CLASE 04-11-17

Ejemplo: Aplicacin de Elemento Finito por residuos ponderados

f(x)
x=L
T(0,t)
T(L,t) x
x=0

Se tiene una barra larga sujeta a condiciones de frontera y una fuente de calor
continua a lo largo de su eje.

Sabiendo que

L = 10cm , T(0, t) = 40 , T(10, t) = 200C f(x) = 10

Utilizar 4 elementos finitos para determinar la distribucin de la temperatura cada

2.5cm.

Solucin

a) Discretizando

T1 1 T2 2 T3 3 T4 4 T5
1 2 3 4 5
Nodos |----------------|

2.5cm

b) Determinar la ecuacin del elemento:

Sabemos que la ecuacin que corresponde a M.E.F R.P

x2
T f(x) N1 dx} (a)
1 (x1 )
1 1 {T}
[ x
x1
[ ] = ] = x2
(x2 x1 ) 1 1
T
(x2 ) f(x) N2 dx} (b)
Matriz de rigidez del elemento x [ x1
]
Condiciones de frontera
Efectos Externos

Datos preliminares:
 1 1
= = 0.4
25 0 2.5

f(x) = 10

Para elemento 1:
x [x1 , x2 ] = [0,2.5]

dT(0)
0.4 0.4 1 T 12.5
[ ] [ ] = [ dx ] + [ ]
0.4 0.4 T2 dT(2.5) 12.5
dx

-Para (a):
x2 2.5
x2 x
f(x) N1 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x1 0 x2 x1

2.5
2.5 x
= 10 ( ) dx
0 2.5 0
2.5
= 4(2.5 x) dx
0

2.5
= 10dx 4xdx
0

2.5
x2
= [10x 4 ]
2 0

= 12.5

-Para (b):
x2 2.5
x2 x
f(x) N2 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x1 0 x2 x1

2.5 (x)
= 10 dx
0 2.5
2.5
= 4 dx
0

2.5
x2
= [4 ]
2 0

= 12.5
 dT(0)
0.4T1 0.4T2 = + 12.5
dx ] ecuacion del elemento 1
dT(2.5)
0.4T1 + 0.4T2 = + 12.5
dx

Para el elemento 2:
x [x2 , x3 ] = [2.5 , 5.0]

x3
dT(2.5) f(x) N1 dx} (a)
0.4 0.4 2T dx x
[ ][ ] = [ ] + x23
0.4 0.4 T3 dT(5.0)
f(x) N2 dx} (b)
dx [ x2 ]

-Para (a):
x3 5.0
x3 x
f(x) N1 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x2 2.5 x3 x2

5.0
x3 x
= 10 ( ) dx
2.5 2.5
5.0
= 4(x 2.5) dx
2.5

5.0
x2
= [20x 4 ]
2 2.5

=12.5

-Para (b):
x3 5.0
x x2
f(x) N2 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x2 2.5 2.5

C
5.0
x2
= [4 10x]
2 2.5

=12.5

Obtenido (a) y(b) la ecuacin del elemento 2 es:

 dT(2.5)
0.4T2 0.4T3 = + 12.5
dx ] ecuacion del elemento 2
dT(2.5)
0.4T2 + 0.4T3 = + 12.5
dx

Para el elemento 3:
x [x3 , x4 ] = [ 5.0 , 7.5]
x4
dT(5.0) f(x) N1 dx} (a)
0.4 0.4 T3 dx x
[ ][ ] = [ ] + x34
0.4 0.4 T4 dT(7.5)
f(x) N2 dx} (b)
dx [ x3 ]

-Para (a):
x4 7.5
x4 x
f(x) N1 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x3 5.0 2.5

7.5
= 4(7.5 x) dx
5.0

7.5
x2
= [30x 4 ]
2 5.0

= 12.5

-Para (b):
x4 7.5
x x3
f(x) N2 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x3 5.0 2.5

7.5
= 4(x 5) dx
5.0

7.5
x2
= [4 20x]
2 5.0

= 12.5

Por lo tanto, la ecuacin del elemento 3:

dT(5.0)
0.4T3 0.4T4 = + 12.5
dx ] ecuacion del elemento 3
dT(7.5)
0.4T3 + 0.4T4 = + 12.5
dx
 Para el elemento 4:
x [x4 , x5 ] = [7.5 , 10]
x5
dT(7.5) f(x) N1 dx} (a)
0.4 0.4 T4 dx x
[ ][ ] = [ ] + x45
0.4 0.4 T5 dT(10)
f(x) N2 dx} (b)
dx [ x4 ]

-Para (a):
x5 10
x5 x
f(x) N1 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x4 7.5 2.5

10
= 4(10 x) dx
7.5

10
x2
= [40x 4 ]
2 7.5

= 12.5

-Para (b):
x5 10
x x5
f(x) N2 dx = 10 ( ) dx
x4 7.5 2.5

10
= 4(x 7.5) dx
7.5

10
x2
= [4 30x]
2 7.5

= 12.5

La ecuacin del elemento 4 :

dT(7.5)
0.4T4 0.4T5 = + 12.5
dx ] ecuacion del elemento 4
dT(10)
0.4T4 + 0.4T5 = + 12.5
dx

c).-Ensamble de las ecuaciones:

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
-Topologa:

Numero de nodos
Elemento
Local Global

1 1
1 2
2

1 2
2 3
2

1 3
3 4
2

1 4
4 5
2

Escribiendo las matrices de la ecuacin del elemento:

-Para (1):

T(0)
T + 12.5
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 1 x
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 T2 T(2.5)
0 0 0 0 0 T3 = + 12.5
x
0 0 0 0 0 T4 0
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ] [T5 ] 0
[ 0 ]

-Para (2):

0
0 0 0 0 0 T1 T(2.5)
+ 12.5
0 0.4 0.4 0 0 T2 x
0 0.4 0.4 0 0 T3 = T(5)
0 0 0 0 0 T4 + 12.5
x
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ] [T5 ] 0
[ 0 ]

-Para (3):

0
0 0 0 0 0 1 T 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 T T(5)
+ 12.5
0 0 0.4 0.4 0 T3 = x
0 0 0.4 0.4 0 T4 T(7.5)
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ] [T5 ] + 12.5
x
[ 0 ]
-Para (4):

0
0 0 0 0 0 T1 0
0 0 0 0 0 T2 0
0 0 0 0 0 T3 = T(7.5)
+ 12.5
0 0 0 0.4 0.4 T4 x
[ 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 ] [T5 ] T(10)
[ + 12.5 ]
x

d).-Proceso de ensamble:

(1) con (2) = ()

T(0)
+ 12.5
x
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 T1 T(2.5) T(2.5)
0.4 0.8 0.4 0 0 T2 + 12.5 + 12.5
0 0.4 0.4 0 0 T3 = x x
0 0 0 0 0 T4 T(5)
+ 12.5
[ 0 0 0 0 0 ] [T5 ] x
0
[ 0 ]

() con (3) = ()

T(0)
+ 12.5
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 T1 x
25
0.4 0.8 0.4 0 0 T2 T(5) T(5)
0 0.4 0.8 0 0 T3 = + 12.5 + 12.5
0 0 0.4 0.4 0 T4 x x
[ 0 ] [T5 ] T(7.5)
0 0 0 0 + 12.5
x
[ 0 ]

() con (4)

T(0)
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 T1 + 12.5
x
0.4 0.8 0.4 0 0 T2 25
0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0 T3 = 25
0 0 0.4 0.8 0.4 T4 T(7.5) T(7.5)
[ 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 ] [T5 ] + 12.5 + 12.5
x x
[ 0 ]

-La Matriz Ensamblada:

T(0)
T + 12.5
0.4 0.4 0 0 0 1 x
0.4 0.8 0.4 0 0 T2 25
0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0 T3 = 25
0 0 0.4 0.8 0.4 T4 25
[ 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 ] [T5 ] T(10)
[ x + 12.5 ]
e).-Condiciones de Frontera de la matriz ensamblada:

Por C.F. T1=40C ^ T5=200C

T(0)
0.4T1 0.4T2 = + 12.5 (1)
x

0.4T1 + 0.8T2 0.4T3 = 25 (2)

0.4T2 + 0.8T3 0.4T4 = 25 (3)

0.4T3 + 0.8T4 0.4T5 = 25 (4)

T(10)
0.4T4 + 0.4T5 = + 12.5 (5)
x

Para la Ecuacin (1)

T(0)
0.4T2 = 12.5 0.4(40) = 3.5
x

Para la Ecuacin (2)

0.8T2 0.4T3 = 25 + 16 = 41

Para la Ecuacin (3)

0.4T2 + 0.8T3 0.4T4 = 25

Para la Ecuacin (4)

0.4T3 + 0.8T3 0.4T4 = 25

Para la Ecuacin (5)

T(10)
0.4T4 = 12.5 0.4(200) = 67.5
x

f).-Encontrar la Solucin del Sistema:

T(0)
1 0.4 0 0 0 x 3.5
0 0.8 0.4 0 0 T2 41
0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0 T3 = 25
0 0 0.4 0.8 0 T4 10.5
[0 0 0 0.4 1] T(1.5) [67.5]
[ x ]

T(0)
= 66C
x
T2 = 173.75C
T3 = 245.00C
T4 = 253.75C
T(5)
= 34.00C
x
 T 2
= F(x)
x 2

T 2
+ F(x) = 0
x 2

F(x) = 10

Al resolver analticamente:

F(x) = 40 + 66x 5x 2

Proceso de clculo en forma de Interpolacin:

Elemento (1) 0 x 2.5

(25 x)(40) x(173.5)

F(x) = +
2.5 2.5

Elemento (2) 2.5 x 5

(5 x)(173.5) (x 2.5)(24.5)
F(x) = +
2.5 2.5

Elemento (3) 5 x 7.5

(7.5 x)(24.5) (x 5)(253.75)

F(x) = +
2.5 2.5

Elemento (4) 7.5 x 10

(10 x)(253.75) (x 7.5)(200)

F(x) = +
2.5 2.5