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By adding an -issimo ending, the word is amplified or made louder. By adding an -ino or -
etto ending, the word is diminished or made softer. The beats per minute (BPM) values
are rough approximations.
Obsolete term:
Tardo - slow, common marking in Italian and German works of the 16th-17th
century, but later replaced by other terms[6]
Additional terms
A piacere the performer may use his or her own discretion with regard to tempo
and rhythm; literally "at pleasure"[7]
A tempo resume previous tempo
L'istesso, L'istesso tempo, or Lo stesso tempo at the same speed; L'istesso is used
when the actual speed of the music has not changed, despite apparent signals to
the contrary, such as changes in time signature or note length (half notes in 4/4
could change to whole notes in 2/2, and they would all have the same
duration)[8][9]
Tempo comodo at a comfortable (normal) speed
Tempo di... the speed of a ... (such as Tempo di valse (speed of a waltz, 60 bpm),
Tempo di marcia (speed of a march, 120 bpm))
Tempo giusto at a consistent speed, at the 'right' speed, in strict tempo
Tempo semplice simple, regular speed, plainly
Tempo primo resume the original (first) tempo
Common qualifiers
Note: In addition to the common allegretto, composers freely apply Italian diminutive and
superlative suffixes to various tempo indications: andantino, larghetto, adagietto, and
larghissimo.
Some markings that primarily mark a mood (or character) also have a tempo connotation:
While the base tempo indication (such as allegro) appears in large type above the staff,
these adjustments typically appear below the staff or (in the case of keyboard
instruments) in the middle of the grand staff.
They generally designate a gradual change in tempo; for immediate tempo shifts,
composers normally just provide the designation for the new tempo. (Note, however, that
when Pi Mosso or Meno Mosso appears in large type above the staff, it functions as a
new tempo, and thus implies an immediate change.) Several terms, e.g., assai, molto,
poco, subito, control how large and how gradual a change should be (see common
qualifiers).
After a tempo change, a composer may return to a previous tempo in two different ways:
a tempo returns to the base tempo after an adjustment (e.g. "ritardando ... a
tempo" undoes the effect of the ritardando).
Tempo primo or Tempo I denotes an immediate return to the piece's original
base tempo after a section in a different tempo (e.g. "Allegro ... Lento ... Moderato
.... Tempo I" indicates a return to the Allegro). This indication often functions as a
structural marker in pieces in binary form.
These terms also indicate an immediate, not a gradual, tempo change. Although they are
Italian, composers typically use them even if they have written their initial tempo marking
in some other language.