https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=WaC_rJ-YHu8 hamlet

Prince Hamlets student friend, Horatio, goes to the battlements of Denmarks Elsinore
castle late at night to meet the guards. They tell him about a ghost they have seen that
resembles the late king, Hamlet. It reappears and they decide to tell the prince.
Hamlets uncle, Claudius, having become king, has now married Hamlets widowed
mother, Gertrude.

In the court, after envoys are sent to Norway, the prince is dissuaded from returning to
university. Hamlet still mourns his fathers death and hearing of the ghost from Horatio
he determines to see it for himself. Laertes, son of the courtier, Polonius, departs for
France, warning his sister, Ophelia, against thinking too much of Hamlets attentions.

The ghost appears to Hamlet and tells him that he was murdered by Claudius. The
prince swears vengeance and his friends are sworn to secrecy as Hamlet decides to
feign madness while he tests the truth of the ghosts allegations. He rejects Ophelia,
as Claudius and Polonius spy on him seeking to find a reason for his sudden strange
behaviour. Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, former student friends of Hamlet, are
summoned by Claudius and their arrival coincides with that of a group of travelling
actors. The prince knows these players well and they rehearse together before
arranging to present Hamlets choice of play before the king and queen, which will
include scenes close to the circumstances of the old kings death. At the performance
Hamlet watches closely as Claudius is provoked into interrupting the play
and storming out, resolving to send the prince away to England. Hamlet is summoned
by his distressed mother and, on the way he spares Claudius whom he sees kneeling,
attempting to pray. To kill him while he is praying would send his soul to heaven rather
than to the hell he deserves.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnndNiQswYQ king lear

The Earl of Gloucester introduces his illegitimate son, Edmund, to the Earl of Kent at
court. Lear, King of Britain, enters. Now that he is old Lear has decided to abdicate,
retire, and divide his kingdom between his three daughters. Each will receive a portion
of the kingdom according to how much they love him. Goneril, Duchess of Albany, the
oldest, and Regan, Duchess of Cornwall, the second, both speak eloquently and receive
their portion but Cordelia, the youngest, can say nothing. Her declaration that she loves
him according to a daughters duty to a father enrages him and she is disowned.

One of Cordelias suitors, the Duke of Burgundy, rejects her once she is dowerless but
the King of France understands her declaration and takes her as his wife, while the Earl
of Kent is banished for taking Cordelias part against the King. The kingdom is shared
between Goneril and Regan. Lear tells them that he intends to live alternately with each of
them.

Meanwhile, Edmund is determined to be recognised as a rightful son of Gloucester and

persuades his father that his legitimate brother, Edgar, is plotting against Gloucesters
life, using a deceitful device. Edmund warns Edgar that his life is in danger. Edgar flees
and disguises himself as a beggar. Goneril becomes increasingly exasperated by the
behaviour of Lears hundred followers, who are disturbing life at Albanys castle. Kent has
returned in disguise and gains a place as a servant to Lear, supporting the King against
Gonerils ambitious servant, Oswald. Lear eventually curses Goneril and leaves to
move in with Regan.

Edmund acts as a messenger between the sisters and is courted by each in turn. He
persuades Cornwall that Gloucester is an enemy because, through loyalty to his King,
Gloucester assists Lear and his devoted companion, the Fool, when they are turned
away by Regan and told to return to Gonerils household. Despairing of his daughters
and regretting his rejection of Cordelia, Lear goes out into the wilderness during a
fierce storm. He goes mad. Gloucester takes them into a hut for shelter and seeks the
aid of Kent to get them away to the coast, where Cordelia has landed with a French army
to fight for her father against her sisters and their husbands.

Edgar, pretending to be mad, has also taken refuge in the shelter and the Fool, the mad
king and the beggar are companions until Edgar finds his father wandering and in pain.
Gloucester has been blinded by Regan and Cornwall for his traitorous act in helping
Lear. Cornwall has been killed by a servant after blinding Gloucester but Regan
continues to rule with Edmunds help. Not recognised by his father, Edgar leads him
to the coast and helps him, during the journey, to come to an acceptance of his life.
Gloucester meets the mad Lear on Dover beach, near Cordelias camp and, with Kents
aid, Lear is rescued and re-united with Cordelia. Gloucester, although reconciled
with Edgar, dies alone.

The French forces are defeated by Albanys army led by Edmund, and Lear and
Cordelia are captured. Goneril has poisoned Regan in jealous rivalry for Edmunds
attention but Edgar, disguised now as a loyal knight, challenges Edmund to a duel and
wounds him mortally. Seeing no way out, Goneril kills herself. The dying Edmund
confesses his crimes, but it is too late to save Cordelia from the hangman. Lears heart
breaks as he carries the body of his beloved daughter in his arms, and Albany and Edgar
are left to re-organise the kingdom.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoApnvPJnY4 Macbeth

King Duncans generals, Macbeth and Banquo, encounter three strange women on a bleak Scottish
moorland on their way home from quelling a rebellion. The women prophesy that Macbeth will be
given the title of Thane of Cawdor and then become King of Scotland, while Banquos heirs shall be
kings. The generals want to hear more but the weird sisters disappear. Duncan creates Macbeth
Thane of Cawdor in thanks for his success in the recent battles and then proposes to make a brief
visit to Macbeths castle.

Lady Macbeth receives news from her husband of the prophecy and his new title and she vows to
help him become king by any means she can. Macbeths return is followed almost at once by
Duncans arrival. The Macbeths plot together and later that night, while all are sleeping and after his
wife has given the guards drugged wine, Macbeth kills the King and his guards. Lady Macbeth leaves
the bloody daggers beside the dead king. Macduff arrives and when the murder is discovered
Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalbain flee, fearing for their lives, but they are nevertheless blamed
for the murder

Macbeth is elected King of Scotland, but is plagued by feelings of guilt and insecurity. He
arranges for Banquo and his son, Fleance to be killed, but the boy escapes the murderers.
At a celebratory banquet Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo and disconcerts the courtiers
with his strange manner. Lady Macbeth tries to calm him but is rejected.

Macbeth seeks out the witches and learns from them that he will be safe until Birnam Wood
comes to his castle, Dunsinane. They tell him that he need fear no-one born of woman, but
also that the Scottish succession will come from Banquos son. Macbeth embarks on a reign
of terror and many, including Macduffs family are murdered, while Macduff himself has
gone to join Malcolm at the court of the English king, Edward. Malcolm and Macduff decide
to lead an army against Macbeth.

Macbeth feels safe in his remote castle at Dunsinane until he is told that Birnam Wood is
moving towards him. The situation is that Malcolms army is carrying branches from the
forest as camouflage for their assault on the castle. Meanwhile Lady Macbeth, paralysed
with guilt, walks in her sleep and gives away her secrets to a listening doctor. She kills
herself as the final battle commences

Macduff challenges Macbeth who, on learning his adversary is

the child of a Ceasarian birth, realises he is doomed. Macduff triumphs and brings the head
of the traitor to Malcolm who declares peace and is crowned king

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOG_Cc-DKZI Othello

In the opening scene, Iago complains to Roderigo that Othello, his Commander, has passed
him over to promote the handsome young Cassio to be his Lieutenant. He vows to get
revenge. Iago first asks Roderigo to tell Desdemonas father, Brabantio, that his daughter
has left to marry Othello, a marriage Brabantio opposes because Othello is a Moor.
Brabantio confronts Othello, and they take their argument to the Duke, who has
summoned Othello to ask him to sail to Cyprus to stop a Turkish invasion. Convinced
by Othello and Desdemona that they love each other deeply despite their differences, the
Duke gives Desdemona permission to travel with Othello. By the time they reach Cyprus the
foreign threat has gone.

Iago manipulates Cassio to make him drunk and gets Roderigo to draw him into a street
fight. Iago has his revenge on Cassio when Othello strips Cassio of his rank for misbehavior.
Then Iago decides to make Othello believe his wife is unfaithful. He encourages Cassio to
ask Desdemona to plead with Othello to be reinstated. Iago suggests to Othello that
Desdemona is Cassios lover. Trusting Iago, and mad with jealousy, Othello promotes Iago
and asks Iago to help him kill Cassio and Desdemona.

Iago plants Desdemonas handkerchief in Cassios room. Cassio gives it to his mistress,
Bianca. Othello believes Biancas possession of the handkerchief is proof that Desdemona
and Cassio are lovers. He verbally abuses his wife in front of others, who are shocked at the
change in the noble and powerful man.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qheHYn3rLY Tempest

Alonso, the king of Naples, is returning from his daughters wedding in Tunis. He is
accompanied by his son, Ferdinand, his brother, Sebastain, and Antonio, the Duke of Milan.
An old Milanese courtier, Gonzalo, is also on board. The ship is wrecked in a storm and all
the passengers and crew are thrown into the furious sea.

Prospero, the former Duke of Milan, and his fifteen year-old daughter, Miranda, are
watching the shipwreck from an island. He tells her, for the first time, how they came to be
on the island. Twelve years before, when he had been Duke of Milan, his brother Antonio,
had usurped him, but with Gonzalos help he had escaped in a small boat with his baby
daughter, Miranda, and his library of books about magic. They had ended up on the island
and Prospero had turned the only inhabitant, Caliban, a deformed and savage creature, into
his slave. There are also spirits on the island. One of them, Ariel, had been imprisoned in a
tree trunk by Calibans mother, the witch, Sycorax, who had then died. Prospero used his
magic abilities to rescue him and he made the spirit swear to serve him.

The ships passengers are cast up on the island unharmed, and even their clothes are not
wet or damaged. Alonso believes his son to be dead but Ferdinand has landed on another
part of the island. He encounters Miranda and they fall in love at first sight. He is the first
man, apart from her father and Caliban that she has ever seen. Prospero puts Ferdinand to
work manually, controlling all his movements with magic. Ariel pesters Prospero for
his freedom and Prospero promises it once he has done some things for him, regarding the
newcomers

Paradise Lost
The story opens in hell, where Satan and his followers are recovering from defeat
in a war they waged against God. They build a palace, called Pandemonium,
where they hold council to determine whether or not to return to battle. Instead
they decide to explore a new world prophecied to be created, where a safer
course of revenge can be planned. Satan undertakes the mission alone. At the
gate of hell, he meets his offspring, Sin and Death, who unbar the gates for him.
He journeys across chaos till he sees the new universe floating near the larger
globe which is heaven. God sees Satan flying towards this world and foretells the
fall of man. His Son, who sits at his right hand, offers to sacrifice himself for
man's salvation. Meanwhile, Satan enters the new universe. He flies to the sun,
where he tricks an angel, Uriel, into showing him the way to man's home.

Satan gains entrance into the Garden of Eden, where he finds Adam and Eve and
becomes jealous of them. He overhears them speak of God's commandment that
they should not eat the forbidden fruit. Uriel warns Gabriel and his angels, who
are guarding the gate of Paradise, of Satan's presence. Satan is apprehended by
them and banished from Eden. God sends Raphael to warn Adam and Eve about
Satan. Raphael recounts to them how jealousy against the Son of God led a once
favored angel to wage war against God in heaven, and how the Son, Messiah,
cast him and his followers into hell. He relates how the world was created so
mankind could one day replace the fallen angels in heaven.

Satan returns to earth, and enters a serpent. Finding Eve alone he induces her to
eat the fruit of the forbidden tree. Adam, resigned to join in her fate, eats also.
Their innocence is lost and they become aware of their nakedness. In shame and
despair, they become hostile to each other. The Son of God descends to earth to
judge the sinners, mercifully delaying their sentence of death. Sin and Death,
sensing Satan's success, build a highway to earth, their new home. Upon his
return to hell, instead of a celebration of victory, Satan and his crew are turned
into serpents as punishment. Adam reconciles with Eve. God sends Michael to
expel the pair from Paradise, but first to reveal to Adam future events resulting
from his sin. Adam is saddened by these visions, but ultimately revived by
revelations of the future coming of the Savior of mankind. In sadness, mitigated
with hope, Adam and Eve are sent away from the Garden of Paradise.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6j0EbS7skc Guilevers Travel- Jonathon Swift

Gulliver's Travels is an adventure story (in reality, a misadventure story) involving several
voyages of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon, who, because of a series of mishaps en route
to recognized ports, ends up, instead, on several unknown islands living with people and
animals of unusual sizes, behaviors, and philosophies, but who, after each adventure, is
somehow able to return to his home in England where he recovers from these unusual
experiences and then sets out again on a new voyage.

Book I: When the ship Gulliver is traveling on is destroyed in a storm, Gulliver ends up on
the island of Lilliput, where he awakes to find that he has been captured by Lilliputians, very
small people approximately six inches in height. Gulliver is treated with compassion and
concern. In turn, he helps them solve some of their problems, especially their conflict with
their enemy, Blefuscu, an island across the bay from them. Gulliver falls from favor,
however, because he refuses to support the Emperor's desire to enslave the Blefuscudians
and because he "makes water" to put out a palace fire. Gulliver flees to Blefuscu, where he
converts a large war ship to his own use and sets sail from Blefuscu eventually to be
rescued at sea by an English merchant ship and returned to his home in England.

Book II: As he travels as a ship's surgeon, Gulliver and a small crew are sent to find water
on an island. Instead they encounter a land of giants. As the crew flees, Gulliver is left
behind and captured. Gulliver's captor, a farmer, takes him to the farmer's home where
Gulliver is treated kindly, but, of course, curiously. The farmer assigns his daughter,
Glumdalclitch, to be Gulliver's keeper, and she cares for Gulliver with great compassion. The
farmer takes Gulliver on tour across the countryside, displaying him to onlookers.
Eventually, the farmer sells Gulliver to the Queen. At court, Gulliver meets the King, and the
two spend many sessions discussing the customs and behaviors of Gulliver's country. In
many cases, the King is shocked and chagrined by the selfishness and pettiness that he
hears Gulliver describe. Gulliver, on the other hand, defends England.
One day, on the beach, as Gulliver looks longingly at the sea from his box (portable room),
he is snatched up by an eagle and eventually dropped into the sea. A passing ship spots the
floating chest and rescues Gulliver, eventually returning him to England and his family.

Book III: Gulliver is on a ship bound for the Levant. After arriving, Gulliver is assigned
captain of a sloop to visit nearby islands and establish trade. On this trip, pirates attack the
sloop and place Gulliver in a small boat to fend for himself. While drifting at sea, Gulliver
discovers a Flying Island. While on the Flying Island, called Laputa, Gulliver meets several
inhabitants, including the King. All are preoccupied with things associated with mathematics
and music. In addition, astronomers use the laws of magnetism to move the island up,
down, forward, backward, and sideways, thus controlling the island's movements in relation
to the island below (Balnibarbi). While in this land, Gulliver visits Balnibarbi, the island of
Glubbdubdrib, and Luggnagg. Gulliver finally arrives in Japan where he meets the Japanese
emperor. From there, he goes to Amsterdam and eventually home to England.

Book IV: While Gulliver is captain of a merchant ship bound for Barbados and the Leeward
Islands, several of his crew become ill and die on the voyage. Gulliver hires several
replacement sailors in Barbados. These replacements turn out to be pirates who convince
the other crew members to mutiny. As a result, Gulliver is deposited on a "strand" (an
island) to fend for himself. Almost immediately, he is discovered by a herd of ugly,
despicable human-like creatures who are called, he later learns, Yahoos. They attack him by
climbing trees and defecating on him. He is saved from this disgrace by the appearance of a
horse, identified, he later learns, by the name Houyhnhnm. The grey horse (a Houyhnhnm)
takes Gulliver to his home, where he is introduced to the grey's mare (wife), a colt and a
foal (children), and a sorrel nag (the servant). Gulliver also sees that the Yahoos are kept in
pens away from the house. It becomes immediately clear that, except for Gulliver's clothing,
he and the Yahoos are the same animal. From this point on, Gulliver and his master (the
grey) begin a series of discussions about the evolution of Yahoos, about topics, concepts,
and behaviors related to the Yahoo society, which Gulliver represents, and about the society
of the Houyhnhnms.

Despite his favored treatment in the grey steed's home, the kingdom's Assembly
determines that Gulliver is a Yahoo and must either live with the uncivilized Yahoos or
return to his own world. With great sadness, Gulliver takes his leave of the Houyhnhnms.
He builds a canoe and sails to a nearby island where he is eventually found hiding by a crew
from a Portuguese ship. The ship's captain returns Gulliver to Lisbon, where he lives in the
captain's home. Gulliver is so repelled by the sight and smell of these "civilized Yahoos" that
he can't stand to be around them. Eventually, however, Gulliver agrees to return to his
family in England. Upon his arrival, he is repelled by his Yahoo family, so he buys two
horses and spends most of his days caring for and conversing with the horses in the stable
in order to be as far away from his Yahoo family as possible.

Tintern Abbe

The full title of this poem is Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on
Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour. July 13, 1798. It opens with the speakers
declaration that five years have passed since he last visited this location, encountered its
tranquil, rustic scenery, and heard the murmuring waters of the river. He recites the objects
he sees again, and describes their effect upon him: the steep and lofty cliffs impress upon
him thoughts of more deep seclusion; he leans against the dark sycamore tree and looks
at the cottage-grounds and the orchard trees, whose fruit is still unripe. He sees the
wreaths of smoke rising up from cottage chimneys between the trees, and imagines that
they might rise from vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods, or from the cave of a
hermit in the deep forest.

The speaker then describes how his memory of these beauteous forms has worked upon
him in his absence from them: when he was alone, or in crowded towns and cities, they
provided him with sensations sweet, / Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart. The
memory of the woods and cottages offered tranquil restoration to his mind, and even
affected him when he was not aware of the memory, influencing his deeds of kindness and
love. He further credits the memory of the scene with offering him access to that mental
and spiritual state in which the burden of the world is lightened, in which he becomes a
living soul with a view into the life of things. The speaker then says that his belief that
the memory of the woods has affected him so strongly may be vainbut if it is, he has
still turned to the memory often in times of fretful stir.

Even in the present moment, the memory of his past experiences in these surroundings
floats over his present view of them, and he feels bittersweet joy in reviving them. He
thinks happily, too, that his present experience will provide many happy memories for
future years. The speaker acknowledges that he is different now from how he was in those
long-ago times, when, as a boy, he bounded oer the mountains and through the streams.
In those days, he says, nature made up his whole world: waterfalls, mountains, and woods
gave shape to his passions, his appetites, and his love. That time is now past, he says, but
he does not mourn it, for though he cannot resume his old relationship with nature, he has
been amply compensated by a new set of more mature gifts; for instance, he can now look
on nature, not as in the hour / Of thoughtless youth; but hearing oftentimes / The still, sad
music of humanity. And he can now sense the presence of something far more subtle,
powerful, and fundamental in the light of the setting suns, the ocean, the air itself, and
even in the mind of man; this energy seems to him a motion and a spirit that impels / All
thinking thoughts.... / And rolls through all things. For that reason, he says, he still loves
nature, still loves mountains and pastures and woods, for they anchor his purest thoughts
and guard the heart and soul of his moral being.

The speaker says that even if he did not feel this way or understand these things, he would
still be in good spirits on this day, for he is in the company of his dear, dear (d) Sister,
who is also his dear, dear Friend, and in whose voice and manner he observes his former
self, and beholds what I was once. He offers a prayer to nature that he might continue to
do so for a little while, knowing, as he says, that Nature never did betray / The heart that
loved her, but leads rather from joy to joy. Natures power over the mind that seeks her
out is such that it renders that mind impervious to evil tongues, rash judgments, and
the sneers of selfish men, instilling instead a cheerful faith that the world is full of
blessings. The speaker then encourages the moon to shine upon his sister, and the wind to
blow against her, and he says to her that in later years, when she is sad or fearful, the
memory of this experience will help to heal her. And if he himself is dead, she can
remember the love with which he worshipped nature. In that case, too, she will remember
what the woods meant to the speaker, the way in which, after so many years of absence,
they became more dear to himboth for themselves and for the fact that she is in them.