CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Paper

Subjunctive is a form of conditional sentence. But this Subjunctive topic is different from
Conditional. Conditional is a conditional sentence also but the difference is Conditional is
equipped with certain conditions to suppose. For example "I'll put it off if I were you.".
Subjunctives are a hope in the future or a form of regret of unfulfilled expectations.
Therefore we need to explore what is subjunctive that will be discussed in this paper.
Subjunctive is used to denounce / reveal a hope for something contrary to what actually
exists or occurs.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What is Subjunctive ?
2. What are Subjunctive Structures?
3. How does the Subjunctive use formula use "Wish"?
C. Purpose
1. To know about Subjunctive
2. To know the structure of Subjunctive
3. To know the formula of Subjunctive use with "Wish"

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 CHAPTER II
THEORY
A. Explanation of Subjunctive
Subjunctive is a verb form used to express unreal situations (can be
conditionals, wishes, as if, as though different from reality), requirements, and
suggestions. The subjunctiveter consists of present and past which have their own usage
rules. The words used in subjunctive are "wish", "as if / as though", "would rather", "if
only", if only. Wishes is a form of subjunctive, subjunctive is a verb used to express a
hope or presupposition of a thing which is very different from reality.
Example :
1. I wish he were here to repair my computer.
2. If only she were not here.
3. If only they could speak English.
4. It is desirable that they be on time.
B. Subjunctive Functions
1. If if / as though it is used to declare an improper state of reality or fact.
2. Wish, would rather, and if only be used to express a wish or desire.
C. Subjunctive Structures
1. Be (present)
In the Non-Verbal sentence, all Subjects in Present Subjunctive use "be", not
using "is'am'are".
a. I be
b. you be
c. he, she, it be
d. we be
e. you be
f. they be
2. Be (past)
In Non-Verbal sentences, All Subjects in Past Subjunctives use "were".
a. I was

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 b. you were
c. he, she, it were
d. we were
e. you were
f. they were
3. Other verbs (past & present)
All verbs must be in the form of "Bare Infinitive" ie not get any affixes like "s",
"es", "ing", or "-ed".
a. I work
b. you work
c. he, she, it work
d. we work
e. you work
f. they work
D. Subjunctive of Wish
1. Future simple (Time to come)
a. Explanation
a) This is used to express hope in the future, even if it is only limited to
expectations, because it will not happen as expected, just hope.
b) To declare things to come, which, if in regular expressions, capital-1 is
used; such as will and shall, may, then in his subjunctive sentence or
'wish' it is used of the past tense; ie 'would' and his friends-friends
(could, should, might) in front of subject 2, or after the word 'wish'.
c) To to be; (am, are, is) in the future, in the actual sentence, then in this
sentence used the past tense ie only 'were' only, not the other.
d) Conclusion; If the actual sentence / actual state is in a future / future
state, then under the circumstances in the presupposition 'wish' it is past
future.
b. Pattern / Formula:
a) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + would / could + V1
b) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + would / could + be + non verb

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 c) Subject 1 + wish (that) + subject 2 + were + V-ing.
c. Example / Examples:
a) We wish that you could come with us tonight. (We hope you can come
with us tonight.)
Fact: You can not come with us. (The fact is: You can not come with us
tonight.)
b) I wish that she would call me. (I hope he'll call me.)
Fact: She will not call me. (The fact is: He will not call me)
c) I wish she was going to be here. (I hope he will be here.)
Fact: He is not going to be here. (The fact is: He will not be here.)
2. Present simple (now)
a. Explanation
a) It is used to express the presupposition of something contrary to the present
reality, although it is only a matter of hope, because it does not happen at
the present time, as expected, just presupposes it.
b) To declare what happened, which if in a regular sentence / real use verb-1;
such as' do / does' and their friends (enjoy / enjoys, study / studies, visit /
visits, go / goes and see / sees), then in the subject of his subjunctive or
'wish' it is used of the past tense; ie 'did' and the like {enjoyed, studied,
visited, went and saw) in Subject 2, or after the word 'wish'.
c) To to be; (am, are, is + non verb) at the present time, in the actual sentence,
then in this sentence used the past tense ie only 'were + non verb' only, not
the other.
b. Pattern / Formula
a) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + V2.
b) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + were + non verb.
c) Note: (that) / in the (...) bracket is possibly omitted / 'that' may be omitted.

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 c. Examples / examples:
a) Wish: I wish that Tono spoke English fluently.
Reality: Tono does not speak English fluently.
b) Wish: I wish John were coming to class.
Reality: John is not coming to class.
c) Wish: I wish books were cheap.
Reality: Books are very expansive now.
3. Past Simple (past)
a. Explanation
a) It is used to express the presuppositions of the past / regrets something that
has happened / regretted because it did not happen, even though it is only
limited to expectation, since it did not happen in the past, as expected it,
only recommend it.
b) To declare what has happened in the past, which if in ordinary sentences /
real used verb-2; such as did and its see (enjoyed, studied, visited, went and
saw), then in its subjunctive sentence or wishes it is used past perfect form;
namely han done and the like in front of Subject 2, or after the word 'wish'.
c) To to be; (was / were + non Verb) at past time in the actual sentence, then
in the subject of subjunctive 'wishes' it is used past time: had been + non
verb.
d) Conclusion; If in the actual sentence / state actually it is in a state of past,
then in the state of supposition 'wish'nya it is past perfect.
b. Pattern / Formula:
a) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2) + have + V3.
b) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2) + have + been + NV
c) Subject 1 + wish (that) + subject 2 + had + V3
d) Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + had + been + non verb
e) Note: Capital-2; would, could, might, should.
Example:
a. Wish: My mother wish that she had had more time last night.
Reality: She did not have more time last night.
b. Wish: I wish he had not been absent yesterday.
Reality: He was not present.
c. Wish: I wish he had come last night.
Reality: He did not come last night.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Knot
Subjunctive is a verb form that is used to express unreal situasion (can be conditional,
wish, as if different from reality), requirement, and suggestion. Subjunctive consists of
present and past which have their respective usage rules. The words used in subjunctive
are wish, as if / as though, would rather, if only.
B. Advice
The author realizes that this paper is still far from perfection. Therefore, criticism and
suggestions from friends that are constructive we are very hopeful for the perfection of
this paper.

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 REFERENCES

http://britishicca.blogspot.co.id/2013/01/subjunctive-wish.html

Ehrlich, Eugene.2004. Schaums Outlines English Grammar. Jakarta: Erlangga

http://ismailmidi.com/english-205-subjunctives.html

http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/expressing-wishes-pengertian-penjelasan-jenis-serta-
contoh-kalimat-dalam-bahasa-inggris/