgm

FV = 0

RAV - PAV + PCV + PEV + PGV PGV PIV PKV PBV = 0

99.197563- 12.3997+ 24.7994 + 24.7993 + (-12.3997)-12.3997-

(-24.7994)-(- 24.7994)- (-12.3997) = 0

99.1975-99.1975 0 Ok !

FH = 0

- RAH + PAH + PCH + PEH + PGH + PGH + PIH + PKH + PBH = 0

- RAH + 10.4046 + 20.8092 + 20.8092 + 10.4046 + 10.4046+ 20.8092+20.8092

+ 10.4046) = 0

-RAH +124.8552 =0
RAH= 124.8552 kg

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 Gambar Gaya yang bekerja akibat Beban Angin Kanan

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