Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) .

2012 119

TRAO OI

CUOC KHANG CHIEN CHONG PHAP CUA TRNG NH

KHONG NAM NGOAI CHU TRNG CUA VUA T C
Nguyen ac Xuan*

Nhan en tham quan en th va lang mo cua

Trng nh ng Ly Thng Kiet, phng
1, th xa Go Cong, tnh Tien Giang, mot anh
ban nha van cung i ch mot trong nhng tam
bien treo tren vach en th va hoi toi:
- Anh ngh g ve noi dung tam bien viet: Trieu
nh Hue khong nhn nhan chung ta, nhng
chung ta c bao ve to quoc chung ta... Tuyen bo
cua Trng nh tra li th du hang cua Bo-Na
mot thang cuoi nam 1862. (Hnh 1).
B hoi hi ot ngot nen toi phai nh than mot
chut roi mi ap c:
- Toi khong ro cau nay c trch t tai lieu
Chan dung Trng nh, trch goc nao. Noi ve hnh thc th toi thay co 2 viec
trong Viet Nam the ky 19 cua khong chuan:
Nguyen Phan Quang, Nxb Tp
Ho Ch Minh, tr. 427. 1. Trch th Trng nh tra li cho Bonard
(ngoi th hai) th phai viet la chung toi (ngoi
th nhat, so nhieu co ngha la Trng nh va
ngha quan cua ong) ch? Sao lai la chung ta?
Bonard ng cung phe vi Trng nh a?
2. Nam 1862, dan toc ta cha dung ch to quoc,
ma thng dung t sn ha, xa tac ma thoi. Cho
Trng nh dung ch to quoc th mi qua, de
Hnh 1. Tam bien gan tren vach gay ra cho khach tham quan cam giac ngi thi
en th Trng nh tai
nay ba ra bc th cua Trng nh, ch khong
th xa Go Cong.
phai cua Trng nh. Noi ve noi dung (neu ay
la tai lieu lch s co that, ch sai cach dung ch cua ngi dch ma thoi), th
co hai cach hieu:
- Trng nh chong lenh trieu nh Hue bat mnh phai ngng chien
au va rut i ni khac, ong bat chap lenh ay, van tiep tuc chieu mo ngha
quan bam tru a ban, the khang Phap en cung.

* Thanh pho Hue.

120 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

- Trng nh on cho trieu nh Hue, chng to trieu nh Hue a

thc hien nghiem tuc Hoa c Nham Tuat (1862) loai bo lc lng ngha
quan cua Trng nh roi, Trng nh t nay nam ngoai vong cng toa
cua trieu nh Hue. Trieu nh Hue khong con trach nhiem g ve s ton tai
cua Trng nh Nam Ky na. Toi thien ve cach ngh th hai nay.
Anh ban nha van bao toi:
- La mot ngi nghien cu trieu Nguyen, anh nen viet ro ve cach ngh
cua anh e ngi xem bao tang, ngi hoc lch s hieu ung lch s.
- Vang, toi se co gang.
*
* *
Hang tram nam nay a co nhieu bai, nhieu cong trnh, nhieu hoi
thao nghien cu ve ngi anh hung dan toc Trng nh, a a vao sach
giao khoa, trong bai viet nay toi khong lap lai ma ch xin can c tren cac
bo s chnh thc cua Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen (ai Nam liet truyen,
ai Nam thc luc chnh bien, Quoc trieu chanh bien toat yeu) va cac tai
lieu cua thc dan Phap e tm hieu chnh sach cua trieu Nguyen, cu the
la cua vua T c oi vi cuoc khang chien chong Phap cua Trng nh
nh the nao ma thoi.
Nhieu s sach a viet: Trng nh (1820-1864) ngi goc Quang
Ngai, con quan Lanh binh Trng Cam. Nam 1844, ong theo cha vao Go
Cong. Nam 1854, ong nh gia nh v la ba Le Th Thng giup mo dan
khan hoang lap on ien vung at thap ven bien. Ong co long thng dan,
lai co tai to chc, nen quy tu c nhieu ngi theo ong khai khan at ai
lap nen on ien Gia Thuan hoan chnh, san xuat tot. ac biet dan on
ien c ong to chc thanh nhng n v dan quan, khi nong nhan th lo
luyen tap quan s, san sang tran ap bon trom cp. Hang nam, nha nc
to chc cho dan on ien thao dt Sai Gon, dan quan Gia Thuan cua
Trng nh luon luon c bieu dng. Khi quan Phap anh chiem Nam
Ky (1859), oi quan on ien cua Trng nh chuyen qua chong ngoai
xam. Thang 2 nam 1859, quan Phap anh chiem thanh Gia nh, Nguyen
Tri Phng xay luy Ch Hoa e chong gi, Trng nh em quan on
ien len ong Thuan Kieu ho tr, giup quan Nguyen anh thang nhieu
tran Cay Mai, Th Nghe, v.v... Chien cong c nhac en nhieu la tran
anh ngay 17/12/1860, ngha quan cua Trng nh phuc kch mot ni
gan chua Khai Tng (v tr xay dng nha th c Ba sau nay), giet c
ten ai uy thuy quan luc chien Barbe. Quan cong cua Trng nh c
tau ve Hue cho vua T c. Nha vua rat mng va phong cho Trng nh
lam Quan c (trat Chanh t pham), roi giao cho chc Pho Lanh binh (chc
vo quan nam quan oi mot tnh). Viec nay c ai Nam thc luc chnh
bien (viet tat la Thc luc) - bo s bien nien chnh thc cua trieu Nguyen,
ghi lai nh sau:
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012 121

Thang 8 AL (1861)
Pho Quan c Gia nh la Trng nh (ngi huyen Bnh Sn, tnh
Quang Ngai, con ten Lanh binh Trng Cam), chieu mo nhng thu dong,
co nhieu ngi i theo, thng cung quan Tay dng chong anh nhau ac
lc, Th Tuan phu la o Quang em viec tau len. Vua cat nhac cho lam
Quan c, roi lnh chc Pho Lanh binh. Khi ay o Quang chieu vo Trng
nh mo thanh 6 c, gan hn 6.000 ngi. Tri phu phu Phuc Tuy la Nguyen
Thanh Y, tuy phai la Phan Trung, moi ngi eu mo c 2 c, hp cong
4.000 ngi, lai ang tiep tuc mo, ke c ti hang van.(1)
en au the ky XX, thi Phap thuoc, Cao Xuan Duc chu bien tom tat
toan bo bo Thc luc 38 tap gon lai thanh mot tap vi ten goi Quoc trieu
chanh bien toat yeu (viet tat Quoc trieu), s kien tren van c ghi:
Thang 7 AL (1861)
Pho Quan c Gia nh la Trng nh (ngi huyen Bnh Sn, tnh
Quang Ngha, con quan Lanh binh Trng Cam), mo binh ong lam, thng
c anh quan ai Phap. Viec ay tau len, ngai cho thang Quan c, roi lai cho
lanh Pho Lanh binh.(2)
Nhng sau o, trc sc tan cong cua tau ong, ai bac cua oi quan
tinh nhue Tay phng, on Ch Hoa that thu, Trng nh rut quan ve Go
Cong. oan biet sau khi chiem Sai Gon, giac se ve anh chiem My Tho, Go
Cong, Trng nh cho cung co lai hang ngu dan quan, s dung sung ai bac
chien li pham at vao nhng ni hiem yeu, ap nhieu vat can tren song
rach e lam vat chng ngai ngan khong cho cac tau chien ln nho cua giac
len loi vao. at ban doanh tai Go Cong, cong cuoc khang chien cua Trng
nh luc au at c ket qua tot. Cuoc khang chien o khong nhng c
nong dan ng ngha i theo ong ao ma bat au c than hao, than s
mo ngha ung ho rat nhieu. Viec nay cung a c Quoc trieu ghi lai:
Thang 2 (1862)
Cho biet au nam 1862 Phap chiem Bien Hoa, khien Pho Lanh binh
Gia nh la Trng nh kiem lam au muc mo ngha. Trng nh ong
on tai Go Cong, thng la anh quan ai-Phap, than s theo nhieu.(3)
Cong cuoc khang chien a lam cho thc dan Phap au au, trong noi bo
ch a xuat hien y tng bo cuoc rut quan ve Phap. Nhng khong ng, cac
ai than nha Nguyen ng au la hai ai than Phan Thanh Gian va Lam
Duy Tiep, khong nam c thong tin o nen a ha but ky Hiep c Nham
Tuat (1862) vi Phap e co hoa bnh mien Nam, tap trung lc lng oi
pho vi thc dan tren at Bac. Thc hien ieu 11 cua Hiep c Nham Tuat
(1862), trieu nh giao cho Phan Thanh Gian thong du cho cac lc lng
vu trang Nam Ky ngng chien, rut Trng nh ra Phu Yen. Dan chung
phan oi hiep c, len an hai ong Phan Thanh Gian va Lam Duy Tiep (Dan
gian co cau: Phan Lam mai quoc, Trieu nh kh dan). Dan chung Bien Hoa,
Gia nh, nh Tng oan ket ton Trng nh len lam ai au muc tiep
122 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

tuc khang chien. V the Trng nh khong ra Phu Yen theo lenh cua trieu
Nguyen do Phan Thanh Gian thong du. Trng nh khong ra Phu Yen nen
b Phan Thanh Gian thay mat trieu nh cach het chc ham (tc chc Quan
c, Pho Lanh binh). S kien quan trong nay c Thc luc viet ro:
Thang 7 AL (1862)
T khi hoa c a thanh, thong du cho Nam Ky ngh quan, oi
Trng nh ve Phu Yen. Khi ay nhng nhan dan ng ngha Gia nh,
nh Tng, Bien Hoa, khong chu theo, tu hop oan ket, sau ton Trng
nh lam ngi ai au muc, tau bay xin ra anh giac. nh than cho rang
viec mien Bac ang khan ma viec mien Nam cha co c hoi. Lai sai Phan
Thanh Gian i hieu du. Trng nh lau khong en nhan chc, ben cach
chc ham.(4)
Ky hiep c th phai thi hanh. Trieu Nguyen a ky hiep c trong
the yeu, mang tnh chien thuat, nhng viec mu chuyen lay lai nc la
chuyen khong the khong tnh ti. Phan Thanh Gian thay mat trieu nh
ky hiep c th phai thi hanh hiep c, buoc Trng nh phai ngng
chien th pha Phap mi thi hanh hiep c tra lai thanh Vnh Long cho
nc ai Nam (Theo ieu 11). Phan Thanh Gian thong du Trng nh,
Trng nh khong thi hanh. Tng Phap chieu du Trng, Trng cung
t choi. Khong con cach nao hn, Phan Thanh Gian phai yeu cau trieu
nh xuong sac buoc Trng nh phai ngng chien. Thc luc phan anh
lai tnh hnh o:
Thang 10 AL (1862)
Phan Thanh Gian hang du Trng nh, nh the khong cung giac
cung song. Binh dan ng ngha 6 tnh thuoc vao trong bo ngu cua Trng
nh eu cung cam c chong lai giac Tay dng. Tng nc Phu (tc tng
Phap) chieu du nh, nh khong chu khuat, Thanh Gian lai xin (vua T
c) xuong sac e du nh.
Trc yeu cau cua Phan Thanh Gian nh the, vua T c khong giau
c chnh sach hai mat cua ong. Nc yeu nen phai ky hoa c hoa bnh
e i thi c mu lay lai nc, trong luc hoa bnh van phai chuan b lc
lng e chien au khi thi c en. Phan Thanh Gian khong hieu chnh
sach o nen a b vua T c phe phan mot cach nang ne rang:
Vua bao cac th than rang: Long ngi nh the, cung la mot s
giup cho cuoc mu tnh lay lai, ha le nao c ran du lat vat mai.(5)
Khong nhng khong buoc Trng nh ngng chien Nam Ky va rut
ra Phu Yen, ngc lai vua T c a b mat ngam giao cho Trng nh
trong trach khang chien quan trong hn. Chung ta co the biet c qua
nhng hoat ong ngam cua trieu Nguyen danh cho Trng nh trc va
sau khi ong hy sinh va ac biet qua vai tro cua ba Tran Th Sanh (em con
co ruot cua ba T Du, me vua T c) lam v nho cua Trng nh.
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012 123

T sau khi Trng nh b cach het chc tc (7/1862) cho en ngay

Trng nh hy sinh (20/8/1864), ve cong khai khong thay Thc luc ghi
chep mot ieu g lien quan en Trng nh na ca. Tuy nhien, cung chnh
khi cong bo cach het chc tc ay, vua T c a b mat sai quan mang
thanh ch vao Go Cong, phong cho Trng nh chc Bnh Tay ai tng
quan. Co le e tranh cho vua T c loi vi pham hiep c vi Phap nen
Trng nh cho rang cai chc Bnh Tay ai tng quan la do nhan dan
va ngha s suy ton ong ma co. Thong tin ve s kien b mat ay a c
Gustave Janneau e cap en trong Hai ban bao cao quan s ve tng Vo
Duy Dng (Deux rapports militaires du General Vo Duy Duong), ang
tren Tap ch ong Dng (Revue Indochinoise) so 2 nam 1914:
...Thang 7 (1862), (Vo Duy) Dng phat li keu goi nhan dan nh
Tng noi len tng toan va chien au lai.
Trong luc ay, ong Pho Lanh binh Trng nh ang tai Gia nh
viet th cho ong Dng e trnh bay la ong (Dng) se gap nguy hiem khi
hoat ong rieng le va mi ong (Dng) ve ay thong nhat lc lng hai ben.
Ong con neu a iem hoi kien tai huyen Tan Hoa.
e thoa thuan giao c nay, ong Dng a phai Giao tho Nguyen Hu
Huan en Tan Hoa gap quan Th ve Nguyen Thi. Ong nay mang ve cho
Quan nh mot thanh ch phong cho ong (Trng nh) chc Bnh
Tay ai tng quan, thong lnh ch huy cac toan quan trong ba tnh
(NX nhan manh). Giao tho Huan sau o quay tr lai tnh nh Tng
ngay. Ong Dng va ong Huan eu nhan chc Chanh e oc va Pho e oc.
Ca hai ong cung nhan luon ca an trien!.(6)
Tai lieu cho biet Trng nh c thanh ch cua vua T c phong
chc Bnh Tay ai tng quan va ca an trien (giong nh hai ong Chanh,
Pho e oc). Du khong cong bo, nhng Trng nh rat t hao vi chc vu
quan trong c vua ban ay. Ong a viet hch keu goi ba tanh ng ngha vi
hao kh cua mot v tng quan trc co vua sau co xa tac:
...Chon bien thuy lanh an Tong binh,
C e ch Bnh Tay ai tng
.............
Trc tr quan Nghieu, Thuan thng
Sau vi xa tac than
Phai can li rao khap muon dan.
Sa tac da dat du ve mot moi,
B tre, gia, be, ln, ai ai
eu boi am au minh cho kp...
(Hch Quan nh)
T nam 1862 tr i, mot vai ni Thc luc (tr. 1.007 va 1.030) viet ve
Trng Tue, con trai cua Trng nh ch khong viet g ve Trng nh ca.
ot nhien en nam 1874 (mi nam sau ngay Trng nh hy sinh), qua
viec xa T Cung, huyen Bnh Sn, tnh Quang Ngai tau xin giup cho v
124 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

goa cua Trng nh la ba Le Th Thng, ta thay tnh cam chan that cua
vua T c danh cho Trng nh boc lo qua viec giup cho v goa cua
ong. Sach viet:
Thang 11 AL (1874)
Sai cap tien, gao cho v nguyen An Giang Lanh binh Trng nh a
chet (Th Thng).
(Trc ngi nc Phap anh chiem cac tnh Nam Ky, Trng nh
mo quan chong anh, sau thua b chet, con la Tue sau cung chet ve viec
quan, v nh la Le Th Thng khong cho nng nh, tr ve nguyen quan
xa T Cung, huyen Bnh Sn, tnh Quang Ngai, quan tnh ay thay nh
la ngi ngha khai ang khen (NX nhan manh), ma v vien ay co mot
than mot mnh, ngheo kho om au, tnh that ang thng, tau xin giup, c
Ch chuan cho cap moi thang 20 quan tien, 2 phng gao, het i th thoi).(7)
oan trch tren ghi chc cua Trng nh nguyen la An Giang Lanh
binh. Chc nay vua T c phong cho Trng nh khi nao? Trong Thc
luc cha he ghi Trng nh ve khang chien An Giang (pha tay cua tnh
nh Tng). Phai chang vua T c a phong b mat? Tuy khong cong bo
nhng trong thc te la co that. Ma trong thc te th Trng nh ch chien
au va hy sinh Go Cong thuoc tnh nh Tng sao lai c phong lam
Lanh binh An Giang? Phai chang can phai ghi sai a phng nh the e
oi pho vi thc dan Phap? Qua chi tiet nho nay ta thay trieu Nguyen phai
oi pho vi thc dan Phap khong nhng tren mat quan s ma con ca tren
mat ngoai giao kho khan en nh the nao.
Cap tien, cap lng thc cho v Trng nh xong, bon nam sau trieu
Nguyen lai cap ruong e i i th cung Trng nh:
Thang 4 AL (1878)
Cho ruong th cung Lanh binh a chet la Trng nh. Khi bay gi
Bo chanh tnh Quang Ngai la Tra Quy Bnh tau len noi, mot nha Trng
nh, cha con trung ngha, tren soi xet en biet a lau, xin cap cho ruong
th cung, e sung vao en hng.(8)
Roi ba nam sau na trieu Nguyen cho lam en e th Trng nh, cap
them cho v Trng nh moi thang 10 quan tien. Nh vay trieu Nguyen
a lam en th Trng nh, cap cho 5 mau ruong e th cung, cap cho ba
v goa moi thang 30 quan tien, 1 phng gao va lenh cho a phng cho
ngi thng xuyen en tham hoi, cham soc ba.
Thang 2 AL (1881)
Lam en th vien Lanh binh a chet tnh An Giang la Trng nh.
Vua thng nh la ngi trung, nam trc a cap cho 5 mau ruong th cung,
en nay lai sai lam en xa T Cung, tnh Quang Ngai e th. (V vien ay
la Le Th Thng, trc a c hang thang cap cho 20 quan tien, 1 phng
gao, nay lai cho moi thang them 10 quan, sai xa ay thi thng tham hoi.(9)
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012 125

Qua chnh s cua nha Nguyen, chung ta thay Trng nh c trieu

Nguyen xem nh mot anh hung liet s cua dan toc. Do hoan canh phai oi
pho vi thc dan Phap nen khi thuan li th cong bo, khi th thach kho
khan th lanh ao b mat ch cha bao gi trieu Nguyen, cu the la vua T
c khong cong nhan Trng nh ca.
Ngoai viec lanh ao trc tiep (qua con ng cong khai hay b mat) vua
T c con pho thac cho dong ho ngoai Pham ang cua ong Go Cong ho
tr cho Trng nh chong Phap. Sau khi quan Phap anh chiem cac tnh
mien ong Nam Ky, vua T c a b mat c ngay ong Pham ang Thuat
(em ut Hoang Thai hau T Du, chong cong chua Vnh Trinh, pho ma cua
vua Minh Mang) vao Go Cong ban viec chien au gi at (trong o co mo
ma dong ho ngoai Pham ang cua nha vua). Nhng khong may, ong pho
ma cau ruot cua vua a mat tren ng khi cha hoan thanh c nhiem vu.
S kien nay khong ghi trong Thc luc nhng c e cap en khi Quoc S
Quan trieu Nguyen viet ve cong chua Vnh Trinh trong Liet truyen nh sau:
Quy c cong chua Vnh Trinh (1824-1892): Nam th 14 (1861), Nam
Chau co ong, Thuat (tc Pham ang Thuat) vang mat chieu i Gia nh
phong sat, chet trong khi lam cong viec.(10)
Ong Pham ang Thuat chet, trong ho Pham ang Go Cong con co
mot ngi chau ngoai noi tieng giau, ep la ba Tran Th Sanh, con gai ong
Ba ho Tran Van o (1780-1860) va ba Pham Th Phung (1782-1875). Ba
Pham Th Phung la em gai ai than Pham ang Hng (1765-1825), co ruot
cua ba Pham Th Hang (Hoang Thai hau T Du) va pho ma Pham ang
Thuat. Noi cach khac ba Thai hau T Du Pham Th Hang (1810-1901) -
than mau cua vua T c va ba Tran Th Sanh (1820-1882) la ch em cau
co ruot. Trc khi c tien cung, ba Pham Th Hang song trong gia nh
co Phung, c hoc ch Han vi dng la Tran Van o, c hoc n hanh
vi co Phung va a tng bong be em gai nho hn mnh mi tuoi la Tran
Th Sanh. Ch em rat thng yeu nhau. Do moi than tnh o ma ba Tran
Th Sanh Go Cong cung c dan chung xem nh ngi cua hoang gia
Nguyen. Nam 19 tuoi, Tran Th Sanh thanh hon vi ba ho Dng Tan Bon.
Hai v chong c hng cua hoi mon cua hai gia nh, lai thuoc gia nh
ngoai thch cua hoang gia, co the lc, buon ban lua gao, khai khan nhieu
ruong at, noi tieng giau nhat Go Cong. Hai ong ba song hanh phuc gan 20
nam. Nam 1860, ong Dng Tan Bon qua i e lai cho ba Tran Th Sanh
toan bo gia san va ngi con gai ten la Dng Th Hng (sinh nam 1844).
Du a thanh goa phu, ba Sanh cung ch mi bon mi tuoi, sac ep ang
o chn, ngi hoang gia, lai giau co nhat Go Cong v the ay Nam Ky
kho co ngi vi ti. Nhng roi, khong lau sau khi chong chet, con ngi co
v the cao sang giau co ay, vao khoang nam 1862, a ha gia lam v nho
cua lanh tu ngha quan chong Phap Trng nh. Cuoc hon nhan nay xay ra
ot ngot, chung toi ngh neu khong phai do mot mat ch cua Hoang Thai
hau T Du va vua T c th khong the nao giai thch c. Tran Th Sanh
nhan lam v nho cua Trng nh sau khi trieu nh ky Hoa c Nham
126 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

Tuat (1862) vi Phap. Ve mat cong khai trieu nh Hue khong con lien he
en cac lc lng chong Phap Go Cong na. Du chung ta cha khang nh
c s kien ba Tran Th Sanh co nhan c mat ch cua vua T c hay
khong, nhng viec ba Sanh nhan lam v nho cua Trng nh luc o co
gia tr nh ngi ai dien cho trieu Nguyen ben canh ngi anh hung
chong Phap Trng nh. Ba Sanh cung cap tien bac, lua gao, chieu mo
dan chung theo Trng nh khang chien. Ve pha Trng nh, co ba v
hoang gia uy the cua ngha quan cung c nang cao, thuan vi long dan
Nam Bo khi nao cung tng nh en cong n m coi cua cac chua Nguyen.
Trong s cua trieu Nguyen khong noi g ve moi lien he cua trieu Nguyen vi
Trng nh sau ngay ky Hoa c Nham Tuat, nhng trong tai lieu lu tr
cua Phap th c xac nhan ro rang. Xin trnh bay sau ay:
em 19 rang ngay 20/8/1862, sau khi triet ha c mat khu am La
Toi Tri, quan Phap lay c nhieu tai lieu co lien quan en cong cuoc khang
chien cua Trng nh. Trong cuon a ch tnh Go Cong (Mono-graphie
de la Province de Go Cong, 1936), ngi ng au tnh Grimald viet: Cac
giay t co ghi chep nhieu ieu ly thu, ten tuoi cua nhng ke tong pham va
nhat la s giao thiep mua ban lng thc cua mot nha buon Phan R, tnh
Bnh Thuan. Ro rang hn ca la co s tong pham cua trieu nh Hue
(NX nhan manh). Trieu nh Hue luc o la ai, tai lieu khong noi ro, chung
toi ngh khong ai khac hn la tay chan cua ba Tran Th Sanh.
Sau khi Trng nh t sat, giac keo xac ong ve phi gia trung tam
huyen l Tan Hoa (nay thuoc Phng 1, th xa Go Cong) e lam nan long
nhng ngi con tin tng vao ngha quan. Nhng ba Sanh khong nan, em
em ba cho chau len ra thap hng cho Trng nh roi ba cung vi ngi
em ke la Tran Van Toan t Tu Hoi (1824-1888) lam n van ong a xac
Trng nh ve tang ngay tren at ho Tran nha ba. Mo cua Trng cong
c lam bang ho o dc va tren bia a co khac may ch: ai Nam An Ha
Lanh binh kiem Bnh Tay ai Tng quan, Trng Cong huy nh chi mo.
Theo Hoang Ngoc Hung-thay giao, chuyen gia ve lch s Go Cong,
cho biet:
Tam bia ton tai c vai nam, bon Tay v phai dep mai quan ngha dong
quay roi Go Cong, chung cho la d ang cua Trng nh van con nen en
mo Trng nh tra xet dong ch tren bia neu tren. Bon Phap tc gian goi
ba Tran Th Sanh en trach rang at nay thuoc Phap, trieu nh c g phong
tc cho Trng cong. Tay phat ba Sanh 10.000 quan tien v toi khac bia trai
phep. Chung cho uc bo hang ch Bnh Tay ai tng quan khac tren bia
mo ong.
Tng nh the a xong, mi nam sau (1874), ba Sanh lai viet n gi
Chanh Tham bien hat Go Cong xin tu sa mo cho chong. La n lch s nay
con lu gi Trung tam Lu tr Quoc gia II (TP Ho Ch Minh) c sao lai
di ay:
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012 127

Tan hoa huyen.

Hoa lac Tong. Thuan ngai
thon.
Tran Th Sanh
Cui au lay quan ln cho
phep toi lam cai ma lai
cho ong quan nh nam
Ky Dau(11) toi co lam v
nho ong hai nam, bay gi
v ln ong tron biet, con
chet het, may nam nay toi
cung s phep nha nc
khong biet lam sao bay gi
toi lieu mnh, ti noi vi
ong xin ong giup cho toi.
Tran Th Sanh iem ch.
Le 2 mars 1874
La n c chap thuan
vi nhng ly le c neu
trong t trnh cua a
phng gi len cap tren
co nhieu chi tiet ang lu
y nh sau (Ban dch cua
Bu Y):
Go Cong, ngay 2 thang 8
nam 1874,
Knh gi Giam oc,
Qua phu cua Quan nh
Hnh 2. Ban sao t n viet tay cua ba Tran Th Sanh e ngay
2/3/1874 gi cho Thc dan Phap xin trung tu ngoi mo viet n va cau xin c
cua Trng nh. phep lam ngoi mo cho
chong von a chet, nh
moi ngi eu biet, vao nam 1864, gia khi cam kh gii chong tra chung ta.
Trc ay khong the cho phep nh the nay v se gay ra rac roi gia cac
phe cua quan huyen nhng nay ai nay a quen han Quan nh, chnh that
cua y khong tr ve lai ay, con cai chet het.
Toi tran trong chuyen en Giam oc n xin cua ba Tran Th Sanh
kem theo y kien chap thuan v toi khong thay tr ngai g trong viec xay mo
cho Quan nh von xa nay dung cam chong tra chung ta va toi thiet tng
se co hai hn la co li neu e cho dan chung tng rang chung ta van con
s hnh anh va anh hng cua ngi ch huy noi tieng ay.
Knh chao Giam oc. Thuoc ha tan tuy cua Ngai. Ky ten Esmile Pirech
(Tham bien Go Cong). Knh gi Giam oc S Noi vu.
128 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

Ngoi mo Trng nh
c xay mi bang a hoa
cng, co 3 bc hoanh phi
va 6 tru a ghi lai than
the va s nghiep cua ong.
Mot lan na, cac hoanh
phi va tru a lai b Phap
ra lenh uc bo... Sau khi
ba Sanh qua i (1882),
ngoi mo khong co ngi
cham soc tr nen hoang
phe. Tng nh cong n
ba ngoai, ba Huynh Th
ieu (tc ba Phu Hai,
chau ngoai ba Tran Th
Sanh) cho sa cha lai.
Trc Cach mang thang
8/1945, ngoi mo lai c
trung tu, tam bia c
khac lai co noi dung:
ai Nam Than Dong, ai
Tng Quan, truy tang
Ngu Quan, Ngu Quan
Cong, Trng Cong nh
chi mo, ke ben phai la
dong ch nho: Tot Giap
Ty, that nguyet thap bat
Hnh 3. T trnh cua Esmile Pirech, Tham bien Go Cong gi nhat (mat ngay 18 thang
Giam oc S Noi vu cua Phap Sai Gon, trnh bay ly
7 nam Giap Ty) va ke ben
do Tham bien Go Cong a chap thuan cho ba Tran
Th Sanh sa mo Trng nh.(12)
trai e Tran Th Sanh
lap thach.
Bia cuoi mo cung co mai che tren bia khac hai ch Trung ngha.
Trc mo co oi cau lien:
Sn ha thu chnh kh
Nhat nguyet chieu an tam
Co ngha:
Nui song thu chnh kh
Nhat nguyet choi long son
T nam 1972 en nam 1973 xay them en th. Lang mo va en th
Trng Cong nh tai ng Ly Thng Kiet, th xa Go Cong a c Bo
Van hoa-Thong tin cong nhan la Di tch lch s-van hoa quoc gia t ngay 6
thang 12 nam 1989.
Viec xay cat, trung tu, khac bia bien mo phan, vinh danh ngi anh
hung Trng nh le ra la trach nhiem cua trieu nh Hue. Nhng trieu
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012 129

Hnh 4. Lang mo Trng Cong nh ng Hnh 5. Lang mo ba Tran Th Sanh

Ly Thng Kiet, th xa Go Cong. Anh NX. toan bang a hoa cng tai khu pho 2,
phng 5, th xa Go Cong. Anh NX.

nh khong the lam viec o tren at Nam Ky thuoc a cua Phap ma ch

thc hien c que hng cua Trng nh la xa T Cung, huyen Bnh
Sn, tnh Quang Ngai ma thoi. V the ba Tran Th Sanh va chau cua ba lam
cong viec o co gia tr nh thay mat trieu nh Hue ma lam vay.
Ba Tran Th Sanh lam v nho cua Trng nh han khong phai ch
v tnh ma chnh la v nhiem vu cua trieu Nguyen. Ba la chiec cau noi gia
nha yeu nc Trng nh vi trieu Nguyen, the hien nhng hoat ong
ngam chong Phap cua vua T c. Co the noi cuoc khang chien chong Phap
cua Trng nh Nam Ky khong nam ngoai chu trng cua vua T c.
Gac Tho Loc (Hue), 12/2011
NX
CHU THCH
(1) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, ai Nam thc luc chnh bien, e t ky, Q.XXVII, ban dch, tap
7, Nxb Giao duc, Ha Noi, 2006, tr. 733.
(2) Cao Xuan Duc (chu bien), Quoc trieu chanh bien toat yeu, Nhom Nghien cu lch s Viet
Nam, Sai Gon, 1972, tr. 317.
(3) Cao Xuan Duc (chu bien), Sd, tr. 319.
(4) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, Sd, tap 7, tr. 783.
(5) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, Sd, tap 7, tr. 797.
(6) Trch trong Vo Duy Dng vi cuoc khang chien ong Thap Mi, cong trnh bien khao cua
To Nghien cu lch s dan toc, Ban Tuyen giao Tnh uy ong Thap, Nguyen Hu Hieu chu
bien, Nxb ong Thap, 1992, tr. 279.
(7) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, Sd, tap 8, tr. 81-82.
(8) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, Sd, tap 8, tr. 283.
(9) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, Sd, tap 8, tr. 461.
(10) Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, ai Nam liet truyen, Nh tap, ban dch, tap 3, Nxb Thuan Hoa,
Hue, 2006, tr. 181.
(11) Ba Sanh tai gia vi Trng nh vao khoang nam 1862, khong hieu sao trong la n nay lai
khai la nam Ky Dau - 1849. Khong ro la do nham lan hoac do co tnh khai nh the e chng
to ba khong lien he g vi cac hoat ong chong Phap cua Trng nh chang?
(12) Cuc Lu tr Trung ng II, TP Ho Ch Minh, ky hieu E.02-93 TBCCPNV.
130 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 1 (90) . 2012

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, ai Nam thc luc chnh bien, e t ky, ban dch, tap 7 va tap
8, Nxb Giao duc, Ha Noi, 2006.
2. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen, ai Nam liet truyen, Nh tap, ban dch, tap 3, Nxb Thuan Hoa,
Hue, 2006.
3. Cao Xuan Duc (chu bien), Quoc trieu chanh bien toat yeu, Nhom Nghien cu lch s Viet
Nam, Sai Gon, 1972.
4. Cuc Lu tr Trung ng II, TP Ho Ch Minh, ky hieu E.02-93 TBCCPNV. (Tai lieu do ong
Pham ang Phung, hau due cua ai than Pham ang Hng cung cap).
5. Nguyen Hu Hieu (chu bien), Vo Duy Dng vi cuoc khang chien ong Thap Mi, cong
trnh bien khao cua To Nghien cu lch s dan toc, Ban Tuyen giao Tnh uy ong Thap, Nxb
ong Thap, 1992.
6. Grimald, Monographie de la Province de Go Cong, 1936 (Tai lieu do ong Pham ang Phung,
hau due cua ai than Pham ang Hng cung cap).
7. Hoang Ngoc Hung, Tr lai Go Cong (tap t lieu cha xuat ban).
8. Kham tu Pham ang th Bnh chi pho (Toc pha Pham ang, chi Bnh - Pham ang Hng)
9. Gap g cac ong Pham ang Phung (Bao Loc, Lam ong), Pham ang Thiem (Kim Long,
Hue), Dng Hu Tr (chau ngoai, thu t nha th ba Tran Th Sanh tai Go Cong, Tien Giang).
10. Tai lieu ien da tai Kim Long (Hue) va Go Cong (Tien Giang).
TOM TAT
Bai viet tm hieu ve chu trng cua trieu nh Hue ma cu the la vua T c oi vi cuoc
khang chien chong thc dan Phap cua Trng nh Nam Ky. T chnh s cua trieu Nguyen,
co the thay Trng nh c trieu nh xem nh mot v trung than a khang khai, anh dung xa
than v cong cuoc chong Phap. Do hoan canh phai oi pho vi thc dan Phap trong the yeu, nen
khi thuan li th khen thng kp thi e ong vien, khi th thach kho khan th lanh ao b mat ch
cha bao gi vua T c buoc Trng nh phai ngng chien.
T mot so t lieu cua Phap va cua dong ho Pham ang mi khao sat c, tac gia cho
biet, ngoai viec lanh ao trc tiep (bang con ng cong khai hay b mat), vua T c con pho
thac cho dong ho ngoai cua mnh Go Cong huy ong tai lc ung ho cho Trng nh. V vay,
co the khang nh rang, cuoc khang chien chong Phap cua Trng nh Nam Ky khong nam
ngoai chu trng cua vua T c.
ABSTRACT
TRNG NHS UPRISING AGAINST THE FRENCH
WAS NOT BEYOND THE POLICY OF EMPEROR T C
The article explores the policy of Hue Imperial Court, and Emperor T c in particular, on
Trng nhs resistance war against the French in the South of Vietnam. From the history written
by the Nguyen Imperial Court, it can be seen that Trng nh was considered as a loyal who
heroically sacrificed himself for the cause of fighting against the French. Under the circumstances
of dealing with the French in disadvantageous position, Emperor T c, when in favorable
conditions, quickly rewarded Trng nh to encourage him, and secretly directed him when in
difficult conditions, but he never forced Trng nh to stop war.
On surveying both French and the Pham ang familys documentary, the author reckoned
that, in addition to the direct leadership (by way of public or secret), Emperor T c entrusted his
relatives from maternal side in Go Cong with the task of mobilizing financial support for Trng
nh. Thus, it can be affirmed that Trng nhs resistance war against the French was not
beyond the policy of the Emperor T c.